The legendary naval sweatshirt - how much meaning is put into these words! This is the story of more than one generation. The vest is valued on a par with a shrine. In Russia, it became not only part of the infantry and submarine navy, but also the airborne armed forces, Ministry of Emergency Situations, special forces and internal army Ministry of Internal Affairs. Each Russian army has its own vest with a unique stripe color, the selection criteria of which, one can assume, characterize the field of activity of each...
Navy
German opponents spoke of sailors and marines during the Great Patriotic War as “striped devils.” This one wears T-shirts with black stripes. It wasn’t the color, it wasn’t how many stripes there were on the vest, and it wasn’t even the extreme strong-willed qualities Russian sailors. The roots of this nickname go back to the history of Europe, where in the past there were very long time striped clothes worn by heretics rejected by society, lepers, executioners who did not have any rights. When the Germans saw Marines on land, they were overwhelmed with fear. genetic level. The sailors, even in battles on land, refused to change their main parts of their uniform: a peakless cap and a vest with a pea coat. This is what distinguished them from infantry soldiers.
For camouflage Marines changed into uniform ground forces. But even in it, the vest remained an underwear shirt. If someone carried it in a duffel bag because they wanted to keep it longer, then it was mandatory to put it on before the fight. After all, since ancient times there has been a Russian tradition: to put on a clean undershirt before the start of a battle. Someone thinks that the power of Russian sailors is hidden in a special sweatshirt - its color and how many stripes there are on the soldier’s vest.
After all, at one time French Navy a standard was adopted in 1852, according to which a vest should have 21 stripes. This is the number of victories of the great Napoleon.
Fearlessness
Sailors have always been distinguished by a special courageous spirit. Throwing their overcoat and pea coat to the ground, dressed in a vest, they walked towards the enemy with a bayonet in their hands. The sailors' first battle on land took place in June 1941, on the 25th.
Sergeant Major Prostorov, at the head of the Baltic corsairs, shouted “Polundra” and disgraced the Germans, who were known as victors in Europe. From fighters in vests it was formed strike force Russian army. The whole point is not how many stripes there are on the vest, but inner strength Russian spirit. The command knew: these warriors would not retreat! They were where it was most dangerous to fight. Marines Soviet Union plunged into panic and instilled fear in the enemy...
Origin
The history of the vest itself dates back to the time of the conquest of the geographical space of the Earth - in the seventeenth century. At that time, maritime professions were just developing. Accordingly, there was a shortage of personnel. Most of the European fleet was made up of sailors from Brittany. Most likely, the Bretons did not care how many stripes there were on their vests - they wore black and white work shirts, which played the role of a talisman against sea evil spirits.
In addition, in such a shirt the sailor can be seen better against the background of the surrounding landscapes. In addition, dirt is not so noticeable. Most of Breton seafaring personnel ended up on Dutch ships. They paid well here and Bretons were not prohibited from wearing striped overalls. By the end of the 17th century, it would become the body uniform of sailors throughout Europe.
Spreading
The Russians were no exception. It is not known for certain how many stripes there are on a sailor’s vest and when exactly it entered the life of the Russian fleet. But, most likely, the vest was brought to Russia by the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century. Their merchant ships began to sail to Arkhangelsk and Kholmogory. The Dutch and British were known as trendsetters in fashionable naval equipment. Therefore, Peter I adopted the Dutch uniform for the Russian flotilla, which was in its infancy.
But she was not yet wearing Breton striped shirts. They became more widespread among Russian sailors of the second mid-19th century. There is a legend that in 1868, Prince Konstantin Romanov, who was also an admiral, received the crew of the frigate. All sailors came to the meeting in European striped sweatshirts.
They praised their merits so much that after some time the prince signed a decree from the emperor to officially include the vest in the ammunition of Russian sailors (1874).
It became a cult garment later - after Russo-Japanese War. When there was demobilization, sailors filled the cities. All around you could hear the rhythms of sea dances and stories about the brave battles for Port Arthur.
They were looking for adventure. This is the time when flotilla culture became widespread among the masses, and the concept of “ sea soul", the symbol of which was the vest.
Airborne troops and striped sweatshirt
When and how did the iconic clothing of the navy become part of the blue beret and how many stripes are there on the vest of a Russian paratrooper? History says that back in 1959 they were awarded to a parachutist for a jump into water, which is considered one of the most dangerous.
That's when vests appeared in paratroopers' uniforms (unofficially). But the key person who made the naval sweatshirt was the legendary commander. It didn’t matter how many stripes there were on the Navy vest - it didn’t matter to the paratroopers. The introduction of the “sea soul” into blue berets was opposed by Sergei Gorshkov, the commander-in-chief of the USSR Navy. He said that these were manifestations of anarchy among the paratroopers.
But Margelov said harshly that he fought in the Marine Corps. And therefore he knows what paratroopers deserve and don’t deserve!
Officially, the vest with blue stripes made its debut at the Prague events in August 1968: Soviet paratroopers dressed in striped sweatshirt, proved to be a decisive force in ending the Prague Spring. Received blue berets baptism of fire, bypassing all bureaucratic issues - with the blessing of Margelov.
The new form was not prescribed by anyone official document. And it doesn’t matter how many stripes there are on an Airborne Forces vest (the number simply depends on the size of the jersey) - it has become a symbol of masculinity and a special spirit of fearlessness. Even future fighters have the honor of wearing a striped sweatshirt.
Modernity
Today Russian troops various kinds wear a vest. Includes naval, civil river and sea cadets educational institutions included naval vest as a required form element. Although border guards, thanks to the creation of the border flotilla of the White, Baltic and Caspian Seas, put it on back in 1893, and in 1898 it began with green stripes. In the 90s of the 20th century, vests for border guards were officially developed - green, for the special forces of the VV - maroon, for the special forces of the FSB and the presidential regiment - cornflower blue, for the Ministry of Emergency Situations - orange.
Of course, you can simply count how many stripes there are on a naval vest, but this will not give anything. Since the period of the USSR, the number of stripes has depended on the size of each military man, be it an infantryman or a border guard. Conventionally: size forty-six contains 33 stripes, size fifty-six - 52.
The problem of the number of stripes has its roots in the symbolic numerology in the vests of the French. The Dutch and the British had the same symbolism. They preferred shirts with 12 stripes, the same as the number of human ribs, thus wanting to deceive fate: as if it were not a person, but a ghost-skeleton of the deceased...
Day of all sailors serving in any unit Russian fleet, celebrated every year on the 1st Sunday of July.
The most favorite clothing of sailors is considered to be the vest - a striped shirt made of white and blue knitwear. The name “vest” comes from the fact that it is worn on a bare torso.
The meaning of the color of the stripes on a sailor's favorite clothing
The white and blue stripes across the vest corresponded to the St. Andrew's flag of the Russian military navy. In addition, in such vests the sailors were visually visible against the background blue sky, blue sea and white sails.
Back in the 19th century, a tradition arose of dividing flotillas according to the color of their stripes. Thus, depending on the vest, the identity of the sailor was immediately determined. Over time, troops began to be distinguished by the color of the stripes.
What colors are there?
- black and white - marine troops and submariners;
- cornflower blue with white – troops special purpose FSB and forces presidential regiment;
- green and white – border troops;
- blue with white - airborne forces;
- maroon and white - Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;
- orange and white - RF Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Jack
Guys is a collar that is put on top of the uniform and tied near the neck. This name comes from the root meaning of the word geus. What does flag mean in Dutch?
The flag of the navy is hoisted on ships of ranks 1-2 every morning at 8:00 until sunset while the ship is at anchor.
The origin of the guy is quite pragmatic. In the Middle Ages, men preferred to wear long hair. Hair was braided into braids or ponytails. And to fight lice there was only one remedy - tar. It was applied to the hair and, in order not to stain the shirt, the shoulders were covered with a special leather collar, which was easy to clean.
After many years, the fashion for long hair gone, but the habit of wearing a guy remained. Only gradually did leather replace ordinary fabric.
Origin of the stripes on the butt
No one can say with 100% certainty why there are three stripes on the butt. But there are two options for their appearance and quantity.
The first is the memory of three great naval victories in 1714 at Cape Gangut, in 1770 under Chesma and in 1853. Battle of Sinop.
The second option is born in the course of the legend about the three squadrons of Peter I. Depending on the proximity to the king, each squadron had 1, 2 and three stripes, respectively. Therefore, they began to believe that three stripes had a higher rank and meant a special affiliation with the guard.
The vest, otherwise called a sweatshirt, vest, or even the romantic phrase “sea soul,” begins its history from the time of the appearance of the European sailing fleet. It is believed that the white-blue or white-blue coloring of the vest helped during sea travel always see sailors against the backdrop of snow-white sails, and also observe them in the water if they accidentally fell overboard.
The first naval ones appeared in the Breton fleet back in the 16th century. Then they had exactly 12 black and white stripes, the number of human ribs. In this way, the sailors wanted to deceive death itself. She had to take the sailors for already dead and don't touch them. And this is not a random belief, because in those days, traveling by sea was a very dangerous activity.
The tradition with 12 transverse stripes was adopted from the British by the Dutch. But the French sailors already had 21 stripes on their vests, each of which symbolized one of major victories Napoleon. The European experience of using vests was transferred to Russian soil only on August 19, 1874, by order of Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov.
Initially, a white-and-blue striped vest belonged exclusively to sailors of the Russian military fleet. And if at the end of the 19th century the naval vest consisted of white and blue stripes, among which the white stripes were much wider, then in our time this item of clothing contains white and blue stripes of the same width (approximately from 0.5 to 1.5 cm). Previously, vests were made from cotton and wool (in equal quantities), but now in most cases 100% natural cotton is used. The service life of a vest in the navy is one year.
During the Great Patriotic War German soldiers and their allies remembered well striped vests Marines (they had black and white stripes). It’s not for nothing that our sailors were nicknamed “striped devils.” And it's not just about courage and courage Russian sailors. The Europeans remembered very well that striped clothes had previously been worn by executioners, outcasts, terminally ill people and other outcasts of society who simply had nothing to lose.
Often, during battles, Marines dressed in the uniform of the ground forces for camouflage, but they always wore a vest. It was not only a comfortable piece of clothing for them, but also a special amulet. Russian warriors have also long had a tradition of putting on a clean shirt before battle. And nautical vests replaced them perfectly.
Airborne vest
Nowadays, the Airborne Forces are armed with vests with light blue stripes alternating with white. And the tradition of rewarding paratroopers who made the first parachute jump into water began in 1959. It was then, during the exercises, that Colonel V.A. Ustinovich presented the paratroopers with naval vests as a reward for successfully completing the assigned task. Although the idea of introducing vests with blue and white stripes into the Airborne Forces was carried out by the commander of the Airborne Forces V.F. Margelov and earlier, back in 1954-1959, as well as at a later time.
In the end, it was decided to make the vest an official part military clothing Airborne, but only replace the blue stripes with light blue ones, symbolizing the color of the daytime sky in bright weather. And already in 1969, during the conflict in Czechoslovakia, all paratroopers wore uniform vests. Officially, this item of military clothing is airborne troops was enshrined by the Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1969.
Vests for border troops
Since about the 1990s, vests various colors appeared in many branches of the military, in addition to the Navy and Airborne Forces. Border guards acquired white and green striped vests. This is due to the fact that in the 80s, a separate Vitebsk Airborne Division was suddenly transferred to the jurisdiction of the KGB of the USSR, which is why the light blue stripes were repainted green.
Then the paratroopers perceived this as an insult and oblivion of them military honor, but after the collapse of the USSR, when the division went to Belarus and again became part of the Airborne Forces, the tradition of wearing white and green vests is already firmly rooted among border guards. And it hasn't changed to this day.
Vests of different types of troops
The colors of military vests for different branches of the military, Special Forces (special forces) and GRU (intelligence) were determined in Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 532 of 05/08/2005. In accordance with this document, it was determined the following types vest:
- Navy - vests with white and dark blue stripes. The same vests are worn by cadets of naval, as well as civilian river and sea schools;
- Airborne troops - vests with white and light blue stripes;
- Border troops- vests with white and green stripes;
- FSB special forces and Presidential Regiment- vests with white stripes and cornflower blue stripes;
- Ministry emergency situations- vests with white and orange stripes;
- Special Forces internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs (Rosgvardia) - vests with white and maroon (burgundy) stripes.
Special mention should be made about sweatshirts with black and white stripes. You can often read that such vests are used by submariners and even the Marine Corps. However, it is not. To date specified species troops use the usual sailor's vests with stripes of white and dark blue.
Simultaneously with vests different colors The Russian troops also use berets in several shades, from orange to black and green. Berets are often part of dress uniform or issued to military personnel for any merit (for example, after passing sports standards). That is, the right to wear a beret often needs to be earned hard work or some heroic act.
Although vests are now used for everyday wear by many troops, only those with dark blue or light blue stripes can be called a classic naval vest (such vests are worn by Navy sailors and paratroopers).
In Russia there are many interesting holidays, there is also one - the birthday of the Russian vest, which is celebrated on August 19. Although it is not yet official, it is very popular in our country. It is especially widely celebrated in St. Petersburg, where enthusiasts celebrate it as their own tradition. The “Amateur” decided to recall the history of this piece of clothing.
Telnyashka (popularly also called telnik) is a striped shirt (hence the name), which is worn as a uniform item by military personnel in many countries, but only in Russia has it become a special symbol, distinctive sign real men. The date August 19 was also not chosen by chance. There is information that it was on this day in 1874, on the initiative of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich Romanov, who then wore the highest naval rank- Admiral General, Emperor Alexander II signed a decree on the introduction new form, in which the vest (a special “underwear” shirt) was introduced as part of mandatory form clothes of a Russian sailor. The emperor also approved the “Regulations on the allowance of the commands of the Naval Department in terms of ammunition and uniforms,” which stated that this form clothing is intended for the “lower ranks of ships and naval crews” of the Russian fleet. And the vest itself was regulated as follows: “A shirt knitted from wool in half with paper (ed. - with cotton); The color of the shirt is white with blue transverse stripes spaced one inch apart (44.45 mm). The width of the blue stripes is a quarter of an inch... The weight of the shirt is supposed to be at least 80 spools (344 grams)...".
The blue and white transverse stripes of the vests matched the colors of the St. Andrew's flag, the official flag of the Russian navy. And it was assumed that new part uniforms will be comfortable and functional.
The blue and white stripes of the vests corresponded to the colors of the St. Andrew's flag
Today it is popular not only among sailors. It must be said that in general, vests as such are not a Russian “invention.” The prototypes of vests appeared during the heyday of the sailing fleet, around early XVII I centuries, and were “born of life itself.” In the navy, it was very practical - it retains heat well, fits tightly to the body, does not restrict movement during any work, and dries quickly. Moreover, from the very beginning, the vest was striped (although the stripes were colored, and the sailors themselves sewed them onto the shirt) - against the background of light sails, the sky and in the dark water, a man in a vest was visible from afar and clearly. However, this approach resulted in an incredible variety of cuts, colors and stripes, so the “striped shirt” was considered a non-statutory form of clothing, and people were punished for wearing it.
Attitudes towards it changed in the middle of the 19th century, when the Dutch naval uniform of a short peacoat, flared trousers and a jacket with a deep neckline on the chest, into which the vest fit perfectly, came into fashion, and it was included in the sailor’s uniform. In Russia, the “fashion” for vests began to take shape, according to some sources, since 1862, according to others - since 1866. And the military reforms of 1865-1874 greatly changed the appearance of the Russian armed forces, and Russian sailors began to wear Dutch uniforms, including a vest.
In the middle of the 19th century, the Dutch naval uniform came into fashion
As a result, by decree of Alexander II in 1874, it was legalized as part of the uniform of a Russian sailor. Moreover, at first, vests were issued only to participants long hikes, and they were very proud and cherished. In addition, they were first purchased abroad, and only then production was established in Russia. Mass manufacturing of vests first began at the Kersten factory in St. Petersburg (after the revolution - the Red Banner factory). Moreover, initially the white stripes were much (4 times) wider than the blue ones. Only in 1912 did they become the same in width (a quarter of an inch - approximately 11 mm). At the same time, the material also changed - the vest began to be made from cotton and wool. But the color of the stripes remained unchanged - white and dark blue.
After the revolution of 1917, the vest did not lose its popularity at all; wearing it was still prestigious. But in Soviet time, in addition to the white and blue vests, new “ color solutions" For example, the marines and rivermen wore vests with black stripes, and when the uniform for the Airborne Forces was created in 1969, by analogy with the uniform of sailors, vests were included in the uniform of the paratroopers, but the color of the stripes was changed to sky blue.
As a result, in the 1990s, vests with stripes of different colors were developed and officially “approved” for other branches of the military: black (naval submarine forces and marines), green (border troops), maroon (special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs), cornflower blue (FSB special forces, Presidential Regiment), orange (EMERCOM).
Sailors of all generations of the Russian fleet call the vest " sea soul»
Also, a naval vest is included in the uniform of cadets of naval and civilian maritime and river educational institutions. However, it was the white and blue vest that was destined to become not only the “favorite” of the sailors, but also their symbol of valor and brotherhood. Sailors of all generations of the Russian fleet call it the “sea soul” and wear it with pleasure not only in the fleet, but also in everyday life. Moreover, these clothes are popular not only among professionals, but also among ordinary people - both adults and children. It has long become not only an element of naval equipment, but also an item of clothing for many people not associated with the navy. For example, a well-known popularizer of this “striped shirt” is the French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier, who presented several blue-and-white striped ready-to-wear collections in the 1990s.
Interesting Facts:
It is believed that a sailor who goes to the open sea for the first time (no matter on a fishing boat, merchant ship or military cruiser) immediately joins the brotherhood of brave conquerors sea elements. There are a lot of dangers there, and sailors are the most superstitious people in the world. And one of the main maritime beliefs is associated with dark and light stripes applied to the vest.
It turns out that, unlike land citizens, every real sailor is sure that the abyss is inhabited by various demons and mermaids, and each of them poses a serious danger to the conquerors of the seas and oceans. To deceive them, they used a vest: it was believed that, having put on such a shirt, the sailors seemed to the spirits of the sea to already be dead, of whom only skeletons remained.
Fishermen from French Brittany were the first to wear a robe with black and white stripes to protect themselves from the spirits of the sea. At the beginning of the 17th century, this superstition spread throughout the Old World.
Having put on a vest, the sailors seemed already dead to the spirits of the sea.
Starting from 1852, according to the French standard, the vest was required to have 21 stripes - according to the number of major victories of Napoleon. In turn, the Dutch and English preferred a vest exclusively with 12 transverse stripes - the number of ribs in a person.
It is well known for what merits the vest migrated from the sea to land. The reason for this is the use of sailors in land military operations during the Civil and Great Wars. Patriotic War. For some reason unknown to historians, the sailors turned out to be better fighters than their land counterparts.
No wonder the enemy called the Marines “striped devils” in fear. There is still a popular saying in Russia: “We are few, but we are wearing vests!” During the war, it was supplemented by another: “One sailor is a sailor, two sailors are a platoon, three sailors are a company.” In the first battle on land on June 25, 1941, near Liepaja, the Baltic sailors put to flight the Wehrmacht soldiers who had previously captured half of Europe.
Sources
- http://oursociety.ru
- http://interesnogo.ru/
- http://www.calend.ru/
The vest in Russia is more than just an item of military uniform, it is a legend, tradition, history. It’s not for nothing that the vest is made from a typically maritime uniforms expanded to all types of troops modern Russia, while acquiring a variety of colors.
The nautical undershirt with blue and white stripes has a long history dating back to the days of the sailing fleet. It is known that it was introduced into wide use by Dutch sailors. The Dutch naval uniform with a short black peacoat, bell-bottom trousers, a blue flannel jacket with a large cutout on the chest and an undershirt with blue stripes became popular in many countries.
However, the vest was “invented” not by the Dutch, but by the Bretons back in the 16th century. Breton sailors wore knitted jersey shirts with 12 (the number of ribs in the human body) black stripes - this is how they tried to deceive their death, which would mistake the sailors for skeletons and begin to touch them. When not on duty, sailors knitted their own undershirts, which were practical, comfortable, did not restrict movement and protected from the cold.
In Russia, the vest became an element of uniform for employees Navy in the second half of the 19th century. At that time, Russia produced military reform with changes in the structure, weapons and, of course, uniforms of military personnel, including sailors. In 1874, Emperor Alexander II approved the “Regulations on the allowance of the commands of the Naval Department in terms of ammunition and uniforms,” which, in particular, spoke about uniforms for the “lower ranks of ships and naval crews” of the Russian fleet. The vest was defined as follows: “A shirt knitted from wool in half with paper; The color of the shirt is white with blue transverse stripes, spaced one inch apart (4.445 cm). The width of the blue stripes is a quarter of an inch... The weight of the shirt is supposed to be at least 80 spools (344 grams)...".
Sailors of the ship Varyag
At first, vests were purchased abroad, and only then production was established in Russia. Mass manufacturing production of vests first began at the Kersten factory (by the way, the German Friedrich-Wilhelm Kersten in 1870 received a medal at the All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition and the title of hereditary honorary citizen St. Petersburg) in St. Petersburg (after the revolution - the Red Banner factory).
The stripes of the vest acquired the same size and width of about 1 cm only in 1912, and the composition of the material and the vest began to be made from cotton. The vest has remained in this form to this day. Its characteristics are determined by GOST 25904-83 “Knitted marine sweatshirts and T-shirts for military personnel. Are common technical specifications" This GOST determines both the composition and quality of knitted material for tailoring, vests, and its “design”.
The vest became not only a convenient and practical item for a naval sailor, but also a symbol of masculinity, valor, perseverance, and true masculine character. People leaving the Navy and in civilian life continued to wear a vest as a symbol of their involvement in special kind to the troops. Over time, the vest was introduced into the uniform for the Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces) in 1969, but the color of the stripes was sky blue. And the history of the appearance of the vest by Airborne Forces employees is as follows.
Vest in the Airborne Forces
In 1959, exercises were conducted on mass water landings. The weather was very rainy and windy, and headquarters officers led by General Lisov jumped from the first plane. We jumped from a height of 450 meters. The last to jump was Colonel V.A. Ustinovich. After he climbed out of the water onto the shore, he took out his naval vests from his bosom and handed them to the landing participants, as a symbol that the landing was carried out on the water. Since then, it has become a tradition to present vests to those who, in addition to the usual landing, also jumped onto the water. V.F. Margelov, commander of the Airborne Forces in 1954-1959 and 1961-1979, began to promote the idea of introducing the vest as an element of the Airborne Forces uniform. Only the vest for the paratroopers was decided to be made not with dark blue stripes, but with light blue ones. The first to dress them were parts and connections Airborne troops who took part in the events in Czechoslovakia in 1968. On July 26, 1969, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 191, new rules for wearing military uniforms were introduced, in which the wearing of a vest in the Airborne Forces was officially enshrined.
Paratroopers in blue vests
Vest with green stripes
Since the 1990s, vests with stripes of different colors began to appear in other troops. This is how border guards began to wear vests with green stripes. The paratroopers who served at that time say that in the late 80s Vitebsk airborne division transferred to the KGB of the USSR, as a result blue vests and the berets were “repainted” in green color, which was perceived by former paratroopers as an insult to their military honor. However, after the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the division went to Belarus, where it again became an airborne unit. But the tradition of border guards wearing green vests remains.
Vests in the Russian Armed Forces
By Presidential Decree Russian Federation No. 532 of May 8, 2005 “On military uniform clothes, insignia of military personnel and departmental insignia" were, in particular, determined the colors of vests for various genera troops of the Russian Armed Forces, namely:
Navy - dark blue vests
Airborne Forces - blue vests
border troops - light green vests,
special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - maroon vests,
FSB special forces, Presidential Regiment - cornflower blue vests
Ministry of Emergency Situations - orange vests
Also a naval vest with stripes dark blue included in the uniform set of cadets of naval and civil sea and river educational institutions.
As you can see, there is nothing mentioned here about a black vest! It is often attributed to units submarine fleet and the Marine Corps, but in accordance with Decree No. 532 they have the same vest as ordinary military personnel Navy Russia, that is, with dark blue stripes.
IN general introduction vests of different colors for different branches of the military somewhat diminished the authority of the vest, but, nevertheless, this does not apply to naval and landing vests with dark blue and light blue stripes.
Voentorg "Patriot" offers Navy vests, Airborne vests, vests Marine Corps and BB vests wholesale and retail. You can buy vests in Yekaterinburg or Nizhny Tagil, and also order them through our online store. Wholesalers and group purchases receive special conditions.