Uniform of the Transbaikal Cossack army. Uniform and insignia of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

Transbaikal Cossacks Nikolai Nikolaevich Smirnov

1. Cossacks - who are they?

The word “Cossack” itself is of Turkic origin, which means “daring man”, “free man”.

This definition most accurately reflects the meaning of the concept “Cossack”, although different nations there were many options for its interpretation. The dispute between historians about the origin of the word “Cossack”, as well as who the Cossacks are in general, remains unresolved.

In the works of many old Russian scientists there was an unshakable confidence that the Cossacks were part of a certain people, their special branch. Others identify the Cossacks with nomadic peoples Indo-Iranian race, who came from Asia, where they lived in the upper reaches of the Yenisei and in the east of Lake Baikal, reaching in the west to the Angara River.

There are works where the Cossacks are considered the descendants of several southern Azov and Black Sea tribes, who, having become related to each other, formed a special nation - the Cossacks.

There are also those who consider the North Caucasus to be the ancestral home of the Cossacks.

A lot can be argued, but one thing is clear: whatever the origin of the word “Cossack,” ultimately the Russian people with their own language, customs and culture became its bearer. How did it happen that numerous southern tribes bearing the name Kos-Saki (Ka-Saka), Meoto-Kaisars, Alan-Ases, Tanaits, Asians Khakass, Khasaks, Kai-Saks, etc., who were the ancestors of the Cossacks, according to some scientists, spoke Russian, adopted Russian culture and customs, disappeared without a trace into everything Russian, leaving only minor signs of their existence?

It is obvious that the powerful wave of Rus that swept the south was significantly superior to the local tribes, swallowed them up, which is why everything Russian began to predominate.

In addition, part of the vast southern spaces was not inhabited by anyone at all, so the Russians who moved to these lands had no one to assimilate, and they completely lived according to their customs and laws, preserving all the characteristics national culture, but changing them in accordance with the conditions of existence.

There is no doubt that the settlers, communicating with the nomads, adopted part of their culture and customs, became related to the local tribes, absorbing some of their external characteristics, but the roots remained Russian. This can be confirmed by the Transbaikal Cossacks.

Modern Cossacks should be proud of their Slavic origin, and not look for an ancestral home in Scythia, Asia or the Caucasus.

Thus, it can be assumed that the Cossacks are a unique Slavic population, formed outside of Rus' and in conditions independent of it.

Leaving their homeland for various reasons, Russian people settled on unoccupied lands in the endless southern steppes outside the borders of Rus', where danger threatened them from all sides. Reflecting the attacks of nomads on their villages, the Cossacks themselves carried out raids, expeditions and trips to uncharted lands. War became a profession for these people, shaping their character and unique way of life.

“The existence of the Cossacks, as a border warlike population, was natural and necessary due to the geographical position of Ancient Rus', due to the openness of its borders,” wrote historian S.M. Soloviev. Describing the state significance of the Cossacks, he noted that “there should have been and indeed were Cossacks on all borders, especially on those borders where no one dared to settle without having the character of a warrior, always ready to repel and guard the enemy. The border is stocked with Cossacks.”

In its organization, the Cossack community was both economic and military. At the head of its administration was a circle, that is, a meeting of all Cossacks. The circle had administrative and supreme judicial power. For executive activities, the circle chose a military foreman - ataman, his assistant - esaul, and a military clerk (scribe) for written affairs.

Executor of the will of the Cossack circle in Peaceful time, the ataman had unlimited power during a war or campaign. At that time, Cossacks were chosen as atamans primarily based on their business qualities, and not on the basis of their property status, as became much later. High demands were placed on the ataman: personal bravery and courage in battle, the ability to competently command a detachment on a campaign, knowledge of military affairs, strong and weaknesses enemy; Possessing a strong will and the ability to captivate people to achieve their goals. The chieftain must be a good administrator in times of peace, take care of the Cossacks, and understand them. When choosing an ataman, his intelligence and ability to correctly assess the situation and make a decision were taken into account. Random people were not elected as atamans - only those whom they knew well and to whom the Cossacks could trust their lives.

In peacetime, the Cossacks were engaged in cattle breeding, hunting and fishing. Agriculture was not encouraged among them, since it was believed that the land enslaved people, required constancy and peace, and the incessant raids of the steppe nomads made this activity impossible. The Cossacks received bread from the royal treasury or from Russian merchants in exchange for fish, furs, or goods obtained during campaigns.

The focal nature of settlement, large removal from each other did not allow the Cossack communities to maintain close ties with each other. Over time, when the flow of Russian settlers to the free border lands increased, the number of Cossacks also increased, their military activity intensified, and the need arose to unite the disunited Cossack communities into an army with a common circle and elected atamans.

Having turned into a formidable force, the Cossack troops in the 15th–17th centuries more than once undertook military campaigns in the Crimea, to the coast of the Black and Caspian Seas, and dared to openly fight the Tatar and Turkish army, even reached distant Persia.

The Cossacks were armed with sabers, pikes, light firearms (carbines, pistols, muskets), and they also had artillery.

A characteristic feature of their offensive tactics was sudden and daring raids, the use of ambushes and “searches”. In defense, the Cossacks relied on the fortified towns, abatis, and carts they created. They widely used waterways, for which they had large boats that could accommodate 50–70 people, the necessary supplies of water, food and weapons. The Cossacks had their own code of honor and, closely connected by communal interests, were a monolithic, friendly, controlled military organization, capable of achieving great results with small forces. For example, in 1614, the Zaporozhye Cossacks destroyed 26 ships of the Turkish fleet directly off the coast of Turkey, at Cape Trebizond (Trabzon), and Don Cossacks in 1637 they took the powerful Turkish fortress of Azov.

Cossack communities, transformed into an army, received a name on a territorial basis. The army was assigned land, which was transferred for use to the Cossack villages. Until 1719, Cossack communities were under the jurisdiction of the Orders (Discharge, Siberian, Posolsky, etc.), and from 1721 they came under the control of the Military Collegium.

The election of atamans and foremen was gradually eliminated, and they began to be appointed. This is how mandated atamans appeared, i.e. appointed by the government.

The attitude of the Russian government towards the Cossacks was not clear-cut. On the one hand, the boyars and landowners could not tolerate the flight of their serfs, and on the other, it was beneficial for the government to have Cossacks on the border of the state, whose troops fought the common enemy. At the same time, the government did not incur any special material costs, as for a regular army, and the borders were guarded. Cossack communities were recognized for a certain time, and Moscow more than once turned to them for help in repelling the attacks of numerous enemies and escorting Russian ambassadors across the steppe expanses.

In relation to the government, the Cossacks were divided into servicemen and freemen. The former were officially considered subjects of the Russian Tsar and were obliged to carry out his orders. From among these Cossacks, the garrisons of border cities and fortresses, foot and horse regiments were recruited. For their service they received a cash and grain salary based on fixed salaries, and were provided with gunpowder and lead. They served under the command of “heads” appointed by the Rank Order.

The latter were not considered the tsar’s subjects and were not obliged to serve on his orders. They participated in the campaigns of their own free will and under certain conditions. Freedom and independence were above all else for them.

The tsarist government used the services of its former subjects, but treated them with distrust. Not bound by an oath, the free Cossacks did not disdain the “robbery” trade, attacking foreign and Russian merchants and embassy caravans, which brought the government a lot of trouble. There were cases when the tsar, not wanting to aggravate foreign policy relations with neighboring states, ordered the public execution of one or more “thieves’ men.” This was the name given to free Cossacks in the 16th century. The attempts of the tsarist government to put an end to the Cossack freemen until the 80s of the 16th century did not produce decisive results. As the borders of the state expanded and the border lines shifted into the territory of their habitat, the free Cossacks went to the Volga region, to Yaik, Kuban and Terek.

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Transbaikal Cossacks or Transbaikal Cossack Army - ethnic group Russians in Transbaikalia. Seniority since August 20, 1655. Military headquarters - in the cityRead. Military holiday, military circle- March 17, the day of St. Alexis the man of God.

Colors and banners of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

Transbaikal Cossacks traditionally wore yellow stripes, shoulder straps and bands, and dark green uniforms.

The Cossack banner was a cloth of military colors with the image of the face of the Savior Not Made by Hands. The banner bore the inscription: “God is with us.”

History of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

The backbone of the Transbaikal Cossacks were the Don Cossacks, who appeared in Transbaikalia around 1639. In 1654, the Cossacks of Peter Beketov founded Nerchinsk. Based on the model of the Cossack army, the Buryats (4 regiments) and Tungus (500 people = 1 regiment) were organized, which later merged with the Cossacks. A distinctive feature of the Transbaikal Cossacks was the fact that, along with Orthodoxy, some of them (mostly of origin) professed Lamaism

The Transbaikal Cossack Army was formed on March 17, 1851 by order of Emperor Nicholas I, at the suggestion of the Governor General N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, in the territory of Transbaikalia from part of the Siberian Cossacks, Buryats, Evenk military formations and the peasant population of some areas consisting of 3 cavalry regiments and 3 foot brigades ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Russian regiments, 4th Tungus (Evenki) regiment and 5th and 6th Buryat regiments). Carried out border guards with China and internal service.

In 1854, Transbaikal Cossacks rafted down the Amur River and established border posts along the border with China. 1858 from Transbaikal was allocated Amur Cossack Army.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Transbaikal Cossacks fielded 1 guards fifty, 4 cavalry regiments and 2 batteries in peacetime; to the First world war They deployed 1 guards fifty, 9 cavalry regiments, 4 batteries and 3 spare hundreds.

In 1916, the Cossack population of the Transbaikal Cossack Army was 265 thousand people, 14.5 thousand were in military service. Participated in the suppression of the Yihetuan uprising of 1899-1901, in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 and the First World War.

During the Civil War of 1918-20, part of the Cossacks actively fought against the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Ataman G.M. Semenov and Baron Ungern, some Cossacks supported the Reds.

In 1920, the Transbaikal Cossack Army, like other Cossack troops in the USSR, was liquidated Soviet power. After the defeat of Semenov, approximately 15% of the Cossacks, together with their families, went to Manchuria, where they settled, creating their own villages (Trekhrechye). In China they initially disturbed with raids Soviet border, and then closed themselves off and lived their own way of life until 1945 (the offensive of the Soviet Army). Then some of them emigrated to Australia (Queensland). Some in the 1960s. returned to the USSR and were settled in Kazakhstan. Descendants of mixed marriages remained in China.

Modernity

During the era of Soviet perestroika, the revival of the Transbaikal Cossacks began. In 1990, the Great Cossack Circle was convened in Moscow, at which, among others, a decision was made to recreate the Transbaikal Cossack Army. In 1991, the song and dance ensemble "Transbaikal Cossacks" was formed. In 2010, Sergei Bobrov was elected ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Army in Chita. On March 30, 2011, Transbaikal Cossacks celebrated the 160th anniversary of their army.

Structure Transbaikal Cossack Army

At the head of the Transbaikal Cossack army was an ataman, subordinate to the Governor-General of Siberia. Ataman combined the rights of a division chief and a governor. Under him, two committees were established: military duty (for conducting military affairs) and military administration (for conducting economic affairs). The highest form of organization of the Cossacks was a brigade (there were 6 brigades in total), which was divided into regiments (500-600 fighters), and those into hundreds.

The regiments were named after the central settlement: Argunsky, Verkhneudinsky, Chitinsky, Nerchinsky.

Territorial location

1st Division

Atamano-Nikolaevskaya (Kharatsayskaya) village,
Zhelturinskaya village,
Kudarinskaya village,
Menzinskaya village,
Murochinskaya village,
Ust Urlukskaya village,
Tsagan Usunskaya village,
Tsakirskaya village,
Sharagolskaya village,
Arakiret village,
Borgoyskaya village,
Verkhneudinskaya village,
Gygetuiskaya village,
Selenginskaya village,
Haryasskaya village,
Yangazhinskaya village.

2nd Division

Akshinskaya village,
Bukukunskaya village,
Verkhneulkhunskaya village,
Duroevskaya village,
Durulguevskaya village,
Zorgolskaya village,
Mangut village,
Mogoytuevskaya village,
Tsagan-Oluevskaya village,
Chindantskaya 2nd village,
Chindant-Grodskovskaya village,
Ulyatuevskaya village,
Byrkinskaya village,
Doninskaya village,
Kalginskaya village,
Mankechurskaya village.

3rd Division

Botovskaya village
Zhitkinskaya village
Ildikanskaya village
Kurlychenskaya village
Kulakovskaya village
Kuengskaya village
Kularskaya village
Lomovskaya village
Mitrofanovskaya village - (Shilka)
Novotroitskaya village
Sretenskaya Stanitsa
Torginskaya village
Ust-Telenguiskaya village
Undinskaya village
Kaidalovskaya village
Makkoveevskaya village
Razmakhninskaya village
Titovskaya Stanitsa

BRIEF CHRONICLE OF THE TRANSBAIKAL COSSACK ARMY

Intelligence general(dates are indicated according to the old style until January 1918).
The seniority of the Transbaikal Cossacks was established in 1913 by order of the Military Department No. 449. The calculation has been carried out since August 20, 1655, from the date on the charter of Tsarevich and Grand Duke Alexei Alekseevich to the steward and governor Ivan Pavlovich Akinfov in the Yenisei fort with the order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to supply the Cossacks and Siberian service people going to the Daurian land - food, ammunition and weapons.
Military holiday on March 17, 1851, on the day of St. Alexy the man of God, the heavenly patron of the Transbaikal Cossack army.
Date of formation of the Transbaikal Cossack Army: March 17, 1851. On that day, Sovereign Emperor Nicholas I, on the draft “Regulations on the Transbaikal Cossack Army” of the Governor-General of the Irkutsk Province Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov (later Muravyov-Amursky), personally inscribed: “Be it so.”
The capital of the Transbaikal Cossack army since 1851: the city of Chita.
The territory that belonged to the Cossack community of Transbaikalia: 10,000,000 acres of land in the Transbaikal region, not counting “borrows” - land leased by the Cossacks from the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty and from the Chinese (S.B.).
Quantitative composition of the Cossack army: approx. 264,000 people (BES, M-98).
Traditional forms of economic activity: horse breeding, cattle breeding, sheep breeding, farming, beekeeping, fishing, hunting. Crafts: saddlery, furrier, blacksmith. Trade: artisanal gold mining.
Historical traditions of the Transbaikal Cossacks: community driven hunting, artel fishing. From the time of the development of Dauria until the civil war, the Cossacks had a custom of neighborly mutual assistance in the labor-intensive work of the so-called. "help". Every Cossack considered it his duty to take part in the military parade during the Military Festival. Russian Cossacks celebrated Orthodox and Buryat Buddhist holidays - during which wrestling and fist fighting competitions were held, among others. "wall to wall" Riders competed in “breaking off”, dressage of horses from a herd (S.B.), in horse racing, horse riding and cutting, and shot at targets with guns and bows. The Cossacks were treated to a military initiation ritual called “mounting a horse.” When leaving for service, the Cossacks, according to the old custom, drove around the village (stanitsa), and performed the same ritual when returning from service. Russian Cossacks are tolerant of people of other faiths and foreigners, because Almost all of them themselves are “Karyms” from the fact that initially, according to female line have Tungus or Mongol-Buryat roots (S.B.).

Participation of the Transbaikal Cossack army in wars, campaigns and other historical events from the beginning of its formation.
The beginning of the Transbaikal Cossacks.
From 1638 to 1655, the Yenisei Cossacks with atamans: Maxim Perfilyev, Vasily Kolesnikov, Pyotr Beketov and others carried out reconnaissance of Dauria and led the local population to the “sherti” oath of allegiance to the Moscow Tsar.
In 1648, the Cossacks of Ivan Galkin built the first fort beyond Lake Baikal, the Barguzinsky fort, which became the gateway to Transbaikalia. The state task of the serving Cossacks was “to find new lands, silver ore and yasash people.”
The war of the Cossacks with the Manchus for the possession of the Amur and Transbaikalia.
From 1655 to 1689, from the Manchu attack on Komarsky and Albazinsky forts and until the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk, the “Daurian” (S.B.) War lasted. Due to the remoteness of the new lands and the abstraction of Moscow rulers on the inside dynastic struggle, The Daurian (Trans-Baikal) Cossacks, suffering the need for everything, with small forces, resisted the well-armed and numerous Manchu army. Local population, incited by the Chinese and the Jesuits, breaking the oath, also opposed the Cossacks. As a result, under the terms of the Nerchinsk Treaty, Russia and China left the Amur. However, thanks to the courageous struggle of the Cossacks, Transbaikalia, according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, was assigned to Russia.
First military awards Transbaikal Cossacks.
On February 7, 1690, the steward and colonel I.I. arrived in Udinsk. Skripitsyn with awards with which the government of Princess Sophia celebrated the successes of Russian troops in Transbaikalia and the Amur region. 1484 Cossacks received a Gilded penny (pre-Petrine, military award), and the 60 Albazin siege soldiers who survived the siege from beginning to end were also given 4 arshins of cloth.
Development of the region, border protection, participation in current wars:
In 1689, two regiments recruited by Golovin from the Siberian Cossacks were settled along the Chinese border to strengthen the Transbaikal guards.
In 1727, the Treaty of Burin was concluded, which determined the western border of Transbaikalia with Mongolia. The protection of the Mongolian border was entrusted partly to the Russian Cossacks, and mainly to the Tungus and Buryats.
In peacetime, officials tried in different ways to decide the fate of the Cossacks of Transbaikalia. Attempts have been made to translate most Cossacks into the taxable estate, and the rest scattered among the teams of various departments.
During this period, Transbaikal residents, in a limited number of army units, took part in the wars that Russia was then waging.
In 1812, the Selenga infantry regiment especially distinguished itself. In the battle for Smolensk, he showed massive heroism where he lost 2/3 of his strength, and the regiment commander, Colonel Meshcheryakov, was seriously wounded, but the regiment completed the task.
Formation of the Transbaikal Cossack Army:
On March 17, 1851, Emperor Nicholas I approved the “Regulations on the ZKV” developed by N.N. Muravyov. According to the Regulations, Transbaikal residents were assigned to the Military Department. The newly formed army was created in the likeness of the Don Army. The army included:
1st; 2nd; 3rd and 4th Russian regiments, their formation received:
a) Zab. city kaz. regiment and Verkhneudinsk village Cossacks (1st regiment);
b) Border Russian Cossacks (2nd and 3rd regiments);
c) Tunguska regiment (4th regiment).
The 5th and 6th Buryat regiments, their formation received:
a) Ashebagatov and Tsongolov regiments (5th regiment);
b) Ataganov and Sortolov regiments (6th regiment).
June 21, 1851, the regulations on the foot battalions of the Transbaikal Cossack Army, consisting of 12 battalions, were approved by the highest authorities. Cossacks from former factory peasants were brought into the foot battalions, which significantly replenished the army.
Return of the Amur region to Russia.
1855, three alloys were carried out from Sretensk along the Shilka and Amur: 113 barges and 2,500 troops.
On October 3, 1855, the Transbaikal Cossacks repulsed an attempt to land an Anglo-French assault force in the Gulf of Castries. For his heroism and skillful actions, the police officer of the village of Purinsky, Mankechurskaya village, Pyotr Taskin, the first from the Transbaikal Cossack army to be awarded the Order of St. George.
On June 28, 1857, a horse artillery brigade was established under the Russian regiments, consisting of 2 horse batteries Nos. 23 and 24.
On December 8, 1858, the Highest Decree was issued on the formation of the Amur Cossack Army, mainly from the Transbaikal Cossacks. On May 26, 1869, the Ussuri Cossack Hundred was formed from hunters (volunteers) of the Transbaikal, Amur and lower ranks of the East Siberian linear battalions.
On December 24, 1896, the procedure for transforming the ZKV foot battalions into cavalry regiments was established.
The campaign of the Transbaikal Cossack army to China:
In June 1900, the Yihetuan (Boxer) uprising against foreign presence broke out in China.
On June 11, 1900, the mobilization of the Transbaikal Cossack Army was announced.
Zab. the Cossack army fielded a combat unit consisting exclusively of Cossacks
- 7 cavalry regiments of 6 hundred strength;
- 4 horse-mounted 4-gun batteries;
- 4 foot battalions of 5 hundred strength;
- 2nd spare hundreds.
69.9% of the Cossacks fit for service (first-priority and those called up from benefits) were mobilized. Except for the 2nd Chita Regiment, which was entrusted with rear service within the Transbaikal region, all units were distributed among the detachments operating in Manchuria. Transbaikal Cossacks distinguished themselves during the capture of Beijing.
In July 1901, all preferential units participating in the campaign in China were demobilized.
Awards of the Transbaikal Cossack Army for the Chinese Campaign:
February 19, 1903, The highest grant:
- Simple Military Banner - Transbaikal Cossack Army.
- Insignia for headdresses:
“For distinction against the Chinese in 1900” - to the 4th and 6th Transbaikal Cossack battalions, the 1st and 5th hundreds of the 1st Verkhneudinsk regiment and the 2nd Transbaikal Cossack battery.
“For distinction in Northern Manchuria in 1900” - 3rd Verkhneud. shelf.
“For Beitsang and Beijing in 1900” - to the 3rd hundred of the 1st Chita Regiment.
- St. George's silver pipes:
“For Eyur, Khingan and Tsitsihar in 1900” - to the 1st and 2nd hundreds of the 1st Nerchinsky Regiment.
“For distinction in Northern Manchuria in 1900” - to the 1st, 2nd and 4th hundreds of the 1st Argun Regiment.
“For Shahe and Mukden in 1900” - to the 1st Transbaikal Cossack battery.
On June 2, 1904, the Ataman Insect was granted to the Army by the Highest.
Participation of the Transbaikal Cossack army in the Russo-Japanese War.
From February 9, 1904 to August 23, 1905, the Transbaikal Cossack Army took part in the war with Japan in full force. http://video.mail.ru/list/lala333/397/#video=/list/lala333/397/413

Incentives Zab. Cossack army for distinction in the Russo-Japanese War.
On July 14, 1906, service was established in the Transbaikal Fifty Guards as part of the 4th (consolidated) hundred of the Life Guards Consolidated Cossack regiment.
Highest honors:
- St. George's banners,
“For distinction in the war with Japan in 1904 and 1905” - to the 1st Verkhneudinsk and 1st Chita regiments.
- insignia for headdresses, “For distinction in the war with Japan in 1904 and 1905” - to the 1st, 3rd and 4th Transbaikal Cossack batteries.
August 29, 1906, The following were granted the highest honors:
- St. George's silver trumpet, “For the Beydalinsky pass from February 16 to 23, 1905” - to the 2nd Transbaikal Cossack battery.
February 8, 1907, The following were granted the highest honors:
- insignia for headdresses, “For distinction in the war with Japan in 1904 and 1905” - to the 2nd Chita Regiment.
June 8, 1907, The following were granted the highest honors:
- St. George's silver trumpet, “For Port Arthur in 1904” - to the 4th hundred of the 1st Verkhneudinsk regiment.
- insignia for headdresses, “For the campaign in Korea in 1904 and 1905” - to the 1st Nerchinsky Regiment.
On December 6, 1908, in commemoration of the Royal favor and as a reward for faithful and zealous service, both in war and peace, the lower ranks of combat units were granted single white buttonholes on the collars and cuffs of their uniforms.
On May 6, 1910, HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS HEIR TSESAREVICH ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH was appointed chief of the 1st Transbaikal Cossack Battery NAMED AFTER HIS NAME.
April 2, 1911, 4th (consolidated) hundred of the Leningrad Guards. The Consolidated Cossack Regiment was named the 4th Amur Hundred of the Leningrad Guards. Consolidated Cossack Regiment.
July 30, 1911, The following were granted the highest honors:
- insignia for headdresses, “For distinction in the war with Japan in 1904 and 1905” - to the 1st and 2nd Argun, 2nd Nerchinsk and Verkhneudinsk regiments.
Participation of the Transbaikal Cossack army in its entirety in the Great (1st World) War.
On July 19, 1914, the mobilization of the Transbaikal Cossack Army began in accordance with the mobilization schedule of 1910.
On September 1, 1914, the 1st separate Transbaikal brigade set out on a campaign to the theater of military operations.
On November 30, 1914, the 1st Transbaikal brigade received the gratitude of the Sovereign for the excellent actions of the Cossacks; for every hundred of the brigade, 5 Crosses of St. George were awarded by the Highest.
On December 15, 1915, the 1st separate Transbaikal brigade was reorganized into the 1st Transbaikal Cossack division.
By the end of 1915, all the regiments of the Transbaikal Kaz. the troops were at war.
On the Western Front:
- 1st Chita Cossack Regiment;
- 1st Verkhneudinsk Cossack Regiment;
- 1st Argun Cossack Regiment;
- 2nd Verkhneudinsk Cossack Regiment;
- 1st Nerchinsk Cossack Regiment (as part of the Ussuri Cossack Brigade);
- 1st Transbaikal Cossack artillery battery;
- 3rd Transbaikal Cossack artillery battery;
- Fifty Guards L.-Gv. Consolidated Cossack Regiment.
On the Caucasian front:
- 2nd Chita Cossack Regiment;
- 2nd Argun Cossack Regiment;
- 2nd Nerchinsk Cossack Regiment;
- 3rd Verkhneudinsk Cossack Regiment;
- 2nd Transbaikal Cossack artillery battery;
- 4th Transbaikal Cossack artillery battery.
Of the 54 Cossack hundreds, the 2nd Caucasian Separate Cavalry Corps, 24 were Transbaikal.
On January 15, 1916, in Bobruisk, Sovereign Nicholas II held a review of the 1st Transbaikal Cossack Division.
On November 18, 1916, the Transbaikal Cossacks were awarded crosses on behalf of the Sovereign at the rate of 5 St. George's crosses per hundred and 5 for other teams.
On February 27, 1917, the February Revolution occurred. Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of the future Constituent Assembly.
On March 12, 1917, the 1st Transbaikal Cossack Division took the oath of allegiance to the Provisional Government.
On June 27, 1917, the 1st Transbaikal Cossack Division, the Commander of the 11th Army, was thanked for the unanimous decision to join the strike group of troops (shock fighters are volunteers who are the first to go into battle).
On the night of October 25-26, 1917, in Petrograd, the “Bolsheviks” led by Lenin and Trotsky came to power through a coup. Having abolished the Russian Army, the Soviets began to create the Red Guard, a civil war army capable of sacrificing its people for the triumph of the "World Revolution".
December 1917, the 1st Transbaikal Cossack Division, after the Bolsheviks concluded the Brest-Litovsk Armistice, went to Transbaikalia.
Stages of the Cossacks’ struggle for the preservation of the Transbaikal Cossack army.
April 16, 1917 in Chita on 1st Congress the rural population of the Trans-Baikal region, several delegates from the rear units, teachers and agronomists adopted a resolution “ON THE ABOLITION OF THE COSSACK CLASS.”
In May 1917, in response to the decision of the congress of the rural population of the Trans-Baikal region “On the abolition of the ZKV”, all front-line Trans-Baikal Cossack units telegraphed: “THE TRANS-BAIKAL COSSACK ARMY WILL BE.”
On August 18, 1917, the 2nd congress took place in Chita, which overturned the decision of the congress of the rural population and decided to “RESTORE THE TRANSBAIKAL COSSACK ARMY.”
On January 9, 1918 (hereinafter the dates are given in the new style), Esaul Semyonov, in order to fight the usurpers of power in Russia - the Bolsheviks, organized a volunteer, Special Manchurian Detachment (SMO). The backbone of the OMO were the Transbaikal Cossacks, the ataman was Grigory Mikhailovich Semyonov, a Cossack of the Kuranzhinsky guard of the Durulguevsky village of the II Military Department of the ZKV.
On March 17, 1918, the “Cossack” section of the III Congress of Soviets of the Trans-Baikal Region adopted another decision “ON THE LIQUIDATION OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL COSSACK ARMY”.
January 24, 1919, signed “Yashka the Damned” Y.M. Sverdlov, a secret directive of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) “ON RECOVERY” was issued, which demanded that Soviet workers and the command of the Red Army destroy the Cossacks as such.
On March 26, 1920, in Chita, the Great Circle of the Transbaikal Cossack Army (IV Congress) adopted a resolution: “ON THE PRESERVATION OF THE TRANSBAIKAL COSSACK ARMY.”
In November 1920, active supporters of the preservation of the Transbaikal Cossacks, under pressure from the superior forces of the 5th Red Army and the Red Partisans, left their homeland and settled in Northern Manchuria. In the region of the Chinese Three Rivers, the Cossacks lived according to their customs, preserving the faith and Cossack self-government for 25 years. They founded 19 villages. They formed the “Union of Cossacks in the Far East”.
In 1936, in Irkutsk, the authorities held a Congress of Transbaikal Cossacks, where, under pressure from former Red partisans, a decision was made: “THE QUESTION OF RESTORING THE ZKV IS WITHDRAWN FROM DISCUSSION.”
Results:
From 1945 to 1957, the Cossack population of Three Rivers was partially destroyed Soviet intelligence services, partially emigrated to third countries, and the rest were resettled in remote regions of the USSR. In the Union, children of Cossack repatriates could not receive higher education and get a prestigious job, excluding the descendants of Cheka-NKVD agents who worked in China under the guise of Cossacks.
After the civil war, the moral terror of the population of Transbaikalia did not stop. Until the end of the 1980s, through means mass media, cinema and pseudo-historical literature, through distortion of facts and manipulation, the authorities discredited all Cossacks, and especially Cossack self-government. These and other facts objectively indicate the existence of a well-coordinated course to continue the policy of decossackization.
The total discrediting of everything Cossack continues to this day and, unfortunately, will only intensify because its reason is not in the past, but in the future, in the terrible prospect for the new owners, the forced return of their self-government, lands and property to the Cossack communities.
August 30, 1946, in Moscow, for refusing to recognize the legality Soviet power The last representatives of the pre-revolutionary Transbaikal Cossack self-government and officers were executed. Grigory Mikhailovich Semyonov, chosen by the Military Circle, the Marching Ataman of the Transbaikal, Amur and Ussuri Cossack troops, was hanged.
On November 16 - 17, 1990, the Founding Circle of Cossack Descendants took place in Chita and adopted the resolution “ON THE REVIVAL OF THE TRANSBAIKAL COSSACKS.”
On February 12, 1997, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 96, the Trans-Baikal Military Cossack Society was included in the State Register of Cossack Societies of the Russian Federation.
On December 5, 2005, the Law of the Russian Federation “On public service Russian Cossacks".
Yesaul BYLKOV S.V.

The first state awards of the Daurian (Trans-Baikal) Cossacks.

The beginning of government incentives for our ancestors - the Transbaikal Cossacks, was laid by the difficult and heroic period of securing Dauria to the Moscow kingdom.

The very first mass award in history of the future Transbaikal, and at that time Yenisei Cossacks, took place in 1654. For the initiative and efficiency shown in preparing for the campaign to Dauria, the following were awarded: "award gold" - Yenisei governor Afanasy Filippovich Pashkov, "Golden Novgorod" - his son Eremey. By "Golden Moscow" received - 97 bailiffs from the Cossacks and other service people involved in organizing the construction of ships. (Ogloblin N.N., 1900, p. 344).

The second awarding of the Daurian Cossacks was carried out based on the results Daurian War 1655-1689 (S.B.).

On February 7, 1690, the steward and colonel Ivan Isaevich Skripitsin arrived in Udinsk (Verkhneudinsk, Ulan-Ude since 1934) with awards. The government of Princess Sophia noted the successes of the Russian troops achieved in Transbaikalia and the Amur region. The coins specially made by the order of the Great Treasury had different sizes and were awarded according to the hierarchy of applicants for the award. First Ambassador F.A. Golovin received "eight gold gold" , second ambassador I.E. Vlasov - "six gold" , clerk S. Kornitsky - "one gold" , colonels: F. Skripitsin, P. Grabov, A. Shmalenberg - by “one and a half gold coins” each, eight stewards and solicitors, as well as Prince Pavel Gantimurov received "single gold" , 24 majors, captains, lieutenants, warrant officers and Siberian boyar children - by "one gold in half gold" , 420 Moscow archers and armored soldiers were assigned "golden penny" .

Albazin siege men and 1,484 Siberian service Cossacks received each "golden penny" , and the 60 Albazians who survived the siege from beginning to end were given another 4 arshins of cloth (Spassky I.G., 1961, p. 130; RKO, 1972, vol. 2, p. 787).

The negative influence of localism, which then existed in the Muscovite kingdom, was especially evident in the distribution of awards. Many who received higher awards only arrived in Transbaikalia and did not even have time to take part in hostilities. The Cossacks lived in war conditions for 34 years. They were the first to meet the enemy, often dying in battles, from hunger and disease in besieged forts. However, the government awarded them the lowest honors.

This selectivity can also be explained by the fact that Princess Sophia cajoled those who could be useful to her in the upcoming struggle for the Moscow throne. The troops returning to Moscow from a long trip were precisely such a contingent. The Cossacks remained to guard the distant borders of the Russian state, and therefore did not have any significance in the eyes of the rulers who were always squabbling for power.

Bylkov S.V.

Coat of arms

Description of the coat of arms of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society.

In the golden field, under the azure belt supporting the scarlet head, there is a scarlet dragon walking to the left, struck by two bunches of scarlet lightning emanating from the belt, three in each. In the chapter - the emerging golden double headed eagle- main figure State emblem Russian Federation. Behind the shield, in an oblique cross, are golden ataman incisions, intertwined with a gold ribbon with a narrow silver border.

The coat of arms of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society can be made in a single-color image.

It is allowed to use a shield with figures located on it as a small coat of arms of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society.

Banner of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Description of the banner of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society.

The banner of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society (hereinafter referred to as the banner) consists of a double-sided panel, a pole, a pommel, a bracket, a thread and banner nails. The set with the banner may also include a pantaler and a banner case .

The banner is rectangular, green, with a border orange color. The banner's panel and border are trimmed with silver braid. Along the sides of the panel, in a frame, there is a silver wicker ornament. Silver stars are embroidered along the border of the cloth.

On the front side of the banner, in the center, is embroidered a one-color silver image of the main figure of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation: a double-headed eagle with its wings raised. The eagle is crowned with two small crowns and above them - one large crown, connected by a ribbon. In the eagle's right paw is a scepter, in the left is an orb. On the eagle's chest, in a shield, is a rider in a cloak, striking with a spear a dragon overturned and trampled by a horse. At the top of the frame is the inscription “FOR THE GLORY OF THE FATHERLAND.” The inscription is made in silver letters, stylized as an Old Slavonic font.

On the reverse side of the cloth, in the center, is the coat of arms of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society.

The width of the panel is 110 cm, the length is 130 cm, with a reserve of orange fabric for attaching to the shaft.

The flag pole is wooden, round in cross-section, painted black color. The shaft diameter is 4.5 cm, length is 250 cm.

Bracket - in the form of a rectangular plate silver metal, on which the inscription “Trans-Baikal Military Cossack Society” and the date of presentation of the banner are engraved.

The pommel is metal, silver, in the form of a slotted spear with a relief image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation.

The inflow is metallic, silver, in the form of a truncated cone, 9 cm high.

The heads of the banner nails are silver.

Flag Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Description of the flag of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Flag The Transbaikal Military Cossack Society is a green rectangular panel with a yellow-orange border.

In the center of the flag is the coat of arms of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society.

The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is two to three. The ratio of the width of the border to the width of the flag is one to fourteen.

Banner of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Resolution of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus' in a letter from Bishop Kirill of Pavlovo-Posad, Chairman of the Synodal Committee for Interaction with the Cossacks:

“VII.30.2010 The production and inscription of banners for military Cossack societies of the Russian Federation is blessed”

Chevrons Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Uniform of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Dress uniform of the Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

DRESS
members of Cossack societies included in the state register

I. General subjects uniforms of members of Cossack societies included in State Register Cossack societies in the Russian Federation
1. Papakha from sheepskin (for Cossack generals and Cossack colonels - from karakul) black, with a top of the established colors (for Cossack generals - with lining above the band and along the seams of the top of the hat with a cross-shaped silver braid of special weaving, for senior and main ranks - with lining along the seams of the top of the hat with a cross-shaped silver braid of a special weaving).
2. A woolen cap of the established colors, with piping and a band of the established colors, with a black strap.
3. A woolen cap in the established colors for Cossack generals, with piping and a band in the established colors, with a braided silver cord.
4. Camping cap in khaki color.
5. Gray-yellow woolen cap (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies).
6. Removable collar made of sheepskin (for Cossack generals and Cossack colonels - from astrakhan fur) black.
7. Coat woolen (for seniors, chiefs and senior officials, except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) light gray, with buttonholes and piping in established colors, with shoulder straps.
8. Coat woolen for Cossack generals dark blue(for Cossack generals of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies - black), with buttonholes and piping of the established colors, with shoulder straps.
9. Single-breasted gray woolen overcoat (for lower and junior ranks, except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies), with buttonholes and shoulder straps of the established colors.
10. Jacket demi-season of the established color, with buttonholes and shoulder straps of the established colors, with insulated lining.
11. A woolen uniform of established colors, with buttonholes, piping and shoulder straps of established colors (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies), with a standing collar (for Cossack generals - trimmed with silver braid of special weaving).
12. Jacket woolen in established colors, with buttonholes, piping and shoulder straps in established colors.
13. Woolen trousers of established colors, with stripes (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) of established colors.
14. Trousers woolen ones of established colors, with stripes (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) of established colors.
15. Trousers woolen set colors, in boots, with stripes (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) of the established colors.
16. Shirt white, with shoulder straps.
17. Shirt established color, with shoulder straps.
18. Tie set color, with silver setting.
19. Costume winter hiking jacket in khaki color, with a black fur collar and shoulder straps.
20. Costume summer marching khaki color, with shoulder straps.
21. White muffler (for senior, chief and highest ranks).
22. Muffler of the established color.
23. Scarf-belt woven with silver (for Cossack generals).
24. Silver woven scarf-belt (for senior and chief ranks).
25. Aiguillette silver color.
26. Waist belt Brown(except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies).
27. Black frog on a silver sling.
28. Boots black color.
29. Boots or low shoes black color.
30. High top boots black color.
31. Socks black color.
32. Gloves black color.
33. Gloves white.
34. Cape khaki.
35. On the uniform of members of Cossack societies included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation, state awards, insignia and insignia established in the prescribed manner are worn.
II. Features of the uniform of members of Cossack societies included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation
1. Members of the military Cossack society "The Great Don Army" and the Volga military Cossack society wear:
jacket woolen, woolen trousers, trousers woolen, trousers woolen in boots , tie and a muffler - blue, a shirt - light blue.
2. Members of the Yenisei, Transbaikal, Irkutsk, Orenburg, Siberian and Ussuri military Cossack societies wear:
a woolen cap, a demi-season jacket, a woolen uniform, jacket woolen, tie and mufflers - dark green, woolen trousers, trousers woolen, trousers woolen in boots- blue, shirt - light green.
3. Bands and piping on woolen caps, piping on woolen uniforms and woolen jackets, stripes (for Cossack generals - stripes and piping) on woolen trousers, woolen trousers and woolen trousers in boots :
members of the military Cossack society "The Great Don Army", Volga, Yenisei and Siberian military Cossack societies - red;
members of the Transbaikal, Irkutsk and Ussuri military Cossack societies - yellow-orange;
members of the Orenburg Military Cossack Society - red-crimson.
boots
4. Buttonholes on coat woolen, woolen overcoat, demi-season jacket, woolen uniform and woolen tunic:
members of the military Cossack society "The Great Don Army" - blue with red edging;
members of the Volga, Yenisei and Siberian military Cossack societies - red;
members of the Transbaikal and Irkutsk military Cossack societies - yellow-orange;
members of the Ussuri Military Cossack Society - yellow-orange with green edging;
members of the Orenburg Military Cossack Society - light blue.
5. Members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies wear:
a woolen cap, a woolen Circassian cap, jacket woolen, demi-season jacket, woolen trousers, trousers woolen, trousers woolen in boots , tie and a muffler - black, a wool beshmet, an insulated beshmet - red, a shirt - light blue.
6. Bashlyk, top of the hat, band and piping on woolen caps, buttonholes and piping on woolen jackets, buttonholes on demi-season jackets, piping on woolen trousers, woolen trousers and woolen trousers in boots :
members of the Kuban Military Cossack Society - red;
members of the Terek Military Cossack Society - light blue.
Stripes and piping on woolen trousers, woolen trousers and woolen trousers in boots Cossack generals have established colors.

INSIGNIA
according to the ranks of members of Cossack societies included in
state register of Cossack societies
In Russian federation

1. Insignia by rank of members of Cossack societies included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation (hereinafter - insignia) are shoulder straps with embroidered and metal five-rayed stars of golden or khaki color, with silver (white) stripes.
2. The sizes of stars and stripes on shoulder straps are:
a) the diameter of the five-pointed stars placed on the shoulder straps is 13 mm;
b) the width of wide stripes placed on shoulder straps is 30 mm;
c) the width of narrow stripes placed on shoulder straps is 10 mm.
3. Members of military Cossack societies wear rectangular shoulder straps two types:
a) with trapezoidal (for senior, chief, senior ranks, senior sergeants and sergeants) and triangular upper edges (for junior sergeants and lower ranks), with fields made of galun of a special weave in silver color or the color of the clothing fabric or from cloth of established colors or colors clothing fabrics, without piping or with piping in established colors. Shoulder straps senior and main ranks have gaps of established colors: for Cossack colonels and military foremen - two gaps, for esauls and senior ranks - one gap. Shoulder straps lower and junior ranks have a field of established colors, without edging or with edging of established colors;
b) from clothing fabric.
4. Insignia :
a) Cossack general - shoulder straps with two stars placed on both sides of the longitudinal center line shoulder strap;
b) Cossack colonel - shoulder straps with two gaps without stars;
c) military foreman - shoulder straps
d) esaula - shoulder straps with one skylight without stars;
d) drove up - shoulder straps with four stars, of which the two lower stars are located on both sides in the middle, between the longitudinal center line and the edge of the shoulder strap, the third and fourth stars - above the first two - on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
f) centurion - shoulder straps with three stars, of which the two lower stars are located on both sides in the middle, between the longitudinal center line and the edge of the shoulder strap, the third star - above the first two - on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
g) cornet - shoulder straps with two stars located on both sides in the middle, between the longitudinal center line and the edge of the shoulder strap;
h) servant - shoulder straps with one star located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
i) senior sergeant - shoulder straps established color, with a narrow braid of a special weave of silver (on a field uniform - white) color, with three stars located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
j) sergeant - shoulder straps established color, with a narrow braid of a special weave of silver (on a field uniform - white) color, with two stars located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
l) junior sergeant - shoulder straps a set color, with a narrow braid of a special silver weave (on a field uniform - white) color;
m) senior officer - shoulder straps with one wide transverse stripe;
n) police officer - shoulder straps with three narrow transverse stripes;
o) junior officer - shoulder straps with two narrow transverse stripes;
o) clerk - shoulder straps with one narrow transverse stripe;
p) Cossack - shoulder straps with a field of established colors or clothing colors, without stripes.
5. Shoulder straps members of Cossack societies have color differences:
a) field shoulder strap lower and junior ranks: military Cossack society "All Great Don Army" - blue with red edging; Volga, Yenisei, Kuban and Siberian military Cossack societies - red; Transbaikal and Irkutsk military Cossack societies - yellow-orange; Ussuri Military Cossack Society - yellow-orange with green edging; Orenburg and Terek military Cossack societies - light blue;
b) edgings on the shoulder straps of senior, main and highest ranks: the military Cossack society "All Great Don Army" - blue and red; Volga, Yenisei, Kuban and Siberian military Cossack societies - red; Transbaikal and Irkutsk military Cossack societies - yellow-orange; Ussuri Military Cossack Society - green; Orenburg and Terek military Cossack societies - light blue;
c) gaps on the shoulder straps of senior and main ranks: the military Cossack society "All Great Don Army" - blue; Volga, Yenisei, Kuban and Siberian military Cossack societies - red; Transbaikal, Irkutsk and Ussuri military Cossack societies - yellow-orange; Orenburg and Terek military Cossack societies - light blue.

DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In accordance with Federal law dated December 5, 2005 No. 154-FZ "On public service Russian Cossacks"I decree:
1. Approve the attached:
a) Regulations on the Cossack certificate issued to members of Cossack societies included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation;
b) a sample Cossack identification form issued to members of Cossack societies included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.
2. Establish that:
a) replacement of previously issued Cossack certificates with certificates of a new type is carried out within two years;
b) persons accepted as members of Cossack societies after the entry into force of this Decree are issued Cossack certificates of a new type;
c) the production of Cossack certificates is carried out at the expense of Cossack societies included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.
3. This Decree comes into force on the date of its official publication.

POSITION
On the Cossack ID issued to members
Cossack societies included in the state
register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation

1. A Cossack certificate is the main document confirming membership in a Cossack society entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Cossack society), rank and position held in the Cossack society.
2. Cossack identification forms are prepared and filled out in Russian according to the approved model, uniform for the Russian Federation.
3. A Cossack ID is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation if you have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation or another document identifying the citizen of the Russian Federation.
4. The Cossack certificate is issued for a period of five years with extension for subsequent 5-year periods.
5. The following information is entered into the Cossack’s certificate:
a) the name of the Cossack society;
b) last name, first name, patronymic, date and place of birth;
c) a note on the assignment of ranks;
d) position held in Cossack society;
e) attitude towards military service;
f) special marks (participation in hostilities);
g) availability mark state awards;
h) a note about the presence of other awards and badges;
i) a note about the presence of weapons;
j) a note on the extension of the validity period of the Cossack certificate.
6. The Cossack certificate is issued by the board of the military and (or) district (department) Cossack society.
7. The owner of a Cossack ID is responsible for its safety. For loss, damage, careless storage and transfer to other persons of a Cossack identity card, the perpetrator is held accountable in accordance with the charters of Cossack societies.
8. The Cossack certificate must be surrendered when it is replaced or when its owner is excluded from members of the Cossack society.
9. Cossack identity forms are strictly accountable documents.

SAMPLE
Cossack ID form issued to members of the Cossacks
companies included in the state register
Cossack societies in the Russian Federation

Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Transbaikal Cossacks or Transbaikal Cossack army- irregular army in the 17th-20th centuries in the Russian Empire, on the territory of Transbaikalia. The military headquarters is in Chita.

The army was formed as an independent army in 1851.

The Transbaikal Cossacks especially distinguished themselves during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. They also actively participated in the First World War.

Revival of ZVKO in modern Russia started in 1990. On March 11, 1997, the army was included in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.

Today it operates in the Siberian Federal District.

Organizationally, it includes 3 separate Cossack societies: Aginskoye, Verkhneudinskoye, Chita.

The headquarters of the ZVKO is located in Chita.

Seniority since 20 August 1655. Military holiday and military circle - March 17, the day of St. Alexy, the man of God.

Story

The troop badge was approved on October 31, 1914 and is a yellow horseshoe. At the bottom of the horseshoe - red dragon, pine branches on the sides. Inside the horseshoe there is a palisade, a river, a double-headed eagle with St. George in the breast shield. In the eagle's claws is a bow with the dates "1655-1913", under the bow are the monograms of Tsars Alexei Mikhailovich and Nicholas II.

Coat of arms of the Transbaikal Cossack Army until 2010

The backbone of the Transbaikal Cossacks was service people, typed into the Cossack service, which appeared in Transbaikalia around 1639. In 1654, the Cossacks of Peter Beketov founded Nerchinsk. Based on the model of the Cossack army, the Buryats (4 regiments) and Tungus (500 people - 1 regiment) were organized, which later merged with the Cossacks. A distinctive feature of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks was the fact that, along with Orthodoxy, some of them (mainly of Buryat origin) professed Buddhism. Yaik and Trans-Baikal Cossacks, as well as anti-Bolshevik Jews.

Zabaikalskoe Cossack army was formed on March 17, 1851 by order of Emperor Nicholas I, at the suggestion of the Governor General Eastern Siberia N.N. Muravyov-Amursky, in the territory of Transbaikalia from part of the Siberian Cossacks, Buryats, Evenk military formations and the peasant population of some areas, consisting of three cavalry regiments and three foot brigades (1st, 2nd, 3rd Russian regiments, 4th Tungus (Evenki) regiment and 5th, 6th Buryat regiments). The army guarded the border with China and carried out internal service.

In 1854, Transbaikal Cossacks carried out Amur rafting and founded border posts along the border with China. In 1858, the Amur Army was separated from the Transbaikal Army. Cossack army .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Transbaikal Cossacks fielded one fifty guards, 4 cavalry regiments and two batteries in peacetime; In the First World War, one guards fifty, 9 cavalry regiments, 4 batteries and three spare hundreds were deployed.

The army took part in the suppression of the Yihetuan uprising of 1899-1901 in China, in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 and the First World War. In 1916, the population of the Transbaikal Cossack Army was 265 thousand people, of which 14.5 thousand were in military service.

During the Civil War, part of the Cossacks actively fought against the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Ataman G.M. Semenov and Baron Ungern. Some Cossacks supported the Reds.

In 1920, the Transbaikal army, like other Cossack troops in Soviet Russia, was liquidated. After the defeat of Semenov, approximately 15% of the Cossacks, together with their families, went to Manchuria, where they settled, creating their own villages (Trekhrechye). In China, they initially harassed the Soviet border with raids, and then closed themselves off and lived their own way of life until 1945 (the offensive of the Soviet Army). Then some of them emigrated to Australia (Queensland)

Education

In 1859, the Russian-Mongolian military school was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Transbaikal Cossack Army. In addition to this school, the army maintained: regimental, battalion and village schools.

In 1872, according to official data, there were:

6 regimental schools (including Russian-Mongolian);
12 battalion schools (Kaidalovskaya, Shelopuginskaya, Krasnoyarsk, Doninskaya, Argunskaya, Sretenskaya, Lomovskaya, Undinskaya, Novotroitskaya, Torginskaya, Kudarinskaya, Kharatsayskaya);
about 200 village schools.

Regimental schools were maintained at the expense of the district quartermaster's office. Battalion schools were maintained at the expense of the military administration, which annually allocated 1,165 rubles, 44 kopecks for the maintenance of 12 schools. The 10 poorest students of battalion schools were allocated 8 rubles each. Students who graduated from village schools entered regimental and battalion schools. Village schools were maintained by the parents of the students, or by all residents of the village.

By order State Council, Supremely approved on May 31, 1872, regimental and battalion schools were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Education A. Linkov From the history of public education in the Transbaikal region until 1872 // Siberian Archives. Journal of Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Siberia. – Minusinsk, No. 3-4, December 1914, pp. 166-174.

Zabaikalsky Cossack with the banner of the 1st Argun Regiment of the Transbaikal Cossack Army. Late XIX century.

Modernity

In the era Soviet Perestroika The revival of the Transbaikal Cossacks began. In 1990, the Great Cossack Circle was convened in Moscow, at which, among others, a decision was made to recreate the Transbaikal Cossack Army History of the Transbaikal Cossacks according to rare publications from the funds regional library them. A. S. Pushkin.

In 1991, the song and dance ensemble “Transbaikal Cossacks” was formed

In 2010, in Chita, he was elected ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Army Sergei Bobrov

On March 30, 2014, the Deputy Prime Minister was elected ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Army Trans-Baikal Territory Gennady Chupin.

Structure

The regiments were named after the central settlement: Argunsky, Verkhneudinsky, Chitinsky, Nerchinsky Transbaikal Cossack Army

By order of the ataman of the Western Cossack Military District S.G. Bobrov, in June 2011, the Separate Cossack Society “Australian Ambassadorial Department” was formed in Australia from among the diaspora of descendants of Cossack settlers from Transbaikalia. The main activity of the society is the development of friendship and cooperation between peoples; strengthening ties with the Cossacks abroad; cultural, spiritual and moral education youth, preservation and development of Cossack traditions and customs abroad.

Aginsk Separate Cossack Society
Verkhneudinsk branch Cossack society
Chita Separate Cossack Society

Banner

The banner of the Transbaikal Cossack Army was a cloth of military colors with the image of the face of the Savior Not Made by Hands. The banner bore the inscription: “God is with us.”

February 19, 1903 for exploits shown during the campaign in China in 1900-1901, the Transbaikal Cossack Army was granted a simple military banner. The panel is dark green, the border is yellow, the embroidery is silver, the icon is the Savior Not Made by Hands.

The seniority of the Transbaikal army was established in 1655, the date of the issuance of the royal charter to Afanasy Pashkov and his son Eremey for “Sovereign service in the new Daurian land.” In 1755, the Yakut Cossack Regiment was created. In 1851, the Transbaikal Army was officially formed. In 1852, the schedule of army units was approved: 12 foot battalions and 6 cavalry regiments.

On December 6, 1852, Emperor Nicholas I granted banners to "four Russian cavalry regiments No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 and twelve foot battalions No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of that [Trans-Baikal] army."

Transbaikal Cossacks kept 33 historical banners. One of them, the Guards Banner of the 1st Chita Regiment with the inscription “For distinction in battles with Japan in 1904 and 1905,” is now kept in the Chita Museum of Local Lore.

Banner of the Transbaikal Cossack Army mod. 1891 (obverse)

Banner of the Transbaikal Cossack Army mod. 1891 (reverse)

Colors

Transbaikal Cossacks traditionally wore yellow stripes, shoulder straps, the top of a hat, overcoat flaps and cap bands, and a dark green uniform and chekmen, the colors of the Cossack troops of Russia.

Color of shoulder strap, stripe and band caps was determined by whether he served in a cavalry regiment or artillery battery Cossack. Regimental shoulder straps were yellow, “battery” ones were red. So the Cossacks who served on Batareinaya Hill in the city of Verkhneudinsk wore red stripes and bands.

Pre-revolutionary uniform of the Cossacks of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

Cossack 1st Chita Cossack Regiment of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

Service uniform of the Transbaikal Cossack Army (winter)

Sergeant

Uryadnik Transbaikal Cossack Army in service uniform (overcoat and hat)

Cossack Transbaikal Cossack Army in service uniform (overcoat and hat)

Marching uniform of the foot battalions of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

Chief officer of the foot battalions of the Transbaikal Cossack Army in marching uniform

Cossack foot battalions of the Transbaikal Cossack Army in marching uniform

Pirate K.K. Foot battalions of the Transbaikal Cossack army and cavalry: Irkutsk and Yenisei Cossack regiments, 1867.

1 and 2) Chief Officers: Orenburg and Semirechensk troops, 3) Uryadnik Transbaikal army and 4) Private Amur army. 1892

Cossack with the banner of the 1st Nerchinsky E.I.V. Heir to the Tsarevich Regiment of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

Military badge Transbaikal Cossack Army .
Approved on October 31, 1914 in memory of the 250th anniversary of the army.
The badge is an elongated yellow enamel horseshoe with gold edges. On a horseshoe
below are shown red a wriggling dragon, and on the sides - pine branches.
Inside the horseshoe, at the bottom, there is a palisade, and under it, along the edge of the horseshoe -
wriggling narrow blue stripe At the top of the horseshoe - double-headed
black and brown eagle with outstretched wings resting on the sides
sides of the horseshoe. The eagle's heads are crowned with an imperial crown, a shield is placed on the chest, on the white field of which there is an image
St. George the Victorious on horseback, slaying a dragon with a spear. From under the wings of an eagle
golden arrows descend in the form of lightning. In the eagle's paws there is a bow made of yellow ribbon, on
the ends of which are the dates: on the left - “1655” (the year of seniority of the Transbaikal Cossack
troops), on the right - “1913” (year of awarding seniority). Alexey's monograms are placed under the bow
Mikhailovich and Nicholas II.

After the start of the revival, that is, in the 90s of the last century and later, new examples of the sign of the Transbaikal Cossacks appeared.