RUSSIA
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is the highest state award of the Russian Federation. Restored by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 757 of July 1, 1998 “On the restoration of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called”
1. Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(November 28, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire - September 30, 1999, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) - Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural critic, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (until 1991 - USSR Academy of Sciences).
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 30, 1998 No. 1163 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to D. S. Likhachev”: For outstanding contribution to the development of national culture
2. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov(November 10, 1919, Kurya village, Altai province - December 23, 2013, Izhevsk) - Soviet and Russian designer of small arms, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1971), Lieutenant General (1999), creator of the world famous Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK)
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 7, 1998 No. 1202 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called Kalashnikov M. T.”: For outstanding contribution to the defense of the Fatherland
3. Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev(Kazakh Sound Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev; born July 6, 1940, Chemolgan village, Kaskelensky district, Alma-Ata region) - Kazakh statesman and political figure; the first and only president of the Kazakh SSR (1990-1991). First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan from December 10, 1991 to the present.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 12, 1998 No. 1212 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called N. A. Nazarbayev”: For his great personal contribution to strengthening friendship and cooperation between the peoples of Russia and Kazakhstan
4. Alexander Isaevich (Isaakievich) Solzhenitsyn(December 11, 1918, Kislovodsk - August 3, 2008, Moscow) - Soviet and Russian writer, playwright, publicist, poet, public and political figure who lived and worked in the USSR, Switzerland, USA and Russia. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1970). A dissident who for several decades (1960s - 1980s) actively opposed communist ideas, the political system of the USSR and the policies of its authorities.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 11, 1998 No. 1562 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to A. I. Solzhenitsyn”: For outstanding services to the Fatherland and great contribution to world literature
He refused to accept the award.
5. Alexy II(in the world - Alexey Mikhailovich Ridiger, Est. Aleksei Ridiger; February 23, 1929, Tallinn - December 5, 2008, Moscow) - bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church; since June 7, 1990 - Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 19, 1999 No. 203 “On awarding the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called Alexy II (A. M. Ridiger)”: For outstanding contribution to the spiritual and moral revival of Russia, the preservation of peace and harmony in society
6. Shumakov Valery Ivanovich(November 9, 1931, Moscow - January 27, 2008, Moscow) - an outstanding Soviet and Russian transplantologist and teacher. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1994) and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1988). Hero of Socialist Labor (1990). Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1971). Director of the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 3, 2001 No. 1271 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to V.I. Shumakov”:
7. Fazu Gamzatovna Alieva(born December 5, 1932, village of Ginichutl, Khunzakh district, Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) - Avar poetess, people's poet of Dagestan (1969). Editor-in-Chief of the magazine "Woman of Dagestan", Chairman of the Women's Union of Dagestan.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 11, 2002 No. 1400 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to F. G. Aliyeva”: For outstanding contribution to the development of Russian literature and high civic position
8. Heydar Alievich Aliev(Heydar Alirza ogly Aliyev, Azerbaijani Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev; May 10, 1923, Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR - December 12, 2003, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) - Soviet and Azerbaijani statesman, party and political figure. President of Azerbaijan from 1993 to 2003. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1979, 1983)
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 10, 2003 No. 521 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to G. A. Aliyev”: For his great personal contribution to strengthening friendship and cooperation between the peoples of Russia and Azerbaijan
9. Boris Vasilievich Petrovsky(June 14 (27), 1908, Essentuki, Terek region, Russian Empire - May 4, 2004, Moscow, Russian Federation) - a major Soviet and Russian surgeon, scientist and clinician; health care organizer and social activist. Honorary Director of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 4, 2003 No. 603 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to B.V. Petrovsky”: For outstanding achievements in the field of health and medical science
10. Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov(Avar. Rasul XIamzatov; September 8, 1923 - November 3, 2003) - Soviet and Russian poet, publicist and political figure. People's poet of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1959). Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1963) and the Stalin Prize of the third degree (1952). Chairman of the Board of the Writers' Union of Dagestan.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 8, 2003 No. 1040 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to R. G. Gamzatov”: For outstanding contribution to the development of Russian literature and active social activities
11. Lyudmila Georgievna Zykina(June 10, 1929, Moscow, USSR - July 1, 2009, Moscow, Russian Federation) - Soviet and Russian pop singer, performer of Russian folk songs, Russian romances, pop songs. Artistic director of the state cultural institution “State Academic Russian Folk Ensemble “Russia””, Moscow.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 12, 2004 No. 765 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to L. G. Zykina”: For outstanding contribution to the development of national culture and musical art
12. Irina Konstantinovna Arkhipova(January 2, 1925, Moscow, USSR - February 11, 2010, Moscow, Russian Federation) - Soviet and Russian opera singer (mezzo-soprano), teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1966). Hero of Socialist Labor (1984). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1978) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1996). President of the International Union of Musical Workers, Moscow.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 2, 2005 No. 1 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew to I. K. Arkhipova”: For outstanding contribution to the development of domestic and world musical culture, many years of creative and social activity
13. Sergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov(February 28, 1913, Moscow, Russian Empire - August 27, 2009, Moscow, Russian Federation) - Soviet Russian writer, poet, fabulist, playwright, war correspondent, author of the texts of the anthems of the Soviet Union and the anthem of the Russian Federation, chairman of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR. Chairman of the Executive Committee of the International Union of Public Associations "International Community of Writers' Unions", Moscow.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 13, 2008 No. 339 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called Mikhalkov S.V.”: For outstanding contribution to the development of domestic literature, many years of creative and social activity
14. Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin(real name - German; b. 1919) - Russian writer and public figure. Hero of Socialist Labor (1989). Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2005), laureate of the State Prize of the USSR and the State Prize of Russia, as well as the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art, the Prize of the Government of St. Petersburg in the field of literature, art and architecture, the Heine Prize and other awards. Chairman of the Board of the International Charitable Foundation named after. D. S. Likhacheva, St. Petersburg.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2008 No. 1864 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called Herman (Granin) D. A.”: For outstanding contribution to the development of domestic literature, many years of creative and social activity
15. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev(b. March 2, 1931, village of Privolnoye, North Caucasus Territory) - Soviet, Russian statesman, political and public figure. The last General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. The last Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, then the first Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The only President of the USSR.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 2, 2011 No. 257 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called to M. S. Gorbachev”: For his great personal contribution to strengthening peace and friendship between peoples and many years of fruitful public activity
16. Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu(Tuv. Sergei Kuzhuget oglu Shoigu, born May 21, 1955, Chadan, Tuva Autonomous Okrug) - Russian military officer and statesman, Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation since November 6, 2012. Army General (2003). Hero of the Russian Federation (1999). Chairman of the State Committee of the RSFSR and the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (1991-1994), Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (1994-2012), Governor of the Moscow Region ( 2012). Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Awarded in April 2014, decree number unknown.
On March twentieth, one thousand six hundred and ninety-nine, the secretary of the Austrian embassy in Russia, John Georg Korb, wrote in his diary:
"His Royal Majesty established the Cavalry Order of St.
Andrew the Apostle."Desk medal “In memory of the establishment of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. 1698" Medalist Samoilo Yudin. Copper; 64 mm; 112.22 g.
This is the earliest known mention of the first Russian order. Here Korb adds:
“His Royal Majesty granted the boyar Golovin the first holder of this order and gave him a sign of it. That evening the boyar showed this order to the imperial envoy (ambassador of the Austrian sovereign Leopold I, head of the Holy Roman Empire) and told him the contents of the Charter.”
Almost all modern information known to us reliably about the establishment of the Order of St. Andrey and limit themselves to this diary entry.
The first Russian order had as its main element the “sign” itself - a specially shaped cross covered in blue enamel in the form of the letter “X”, on which, according to legend, St. Andrew (St. Andrew's cross), with the image of the figure of the saint himself. This cross was worn on a wide blue ribbon over the right shoulder, and on special occasions - on a gold chain covered with multi-colored enamels on the chest.
The order included a star, originally sewn, with eight rays, with a round central medallion, which also contained an image of the St. Andrew's Cross (replaced under Paul by a double-headed eagle). There was an inscription around the circle - the motto of the order “For Faith and Loyalty”. This inscription commemorates the merits for which the award was given. In the earliest draft of the statute of the Order of St. Andrew, compiled with the direct participation of Peter the Great in 1720, states who and for what this award should be given:
"... as reward and reward to some for loyalty, courage and various services rendered to us and the fatherland, and to others to encourage all noble and heroic virtues; for nothing so much encourages and inflames human curiosity and love of glory as clear signs and visible reward for virtue."
The draft charter contains a special chapter “On Cavaliers”. It talks about what requirements are imposed on candidates for the cavaliers of this order. They must have the title of count or prince, the rank of senator, minister, ambassador “and other high dignities,” or the rank of general or admiral. The order could also be received by governors who “provided useful and faithful services for several years, or at least ten.” In addition, an indispensable condition was that the gentleman had no physical defects, was at least 25 years old, and had the condition necessary to “support the importance of this event.”
Foreigners could also become holders of the order, and the same requirements were imposed on them as on Russian candidates. At the same time, holders of the Order of St. Andrei could have been no more than 12 people, “natural Russian gentlemen”. This condition was carefully observed throughout the reign of Peter. Only in 1719 the number of Russian holders of the order was twelve (their number did not include foreigners in Russian service); in other years there were fewer. The total number of holders of the order (Russian and foreign) should not exceed twenty-four.
Fyodor Alekseevich Golovin became the first holder of the order. Being one of Peter's closest associates, even among them, extraordinary people, he stood out for his deep intelligence and outstanding military and diplomatic abilities. It was Golovin who concluded the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 - on the border of the Russian state with China. During Peter's first trip abroad, in 1697, he was busy organizing maritime affairs in Russia: he invited foreign officers and craftsmen, purchased the materials necessary for the construction of the fleet, and sent Russian students abroad. Upon returning to his fatherland, in 1698 he became the head of the newly created “Order of Military Naval Affairs.” At the same time, which is somewhat unusual even for the turbulent time of Peter the Great, he was also in charge of the Ambassadorial Prikaz. Golovin died in 1706, having the highest naval rank of admiral general (besides him, in the entire pre-revolutionary history of the state there were only six others who deserved this rank) and the land rank of field marshal general.
The second holder of the order was Hetman I.S. Mazepa, who received it on February 8, 1700 from the hands of Peter himself. After the news of Mazepa’s betrayal, the following action was carried out by order of the angry tsar: on November 9, 1708, as the Journal of Peter the Great reports, “... the person (mannequin) of this traitor Mazepa was carried out and, having removed the cavalry (insignia of the order), which that person was dressed with a bow, that person was thrown into the executioner’s hands, which the executioner took and attached to a rope, dragged along the street and across the square even to the gallows and then hanged.” Mazepa managed to escape the well-deserved punishment for betrayal, and the matter was limited to hanging the traitor’s dummy.
The remaining 38 gentlemen of this order, awarded during the reign of Peter (including the Wallachian ruler Constantin Brincoveanu, who received this award secretly for his sympathies towards Russia, who was not even included in the official lists of those awarded), turned out to be more worthy of this distinction. Peter himself was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the seventh, in 1703, for a specific military success - leadership in the capture of two Swedish warships at the mouth of the Neva. The insignia of the order was placed on the Tsar, who had the official military rank of captain of a bombardment company, by the first St. Andrew's Knight, Fyodor Golovin. At the same time, A.D. received the same award for participation in this battle. Menshikov, former bombardier lieutenant.
Subsequently, until the reign of Paul I, holders of the Order of St. Andrey became 231 more people. Among them are such outstanding domestic commanders as P.A. Rumyantsev, A.V. Suvorov, statesmen F.M. Apraksin, G.A. Potemkin.
Emperor Paul I, on the day of his coronation, April 5, 1797, signed a special Establishment, which is the first officially approved statute of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Among other specific provisions relating to the order's affairs, a detailed description was given of the special order costume for St. Andrew's knights, in which they had to appear at court on the day of the order's holiday, November 30, and on other days specified by the emperor himself: a long green velvet epancha, decorated with silver cords and tassels, with a star of the order sewn on the left side of a “more than ordinary” size, a white supervest with gold braid and fringe and with a cross sewn on the chest, a black velvet hat with a white and red plume and with a St. Andrew’s cross made of a narrow blue ribbon . Naturally, the gentleman on the solemn day had to appear with the sign of the Order of St. Andrew's is not on a shoulder strap, but on a gold chain with enamel.
Starting from Pavlov’s time, gentlemen were forbidden to arbitrarily decorate their badges with precious stones, and a cross with a star, showered with diamonds (diamonds), became, as it were, a special, highest level of the order, bestowed solely at the personal discretion of the emperor. Paul began to bestow orders, including those of St. Andrew the First-Called, on persons of clergy rank. The first such Knight of St. Andrew became in November 1796, Metropolitan Gabriel of Novgorod and St. Petersburg. Paul also legalized the awarding of all male infants without exception - the Grand Dukes - with the Order of Andrew at baptism, and the princes of the imperial blood - upon reaching adulthood.
The twelve eldest in time to be awarded the Order of St. Andrew's cavaliers received commanderies associated with additional income: three commanderies of 1000 serf souls each, four of 800 souls each, five of 700 souls each. In each of these three groups, one command was given to a clergyman assigned to this order. These awards were for life and after the death of the gentleman passed to the next most senior holder of the award.
Under Alexander I, the St. Andrew's Knights, when awarded the order, began to contribute 800 rubles to the order's cash desk. During this period, which became one of the most glorious pages of Russian history thanks to the national feat in 1812, the number of awards issued, especially for military merits, increased sharply.
The period of the Napoleonic wars dates back to the case of awarding the Order of St. Andrew of the French Emperor. In 1807, it was awarded to Napoleon I. On the occasion of the ratification of the Peace of Tilsit between Russia and France (as well as France and Prussia), the signs of the highest Russian order were received by the French emperor, his brother Jerome, marshals Berthier and Murat, as well as the famous master of diplomatic intrigue, Napoleonic minister Foreign Affairs, Prince Talleyrand. In 1815, foreigners who had the Order of St. Andrew, whose number was quite significant, was added by the famous English commander Duke of Wellington.
From 1801 to 1916 there were about 600 awards. During this time, changes occurred in the appearance of the order's insignia. Around the time of the Patriotic War of 1812, silver stars appeared. By the middle of the 19th century, metal stars completely replaced fabric ones.
Star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Unknown workshop, Russia, first third of the 19th century. Silver, enamel. Size 80x79 mm. On the reverse side there are wire ears at the ends of the rays for sewing onto the uniform. This star represents the earliest type of “forged” star, which gentlemen, according to the fashion of that time, ordered from private workshops to replace the “sewn” one received from the Chapter of the Imperial Orders. Stars of this type with an eagle with its wings down in the center are known in single copies.
Until 1855, the insignia of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called for military merit were no different in appearance from the badges for civilian merit. Later, crossed swords were added to the battle award.
After the February Revolution, the Provisional Government, leaving the award system of the empire essentially the same, made only some “cosmetic” changes to the appearance of the orders in accordance with the spirit of the republican system, removing some monarchical symbols. On the Order of St. It was decided to remove the crowns from the cross and replace the royal eagle in the central round medallion with a new, Republican eagle, without crowns, according to a sketch made by the famous artist I. Bilibin. But there were no awards for the highest Russian order in 1917, and we do not know St. Andrew’s signs of this type, even trial ones.
Insignia of the highest order became part of military symbolism in pre-revolutionary Russia. St. Andrew's star was a kind of symbol of the guard in military paraphernalia and adorned guards' headdresses, as well as lyadunki - bags for cartridges, super vests for the cavalry guards of the heavy guards cavalry, and even saddle cloths - cloth bedding for the saddle.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, many regiments of the Russian army celebrated their anniversaries - 100, 150 or more years, the so-called “seniority” of units. On this occasion, almost all anniversary regiments established their own regimental insignia - a kind of corporate distinction worn by all ranks of the regiment on their uniform. The design of the regimental badge was approved by the Tsar himself or the Minister of War and, as a rule, included images and inscriptions reminiscent of the heroic pages of the history of the unit.
Regimental insignia of more than ten guards units included the image of St. Andrew's star and ribbon as an element, and three guards infantry regiments made the St. Andrew's cross the basis of their insignia. At the same time, the oldest regiment of the Russian army - Preobrazhensky - established its regimental badge based on a sketch of the St. Andrew's Cross, personally made by Peter in his time.
Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Firm "Eduard", 1903-1908, 90.9x60 mm, weight 72.6 g, gold, enamel.
Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called. St. Petersburg, Albert Keibel’s workshop, 1882–1899, 62x87 mm. Gold, enamel, mount.
Dress badge of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Unknown workshop, Russia, late XIX - early XX centuries. Unsampled gold, enamel. Size 18x14 mm.
A set of badges of the Russian Imperial and Royal Orders of one-time issue, awarded to the holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called:
1) Set of insignia of the Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree. a) Badge of the Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree. Albert Keibel firm, St. Petersburg, 1899-1904. Gold, enamel. Weight, 27.35 g. Size 62x67 mm. b) Star of the Order of St. Stanislaus. Firm "Keibel", St. Petersburg, 1870-1880s. Silver, enamel, gilding. Weight, 50.50 g. Size 88x89 mm. c) Ribbon of the Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree. Unknown workshop, Russia, late 19th century. Moire.
2) Set of insignia of the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree. a) Badge of the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree. Albert Keibel's company, St. Petersburg, before 1899. Gold, enamel. Weight, 22.25 g. Size 56x51 mm. b) Star of the Order of St. Anne. Firm "Keibel", St. Petersburg, 1870-1880s. Silver, enamel, gilding. Weight, 51.70 g. Size 91x90 mm. c) Ribbon of the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree. Unknown workshop, Russia, late 19th century. Moire.
3) Set of insignia of the Order of the White Eagle. a) Badge of the Order of the White Eagle. Albert Keibel's company, St. Petersburg, before 1899. Gold, enamel. Weight, 86.56 g. Size 91x62 mm. b) Star of the Order of the White Eagle. Firm "Keibel", St. Petersburg, 1899-1904. Silver, enamel, gilding. Weight, 52.06 g. Size 91x91 mm. c) Ribbon of the Order of the White Eagle. Unknown workshop, Russia, late 19th century. Moire.
4) Set of insignia of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. a) Badge of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Albert Keibel firm, St. Petersburg, 1899-1904. Gold, enamel. Weight, 32.88 g. Size 62x56 mm. b) Star of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Firm "Keibel", St. Petersburg, 1870-1880s. Silver, enamel, gilding. Weight, 49.30 g. Size 92x92 mm. c) Ribbon of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Unknown workshop, Russia, late 19th century. Moire.
5) Case for a set of insignia of Orders, awarded to the recipient immediately with the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Unknown workshop, Russia, late 19th century. Wood, leather, cardboard, velvet, silk, bronze. Size 383x285x36 mm. On the top cover there is a state eagle and the inscription in “gold”: “Insignia of the Order of St. Stanislav St. Anna Belago Eagle of St. Alexander Nevsky.”
According to the code of laws for the establishment of orders, edition of 1876: “...Granted by the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, even if he had not previously had other Russian orders, with this single award he should be equally honored as a knight of the four junior Russian orders: St. Alexander Nevsky, Belago Orel, St. Anna of the first degree and St. Stanislav of the first degree, whose signs are forwarded to him along with the signs of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called...” Such sets were awarded only to Russian Grand Dukes and foreign gentlemen. Due to the small number of awards, such sets are extremely rare.
The authors of the regimental badge copied both sides of it, and the Preobrazhensky emblem became the only one among hundreds of Russian regimental badges that had images and inscriptions on the reverse side. This will seem completely meaningless (after all, regimental insignia should have been worn tightly screwed to the uniform), if you do not understand the artist’s desire to accurately copy the drawing of the cross once made by Peter himself.
Not only in the Guard, regimental insignia included images of elements of the St. Andrew's Award. A dozen army infantry regiments placed the St. Andrew's star and ribbon on their badge, and the 11th Pskov Infantry and the 13th Vladimir Uhlan made the St. Andrew's Cross the basis of their badge.
During the existence of the Russian Empire, many different awards and orders were made that were given to the most honorable people. For example, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, Wikipedia says that the award was established in 1968 in honor of St. Andrew, who was revered by the Slavs since ancient times.
The order has its own distinctive features: a blue cross, a black double-headed eagle and three crowns. Andrey is depicted in the center of a cross with the initials - “patron of Kievan Rus.” There is also the inscription “For faith and fidelity.”
As for the star, it was made of pure silver with 8 special rays. The eagle itself was placed in a gold medallion. The first copies were created without the eagle; this symbol appeared only after 1800.
The order chain had three dozen links, which were subsequently reduced to 23. Already in the middle of the 19th century, the chain was reduced to 17 links and was issued with rare exceptions. Only Russian gentlemen could receive it.
The emperors constantly changed the image of the eagle, in particular, this concerned the shape of the wings. The figure of the Apostle Andrew was also modified several times. Everything depended on the individual preferences of the emperors. The tradition of awarding all newly-crowned emperors with such a medal as the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called began with Ivan Antonovich. Most often, the reward was given at baptism. Emperors also gave honorary awards to foreign royal families to cement political alliances. This meant that the government of the Russian Empire sympathized with one or another dynasty. Thus, international relations were formed. The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle played a special role in economic and political relations. To find out the price of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, you need to use the catalog. There is information not only about the cost, but also about the historical aspects of the order. There are many advertisements for “Order of St. Andrew the First-Called to buy” on the Internet; each buyer needs to be contacted and discussed details.
In the 18th century, another statute was issued, which stated that gentlemen had the right to decorate the award at their discretion. That is, they had the right to give several diamonds and expensive stones to the treasurer to attach to the cross. A little later, this became the norm; gentlemen en masse adorned their orders with various jewelry. However, by the end of the 18th century, Paul I issued a decree banning decoration of awards with diamonds and diamonds. Only on the personal initiative of Paul I did the orders lend themselves to expensive modification. Thus, the order was considered the highest gift from the emperor. Moreover, the award could then remain in the family of the recipient and be passed on to a new generation. Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, the list of recipients is not as huge as we would like. About 170 people received the order with additional jewelry. However, this number does not include members of the imperial family.
Initially, it was planned to distribute orders to those who wanted to connect their lives with charity and mercy. It is worth noting that in the catalog you can see the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called in a photo and examine in detail each element of the award. The fact is that active cavaliers must necessarily pay a certain amount of money to the treasury, which was used for charitable purposes. During the reign of Paul I, the cavaliers, among other things, also had to look after and protect orphanages and other special institutions for the poor and sick. As soon as the order fell into the hands of a gentleman, he immediately transferred several hundred rubles to the Chapter of Orders. At the beginning of the 19th century, by decree of the emperor, the amount of the contribution was doubled. Part of the funds was sent to the committee for the supervision of wounded soldiers. The final amount of the contribution was determined in the middle of the 19th century and before the October Revolution - five hundred rubles.
On the market you can find the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called at the original price, but only an expert can determine the authenticity of the copy. Before buying or selling an exhibit, you should consult with experienced professionals.
Today, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called of the Russian Federation goes to those who have proven themselves in the following matters:
- Public and political figures of Russia who managed to create glory not only for themselves, but also for the country. In other words, for exceptional services to the fatherland.
- To high-ranking government officials for outstanding services to the Russian Federation.
- For combat and military actions. Additionally, the star of St. Andrew the First-Called is issued.
It was not for nothing that the Russian government chose this order for the award, since Andrew the First-Called was previously a prophet for the Slavs. He predicted that Kyiv would be a Russian city with many churches. In Rus', Andrei actively preached Christianity, creating his own social movements.
During the reign of Peter the Great, the apostle was the patron saint of St. Petersburg. A little later, Andrei's cross began to symbolize the fleet of the Russian Empire, which terrified its enemies.
The last person to receive the Order of St. Andrew with Swords was Alexander Baryatinsky, who distinguished himself in the Caucasian War. The order was also awarded several times to foreign citizens who helped Russian soldiers restore order abroad. And only in 1998, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the order was restored as a state award. Since then, just under 20 people have been awarded. This list includes such famous personalities as Mikhail Gorbachev and Daniil Granin.
According to some modern journalists, the Order was awarded to Sergei Shoigu for annexing the peninsula in 2014. However, there is no reliable information on this matter, since awards are issued only by decrees of the head of Russia.
At the auction, the Order of St. Andrew the Primordial, made before 1917, is valued at several million dollars. If the award was made during the imperial period, then the order may cost as much as 5 million dollars.
However, professional collectors who communicate on special forums will help you understand the issue in more detail. They will also be able to advise on the price of a particular item.
The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called is the very first Russian order. It was established by Peter I in 1698, awarded both for military exploits and for civil distinctions, and was considered the main one among Russian orders.
The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called is the very first Russian order. It was established by Peter I in 1698, awarded both for military exploits and for civil distinctions, and was considered the main one among Russian orders. In the army, it could only be received by someone who had a rank of at least full general (cavalry general or infantry general). The insignia of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called consisted of the following elements: the actual sign (cross) of the order, the main image of which was St. Andrew, crucified, according to legend, on a cross of an X-shaped configuration, and a silver eight-pointed star, with the motto of the order placed in its central medallion " For faith and fidelity." The badge of the order was worn on a wide blue ribbon over the right shoulder, and the star was placed on the left side of the chest. On especially solemn occasions, the sign of the order was worn on the chest, on a gold figured chain covered with multi-colored enamels.
The first holder of the order was Fyodor Golovin. The second holder of the order was Hetman Ivan Mazepa, who received it on February 8, 1700 from the hands of Peter I. The remaining 38 holders of this order, granted during the reign of Peter (including the “Wallachian ruler” Konstantin Brancoveanu, who received this award secretly - for his sympathies towards Russia , who was not included in the official lists of awardees), turned out to be more worthy of this distinction. Peter himself was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the seventh - in 1703 for leading the capture of two Swedish warships at the mouth of the Neva. The insignia of the order was placed on the Tsar, who had the official military rank of captain of a bombardment company, by the first St. Andrew's Knight, Fyodor Golovin. At the same time, A. Menshikov, a former bombardier lieutenant, received the same award for participation in the battle.
Before the reign of Paul I, another 231 people became holders of the Order of St. Andrew. Among them are such generals as Pavel Rumyantsev, Alexander Suvorov, statesmen Fyodor Apraksin and Grigory Potemkin.
Paul was the first to bestow orders on persons of clergy rank. The first such Knight of St. Andrew became in November 1796, Metropolitan Gabriel of Novgorod and St. Petersburg. Paul also legalized the awarding of all male infants without exception - the Grand Dukes with the Order of Andrew at baptism, and the princes of the imperial blood - upon reaching adulthood.
In 1807, the order was awarded to Napoleon I, his brother Jerome, Marshals Berthier and Murat, and Prince Talleyrand. In 1815, the famous English commander Duke of Wellington was added to the foreigners who had the Order of St. Andrew.
Restoration of the Order
By decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin dated July 1, 1998 (#757), the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called was restored.
This document determines that “the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is the highest state award of the Russian Federation.” It “is awarded to outstanding statesmen and public figures and other citizens of the Russian Federation for exceptional services that contribute to the prosperity, greatness and glory of Russia.”
The first holders of the restored order were academician Dmitry Likhachev, gunsmith Mikhail Kalashnikov and President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Among the recipients of the award are Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow, ex-chairman of the Federation Council Yegor Stroev, Admiral Igor Kasatonov, Yuri Luzhkov, ex-governor of Primorye Evgeny Nazdratenko, director Sergei Bondarchuk, singer Lyudmila Zykina, Bishop of Jerusalem, Guardian of the Holy Sepulcher Diodorus, folk singer Russia Irina Arkhipova, Governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Alexander Lebed, Director of the Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs Valery Shumakov, People's Artist of Russia and Ukraine Viktor Zakharchenko and others.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn is the only one who refused the highest state award, which Russian President Boris Yeltsin awarded the writer on his 80th birthday.
The information was prepared based on materials from the information and reference service of the NIS "Strana.Ru".
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is one of the main symbols of the Russian state. Not only is it the very first award established in our country, but for a long time - until 1917 - it occupied the highest level in the hierarchy of state orders and medals. In 1998, this status was returned to him by decree of Boris Yeltsin.
The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was established at a very difficult time for the country: active preparations were underway for Russia to become on par with the mighty European powers. The first order in the Russian state was supposed to symbolize the prestige of the country, its right to respect from other states. It is not by chance that one of Peter’s closest students, Andrew the First-Called, who at one time played a huge role in the formation of Kievan Rus, was chosen as the patron of this award.
The draft statute that described the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was prepared, among other things, through active efforts. According to one version, it was he who proposed making two crossed white stripes on a blue field the symbol of this award, and the order itself should be awarded to those who provided “great services to the Fatherland.” The decree establishing the order was signed by the future emperor at the end of March 1699.
For the first time, the cavalier ribbon on which the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was strengthened was tried on by Admiral F. Golovin, but with the second cavalier there was a problem: he became the well-known ataman I. Mazepa, who soon surrendered to Charles XII, for which he was not only anathematized, but also lost the highest Russian award. Peter himself, by the way, became only the sixth holder of this high order.
Knights of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called received the order badge, which was a silver cross mounted against a golden background and an eight-pointed star. This sign itself was painted blue and had an image of St. Andrew the First-Called in the center. The order was to be worn on a blue ribbon gracefully thrown over the right shoulder, while the left chest was to be adorned by an eight-pointed star.
Subsequently, the circle of applicants for this order was limited to the highest elite of the state, and the award itself gave the person the right to the rank of lieutenant general. In addition, it has become a tradition to award the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called to members of the imperial family at birth.
At the same time in Russia, no more than twelve people could be holders of this award. In total, at the time, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was awarded, according to various estimates, from 900 to 1100 people, including such famous people as A. Suvorov, G. Potemkin, P. Rumyantsev, Napoleon. The last winner of this award was the representative of the imperial family, Prince Roman Petrovich.
In modern Russia, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called again took its rightful place as the country's main award in 1998. Its appearance was created based on surviving sketches, so it completely copies the order that existed before 1917. The first to receive this award was the famous academician D. Likhachev. Subsequently, it was awarded to 12 more people, including N. Nazarbayev, M. Kalashnikov, A. Solzhenitsyn, Alexy II,