2. Continue to teach children to make connections: climate, location with the habitat of plants and animals, and to exclude natural objects from a series based on general and various characteristics.
3. Expand children’s understanding of the animal and plant world of the planet.
4. Foster love and respect for the environment and natural objects.
Equipment:
Globe, illustrations depicting the Arctic and Antarctica, ocean and sea, mountains, plains, lowlands - forests, meadows, highlands - deserts; signal cards, pencil, sheet of paper.
Progress of the lesson.
I Organizational moment.
Slide No. 1 Let's start our lesson,
It will be useful for the guys.
Try to understand everything
Lots to learn.
Guys, sit down correctly, straighten your backs and place your feet together.
Slide No. 2 This is the Earth, our common home.
There are many neighbors in it:
Slide No. 3 And furry kids,
And fluffy kittens,
And winding rivers
And curly sheep,
Grass, birds and flowers,
And, of course, me and you.
Guys, today we will find out why the globe is painted in different colors.
II Work on the topic of the lesson:
1 part.
Guys, this is how you already know the globe. What is a globe? (children's answers) Slide No. 4 In the last lesson we talked about the rotation of the Earth. How does the Earth rotate? What happens on the Earth when it rotates? (children's answers)
Looking at the globe, we can learn a lot about our planet: what shape the Earth is, whether there is land on it, whether there is a lot of water on the planet. Let's take a closer look at the globe. What colors do you see on it? (children's answers)
part 2
And now the question is:
So why blue
Our common home
Our globe.
That's right, because most of the Earth's surface is covered by water. Look at the atlas map of how land and water are distributed on Earth. Slide No. 5.6 Water on Earth, what is it? (children's answers)
Guys, now I’m going to read a poem, listen carefully, if you hear the word for water, clap your hands.
Slide No. 7 A spring gushed from the bowels of the Earth,
A crystal stream that instantly became...
The streams rush, they run forward,
And now the river is already flowing!
The river does not flow somehow
And it goes straight to the sea...
And the sea is like a huge mouth,
All the waters of the rivers will flow into itself!
Well, then he will accept them himself
The vast ocean!
And he will wash the globe
The water is clean and blue.
There is a lot of water on the planet, but there is much less fresh water suitable for drinking, so water must be conserved and not polluted with household waste and
garbage.
Slide No. 8 In one day, with the thinnest trickle, 150 liters can flow from the tap into the sewer. water. Look at the environmental sign that it
Slide number 9 means? (children's answers) Let's recite a poem.
So we talked about water on our planet. What is the name of Slide No. 10, the other part located on Earth? (children's answers)
Part 3.
That's right, dry land. Look again at the map in the atlas. What colors are on land? (children's answers) What do you think is indicated by yellow, green, brown? (children's answers)
Planet Earth is a home for everyone: plants, animals - beasts, fish, insects, birds.
Guys, let's play. I will ask you riddles, and you will guess them and pick up signal cards with the color where they live: blue is ice, snow, blue is water, green is forest, meadows, yellow is steppes, deserts, brown is mountains.
Slide No. 11 Large beast, predatory beast, strong beast,
He jumps from the ice floe onto the ice floe and roars.
(polar bear)
I am a hunchbacked beast
But the guys like me
All my life I have carried two humps,
I have two stomachs!
But every hump is not a hump, it’s a barn!
There is food in them for seven days! (camel)
Behind the trees and bushes
The flame flashed quickly
It flashed, ran,
There is no smoke, no fire, (fox)
Don't you know me?
I live at the bottom of the sea.
Head and eight legs
That's all I am (octopus).
Everybody's moving forward
And he's the opposite
He can do it for two hours straight
Move backwards all the time (cancer)
It is covered with dark bark,
The leaf is beautiful, cut out,
And at the tips of the branches
Many different acorns, (oak)
He flies high
Sees very far.
He built his nest in the stones
Tell me who it is. (eagle)
The scythe has no den,
He doesn't need a hole.
Legs save you from enemies,
And from hunger - bark. (hare)
Tell me what kind of weirdo
Does he wear a tailcoat day and night?
Waddle off the ice floes
He's coming towards us. (penguin)
Less tiger, more cat
Above the ears there are brushes-horns.
Looks meek, but don't believe it:
This beast is painted in anger. (lynx)
Soft, not fluffy
Green, not grass. (moss)
She had a saw in her mouth.
She lived in the depths.
Scared everyone, swallowed everyone,
And now she has fallen into the cauldron. (pike)
Across the sea-ocean
A miracle giant is swimming,
In the middle is a fountain. (whale)
The rope curls
At the end is the head. (snake)
We have a little rest, take your seats.
Hands raised and waved -
These are trees in the forest.
Elbows bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
We'll show you how they sit down -
We will fold our wings back.
Part 4
Slide No. 12 And now, another game called “The Third Wheel”. Be careful.
Slide No. 13 Walrus - hare - seal.
Slide No. 14 Crocodile - mountain goat - eagle.
Slide No. 15 Jellyfish - wolf - whale.
Slide No. 16 Camel - Scorpio - Penguin.
Slide No. 17 Petrel - swallow - albatross.
Slide No. 18 Algae - aspen - pine.
Slide No. 19 Cactus - snowdrop - bell.
Slide No. 20 Dandelion - lichen - cornflower.
Slide No. 21 Zebra - giraffe - dolphin.
Slide No. 22 Elephant - lion - boar.
Slide No. 23 Woodpecker - cuckoo - seagull.
Part 5
When you go to school, you will study science such as geography and work with contour maps. Now we will learn how to work Slide No. 24 with a map. You need to color the surface of the globe where the water is.
III Final part.
Slide No. 25 Guys, our planet Earth is the most beautiful of all planets. Only on it there is life and all the diversity of nature that we see: the sky, the sun, the moon, stars, clouds, air, water, mountains, rivers, seas, grass, trees, fish, birds, animals and, of course, people, that is, you and me.
Our planet Earth is very generous and rich. She needs to be protected.
Let's save the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter the clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her.
We will take care of birds, insects, animals,
This will only make us kinder.
Let's decorate the whole Earth with gardens and flowers.
You and I need such a planet.
Software tasks:
Educational: Introduce children to the scientific version of the formation of the Earth, to the concepts of “globe”, “map”, “equator”, “tropical belt”. To give children a basic understanding that there are different areas of the earth that differ in their natural conditions and are designated differently on the globe (map). Deepen the understanding that most of the Earth is covered with water. In addition to water, there is land where people live.
Educational: Development of free communication with adults and children. Enrichment of vocabulary.
Educational: Cultivate a caring attitude towards the Earth - your home.
Equipment: Interactive globe, large and small globe, physical map of the World and physical map of the Russian Federation, paper circles, scissors, blue and yellow chips.
Download:
Preview:
Municipal state educational institution "Kindergarten No. 7 of general developmental type"
Summary of direct educational activities
for children of the preparatory group
Educator: Igolkina E.A.
Efremov 2015
Topic: “Our helpers: globe and map”
Software tasks:
Educational:Introduce children to the scientific version of the formation of the Earth, to the concepts of “globe”, “map”, “equator”, “tropical belt”. To give children a basic understanding that there are different areas of the earth that differ in their natural conditions and are designated differently on the globe (map). Deepen the understanding that most of the Earth is covered with water. In addition to water, there is land where people live.
Educational: Development of free communication with adults and children. Enrichment of vocabulary.
Educational: Cultivate a caring attitude towards the Earth - your home.
Equipment: Interactive globe, large and small globe, physical map of the World and physical map of the Russian Federation, paper circles, scissors.
NODE STROKE:
PART I.
Educator: Guys, each of us has a place where we feel comfortable and safe. This is our house. And in the house where you live?
Children: We live in an apartment.
Educator: Is it convenient for you to live there?
Children: Yes.
Educator: Yes, because there is running water, electricity, and heating. You handle everything in the house with care; if something gets damaged, you put it in order. Your apartment is located at the entrance, and where is the entrance?
Children: In the house.
Educator: And the house?
Children: The house is on the street.
Educator: And the street?
Children: The street is in the city.
Educator: Where is the city?
Children: The city is in the country.
Educator: And the country?
Children: The country is on Earth.
Educator: So it turns out that the Earth is our common home. It contains everything that is necessary for life - water, food, light and warmth. And all this must be protected, loved and used wisely.
Educator: Children, what do you know about our planet - Earth? What is its shape and size?
Children: Our Earth is big and round.
Educator: Yes, our planet is round - it’s a huge, enormous ball. And now I will tell you a little about the history of our planet Earth.
Our earth was formed many millions of years ago. At first it was a fiery mixture of boiling rocks and harmful gases. But millions of years passed and the Earth cooled; its surface was covered with a crust. The hot Earth was covered with dense clouds of steam and gas. When the temperature dropped, the rains began, it rained for hundreds of years, and seas were formed. For the first billion years there was no life on Earth. During this turbulent time, mountains appeared and disappeared. The sea covered the land and then retreated. The climate on Earth became warmer, and then living organisms began to appear. The Earth is a huge solid ball rotating in outer space, and it is depicted in the form of a globe. What is a globe?
Children: The globe is a model of our globe.
Educator: The word “globe” means a ball; it contains everything that is on earth, only very small. Let's look at it. Globes come in big and small, and there are also interactive globes. This is a globe that can conduct a real dialogue with you. And although you are silent at the same time, your communication with the globe occurs through a special pointing pen. With this pen, you indicate the place on the globe that you want to know about, and the globe responds with information about the place you have chosen.
Educator: What color is there the most on the globe?
Children: Most of the colors on the globe are blue.
Educator: What do you think is indicated by this color?
Children: Water, seas, oceans.
Educator: Let's check this using our interactive globe. Yes, and the darker the color, the deeper the sea or ocean in this place. What other colors are there on the globe?
Children: Green, brown, yellow.
Educator: Correctly, the land is painted in different colors, because on Earth there are mountains, forests, and deserts. I suggest you get some rest.
Dynamic pause"Forest, mountains, sea"
In response to the verbal signal “forest”, children imitate the movements of various animals; “mountains” - the movement of eagles; “sea” - movements of sea animals.
PART II:
Educator: Guys, where do you think is the coldest place on Earth? Show it on the globe.
The coldest place on Earth is the south pole. On the globe it is located at the bottom, where the earth's axis passes. There is eternal ice and frost here. It is just as cold at the North Pole - the highest point on the globe. Why do you think there is always frost and snow at the poles?
Children: Because there is little sun there.
Educator: The fact is that our planet is round, and therefore the sun heats it unevenly; very little sunlight reaches the poles. The rays only lightly touch the poles, and for six months the sun does not look there at all. Then there is a polar night there. Those places on Earth where it is always cold and there is eternal snow are called the polar zone of the Earth.
Educator: Where do you think it’s always hot on Earth?
It's always hot in the middle of the Earth. An imaginary line runs here - the equator. The equator is like a belt that encircles the Earth in the middle. Direct sunlight always falls on the equator, so it is always hot there and there is no snow. This place on Earth is called the tropical zone.
Educator: If you imagine the Earth as a circle, then 2/3 will be water, the rest will be land. And to check this, I offer you the following task.
(Children go to the tables and sit down.)
Experimental work
Educator: You have a circle on your table. Why a circle and not a square or triangle?
Children: Because our Earth is round.
Educator: Correct. Look, the circle is divided into 3 parts by lines. Cut one part out of three. Now place a yellow chip on one part, and a blue chip on two parts. This is how much space water takes up on Earth - 2/3, and 1 part is land.
(Children get up from the tables and walk onto the carpet)
PART III:
Educator: Imagine that you and I went on a trip and it’s inconvenient to take a globe with us on the road. What should we do? For this, people came up with a map. Who do you think needs a card?
Children: Travelers, military, sailors, scientists.
Educator: Let us also look at the map of our planet (the teacher hangs up a map of the world). A map is also an image of our Earth. Everything that is on the globe is exactly displayed on the map. Let's find on the map the place where our country is located. What is the name of our country?
Children: Our country is called Russia.
Educator: Let's find Russia on the interactive globe. The globe confirmed to us that we had correctly found the location of our country we needed. Russia is the largest country in the world by area.
Educator: What do you think the thin blue stripes that cover all of Russia mean?
Children: (These are rivers).
Educator: What color is most on the map of Russia?
Children: Most of all on the map is Russia, green.
Educator: What does this color mean?
Children: This color means a lot of forests, fields, meadows.
Educator: Our country is rich not only in forests, fields and meadows. We also have many mountains, which are indicated in brown. Let's take a close look at our smart globe and find the mountains
(Several children show mountains on an interactive globe)
Educator: Children, look at these little white dots. There are a lot of such points on the map of Russia. All of them mean cities. Let's find the capital of our country on the map. What is the name of the capital of our Motherland?
Children: The capital of our Motherland is Moscow.
Educator: Let's check this on the interactive globe.
Educator: Conventional signs are used on globes and maps. Cities are depicted as small white dots, rivers are thin blue lines, mountains are brown, and forests are green.
Educator: I have the following task for you. (Children go to the tables and sit down.)
PART IV:
(Working with punched cards)
Look, there are cards on your tables. Look at it carefully. Remember what symbols and colors indicate seas, rivers, mountains, forests and cities. You need to point with arrows where seas, rivers, mountains, forests and cities are located to a part of the map.
Educator: Well done! Everyone completed the task. Now you are all real travelers, you know what a map is, a globe - these are our travel assistants. Let's remember what else we talked about today and what new things we learned.
Children: Today we learned about the equator, the tropical zone, how the Earth was formed, that most of the Earth is covered with water.
SUBJECT: What is a globe?
Methodological purpose of the lesson.
To introduce the methodology for organizing educational research.
The purpose of the lesson .
Develop students' research skills and develop primary skills in conducting independent research.
Tasks:
Regulatory
To promote the formation of the concepts of “model”, “globe”, “ocean”, “continent”, and the ability to work with a globe.
Developmental
Develop the ability to handle information, highlight the main thing in the content of the material being studied, improve the ability to analyze, and draw conclusions.
Communication
Increasing interest in studying the subject, developing a scientific worldview. Create an atmosphere of cooperation in the lesson, promote the formation of basic skills to build your interpersonal relationships.
Lesson type : a lesson in learning new material.
Teaching method: reproductive, problem-search.
Methods of carrying out educational and cognitive activities : verbal, visual, practical.
Form of study : story, conversation, workshop.
Form of organization of student activities : frontal, individual.
Equipment : computer, multimedia projector, presentation, globes.
Predicted result
Students gain knowledge
About the Earth model;
About continents and oceans;
Get acquainted with the types of rotation of the Earth and the consequences of this rotation;
Develop the ability to analyze the results obtained and draw conclusions
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment.
The lesson begins
It will be useful for the guys,
Try to understand everything
Learn to reveal secrets,
Give complete answers,
To get paid for work
Only a “five” rating!
II. Checking the completed material.
(Test questions on the slide)
III.Formulation of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Solve the crossword puzzle. 9
1
2
3
4
5
1. A device used to observe the stars.(telescope)
2. A person who studies stars and other celestial bodies.(astronomer)
3. Blue tent
The whole world was covered.(sky)
4. In the Blue Village
Chubby girl
She can't sleep at night -
Looking in the mirror.(moon)
5. Wanders alone
Fiery eye.
Everywhere it happens
The look warms you.(Sun)
What do you think we will learn about in class today? What are we going to learn?
IV . Formation of the concepts “model”, “globe”. Slide
What is a globe? Let's think about it.
U. - What do you call the objects lying on the table? (toys are lying: airplane, helicopter, car)
U. - What does the toy look like: an airplane? … helicopter? ... machine?
U. - How are they similar to real objects? (Similar - shape)
U. - How do they differ from real objects? (Different by size)
(Children try to formulate the concept of “model”)
U. - How do you understand the meaning of the word “model”?
D. - A model is a reduced image of an object.
U. - Sometimes, in order to study an object, scientists make a reduced or enlarged image of it - a model. A globe is a model of the Earth.
U. - What is the name of the object that is on your desk in each group? (Globe)
U. - Let's find out what the word “globe” means?
Globe is a Latin word, it means spherical, ball, round.
A globe is a ball on which the outlines of the land and waters of the Earth are plotted. The ball is placed on an axis and tilted relative to the stand. There is another definition of globe. A globe is a model of the Earth a million times smaller than planet Earth itself.
U - Can a balloon (show) and a ball (show) be called a globe? Why?
(Students lead a discussion on this issue)
Now let’s talk about the second question of our research:“Which globes are the most ancient?” Slide
Look at the slide. It is known that the model of the globe was first built by the Greek scientist, keeper of the Pergamon Library, Crates of Malossus in the 2nd century. BC, however, it, unfortunately, did not survive, but the drawing remained. Not even all continents are depicted on it. The world familiar to ancient man was very small.
(slide) The first earthly globe that has come down to us was made in 1492 by the German geographer and traveler Martin Beheim (1459-1507). It is made of calfskin, stretched tightly over metal ribs. On this model of the globe with a diameter of 54 cm, called the “Earth Apple,” Beheim placed the world map of the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy. This small resemblance of our planet was called a globe later. Of course, the images on it were far from the truth. Martin Beheim's globe is on display at the Nuremberg Museum in Germany.The largest earthly globe with a diameter of 12.5 m was built in 1998 in the USA.
Globes - “sailors” .
Once upon a time, sailors took globes with them on long and dangerous journeys. Globes - “sailors” have seen a lot during their long service on ships. They were battered by storms, blown by fierce winds, and were all stained with salty sea water.
“Globes are dandies.” They spent their entire lives in luxurious royal palaces. These globes were decorated with gold, silver, and precious stones. A clock mechanism with a spring was placed on some globes, and the globe spun, like our planet.
“Globe-astronaut.” It is installed on spaceships. A small globe - the astronaut spins non-stop during the entire flight at the same speed as the Earth. As soon as the commander of the spaceship looks at him, he immediately knows which ocean or country his spaceship is flying over at that moment.
There are still many different globes. There are globes that depict all the countries of the world.
There are globes with an uneven surface: all the mountains, all the hills on them are convex. Eatlunar globe and globe of Mars . There are evenglobe of the starry sky. It depicts constellations, the Milky Way.
U. - Our research continues, one more question awaits us:“How does the globe work?”
Introduction of concepts "equator", "parallels", "meridians".
( Based on the globe demonstration, students mark all the data on the balloons. )
North Pole and South Pole. Place marks there.
There are many lines on the globe. Each line has its own name.
Equator - “the main belt of the Earth.” This is the line that divides our globe into two hemispheres - Northern and Southern.
The circumference of the Earth is 40 thousand km. It would take about a month to travel this distance by fast train. And walking takes about five years.
The globe also has horizontal and vertical lines.
Lines that go from north to south are calledmeridians.
Lines that go from west to east are calledparallels.
That’s why the globe is sometimes called a “ball in a net.”
There is an axis that is not yet visible to us, around which the Earth rotates. She is tilted. The earth rotates around an imaginary axis. After all, the globe is a smaller copy of the Earth.
U: Rotate the globe around the Earth's axis. Who remembers what happens as a result of the Earth's rotation around its axis?
( D. There is a change of day and night.)
U: The time has come for us to change our type of activity and rest a little.
Slide
V. Physical exercise:
Stands on one leg
He twists and turns his head.
Shows us countries
Rivers, mountains, oceans.
Spin like a globe,
Now stop!
V. Formation of new concepts.
W. Our research is coming to an end, but we still have to answer the last question:
“What can a globe tell you?”
U. - We will search for information on this question together, and our main assistants will be globes.(Slide)
Formation of the concepts “ocean”, “continent”.
U. Let's see what our planet looks like from space.
(Slides)
Astronauts lovingly call the Earth “Blue Planet”
What colors is the surface of the globe painted? (Blue, green and brown.)
What color is there more on the globe? (1/3 – land, 2/3 – water)
U. - What do the colors on the globe mean?
D. -Blue, blue colors mean water. Yellow, brown, green - indicate land. White – snow or ice.
W. - Look at the globe. It actually has the most blue on it. These are seas and oceans.
Large areas of land that are surrounded on all sides by water are called continents. On the globe, the continents are colored green and brown.
VI. Stage of intermediate results and conclusions .
Work in groups.
W. - Now you have to study the globe, as scientists once explored our Earth.
Find and show continents and oceans on the globe.
( Independent work in groups .)
Assignment for the first group.
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________
Assignment for the second group.
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
U. Well done, guys. We learned a lot of new and interesting things about the globe.
VII. Lesson summary.
Well done! Friendship won.
You learned very important information in this lesson.
I am very glad that you were so united in your feelings for our vast planet EARTH. Planet Earth is our common home and we must protect it!
A game "The race for the leader" begins!
( The teacher reads the sentences at a fast pace, the children of each group select words that are appropriate in meaning: GLOBE, BALL, WATER, LAND, SNOW, ICE, FOUR, SIX, PARALLELS, MERIDIANS, SHARE. )
VIII. Reflection
Assessment of work in the lesson.
– What can you praise yourself for?
What remained unclear or caused boredom?
What would you like to know more about?
Where can information gathering skills come in handy?
IX. Optional homework.
1
2
3
4
5
Assignment for the first group.
Find the continents on the globe and name them.
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________
Model of the Earth - _______________. This word translated from Latin means ____.
On the globe, blue indicates ____________, brown, yellow, green indicate ___________, and white _____________. There are _____ oceans and _____ continents on the globe. “The main belt of the Earth” is ___________________. The globe has horizontal and vertical lines called _____________ and __________________.
Planet Earth is our common home and we need to __________ it!
)
Model of the Earth - _______________. This word translated from Latin means ____.
On the globe, blue indicates ____________, brown, yellow, green indicate ___________, and white _____________. There are _____ oceans and _____ continents on the globe. “The main belt of the Earth” is ___________________. The globe has horizontal and vertical lines called _____________ and __________________.
Planet Earth is our common home and we need to __________ it!
(GLOBE, BALL, WATER, LAND, SNOW, ICE, FOUR, SIX, PARALLELS, MERIDIANS, SHARE. )
Assignment for the second group.
1). Find the oceans on the globe and name them.
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
It is not enough just to know what a globe is. You need to learn how to read it correctly in order to learn a lot of new and interesting things. In this lesson we will learn what the colors on the globe mean. Let's learn the names of the oceans and continents, talk about their features and differences. Let's get acquainted with the amazing wonders of nature, flora and fauna.
Why are there the most blue and cyan colors on the globe? Most of the earth's surface is covered with water. In a photograph taken from space, all areas of water appear blue. This color on the globe indicates oceans and seas, rivers and lakes.
Rice. 2. Earth from space ()
But if you look closely, you will notice that in different places the ocean is indicated by different shades. This is done to show depth: the deeper the ocean, the darker the blue color, and the shallower the depth, the lighter the paint on the globe. - these are huge expanses of bitterly salty water that surround continents and islands.
Pacific Ocean- the largest on Earth.
Rice. 4. Physical map of the Pacific Ocean ()
The navigator Ferdinand Magellan gave it this name because during his journey on sailing ships this ocean was calm. Although in fact the Pacific Ocean is not quiet at all, especially in its western part, where it raises and drives huge waves - tsunami, bringing a lot of trouble to the inhabitants of the Japanese islands.
Mariana Trench- the deepest place in the world. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, its depth is eleven kilometers and thirty-four meters.
Rice. 6. Mariana Trench ()
Previously, Europeans did not even suspect the existence of the Pacific Ocean. They knew only one ocean - Atlantic, which seemed limitless, so it was named after the most powerful hero of Greek myths, Atlas.
Rice. 7. Physical map of the Atlantic Ocean ()
In fact, the Atlantic Ocean is the second largest after the Pacific Ocean, the greatest depth of the ocean is 5 kilometers. In the Atlantic Ocean there are huge waves as high as a three-story building.
Indian Ocean It is especially restless in its southern part. It is warmer than others; even in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, the waters warm up to + 35 degrees.
Rice. 8. Physical map of the Indian Ocean ()
Arctic- the northernmost region, covered in winter and summer with a thick layer of ice and snow. There is a fourth ocean near the North Pole, almost its entire surface is covered with thick, strong ice, and there are multi-meter snowdrifts around. That's why this ocean was named Arctic.
Rice. 9. Physical map of the Arctic Ocean
Relatively recently, oceanographers began to identify a fifth, South ocean.
Rice. 10. Physical map of Antarctica ()
Previously, this ocean was considered to be the southern parts of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. All oceans together: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern - merge together into one world Ocean, which washes the entire globe.
On the globe, large areas of land called continents are depicted in green, yellow, brown and white. On the ground six continents: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.
Eurasia- the largest continent, within its borders lie two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.
Rice. 11. Physical map of Eurasia ()
It is the only continent on Earth washed by four oceans: the Arctic in the north, the Indian in the south, the Atlantic in the west and the Pacific in the east. Our homeland is located on this continent Russia.
Rice. 12. Russia on the map of Eurasia ()
The surface of the continent is very diverse. Mountains and plains are the main forms of the earth's surface. Brown indicates the location of mountains, while green and yellow indicate plains. The largest of them West Siberian(flat plain) Eastern European(hilly plain).
Rice. 13. West Siberian Plain ()
Rice. 14. Physical map of the East European Plain ()
Rivers are indicated on the globe by uneven blue lines drawn along the surface of the continents. Rivers flow across the East European Plain Volga, Don, Dnieper, a river flows across the West Siberian Plain Ob. Mountains rise above the surface of the plains. The higher the mountains, the darker their color on the globe. Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.
Rice. 15. Himalaya mountains ()
Jamalungma (Everest)- the highest mountain in the world (8 km 708 m).
Rice. 16. Mount Jamalungma ()
Located in Eurasia Baikal- the deepest lake,
Rice. 17. Lake Baikal ()
The largest lake
Rice. 18. Caspian Sea ()
largest peninsula Arabian,
Rice. 19. Coast of the Arabian Peninsula ()
lowest point of land in the world - depression Dead Sea.
Rice. 20. Dead Sea ()
Rice. 21. Pole of Cold Oymyakon ()
Africa is the second largest continent, which is located on both sides of the equator, washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the west and the Indian Ocean from the east and south.
Rice. 22. Physical map of Africa ()
Africa is known for its diversity of nature: impenetrable tropical forests with orchids,
Rice. 23. Rainforest ()
grassy plains with baobabs (huge trees up to forty meters in circumference),
vast expanses of desert.
Rice. 25. Desert in Africa ()
Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. Here it is Sahara Desert.
Rice. 26. Sahara Desert ()
It is the largest desert in the world and the hottest place on Earth (the maximum recorded temperature is +58 degrees). On this continent flows Nile- the second longest river in the world.
Rice. 27. River Nile ()
Volcano Kilimanjaro- the highest point in Africa.
Rice. 28. Mount Kilimanjaro ()
Victoria, Tanganyika, Chad- the largest lakes on this continent.
Rice. 29. Lake Victoria ()
Rice. 30. Lake Tanganyika ()
Rice. 31. Lake Chad ()
In the Western Hemisphere are North America And South America, they are washed from the west by the Pacific Ocean, from the east by the Atlantic, and North America is also washed by the Arctic Ocean from the north.
Rice. 32. Physical map of North America
Rice. 33. Physical map of South America
North America also includes the largest island on Earth, it is called Greenland.
Rice. 34. Coast of Greenland ()
These continents are rich in rivers and lakes. North America is home to one of the world's greatest rivers Mississippi,
Rice. 35. Mississippi River ()
and in South America there is a river that is the largest in the world in terms of depth and length.
Rice. 36. Amazon ()
There is a bay on the coast of North America Fundy, which, in addition to its incredible beauty, is famous for the largest tides in the world, more than seventeen meters.
Rice. 37. Bay of Fundy ()
Just imagine, millions of tons of water approach the shore in twelve hours and then move away from it. South America is home to the world's tallest waterfall - Angel, its total height is 979 meters.
Rice. 38. Angel Falls ()
It seems as if it is shrouded in fog - a curtain of tiny particles of water that is sprayed, falling from such a great height. The most powerful waterfall in the world is located on the same continent Iguazu.
Rice. 39. Iguazu Falls ()
Although in fact it is a whole complex of 270 individual waterfalls, which is about 2.7 km wide. South America is home to the driest place in the world - the desert. Atacama.
Rice. 40. Atacama Desert ()
In some places in this desert, rain falls once every few decades.
Australia- the fifth continent, which is smaller than all the others. The Pacific Ocean washes the northern and eastern coasts, the Indian Ocean washes the western and southern coasts.
Rice. 41. Physical map of Australia
Most of the continent is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, there are very few rivers, which is why Australia is considered the driest continent on Earth. Common here screams(English creek - rivulet) - rivers that exist only during the rainy season and completely dry up for most of the year.