Charles Darwin's achievements. British scientist Charles Robert Darwin: biography, theories and discoveries

SIMONOV Konstantin (real name Kirill) Mikhailovich (1915 1979), poet, prose writer, playwright.

Born on November 15 (28 NS) in Petrograd, he was raised by his stepfather, a teacher at a military school. My childhood years were spent in Ryazan and Saratov.

After graduating from the seven-year school I in Saratov in 1930, he went to the factory department to study as a turner. In 1931, the family moved to Moscow, and Simonov, having graduated from the factory teacher of precision mechanics here, went to work at the plant. During these same years he began to write poetry. He worked at the plant until 1935.

In 1936, the first poems of K. Simonov were published in the magazines “Young Guard” and “October”. After graduating from the Literary Institute. M. Gorky in 1938, Simonov entered graduate school at the IFLI (Institute of History, Philosophy, Literature), but in 1939 he was sent as a war correspondent to Khalkin-Gol in Mongolia and never returned to the institute.

In 1940 he wrote his first play, “The Story of a Love,” staged on the stage of the Theater. Lenin Komsomol; in 1941 second “A guy from our city.”

During the year he studied at the war correspondents' courses at the Military-Political Academy, received military rank quartermaster of the second rank.

When the war began, he was drafted into the army and worked for a newspaper." Battle Banner"In 1942 he was awarded the rank of senior battalion commissar, in 1943 the rank of lieutenant colonel, and after the war, colonel. Most of his military correspondence was published in Red Star. During the war years, he also wrote the plays “Russian People”, “So It Will Be”, the story “Days and Nights”, two books of poems “With You and Without You” and “War”; he became widely known lyric poem"Wait for me...".

As a war correspondent, he visited all fronts, walked through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin. After the war, his collections of essays appeared: “Letters from Czechoslovakia”, “Slavic Friendship”, “Yugoslav Notebook”, “From Black to Barents Sea. Notes of a war correspondent".

After the war, Simonov spent three years on numerous foreign business trips (Japan, USA, China).

From 1958 to 1960 he lived in Tashkent as a correspondent for Pravda on the republics Central Asia.

The first novel, "Comrades in Arms," was published in 1952, then the first book of the trilogy, "The Living and the Dead" "The Living and the Dead" (1959). In 1961, the Sovremennik Theater staged Simonov's play "The Fourth". In 1963-64, the second book of the trilogy appeared, the novel “Soldiers Are Not Born.” (Later 3rd book " Last summer".)

Based on Simonov's scripts, the following films were produced: "A Guy from Our City" (1942), "Wait for Me" (1943), "Days and Nights" (1943-44), "Immortal Garrison" (1956), "Normandie-Niemen" ( 1960, together with Sh. Spaakomi, E. Triolet), “The Living and the Dead” (1964).

IN post-war years social activity Simonov's development was as follows: from 1946 to 1950 and from 1954 to 1958 he was editor-in-chief of the magazine " New world"; from 1954 to 1958 he was editor-in-chief of the magazine "New World"; from 1950 to 1953 editor-in-chief" Literary newspaper"; from 1946 to 1959 and from 1967 to 1979 secretary of the USSR Writers' Union.

K. Simonov died in 1979 in Moscow.

Simonov Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich - poet, prose writer, playwright, journalist, editor, public figure; Hero Socialist Labor(September 27, 1974), laureate of Lenin and six Stalin Prizes, member of the CPSU Central Committee in 1952-1956, deputy Supreme Council USSR, deputy Secretary General Union of Writers of the USSR.

Simonov came from military family, which determined his interest in military history Russia, and later - to the army and its people. After graduating from school and becoming a factory teacher of furnace mechanics (1932), he studied at the Literary Institute named after. M. Gorky. Began publishing in 1936. student years published collections of poems “Real People” (1938), “Road Poems” (1939), poems “ Battle on the Ice"(1938), "Five Pages" (1938), "Winner" (1938), "Suvorov" (1940). After graduating from the Literary Institute, Simonov entered graduate school at IFLI, but was sent in the summer of 1939 by the Political Directorate of the Red Army to Mongolia, to Khalkhin Gol, where battles were taking place with the Japanese, as an employee of the newspaper “Heroic Red Army”. The first military impressions became the basis for the cycle of poems “To the Neighbors in the Yurt” (1939) and the play “The Guy from Our City” (1941), widely staged by theaters.

Wait for me and I will come back,
All deaths are out of spite.
Whoever didn't wait for me, let him
He will say: - Lucky.
They don’t understand, those who didn’t expect them,
Like in the middle of fire
By your expectation
You saved me.
We'll know how I survived
Just you and me, -
You just knew how to wait
Like no one else.

Simonov Konstantin Mikhailovich

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Simonov was a front-line correspondent for the central army newspaper"A red star". His essays and correspondence from hot spots were noticed by readers, but his poems made him famous when on January 14, 1942, Pravda published the poem “Wait for Me.” To this poem was added the following month, “Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region...” and six months later - “Kill him! (“If your home is dear to you...”). They became poetic symbols of the ongoing war.

As a war correspondent, Simonov visited all fronts, walked through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin. After the war, his collections of essays appeared: “Letters from Czechoslovakia”, “Slavic Friendship”, “Yugoslav Notebook”, “From the Black to the Barents Sea. Notes of a war correspondent."

Simonov's post-war career was dizzying. He was not yet 30 when he became one of the leaders of the Writers' Union and was appointed editor of the New World magazine (1940-1950), then Literaturnaya Gazeta (1950-1954). He became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee. The enormous popularity of his wartime works and his fantastic performance played a role.

After the war, he spent three years on numerous foreign business trips (Japan, USA, China). From 1958 to 1960 lived in Tashkent as a correspondent for Pravda on the republics of Central Asia.

Simonov again returns to the theme of war - in 1952 the novel “Comrades in Arms” was published, then big Book- “The Living and the Dead” (1959). In 1963-1964. writes the novel “Soldiers Are Not Born.” (In 1970-1971 a continuation will be written - “The Last Summer”.)

Konstantin Simonov

Russian Soviet prose writer, poet and screenwriter; public figure, journalist, war correspondent; hero of Socialist Labor; laureate of Lenin and six Stalin Prizes

short biography

Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich Simonov(November 28, 1915, Petrograd - August 28, 1979, Moscow) - Russian Soviet prose writer, poet and film screenwriter. Public figure, journalist, war correspondent. Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). Winner of the Lenin Prize (1974) and six Stalin Prizes (1942, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950). Participant in the battles at Khalkhin Gol (1939) and the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, colonel Soviet army. Deputy General Secretary of the USSR Writers' Union.

Born on November 15 (28), 1915 in Petrograd in the family of Major General Mikhail Simonov and Princess Alexandra Obolenskaya.

I never saw my father: he went missing at the front during the First World War. world war(as the writer noted in official biography, according to his son A.K. Simonov - traces of his grandfather were lost in Poland in 1922). In 1919, mother and son moved to Ryazan, where she married a military expert, a teacher of military affairs, former colonel Russian imperial army A. G. Ivanisheva. The boy was raised by his stepfather, who taught tactics at military schools, and then became the commander of the Red Army (“he secretly loved me, and I also secretly loved him”). The mother raised her son and ran the household.

Konstantin's childhood was spent in military camps and commander's dormitories. After finishing seven classes, he, carried away by the idea of socialist construction, went to get a working specialty and entered the factory school(FZU). He worked as a metal turner, first in Saratov, and then in Moscow, where the family moved in 1931. The move was preceded by a four-month arrest of the stepfather, his dismissal from work and the eviction of the family from their living space.

Earning seniority, Simonov continued to work even after he entered the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute to study (at first he studied as an evening student, and a year later he switched to full-time and left his job). A classmate was the later famous writer Valentin Portugalov (arrested in 1937 on charges of anti-Soviet activity).

As an aspiring writer from among the workers, Simonov in 1934 had a creative business trip from Goslitizdat to the White Sea Canal, from which he returned with the feeling of attending a school of re-education (“reforging”) of the criminal element (criminals) through creative work.

In 1935, Simonov’s maternal aunts were evicted to Orenburg region for their noble origins (“I had a very strong and very acute sense of the injustice of what had been done”), two of them died there in 1938.

In 1938, Konstantin Simonov graduated from the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute. By this time, he had already published several works - in 1936, Simonov’s first poems were published in the magazines “Young Guard” and “October”.

In the same year, Simonov was accepted into the USSR SP, entered graduate school at IFLI, and published the poem “Pavel Cherny.”

In 1939 he was sent as a war correspondent to Khalkhin Gol, but did not return to graduate school.

Shortly before leaving for the front, he finally changes his name and instead of his native one, Kirill takes the pseudonym Konstantin Simonov. The reason is in the peculiarities of Simonov’s diction and articulation: without pronouncing “r” and hard “l”, pronounce given name it was difficult for him. The pseudonym becomes a literary fact, and soon the poet Konstantin Simonov gains all-Union popularity. The poet’s mother did not recognize the new name and called her son Kiryusha until the end of her life.

In 1940, he wrote his first play, “The Story of a Love,” staged on the stage of the Theater. Lenin Komsomol; in 1941 - the second - “A guy from our city.” For a year he studied at the war correspondents' courses at the VPA named after V.I. Lenin, and on June 15, 1941 received the military rank of quartermaster of the second rank.

At the beginning of the war, he was drafted into the Red Army, as a correspondent from the Active Army he was published in Izvestia, and worked in the front-line newspaper Battle Banner.

In the summer of 1941, as special correspondent"Red Star" was in besieged Odessa.

In 1942 he was awarded the rank of senior battalion commissar, in 1943 - the rank of lieutenant colonel, and after the war - colonel. During the war years he wrote the plays “Russian People”, “Wait for Me”, “So It Will Be”, the story “Days and Nights”, two books of poems “With You and Without You” and “War”.

By order of the Armed Forces of the Western Front No. 482 dated May 3, 1942, the senior battalion commissar Kirill Mikhailovich Simonov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Most of his military correspondence was published in the Red Star.

11/04/1944 Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Mikhailovich Simonov, special. correspondent of the newspaper "Red Star", awarded the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus".

As a war correspondent, he visited all fronts, walked through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed last battles for Berlin.

By order of the Armed Forces of the 4th Ukrainian Front No.: 132/n dated: 05/30/1945, correspondent of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, Lieutenant Colonel Simonov, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, for writing a series of essays about soldiers of units of the 4th Ukrainian Front and the 1st Czechoslovak Corps, the presence of the commanders of the 101st and 126th infantry corps during the battles at the OP and the presence in units of the 1st Czechoslovak Corps during the offensive battles.

By order of the Heads of the Red Army PU dated July 19, 1945, Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Mikhailovich Simonov was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Moscow.”

After the war, his collections of essays appeared: “Letters from Czechoslovakia”, “Slavic Friendship”, “Yugoslav Notebook”, “From the Black to the Barents Sea. Notes of a war correspondent."

After the war during three years spent time on numerous foreign business trips (Japan, USA, China), worked as editor-in-chief of the New World magazine. In 1958-1960 he lived and worked in Tashkent as Pravda’s own correspondent for the republics of Central Asia. As a special correspondent for Pravda, he covered the events on Damansky Island (1969).

After Stalin's death, the following lines from Simonov were published:

There are no words to describe them
All the intolerance of grief and sadness.
There are no words to tell,
How we mourn for you, Comrade Stalin...

The first novel, Comrades in Arms, was published in 1952, followed by a larger book, The Living and the Dead (1959). In 1961, the Sovremennik Theater staged Simonov’s play “The Fourth.” In 1963-1964 he wrote the novel “Soldiers Are Not Born”, in 1970-1971 - “The Last Summer”. Based on Simonov’s scripts, the films “A Guy from Our City” (1942), “Wait for Me” (1943), “Days and Nights” (1943-1944), “Immortal Garrison” (1956), “Normandy-Niemen” (1960) were produced , together with S. Spaak and E. Triolet), “The Living and the Dead” (1964), “Retribution” (1967), “Twenty Days Without War” (1976).

In 1946-1950 and 1954-1958, Simonov was editor-in-chief of the New World magazine; in 1950-1953 - editor-in-chief of Literaturnaya Gazeta. According to F. M. Burlatsky, a few days after the death of Generalissimo Simonov published an article in Literaturnaya Gazeta in which he proclaimed main task writers reflect the great historical role Stalin. Khrushchev was extremely irritated by this article. He called the Writers' Union and demanded Simonov's removal from the post of editor-in-chief of Literaturnaya Gazeta). In 1946-1959 and 1967-1979, Simonov was secretary of the USSR SP.

In 1978, the Writers' Union appointed Simonov chairman of the commission for preparations for the 100th anniversary of the birth of the poet Alexander Blok.

Deputy of the USSR Supreme Council of the 2nd and 3rd convocations (1946-1954), deputy of the USSR Supreme Council of the 4th convocation (1955) from the Ishimbay constituency No. 724. Candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee (1952-1956). Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1956-1961 and 1976-1979.

Konstantin Simonov died of lung cancer on August 28, 1979 in Moscow. According to the will, Simonov's ashes were scattered over the Buinichi field near Mogilev. Seven people took part in the procession: widow Larisa Zhadova, children, Mogilev front-line veterans. A year and a half after the writer’s death, the ashes of Simonov’s last wife, Larisa, were scattered over the Buinichi field. She wanted to be close to her husband. Simonov wrote: “I was not a soldier, I was just a correspondent, but I have a piece of land that I will never forget - a field near Mogilev, where for the first time in July 1941 I saw how our people were knocked out and burned in one day 39 German tanks..." This is exactly what he wrote about in the novel "The Living and the Dead" and the diary " Different days war." On a huge boulder installed at the edge of the field, the signature of the writer “Konstantin Simonov” and the dates of his life 1915-1979 are stamped. And on the other hand, on the boulder there is also Memorial plaque with the inscription: “...All his life he remembered this battlefield of 1941 and bequeathed to scatter his ashes here.”

The return to the reader of the novels of Ilf and Petrov, the publication of Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita” and Hemingway’s “For Whom the Bell Tolls”, the defense of Lily Brik, whom high-ranking “literary historians” decided to delete from Mayakovsky’s biography, the first full translation plays by Arthur Miller and Eugene O’Neill, the publication of Vyacheslav Kondratiev’s first story “Sashka” - this is a far from complete list of Simonov’s “herculean labors”, only those that achieved their goal and only in the field of literature. But there was also participation in the “punching” of performances at Sovremennik and the Taganka Theater, the first posthumous exhibition of Tatlin, the restoration of the exhibition “XX Years of Work” by Mayakovsky, participation in the cinematic fate of Alexei German and dozens of other filmmakers, artists, and writers. Not a single unanswered letter. Dozens of volumes of Simonov’s daily efforts, which he called “Everything Done,” stored today in TsGALI, contain thousands of his letters, notes, statements, petitions, requests, recommendations, reviews, analyzes and advice, prefaces paving the way for “impenetrable” books and publications. Simon's comrades in arms enjoyed special attention. Hundreds of people began to write war memoirs after reading Simonov’s “tests of writing” and sympathetically appraising them. He tried to help former front-line soldiers solve many everyday problems: hospitals, apartments, dentures, glasses, unreceived awards, unfulfilled biographies.

Criticism

Simonov participated in the campaign against “rootless cosmopolitans,” in pogrom meetings against Mikhail Zoshchenko and Anna Akhmatova in Leningrad, in the persecution of Boris Pasternak, and in writing a letter against Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov in 1973.

According to V.N. Eremenko, “at the end of his life he allegedly repented for his conformism and those concessions to literary officials when he was the editor-in-chief of Literature, and then of Novy Mir.” As Eremenko noted: “At the same time, from our conversations, we got the impression that Simonov, with his protests and confrontation with high officials, seemed to be atone for the sins of his youth, when he too zealously carried out the will and line of high party authorities.”

Awards and prizes

Hero of Socialist Labor (27.9.1974)
three Orders of Lenin (11/27/1965; 7/2/1971; 9/27/1974)
Order of the Red Banner (3.5.1942)
two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (30.5.1945; 23.9.1945)
Order of the Badge of Honor (31.1.1939)
medal "In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1970)
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" (1944)
medal "For the Defense of Odessa" (1942)
medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" (1942)
Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" (1944)
medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War" Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1945)
anniversary medal "Twenty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" (1965)
anniversary medal "Thirty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" (1975)
Medal "For the Liberation of Prague" (1945)
USSR Ministry of Defense badge “25 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945” (1970)
Cross of the Order of the White Lion "For Victory" (Czechoslovakia)
Military Cross 1939 (Czechoslovakia)
Order of Sukhbaatar (Mongolian People's Republic)
Lenin Prize (1974) - for the trilogy “The Living and the Dead”, “Soldiers Are Not Born”, “The Last Summer”
Stalin Prize, first degree (1942) - for the play “A Guy from Our City”
Stalin Prize, second degree (1943) - for the play “Russian People”
Stalin Prize, second degree (1946) - for the novel “Days and Nights”
Stalin Prize, first degree (1947) - for the play “The Russian Question”
Stalin Prize, first degree (1949) - for the collection of poems “Friends and Enemies”
Stalin Prize, second degree (1950) - for the play “Alien Shadow”
State Prize of the RSFSR named after the Vasiliev brothers (1966) - for literary basis film "The Living and the Dead" (1963)

Family

Parents

Mother: princess Obolenskaya Alexandra Leonidovna(1890, St. Petersburg - 1975)
Father: Mikhail Agafangelovich Simonov(husband of A.L. Obolenskaya since 1912). According to some sources, he is of Armenian origin.
Stepfather: Alexander Grigorievich Ivanishev(husband of A. L. Obolenskaya since 1919) (1887-1965)

Father Mikhail Simonov (March 29, 1871 - ?), Major General, participant in the First World War, holder of orders, received his education at the Oryol Bakhtinsky cadet corps. Entered service on September 1, 1889.

Graduate (1897) of the Imperial Nicholas Military Academy.

1909 - Colonel of the Separate Border Guard Corps.

In March 1915 - commander of the 12th Velikolutsky infantry regiment. Awarded St. George's weapon. Chief of Staff of the 43rd army corps(July 8, 1915 – October 19, 1917). Major General (December 6, 1915).

The latest information about him dates back to 1920-1922 and reports his emigration to Poland.

Here's what Alexey Simonov, the writer's son, says about this:

History of the Simonov family. I came across this topic in 2005, when I was making a two-part documentary about my father, “Ka-Em.” The fact is that my grandfather, Alexander Grigorievich Ivanishev, was not my father’s natural father. Konstantin Mikhailovich was born to his grandmother in her first marriage, when she was married to Mikhail Simonov, a military man, a graduate of the General Staff Academy, who received a major general in 1915. His further fate was unknown for a long time; his father wrote in his autobiographies that he went missing in imperialist war, then stopped mentioning him altogether. While working on the film, I found letters from my grandmother from the early 1920s to her sisters in Paris, where she writes that Mikhail showed up in Poland and was inviting her and her son to come there. At that time she already had an affair with Ivanishev, and, apparently, there was something else in this relationship that did not allow them to be restored. But the grandmother still kept the surname Simonov for her son, although she herself became Ivanisheva.
Sivtsev Vrazhek...

In another interview, Alexei Simonov answers a question about Stalin’s attitude towards his father:

You know, I don’t find any evidence that Stalin treated his father particularly well. Yes, my father became famous early. But not because Stalin loved him, but because he wrote “Wait for me.” This poem was a prayer for those who were waiting for their husbands from the war. It drew Stalin’s attention to my dad.
My father had a “bug” in his biography: my grandfather went missing on the eve of civil war. At that time, this fact was enough to accuse the father of anything. Stalin understood that if he nominated his father, he would serve, if not out of conscience, then certainly out of fear. And so it happened.

His grandfather, accountant, collegiate assessor Simonov Agafangel Mikhailovich is mentioned in the Address-calendar of the Kaluga province for 1861 with his brother and sisters: court councilor Mikhail Mikhailovich Simonov, the girl Evgenia Mikhailovna Simonova, a classy lady from the nobility, and Agrafena Mikhailovna Simonova, a girl teacher of the preparatory class, from the nobility.

In 1870, Agafangel Mikhailovich Simonov - Court Advisor

The story of the family of my grandmother, Daria Ivanovna, née Schmidt.

The Schmidts were also nobles of the Kaluga province.

Wives

The first wife of Konstantin Simonov - Natalya Viktorovna Ginzburg (Sokolova) (August 12, 1916, Odessa - September 25, 2002, Moscow), writer, was born in the family of Viktor Yakovlevich Ginzburg (Tipot), playwright and director, author of the libretto "Weddings in Malinovka", one one of the founders of the Moscow Theater of Satire, brother of the memoirist L. Ya. Ginzburg. Natalya Viktorovna’s mother is theater artist Nadezhda Germanovna Blumenfeld. In 1938, Natalya (Ata) Ginzburg (Tipot) graduated with honors from the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute. She has been published as a literary critic since 1936, and in 1948-1949 she was in charge of the prose editors at the Profizdat publishing house. Since 1957, nine of her prose books have been published. Simonov dedicated his poem “Five Pages” (1938) to her.

Second wife - Evgenia Samoilovna Laskina (1915, Orsha - 1991, Moscow) (cousin of Boris Laskin), philologist (graduated from the Literary Institute on June 22, 1941), literary editor, head of the poetry department of the Moscow magazine. In 1949 it suffered during the campaign against cosmopolitanism. Thanks to her, Shalamov was published; readers also owe it to her for the publication of Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” in the mid-1960s. In 1939, their son Alexei was born.

On front roads. Valentina Serova
and Konstantin Simonov,
1944

In 1940, Simonov broke up with Laskina, having become interested in the actress Valentina Serova, a widow shortly before dead pilot, Hero of Spain, brigade commander Anatoly Serov.

Love inspired Simonov in his work. Serova’s dedication was the poem “Wait for Me” (1941). According to literary scholars, with this work the poet made the actress a symbol of fidelity in the eyes of millions of Soviet readers - a burden that Valentina Vasilievna could not cope with. Here is what daughter Maria tells about the history of the creation of the poem:

It was written at the beginning of the war. In June-July, my father, as a military correspondent, was on Western Front, almost died near Mogilev, and at the end of July he briefly ended up in Moscow. And, staying overnight at Lev Kassil’s dacha in Peredelkino, he suddenly wrote “Wait for me” in one sitting. At first he did not intend to publish the poem; he considered it too personal and read it only to those closest to him. But it was copied by hand, and when one of his friends said that “Wait for Me” was his main cure for longing for his wife, Simonov gave up and decided to send it to print. In December of the same 1941, “Wait for Me” was published by Pravda, and in 1943 a film of the same name was released, where my mother played the main role.

In the same fortieth year, Simonov wrote the play “A Guy from Our City.” Valentina - prototype main character Varya's plays, and Anatoly Serov - Lukonin. The actress refuses to play in the new play, which is staged by the Lenin Komsomol Theater. The wound from the loss of my beloved husband is still too fresh.

In 1942, a collection of Simonov’s poems “With You and Without You” was published with a dedication to “Valentina Vasilievna Serova.” The book could not be obtained. Poems were copied by hand, learned by heart, sent to the front, and read aloud to each other. Not a single poet in those years knew such resounding success as Simonov experienced after the publication of “With You and Without You.”

The Lenin Komsomol Theater, where Serova served, returned from evacuation in Fergana only in April 1943. In the same year, Serova agreed to become Simonov’s wife. They got married in the summer of 1943 and lived in one house, which was always full of guests.

Throughout the war, Serova went to the front together with Simonov and as part of concert brigades. At the end of the war, information circulated in creative circles about Serova’s affair with a major Soviet military leader Konstantin Rokossovsky, which negatively affected her relationship with Simonov.

In 1946, fulfilling the government's instructions to return emigrant writers, Simonov went to France. While in Paris, Simonov introduced his beloved wife to Ivan Bunin, Teffi, and Boris Zaitsev.

Whether this actually happened or not is not known for certain, but the fact that Serova saved Bunin from imminent death was gossiped about in the kitchens. In 1946, Simonov, who received the task of persuading Nobel laureate Ivan Bunin returned to his homeland and took his wife with him to Paris. Bunin was fascinated by Serova, and she allegedly managed to whisper in his ear so that he would not think of returning to his death. Whether this is true or not, we repeat, is unknown, but Simonov no longer took his wife on foreign voyages.

They lived together for fifteen years. In 1950, a daughter, Maria, was born into this marriage.

After breaking up in the mid-1950s, Simonov removed from the reissue of his poems all the dedications to Serova, except one, on the poem “Wait for me,” encrypted in the initials. To the funeral ex-wife in December 1975, the poet sent a bouquet of 58 scarlet roses.

Last wife (1957) - Larisa Alekseevna Zhadova (1927-1981), daughter of Hero Soviet Union General A.S. Zhadov, widow of front-line comrade Simonov, poet S.P. Gudzenko. Zhadova graduated from Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, a famous Soviet art critic, specialist in the Russian avant-garde. Simonov adopted the five-year-old daughter of Zhadova and Gudzenko, Ekaterina, then they had a daughter, Alexandra.

Children and grandchildren

Son - Alexey Kirillovich Simonov (born 1939)
Daughters -

Maria Kirillovna Simonova (born 1950). Ekaterina Kirillovna Simonova-Gudzenko (born 1951) Alexandra Kirillovna Simonova (1957-2000)

Essays

Cover of the collected works of K. Simonov in 10 volumes. Hudlit, 1984

Autograph of K. Simonov in the 1950s

Autograph of K. Simonov in the 1960s

Collected works

Collected works in 10 volumes + 2 additional volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1979-1987.
Collected Works in 6 volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1966-1970.
Essays. T. 1-3. - M.: Goslitizdat, 1952-1953.

Poems and poems

"Glory"
“Winner” (1937, poem about Nikolai Ostrovsky),
“Pavel Cherny” (M., 1938, a poem glorifying the builders of the White Sea-Baltic Canal),
“Battle on the Ice” (poem). M., Pravda, 1938
Real people. M., 1938
Road poems. - M., Soviet writer, 1939
Poems of the thirty-ninth year. M., 1940
Suvorov. Poem. M., 1940
Winner. M., Voenizdat, 1941
The son of an artilleryman. M., 1941
Poems of the year 41. M., Pravda, 1942
Front line poems. M., 1942
War. Poems 1937-1943. M., Soviet writer, 1944
Friends and enemies. M., Goslitizdat, 1952
Poems 1954. M., 1955
Ivan and Marya. Poem. M., 1958
25 poems and one poem. M., 1968
Vietnam, winter of '70. M., 1971
If your home is dear to you...
“With you and without you” (collection of poems). M., Pravda, 1942
“Days and Nights” (about the Battle of Stalingrad)
I know you ran in battle...
“Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region...”
“The major brought the boy on a gun carriage..” Smile

Novels and stories

Days and nights. Tale. M., Voenizdat, 1944 (film adaptation 1943)
Proud man. Tale. 1945.
"Comrades in Arms" (novel, 1952; new edition - 1971),
“The Living and the Dead” (novel, 1959),
- “They are not born soldiers” (1963-1964, novel; 2nd part of the trilogy “The Living and the Dead”; in 1969 - the film “Retribution” directed by Alexander Stolper),
- “The Last Summer” (novel, 1971, 3rd (final) part of the trilogy “The Living and the Dead”).
“Smoke of the Fatherland” (1947, story)
"Southern Tales" (1956-1961)
"So-called personal life(From Lopatin’s notes)" (1965, cycle of stories; 1975 - play of the same name, premiere - Sovremennik Theater)
Twenty days without war. M., 1973
Sofya Leonidovna. M., 1985

Diaries, memoirs, essays

Simonov K. M. Different days of the war. Writer's Diary. - M.: Fiction, 1982. - T. 1. - 479 p. - 300,000 copies.
Simonov K. M. Different days of the war. Writer's Diary. - M.: Fiction, 1982. - T. 2. - 688 p. - 300,000 copies.
“Through the eyes of a man of my generation. Reflections on J.V. Stalin" (1979, published in 1988)
Far to the east. Khalkingol notes. M., 1969
"Japan. 46" (travel diary),
“Letters from Czechoslovakia” (collection of essays),
“Slavic Friendship” (collection of essays),
“Yugoslav Notebook” (collection of essays), M., 1945
“From the Black to the Barents Sea. Notes of a war correspondent" (collection of essays).
During these years. Journalism 1941-1950. M., 1951
Norwegian diary. M., 1956
In this difficult world. M., 1974

Plays

“The Story of One Love” (1940, premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater, 1940) (new edition - 1954)
“A Guy from Our City” (1941, play; premiere of the play - Lenin Komsomol Theater, 1941 (the play was staged in 1955 and 1977); in 1942 - a film of the same name)
“Russian People” (1942, published in the newspaper “Pravda”; at the end of 1942 the premiere of the play was successfully held in New York; in 1943 - the film “In the Name of the Motherland”, directors - Vsevolod Pudovkin, Dmitry Vasiliev; in 1979 - a teleplay of the same name , directors - Maya Markova, Boris Ravenskikh)
Wait for me (play). 1943
“So it will be” (1944, premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater)
“Under the chestnut trees of Prague” (1945. Premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater. It was popular, since 1946 it was shown throughout the country. In 1965 - a teleplay of the same name, directors Boris Nirenburg, Nadezhda Marusalova (Ivanenkova))
“Russian Question” (1946, premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater; in 1947 - film of the same name, scriptwriter and director Mikhail Romm)
"Alien Shadow" (1949)
“Good Name” (1951) (new edition - 1954)
“The Fourth” (1961, premiere - Sovremennik Theater, 1972 - film of the same name)
Friends remain friends. (1965, co-authored with V. Dykhovichny)
From Lopatin's notes. (1974)

Scenarios

“Wait for me” (together with Alexander Stolper, 1943, director - Alexander Stolper)
“Days and Nights” (1944, director - Alexander Stolper)
“The Second Caravan” (1950, together with Zakhar Agranenko, production directors - Amo Bek-Nazarov and Ruben Simonov)
“The Life of Andrei Shvetsov” (1952, together with Zakhar Agranenko)
“The Immortal Garrison” (1956, director - Eduard Tisse),
“Normandie - Niemen” (co-authors - Charles Spaak, Elsa Triolet, 1960, directors Jean Dreville, Damir Vyatich-Berezhnykh)
“Levashov” (1963, teleplay, director - Leonid Pchelkin)
“The Living and the Dead” (together with Alexander Stolper, director - Alexander Stolper, 1964)
“Retribution” 1967, (together with Alexander Stolper, Feature Film, based on part II of the novel “The Living and the Dead” - “Soldiers are not born”)
“If your home is dear to you” (1967, script and text of the documentary film, director Vasily Ordynsky),
“Grenada, Grenada, my Grenada” (1968, documentary film, director - Roman Karmen, film poem; All-Union Film Festival award)
“The Case of Polynin” (together with Alexei Sakharov, 1971, director - Alexei Sakharov)
“There is no such thing as someone else’s grief” (1973, documentary about the Vietnam War),
“A Soldier Walked” (1975, documentary)
"A Soldier's Memoirs" (1976, TV movie)
“Ordinary Arctic” (1976, Lenfilm, director - Alexey Simonov, introduction from the author of the film script and a cameo role)
“Konstantin Simonov: I remain a military writer” (1975, documentary film)
“Twenty days without war” (based on the story (1972), director - Alexey German, 1976), text from the author
“We won’t see you” (1981, teleplay, directors - Maya Markova, Valery Fokin)
“Road to Berlin” (2015, feature film, Mosfilm - director Sergei Popov. Based on the story “Two in the Steppe” by Emmanuel Kazakevich and the war diaries of Konstantin Simonov.

Translations

Rudyard Kipling in Simonov's translations
Nasimi, Lyrica. Translation by Naum Grebnev and Konstantin Simonov from Azerbaijani and Farsi. Fiction, Moscow, 1973.
Kakhkhar A., Tales of the Past. Translation from Uzbek by Kamron Khakimov and Konstantin Simonov. Soviet writer, Moscow, 1970
Azerbaijani folk songs“Hey look, look here!”, “Beauty”, “Well in Yerevan”. Soviet writer, Leningrad, 1978
and other translations

Memory

Memorial on house 2 on Chernyakhovsky Street, in which K. M. Simonov lived.

Streets in cities of the former USSR

Konstantin Simonov Street in Moscow
Simonova Street (St. Petersburg)
Konstantin Simonov Street in Volgograd
Simonova street in Kazan
Konstantin Simonov Street in Gulkevichi (Krasnodar Territory)
Simonova Street in Mogilev
Simonova Street in Krivoy Rog (Dnepropetrovsk region)

Memorial plaques

In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the house where Konstantin Simonov lived (Chernyakhovskogo Street, 2).
In Ryazan, on the building of the school where K. M. Simonov studied in 1925-1927 (Sobornaya Street, 9), a memorial plaque was installed.

Cinema

K. Simonov became the hero of two episodes of the documentary series “ Historical chronicles with Nikolai Svanidze."
K. Simonov. “Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region.” Oleg Tabakov. Fragment of the opening ceremony of the Year of Literature

Other

Asteroid Simonov (2426 Simonov).
A comfortable four-deck motor ship of Project 302 “Konstantin Simonov”, built in 1984 in the GDR.
Library named after Simonov State Budgetary Institution of Culture of Moscow Central Bank of Southern Administrative Okrug No. 162.

100 years of K. Simonov

In 2015, the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth was celebrated. On February 26, 2015, under the chairmanship of the head of Rospechat, Mikhail Seslavinsky, an organizing committee was formed for the preparation and celebration memorable date. As part of the celebration, exhibitions were organized dedicated to the life and work of Konstantin Simonov, as well as the history of the creation of the films “The Living and the Dead” and “Retribution” based on his novels. Plan anniversary events also included the release and re-release of Simonov's works, broadcasts documentaries and broadcasts on central television channels, organizing technical support for a website dedicated to the life and work of the writer. November 28, 2015 at Central house The writer had a gala evening dedicated to his anniversary.

Life and work of K.M. Simonova

In our country there were and are many wonderful poets and writers who dedicated their work to military themes. True, there are fewer and fewer of them. But our knowledge of those tragic and great days still cannot be considered complete and complete.

The work of Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov (1915-1979) occupies special place in Russian literature.

His name at birth: Kirill, but in the 30s of the 20th century he chose the pseudonym Konstantin Simonov, since he could not pronounce either the “r” or “l” sound in his own name.

Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich Simonov was born in 1915 in Petrograd. Mother, Alexandra Leonidovna, is a real Obolenskaya, from a famous princely family. In his “Autobiography,” written in 1978, Simonov does not mention his physical father; he was raised by his stepfather, Alexander Ivanovich Ivanishchev, a participant in the Japanese and German war, a teacher at a military school, whom he loved and respected very much.

He spent his childhood in Ryazan and Saratov. The family was military and lived in commander's dormitories. Taken from military service habits - neatness, exactingness towards oneself and others, discipline, restraint - formed a special family atmosphere: “Discipline in the family was strict, purely military. There was a strict daily routine, everything was done by the hour, at zero-zero, you couldn’t be late, you weren’t supposed to object, you had to keep your word given to anyone, every lie, even the smallest one, was despised.” For Simonov, the military will forever remain people of special talent and style - he will forever want to imitate them.

After graduating from a seven-year school in 1930, K. Simonov studied at a federal educational institution to become a turner. In 1931, the family moved to Moscow, and Simonov, having graduated from the factory teacher of precision mechanics here, went to work at the plant. Simonov explained his choice in his “Autobiography” for two reasons: “The first and main thing is the five-year plan, the tractor plant that was just built not far from us, in Stalingrad, and general atmosphere the romance of construction, which captured me already in the sixth grade of school. The second reason is the desire to earn money on your own.” During these same years he began to write poetry. Began publishing in 1934.

Worked until 1935.

In 1936, poems by K. Simonov were published in the magazines “Young Guard” and “October”. The first poem was “Pavel Cherny” (1938), glorifying the builders of the White Sea-Baltic Canal. In the Autobiography the poem is mentioned as the first difficult experience, crowned with literary success: its publication in the collection “Show of Forces”.

From 1934 to 1938 he studied at the Literary Institute. Gorky, after graduation he entered graduate school at the IFLI (Institute of History, Philosophy, Literature), but in 1939 he was sent as a war correspondent to Khalkhin Gol in Mongolia and never returned to the institute.

During these years he published a book of poems “Real People” (1938), poems “Battle of the Ice” (1938), “Suvorov” (1939). Soon he acted as a playwright (plays “The Story of a Love” (1940), “A Guy from Our Town” (1941)).

During Finnish war completed a two-month course for war correspondents at the Frunze Military Academy, and from the fall of 1940 to July 1941, another course at the Military-Political Academy; receives the military rank of quartermaster of the second rank.

During the Great Patriotic War, he worked as a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, constantly being in the active army. In his Autobiography, Simonov admitted: “Almost all the material - for books written during the war, and for most post-war ones - was given to me by working as a correspondent at the front.” In 1942 he joined the CPSU(b). In the same year he was awarded the rank of senior battalion commissar, in 1943 - the rank of lieutenant colonel, and after the war - colonel.

But nevertheless, the publication of the poem “Wait for Me” in the Pravda newspaper in January 1942 brought national fame to the writer.

K.M. Simonov was one of the first who began a thorough study of captured documents of the Nazi army after the war. He had long and detailed conversations with Marshals Zhukov, Konev and other people who fought a lot.

Konstantin Simonov, through his essays, poems and military prose, showed what he himself and thousands of other participants in the war saw and experienced. He did a tremendous job of studying and deeply understanding the experience of the war from this point of view. He did not embellish the war; he vividly and figuratively showed its harsh face. Simonov’s front-line notes “Different Days of the War” are unique from the point of view of a truthful reproduction of the war. By reading such deeply insightful testimonies, even front-line soldiers enrich themselves with new observations and more deeply comprehend many seemingly well-known events.

During the war years, he also wrote the plays “Russian People”, “So It Will Be”, the story “Days and Nights”, two books of poems “With You and Without You” and “War”.

The study of Simonov’s creativity and his socio-political activities is relevant for history today, since the main thing in the work of Konstantin Simonov was the affirmation both in literature and in life of the ideas of defending the Fatherland and a deep understanding of patriotic and military duty. The work of K. Simonov makes us think every time under what circumstances, in what way our army and people, who won the Great Patriotic War, were educated. Our literature and art, including Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov, made their contribution to this matter.

In 1942, N. Tikhonov called Simonov “the voice of his generation.” L. Fink considers this definition not broad enough; in his book about K. Simonov he writes: “K. Simonov was a tribune and an agitator, he expressed and inspired his generation. Then he became its chronicler.” So, history in the fate and work of K. Simonov was reflected with all its completeness and obviousness.

In his work, Simonov does not bypass many others complex problems, which we have to face during the war, and which continue to worry our public in the post-war years and especially in connection with the events in Afghanistan and Chechnya.

Books about K. Simonov have been published by I. Vishnevskaya, S. Fradkina, L. Fink, D.A. Berman, B.M. Tolochinskaya, many articles and chapters dedicated to him in books about military theme in literature. The following people wrote deeply and seriously about K. Simonov: famous researchers, like A. Abramov, G. Belaya, A. Bocharov, Z. Kedrina, G. Lomidze, V. Novikov, A. Makarov, V. Piskunov, P. Toper.

A large number of articles about the life and work of K. Simonov were published and are still published in the magazines where K. Simonov worked - “Banner” and “New World”.

Large monographic studies about K. Simonov are few in number, but for the researcher great material give memories of contemporaries about Konstantin Simonov, about different stages his personal and creative path.

The book is interesting primarily to honest true story about K. Simonov, his generation, his era. A. Simonov does not pretend to be comprehensive in his evidence. But it is precisely the particularity stated in the title of the book (“it’s not who they are, the heroes of this book, it’s the way I remember them or the way I love them”) that is much more attractive than the pressure of “the truth in last resort" Excellent words have been said about the “writerly puritanism” of Simonov, who (although he was considered advanced and even pro-Western among his peers) was humanly, like a man, disgusted by “unbridledness”, self-examination on the verge of self-flagellation. Simonov the son turns out to be capable of recognizing Simonov the father as a characteristic phenomenon, typical of his time.

In the post-war years, K. Simonov - a poet and warrior, journalist and public figure - wrote, based on the impressions of trips abroad, a book of poems “Friends and Enemies” (1948), the story “Smoke of the Fatherland”, worked a lot in drama, created an epic narrative in prose about Patriotic War - novels “The Living and the Dead” (1959) and “Soldiers Are Not Born” (1964).

In the post-war years, Simonov’s social activities developed as follows: in 1946-50 Chief Editor magazine "New World". In 1946-54 deputy. General Secretary of the Writers' Union of the USSR. In 1946-54, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1952-56, member of the CPSU Central Committee. In 1954-58 he again headed the New World. At the same time, in 1954-59 and 1967-79, secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR. In 1956-61 and since 1976, member of the Central Audit Commission of the CPSU.

In 1974 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. K. Simonov died in 1979 in Moscow.

Simonov Konstantin. His biography in this article will begin with an indication of his place of birth. And this place is Petrograd.

So, on November 15 (or the 28th according to the new style) Konstantin (although his real name is Kirill) Mikhailovich was born. He was raised by his stepfather, who taught at a military school. Where did you live in your childhood? famous writer, Simonov Konstantin? His biography tells us that he then lived in Saratov and Ryazan.

In 1930, Simonov graduated from the seven-year school, after which he went to master the profession of a turner. The next year, his family moved to (the biography described here is as brief as possible, so many details may be missed) began working at the factory, and worked there until 1935. And in 1931, Simonov began writing poetry.

In 1936, the now famous Konstantin Simonov appeared for the first time in magazines (the biography also tells us their names - “Young Guard” and “October”). His first stories were published in these magazines. poetic works. In 1938, the writer completed his studies at. M. Gorky and IFLI. However, in next year he is sent to Mongolia to Khalkin-Gol. He works there. After this trip, Simonov never returned to the institute.

The first play, as the biography of Konstantin Simonov tells us, was written by him in 1940, and then staged at the Lenin Komsomol Theater. Its title is “The Story of a Love”. The second play was written by Konstantin Simonov the following year, and was called “The Guy from Our City.” Throughout the year, Konstantin did not waste time - he attended courses intended for war correspondents, which were located at the Military-Political Academy, and, in addition, received the military rank of quartermaster of the second rank.

Konstantin Simonov was an amazing person. short biography its not an indicator at all boring life. You can tell the world a lot about him.

As soon as it began, he was drafted into the army and began working for a newspaper called “Battle Banner.” Already in 1942, he became a senior battalion commissar, and in 1943, a lieutenant colonel. After the end of the war, Simonov completely joined the ranks of colonels. Almost all of his war materials were published in Red Star. During the war years, Konstantin wrote several plays, a story, and two books of poetry.

As a war correspondent, Simonov managed to visit all fronts, ran around the Romanian, Bulgarian, Yugoslav, Polish and personally saw last fights for Berlin. After the end of the war, his collections of essays were published.

In the post-war years, he traveled on many foreign business trips. In three years he traveled to Japan, the USA and China. As a correspondent for Pravda, he lived in Tashkent (1958-1960).

His first novel, Comrades in Arms, was released in 1952, followed by The Living and the Dead (1959). In 1961, Konstantin Simonov’s play “The Fourth” was staged. The production was staged by the Sovremennik Theater. From 1963 to 1964, Konstantin wrote the novel “Soldiers Are Not Born,” to which a sequel was written in 1970-1971, called “The Last Summer.”

Many of Simonov's novels were made into films and, in addition, the writer led a very active social life.

Konstantin Simonov passed away on the 28th of August, 1979.