Day Ground Forces Russia is celebrated October 1 by Presidential Decree Russian Federation No. 549 of May 31, 2006 “On the establishment professional holidays And memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."
Ground forces, as a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, are intended to conduct combat operations primarily on land. At all stages of the existence of our state, they played the most important, and often decisive role in achieving victory over the enemy, defense national interests.
The history of the creation of these troops turns us to mid-16th century century. On October 1, 1550, a historically turning point occurred in the construction and development of the regular Russian army. On this day, the Tsar of All Rus' Ivan IV (the Terrible) issued a Verdict (Decree) “On the placement in Moscow and surrounding districts of the chosen thousand service people", which, in fact, laid the foundations of the first standing army, who had signs regular army. And soon measures were taken to recruit the local army, permanent service was established in peacetime and wartime, and centralized control of the army and its supplies were organized.
Next important stage The reforms of Peter I began in the development of the Ground Forces. According to his decree “On the admission into service of soldiers from free people,” from 1699 the recruiting principle of forming troops began to operate, and after the end Northern War A regular army appeared in Russia. Under Alexander I, according to his famous manifesto, a ministry was created military ground forces. The reform was continued by Alexander II, who introduced universal military service, reorganized the structure of the army, methods of recruiting and arming troops, as well as the system of training military personnel.
TO end of the 19th century century, the technical component of the Ground Forces also changed, in connection with the development of railway traffic, aeronautics, and aviation. After the revolution of 1917, the development of the Ground Forces continued as part of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. And during the Great Patriotic War they played a decisive role in the victory over the Nazi troops.
The official registration of the Ground Forces as a branch of the Armed Forces of the USSR occurred in 1946, when a governing body was formed - the Main Command of the Ground Forces. And Marshal was appointed the first Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov.
New stage reforming this type of troops, and the entire Russian army, began after the collapse of the USSR. Today the Russian Ground Forces are the largest in combat personnel type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. According to their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other types of armed forces, to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel the enemy’s invasion, its large airborne assaults, firmly hold occupied territories, regions and borders.
Russian Ground Forces Day is traditionally celebrated on October 1 every year. In this article I will talk about the history of the creation of the Ground Forces, as well as why the date of the holiday is October 1.
In order to understand these issues, let us turn to history.
History of the creation of the Ground Forces
The history of the creation of the Ground Forces takes us back to the mid-16th century. On October 1, 1550, a historically turning point occurred in the construction and development of the regular Russian army.
On this day, the Tsar of All Rus' Ivan IV (the Terrible) issued a Verdict (Decree) “On the placement in Moscow and surrounding counties of a selected thousand service people,” which, in fact, laid the foundations of the first standing army, which had the characteristics of a regular army.
And soon measures were taken to recruit the local army, permanent service was established in peacetime and wartime, and centralized control of the army and its supplies were organized.
The next important stage in the development of the Ground Forces was the reforms of Peter I. According to his decree “On the admission of soldiers from free people into service,” the recruiting principle of army formation began to operate in 1699, and after the end of the Northern War a regular army appeared in Russia.
Under Alexander I, according to his famous manifesto, the Ministry of Military and Ground Forces was created. The reform was continued by Alexander II, who introduced universal conscription, reorganized the structure of the army, methods of recruiting and arming troops, as well as the system of training military personnel.
By the end of the 19th century, the technical component of the Ground Forces had also changed significantly, in connection with the development of railway traffic, aeronautics, and aviation. After the revolution of 1917, the development of the Ground Forces continued as part of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
And during the Great Patriotic War they played a decisive role in the victory over the Nazi troops.
On May 31, 2006, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin signed decree No. 549 “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation,” which ordered that “Ground Forces Day” be celebrated on October 1.
On my own behalf, I would like to congratulate everyone involved in this holiday with the following poem:
Russian Ground Forces Day
And three times “hurray”!
I wish you courage and strength,
Success, peace and goodness.I wish you health and prosperity,
I wish the whole country to be proud of you.
I wish you calm days and no despair,
I wish your soul to live in harmony.
Happy holiday, fellow military personnel! Hooray! Hooray! Hurray!
P.S. If you are interested in the structure and purpose of the Ground Forces, then you can familiarize yourself with them in detail in the article.
Peaceful sky above your head,
The history of the Russian ground forces began on October 1, 1550. On this day, Tsar Ivan the Terrible issued a decree “On the placement in Moscow and surrounding districts of a selected thousand service people,” in accordance with which streltsy regiments (“firearms infantry”) and permanent guard service, and the artillery “attack” is allocated to independent genus troops. In addition, Ivan the Terrible streamlined the system of recruiting local troops, established permanent service in peacetime and wartime, and organized centralized control of the army and its supply. Thus, the first standing army of the Russian state was created, which had the characteristics of a regular army.
In commemoration of this event Russian military history Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 31, 2006 No. 549 established a memorable date - the day of the Russian Ground Forces, which is celebrated annually on October 1.
The next important stage in the development of the ground forces was the period of the reign of Peter I. In November 1699, the tsar issued a decree “On the admission of soldiers from free people into service.” From then on, the recruiting principle of army formation began to operate, and after the end of the Northern War, a regular army appeared in Russia. However, the Ministry of Military Ground Forces was created only a century later - during the reign of Alexander I.
The reform of the army was continued by Alexander II, who reorganized its structure, recruitment methods, organization and armament of troops, as well as the system of training military personnel. In addition, instead of conscription, universal conscription was introduced into the army.
From the second half of the 19th century V. began to occur in the ground forces qualitative changes. Great importance acquired a technical component. The engineering, aviation, aeronautical and railway units of the ground forces were actively developing. In addition, new special troops- chemical and biological protection. However, the wars and revolutions of the early 20th century led to the virtual destruction of the old Russian army. The Bolsheviks who came to power created a new Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which manifested itself during the Civil War.
Since the mid-1920s. The ground forces of the Red Army began to gain strength. They played a decisive role in the Great Patriotic War, since the main battles took place on land. During the war, their numbers almost doubled, and a flexible and fairly effective structure was formed that met the conditions of conducting an armed struggle against a technically well-equipped enemy army. The number of guns and mortars, multiple launch rocket systems, tanks and self-propelled artillery installations new types, anti-tank weapons, means air defense(air defense) and automatic small arms. In general, the armament of the ground forces has been updated by more than 80%.
After the end of the war, the Ground Forces were officially established as a branch of the Armed Forces of the USSR. March 23, 1946 by order of the chief General Staff Supreme Court of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky, issued on the basis of a resolution of the Council People's Commissars USSR on February 25, 1946, a control body was formed - the Main Command of the Ground Forces. The first Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces was Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov, who was also deputy people's commissar USSR Armed Forces for Ground Forces.
New large-scale changes occurred in the Russian army after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Moreover, at first, military reform essentially came down to simple abbreviation The USSR Armed Forces and Ground Forces, including. For example, from 1989 to 1997 their personnel decreased by more than 1 million 100 thousand military personnel.
Since 2009, as part of giving the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation a new look, significant structural changes have taken place in the Ground Forces. The main tactical formation of the Army became permanently ready brigades, formed instead of cumbersome and difficult to control divisions. As a result, the troops became more compact and mobile, capable of additional events to replenish formations and parts to successfully conduct highly maneuverable fighting V modern wars and armed conflicts.
Today, the Ground Forces include motorized rifle, tank forces, rocket troops and artillery (RV and A), air defense troops, which are branches of the military, as well as special troops, units and logistics support units. Organizationally they consist of combined arms armies(operational commands), motorized rifle (including mountain), tank, air assault brigades, covering brigades, military bases, machine-gun and artillery divisions, training centers, formations and units of the Russian Army and Army, air defense troops, special troops and some other organizations and institutions.
Associations and formations of the Ground Forces are part of 4 military districts (united strategic commands) and form the basis of groupings of troops (forces) in strategic directions.
The Day of the Russian Ground Forces is celebrated annually on October 1 on the basis of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" dated May 31, 2006.
The ground forces of the Russian Armed Forces trace their history back to princely squads Kievan Rus. The struggle to overcome feudal fragmentation, education centralized state and the elimination of foreign oppression entailed an increase in the size of the army, and the strengthening of the economic way of life created the conditions for the first military reforms in Rus', which were actively carried out by Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible).
On October 1, 1550, a historically turning point occurred in the construction and development of the regular Russian army. On this day, Tsar Ivan the Terrible signed one of the first documents directly related to the ground forces - the decree “On the placement in Moscow and surrounding districts of a selected thousand service people,” which, in fact, laid the foundations of the first standing army, which had signs of a regular army. In accordance with by royal decree“firearms infantry” (streltsy regiments) and a permanent guard service were created, and the artillery “detail” was allocated as an independent branch of the military. In addition, Ivan the Terrible streamlined the system of recruiting local troops, established permanent service in peacetime and wartime, and organized centralized control of the army and its supply.
The next important stage in the development of ground forces was the period of the reign of Peter I. In November 1699, the tsar issued a decree “On the recruitment of soldiers from free people.” From then on, the recruiting principle of army formation began to operate, and after the end of the Northern War of 1700-1721, a regular army appeared in Russia.
However, the Ministry of Military Ground Forces was created only during the reign of Alexander I. On September 20 (September 8, old style), 1802, the tsar issued a manifesto “On the Establishment of Ministries,” on the basis of which, instead of collegiums, ministries were created, including the Ministry of Military ground forces.
The reform of the army was continued by Alexander II, who reorganized its structure, recruitment methods, organization and armament of troops, as well as the system of training military personnel. In addition, instead of conscription, universal conscription was introduced into the army.
From the second half of the 19th century, qualitative changes began to occur in the ground forces. The technical component has become of great importance. The engineering, aeronautical and railway units of the ground forces were actively developing. In addition, new special troops appeared - chemical and biological defense. However, the wars and revolutions of the early 20th century led to the virtual destruction of the old Russian army.
After the revolution of 1917 in Russia, a new Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was created, which was also based on ground forces, which included various kinds troops (infantry, cavalry, artillery, armored forces) and special troops (engineering, communications, automobile, chemical, etc.).
The ground forces received further development during the military reform of 1924-1925.
Ground forces played a decisive role in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, since the main battles took place on land. During the war their numbers almost doubled. The increase in their fire and strike power, maneuverability and combat effectiveness was based on the introduction of new, more effective systems weapons and military equipment.
After the end of the war, the Ground Forces were formalized as a branch of the Armed Forces of the USSR. March 23, 1946 by order of the Chief of the General Staff Supreme Council USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union Alexander Vasilevsky, issued on the basis of a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated February 25, 1946, formed a governing body - the Main Command of the Ground Forces. The first Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces was Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov, who was also the Deputy People's Commissar of the USSR Armed Forces for the Ground Forces.
New large-scale changes occurred in the Russian army after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The process of reforming the Ground Forces has begun in order to bring it into line with the changed military-political conditions and economic capabilities of the state.
Since 2009, as part of giving the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation a new look, significant structural changes have taken place in the Ground Forces. The main tactical formation of the Ground Forces became permanently ready brigades, formed instead of cumbersome and difficult to control divisions.
Modern Ground Forces are the most numerous and diverse branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in terms of weapons and methods of combat operations, designed to repel enemy aggression in continental theaters of military operations, protect the territorial integrity and national interests of the Russian Federation.
Currently, a systematic comprehensive re-equipment of the Ground Forces is taking place modern samples weapons as part of the implementation State program weapons until 2020. In parallel, a complex of research and development work is being carried out to create promising weapons and military equipment.
At the beginning of 2017, the level of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces with modern weapons and military equipment.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
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October 1 at Armed Forces The country celebrates Army Day. On legal level V modern Russia this day is registered in the calendar memorable dates and military holidays based on the presidential decree of May 31, 2006.
Ground troops - oldest species troops in Russia, dating back to ancient times. Officially, it is believed that ground forces were formed by order of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible on October 1, 1550. The decree was called “On the placement of a selected thousand service people in Moscow and surrounding districts.” Based on this royal order, structured ground armed formations appear in Russia: rifle regiments, nicknamed firearms infantry, and permanent guard service. At the same time, the so-called artillery unit became a separate branch of the military.
Streletsky regiments were divided into Moscow and police regiments. City rifle regiments were understood as those that served the Fatherland outside the capital of the Russian state. By the end of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the rifle squads numbered about 12 thousand people. According to other sources, we could be talking exclusively about the Moscow archers.
The archers of the 16th century were armed with squeaks. This is a medium-barreled and long-barreled rifle, known since about the 14th century. According to research by linguists and weapons historians, the word “squeaker” over time gave rise to a more familiar one modern man the word "gun". The trunk has been seriously shortened, the name has changed.
It is, of course, necessary to call the arquebus an effective weapon of that time. If only because the Streltsy regiments are a phenomenon in itself compared to others military formations, who do not possess firearms. However, the squeak also had its significant drawbacks. One of these shortcomings is related to the technique of using these weapons by archers. For shooting, the arquebus was mounted on a reed - a special ax that made it possible to increase the accuracy of the shot, however, there was a need to keep the reed itself in a strictly vertical position.
In the era of Ivan IV, the ground forces received state salaries, including a grain version. Uniforms for the archers were sewn centrally. And the locations of the rifle regiments were also uniform. This is the so-called Streltsy settlement, headed by a representative of one of the boyar families.
Painting by K.F. Yuon “Streletskaya Sloboda”:
Representatives of streltsy formations were not forbidden to engage in trade, crafts and other activities that could generate personal income in their free time from service.
The development of land military formations of the Russian state significantly depended not only on the development of weapons art, but also on the character of the ruler of Russia. One of the peaks in the development of the ground forces of the monarchical era of the Fatherland occurred during the reign of Peter the Great, who, as is known, was guided by the Western version of both direct service and weapons, as well as the nature of relations between military personnel.
Modern Ground Forces – powerful fist Russia. The troops include motorized rifle, tank troops, missile forces and air defense troops. In addition, these are special troops, as well as logistics units.
Every year, military personnel of the Ground Forces participate in large-scale military exercises that take place both on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. IN this year units and formations took part in the Caucasus-2016 maneuvers. From September 5 to 10, tens of thousands of military personnel from various military districts were involved in command and control operations, during which various weapons and military equipment were used. Military personnel of the Ground Forces held events to draw tactical episodes with practical designations of actions conditional enemy, practiced combat skills in different conditions, including conditions of darkness, conditions settlement and etc.
The military personnel used Verba MANPADS, S-300V4, Tor-M2U air defense systems and more. During military maneuvers, operational-tactical missile systems Iskander-M, Tornado-G multiple launch rocket systems, Msta-SM self-propelled howitzers, Khrizantema-S self-propelled anti-tank missile systems.
Over two thousand people entered the senior military this year educational establishments, located in the Ground Forces system. According to the Ministry of Defense, this will make it possible to fulfill the personnel order for the RF Armed Forces in the medium term.
The servicemen of the Ground Forces do not forget about the glorious traditions. By the way, new traditions are emerging in the Armed Forces that are aimed at giving military honors to the legendary military leaders who forged Great Victory. One of these traditions was the laying of flowers and wreaths on Army Day at the monument to Marshal G.K. Zhukov, installed on Manezhnaya Square Russian capital. This tradition is also connected with the fact that it was G.K. Zhukov who in 1946 became the first Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Ground Forces.
On this day " Military Review» congratulates all military personnel and veterans of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation (USSR) on the holiday!