Shoulder straps 1944. Shoulder straps of the Russian army

In connection with the change in the uniform of officers by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 70, the everyday shoulder straps of officers and generals became green with a pattern similar to the pattern on gold shoulder straps. The stars on the casual uniform remain golden and silver in color.

In 1963, the insignia of the rank of Petty Officer was changed. The former, called “sergeant’s hammer” in soldier’s jargon, is replaced by a wide stripe running along the shoulder strap. Petty officers have a red patch on their khaki field uniform.

Since January 1973, two letters “SA” were introduced on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants (metal on ceremonial uniforms and plastic on overcoats and everyday uniforms) to distinguish soldiers and sergeants of the army from sailors, sergeants and foremen of the fleet, the letter “F” was introduced in the fleet or for the fleets “SF”, “TF”, “BF”, “Black Sea Fleet”, as well as military personnel of the internal troops, border troops and KGB units - letters “VV”, “PV”, “GB”. Somewhat later, the letter “K” was introduced on the shoulder straps of military school cadets (order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 81-73). The shoulder straps and buttonholes on the dress and everyday uniforms of soldiers and sergeants became colored with yellow (golden) stripes. Khaki shoulder straps with red stripes remained only on field soldiers' and sergeants' uniforms. Cadets have the same shoulder straps on all types of uniforms.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 18, 1971, from 1972, a new category was added to the scale of ranks of the Armed Forces of the USSR, standing between sergeants and officers, “Warrant Officers and Midshipmen.” In the army in this category there is one rank, “Ensign,” and in the navy, “Midshipman.” The ceremonial shoulder straps of ensigns have a checkerboard color pattern depending on the type of military service. Everyday and field shoulder straps of warrant officers have the same pattern and green color. Two stars and gold-colored emblems on ceremonial and everyday shoulder straps and green on field shoulder straps.

In 1980, a new rank, “Senior Warrant Officer,” was added to the “Warrant Officers and Midshipmen” category and, in the navy, “Senior Warrant Officer.” He wore three stars in a vertical row.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated November 1, 1974, the insignia of the rank “Army General” was changed. Instead of four general stars, one large star is introduced for them in one vertical row, like the marshals of the military branches. In place of the emblems of the military branches of the army generals, a sewn combined arms emblem is placed. In addition to changing the shoulder straps, the army generals were given a marshal's star on their tie, which previously only marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals and chief marshals of the military branches had.

Everyday shoulder straps

Colors of shoulder straps for soldiers, sergeants, cadets and warrant officers:

combined arms and infantry (motorized rifles) - scarlet;
aviation and airborne forces - blue;
all other branches of the military are black.

Colors of gaps and edges for junior, senior and senior officers:

aviation and airborne forces - blue;
all other types of troops are scarlet.

Field shoulder straps

Since December 1956, the field shoulder straps of officers have lost their colored edgings, and the gaps on the field shoulder straps, instead of the color of burgundy (command personnel) and brown (all others), have become the same for all categories of officers, but the color is based on the type of troops:

motorized rifles and combined arms - crimson;
artillery, armored forces - red;
aviation - blue;
all technical troops are black.

Ranks and insignia

Soldiers			Sergeants					Ensigns
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform
Rank	Private	Corporal	Jr. sergeant	Sergeant	Art. sergeant	Sergeant Major (until 1963)	Sergeant Major (since 1963)	Ensign (since 1971)	Art. ensign (since 1981)
Sailors			Petty Officers					Midshipmen
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform
Rank	Sailor	Art. sailor	Sergeant Major 2 articles	Sergeant Major 1 articles	Main foreman	Midshipman (until 1963)	Midshipman (1963−1971) Ch. ship's foreman (since 1971)	Midshipman (since 1971)	Art. midshipman (since 1981)

Junior officers					Senior officers			Senior officers
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform
Rank	Jr. lieutenant	Lieutenant	Art. lieutenant	Captain	Major	Lieutenant colonel	Colonel	Major General	Lieutenant General	Colonel General	Army General (until 1974)	Army General (since 1974)
Junior officers of the Navy					Senior Navy officers			Senior Navy officers
Shoulder straps to everyday uniform

Over the 19 years of existence of lapel insignia, changes in Insignia And buttonholes Red Army small contributions were made.

The appearance of the emblems of the military branches and services changed, the colors of the edgings and buttonholes, the number of badges in the buttonholes, and the technology for producing badges underwent changes.

Over the years, as an additional element to the buttonholes, sleeve bands were introduced and abolished. stripes .

Many people get confused about military ranks; it’s all about changes in 391 orders.

For example, until the age of 40, the foreman had three triangles in his buttonhole and three stripes on the sleeve, and since 40, four.

Squares and rectangles defining military rank were colloquially called “kubari” or “cubes”, respectively, rectangles “sleepers”.

Diamonds and triangles had no slang names, with the exception of foreman, its four triangles were called "saw".

Artillery and armored troops used black buttonholes, but among tank commanders buttonholes were velvet. The emblem of artillerymen and motorists was introduced in the First World War, crossed cannons and winged wheels with a steering wheel for drivers. Both are still used today with minimal changes. The tankers have emblems in the form of miniature BT tanks. The chemists had two cylinders and a gas mask on their emblem. In March 1943 they were changed to hammer and wrench.

Rank	Insignia V buttonhole	Sleeve insignia according to rank
middle and senior com. compound
Junior Lieutenant	One square	One square made of gold braid 4 mm wide, on top of the braid there is a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom there is a edging 3 mm wide
Lieutenant	Two squares	Two squares made of gold galloon 4 mm wide, between them there is a gap of red cloth 7 mm wide, at the bottom there is a edging 3 mm wide
Senior Lieutenant	Three squares	Three squares of gold braid, 4 mm wide, between them two gaps of red cloth, each 5 mm wide, with a 3 mm wide edging at the bottom.
Captain	One rectangle	Two squares made of gold galloon 6 mm wide, between them there is a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom there is a edging 3 mm wide
Major	Two rectangles
Lieutenant colonel	Three rectangles	Two squares made of gold braid, the top 6 mm wide, the bottom 10 mm, between them there is a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom there is a 3 mm wide edging
Colonel	Four rectangles	Three squares made of gold braid, the top and middle 6 mm wide, the bottom 10 mm, between them two gaps of red cloth, each 7 mm wide, at the bottom a 3 mm wide edging
Political composition
Junior political instructor	Two squares
Political instructor	Three squares	Red star with hammer and sickle
Senior political instructor	One rectangle	Red star with hammer and sickle
Battalion Commissar	Two rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle
Senior battalion commissar	Three rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle
Regimental Commissar	Four rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle

Regarding military ranks "of the 1935 model" The rank of “lieutenant colonel” is introduced for command personnel, and “senior battalion commissar” for military-political personnel.

On the buttonholes of the Army General there were five gilded stars, Colonel General- had four, the lieutenant general had three stars, the major general was supposed to wear two in his buttonholes. Komkor G.K. Zhukov was the first to receive the rank of army general.

The title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established on September 22, 1935 by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The marshal was dressed in a general's uniform, the distinctions were red buttonholes, a gold embroidered star, laurel branches and at their crosshairs a hammer and sickle, sleeve squares with laurel branches embroidered in gold and large sleeve stars. Until the fortieth year, there was no ornament of laurel branches with a hammer and sickle on the marshal’s buttonholes.

The difference between the Marshal's buttonholes is clearly visible on Budyonny's uniforms. S.M on the left is the uniform of the 1936 model, and K.E. Voroshilov in a 1940 uniform

The first to be awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union were Tukhachevsky, Voroshilov, Egorov, Budyonny and Blyukher.

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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY SERGEANTS, Sergeants-Major, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, CADETS AND TRAINERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions. Uniform for long-term service sergeants. Uniform for conscript sergeants and long-term and conscript soldiers. Uniform for military school cadets. Suvorov students' clothing uniform

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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Uniform of Marshals of the Soviet Union, army generals, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term military personnel

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term servicemen of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of clothing

We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, and attention will be paid to the changes in the uniform of the Soviet soldier that occurred in 1943. An Air Force senior sergeant with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one looks dirty

The military uniform, which includes all items of uniform, equipment, and insignia established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the state’s armed forces, not only makes it possible to determine the affiliation of military personnel to the types and branches of the military, but also to distinguish them by military rank. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to improve their organization and strict performance of military duties.

In the midst of the Great Patriotic War, an event occurred that was difficult to expect. In January 1943, as part of the uniform reform, shoulder straps were introduced for Red Army personnel.

But just recently, shoulder straps were a symbol of counter-revolutionary white officers. For those who donned the shoulder straps in 1943, during the Civil War the word “golden chasers” was a dirty word. Everything was clearly defined in the Decree on the destruction of estates and civil ranks of November 23, 1917, which also abolished shoulder straps. True, they survived on the shoulders of white officers until the end of the Civil War. By the way, you can test your knowledge about the events of 100 years ago.

P.V. Ryzhenko. Royal shoulder straps. Fragment

In the Red Army, military personnel were distinguished only by position. There were stripes on the sleeve in the form of geometric shapes (triangles, squares, rhombuses) and on the sides of the overcoat. They were used to “read” the rank and affiliation with the military branches. Until 1943, who was who could be determined by the type of buttonholes on the collar and sleeve chevrons.

In fairness, it should be noted that changes began to occur in the army already in the thirties. Military ranks that had existed in the tsarist army appeared. By 1940, the ranks of general as well as admiral had emerged.

The first versions of the new uniform (already with shoulder straps) were developed at the very beginning of 1941, but the outbreak of the war and the lack of success at the front did not contribute to such innovations. In 1942, the new uniform was positively assessed by the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army, and all that remained was to wait for the resounding victory of the Red Army. Such an event was the Battle of Stalingrad, when the army of Field Marshal Paulus on the Volga was defeated.

Shoulder straps of marshals, generals and officers
Red Army and NKVD model 1943

Soviet shoulder straps were similar to the tsarist ones, but also differed from them. The new samples were 5 mm wider and did not have encryption (regiment number or regimental chief's monogram). Junior officers were entitled to shoulder straps with one gap and from one to four stars, while senior officers had shoulder straps with two gaps and had from one to three stars. Badges for junior commanders were also restored, and ordinary soldiers were not left without shoulder straps.

And one more important point related to the introduction of the new uniform: the old word “officer” has returned to the official language. Before that he was the “commander of the Red Army.” Gradually, “officer” and “officers” filled the conversations of military personnel, and later moved into official documents. Imagine what the title of V. Rogovoy’s beloved film “Officers” would sound like in the old edition: “Commanders of the Red Army”?

So why were shoulder straps introduced? It is believed that the “leader” has calculated all the future benefits from the reform. The introduction of shoulder straps inextricably linked the Red Army with the heroic, combat history of the Russian army. It was not for nothing that at this time the names associated with the names of Nakhimov, Ushakov and Nevsky were approved, and the most distinguished military units received the rank of Guards.

Field and everyday shoulder straps of junior commanders,
Red Army soldiers, cadets, students of special schools and Suvorov soldiers

The victory at Stalingrad turned the tide of the war, and changes in uniforms made it possible to further inspire the army. After this decree, articles on this topic immediately appeared in newspapers. What is very important, they emphasized the symbolism of the inextricable connection of Russian victories.

There was also an assumption that the introduction of shoulder straps was influenced by the love for M. Bulgakov’s play “Days of the Turbins”, but let this remain the lot of the inventors of myths...

You can learn more about the history of the uniform of Russian soldiers at the Museum of Military Uniforms of the Russian Military Historical Society. We invite you!

Introduction shoulder strap in the Red Army

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

Shoulder straps They have a long history in the Russian army. They were first introduced by Peter the Great back in 1696, but in those days shoulder straps served only as a strap that kept the gun belt or cartridge pouch from slipping off the shoulder. Shoulder strap was only an attribute of the uniform of the lower ranks: officers were not armed with guns, and therefore shoulder straps they didn't need it.

As insignia shoulder straps began to be used with the accession to the throne of Alexander I. However, they did not denote ranks, but membership in a particular regiment. On shoulder straps a number was depicted indicating the number of the regiment in the Russian army, and the color of the shoulder strap indicated the number of the regiment in the division: the first regiment was red, the second was blue, the third was white, and the fourth was dark green. Since 1874, in accordance with the order of the military department No. 137 of 04.05. 1874, the shoulder straps of both the first and second regiments of the division became red, and the color of the buttonholes and cap bands of the second regiment became blue. The shoulder straps of the third and fourth regiments became blue, but the third regiment had white buttonholes and bands, and the fourth regiment had green ones.
Yellow is the same color shoulder strap had army (in the sense of non-guards) grenadiers. They were also yellow shoulder straps Akhtyrsky and Mitavsky Hussars and Finnish, Primorsky, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan and Kinburn Dragoon Regiments.

With the advent of rifle regiments, the latter were assigned crimson shoulder straps.

Private

3rd Dragoon Novorossiysk Regiment

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as a volunteer from the reconnaissance team - 6th Klyasititsky Hussar Regiment

65th Moscow Infantry E.I.V. regiment

(The button with a crown existed until August 29, 1904)

Senior non-commissioned officer
4th Koporsky Infantry Regiment of General Count Konovnitsin

To distinguish a soldier from an officer, officer's shoulder straps at first they were trimmed with galloon, and since 1807 shoulder straps the officers' ones were replaced with epaulettes. Since 1827, officer and general ranks began to be designated by the number of stars on their epaulettes: y - 1, major and major general - 2; , and lieutenant general - 3; staff captain - 4; and full generals did not have stars on their epaulettes. One star was retained for retired brigadiers and retired second majors - these ranks no longer existed by 1827, but retirees with the right to wear a uniform who retired in these ranks were preserved. From April 8, 1843, insignia appeared on shoulder straps lower ranks: got one badge, two – , and three - to the senior non-commissioned officer. The sergeant major received shoulder strap a transverse strip of 2.5 centimeters thickness, and - exactly the same, but located longitudinally.

In 1854 they introduced shoulder straps and for officers, leaving epaulettes only on ceremonial uniforms, and until the revolution in shoulder straps almost no changes occurred, except that in 1884 the rank of major was abolished, and in 1907 the rank was introduced.

Shoulder straps had military officials and engineers, railway workers, .

In 1935, they were introduced into the Red Army. Some of them corresponded to the pre-revolutionary ones - colonel, lieutenant colonel, captain. Some were taken from the ranks of the former Tsarist Navy - lieutenant and senior lieutenant. The ranks corresponding to generals remained from the previous service categories - brigade commander, division commander, corps commander, army commander of the 2nd and 1st ranks. The rank of major, abolished under Alexander III, was restored. The insignia, in comparison with the buttonholes of the 1924 model, has hardly changed in appearance - only the four-cube combination has disappeared. In addition, the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was introduced, no longer designated by diamonds, but by one large star on the collar flap. nevertheless, a special one was created for state security agencies.

On August 5, 1937, the rank of junior lieutenant (one kubar) was introduced, and on September 1, 1939, the rank of lieutenant colonel. At the same time, the three sleepers now corresponded not to , but to .
and received four sleepers.

On May 7, 1940, general ranks were introduced. The major general, as before the revolution, had two stars, but they were not located on shoulder straps, and on the collar valves. The lieutenant general had three stars. This is where the similarities with pre-revolutionary generals ended - instead of a full general, the lieutenant general was followed by the rank of colonel general, modeled on the German general oberst. The colonel general had four stars, and the army general who followed him, whose rank was borrowed from the French army, had five stars.

In this form, the insignia remained until January 6, 1943, when the Red Army was introduced shoulder straps.

Policemen and collaborationist formations created from Soviet prisoners of war also had shoulder straps. Notable for its particular originality (Russian National People's Army)

From January 13 Soviet shoulder straps, model 1943 began to enter the troops.

Soviet shoulder straps had much in common with the pre-revolutionary ones, but there were also differences: officer shoulder straps The Red Army (but not the Navy) 1943 were pentagonal, not hexagonal; the colors of the gaps indicated the type of troops, not the regiment; the clearance was a single whole with the shoulder strap field; there were colored edgings according to the type of troops; the stars were metal, gold or silver, and varied in size for junior and senior officers; ranks were designated by a different number of stars than before 1917, and shoulder straps without stars were not restored.

Soviet officers shoulder straps were five millimeters wider than pre-revolutionary ones. No encryption was placed on them. Unlike pre-revolutionary times, shoulder strap color now corresponded not to the regiment number, but to the branch of the army. The edging also mattered. Thus, rifle troops had a crimson shoulder strap background and black edging, cavalry had dark blue with black edging, aviation had blue shoulder strap with black edging, tank crews and artillerymen are black with red edging, but sappers and other technical troops are black but with black edging. Border troops and medical services had green shoulder straps with red edging, and the internal troops got cherry shoulder strap with blue border.

On the field shoulder straps khaki color, the type of troops was determined only by the edging. Its color was the same as the color of the shoulder strap on the everyday uniform. Soviet officers shoulder straps were five millimeters wider than pre-revolutionary ones. Encryptions were placed on them very rarely, mostly by cadets of military schools.

A junior lieutenant, a major and a major general received one star each. Two each went to a lieutenant and a lieutenant general, three each went to a senior lieutenant and a colonel general, and four went to the army general. shoulder straps junior officers had one clearance and from one to four silver-plated metal stars with a diameter of 13 mm, and shoulder straps senior officers - two gaps and from one to three stars with a diameter of 20 mm.

Badges for junior commanders were also restored. The corporal still had one stripe, the junior sergeant had two, the sergeant had three. The former wide sergeant major's stripe went to the senior sergeant, and the sergeant major received shoulder straps the so-called “hammer”.

According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of the military (service), on the field shoulder strap insignia (stars and gaps) and emblems were placed. For military lawyers and doctors, there were “medium” sprockets with a diameter of 18 mm. Initially, the stars of senior officers were attached not to the gaps, but to the field of braid next to them. Field shoulder straps had a field of khaki color (khaki cloth) with one or two gaps sewn to it. On three sides shoulder straps had edgings according to the color of the military branch. Clearances were installed - blue - for aviation, brown - for doctors, quartermasters and lawyers, red - for everyone else. Field everyday officer's uniform made of golden silk or galloon. For everyday shoulder strap The engineering and command staff, quartermaster, medical and veterinary services and lawyers approved silver braid. There was a rule according to which silver stars were worn on gilded shoulder straps, and vice versa, on silver shoulder straps gold stars were worn, except for veterinarians - they wore silver stars on silver shoulder straps. Width shoulder strap- 6 cm, and for officers of the medical and veterinary services, military justice - 4 cm. It is known that such shoulder straps the troops called them “oak trees.” The color of the piping depended on the type of military service and service - crimson in the infantry, blue in aviation, dark blue in cavalry, a gilded button with a star, with a hammer and sickle in the center, in the navy - a silver button with an anchor. General's shoulder straps model 1943, unlike soldiers' and officers', were hexagonal. They were gold, with silver stars. The exception was shoulder straps generals of medical and veterinary services and justice. Narrow silver rings were introduced for them. shoulder straps with gold stars. Navy officers shoulder straps, unlike the army ones, were hexagonal. Otherwise they were similar to the army ones, but the color of the edgings shoulder strap was determined: for the officers of the naval, naval engineering and coastal engineering services - black, for aviation and the engineering - aviation service - blue, quartermasters - crimson, for everyone else, including justice - red. On shoulder straps the command and ship personnel did not wear emblems. Color of the field, stars and edging shoulder strap generals and admirals, as well as their width, were also determined by the type of troops and service, field shoulder strap senior officers were sewn from specially woven braid. The buttons of the Red Army generals had the image of the coat of arms of the USSR, and the admirals and generals of the Navy had the emblem of the USSR superimposed on two crossed anchors. On November 7, 1944, the stars were changed to shoulder straps colonels and lieutenant colonels of the Red Army. Until this moment, they were located on the sides of the gaps, but now they have moved to the gaps themselves. On October 9, 1946 the uniform was changed shoulder strap officers of the Soviet Army - they became hexagonal. In 1947 at shoulder straps officers transferred to the reserve and retired by order of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 4 are introduced golden (for those who wore silver shoulder straps) or a silver (for gilded shoulder straps) patch, which they are required to wear when putting on a military uniform (this patch was abolished in 1949).

In the post-war period, minor changes occurred in the insignia. So, in 1955, everyday field bilateral shoulder straps for privates and sergeants.

In 1956, field shoulder straps for officers with stars and khaki emblems and lights according to the branch of service. In 1958, narrow restrictions were abolished. shoulder straps model 1946 for doctors, veterinarians and lawyers. At the same time, the edging for everyday shoulder strap soldiers, sergeants and foremen. On gold shoulder straps silver stars are introduced, and gold stars are added to silver ones. The colors of the gaps are red (combined arms, airborne troops), crimson (engineer troops), black (tank troops, artillery, technical troops), blue (aviation), dark green (medics, veterinarians, lawyers); blue (the color of cavalry) was abolished due to the liquidation of this type of troops. For generals of medical, veterinary services and justice, wide silver certificates have been introduced shoulder straps with gold stars, for others - gold shoulder straps with silver stars.

In 1962 appeared , which, fortunately, was not implemented.

In 1963, there were blue gaps for airborne officers. Are abolished shoulder straps 1943 model sergeant-major with a sergeant-major's hammer. Instead of this “hammer”, a wide longitudinal braid is introduced, like in the pre-revolutionary one.

In 1969, on gold shoulder straps gold stars are introduced, and silver stars are added to silver ones. The colors of the gaps are red (ground forces), crimson (medics, veterinarians, lawyers, administrative services) and blue (aviation, airborne forces). Silver general's medals are abolished shoulder straps. All generals shoulder straps became gold, with gold stars framed with edging according to the type of troops.

In 1972 introduced shoulder straps ensign. Unlike the pre-revolutionary ensign, whose rank corresponded to the Soviet junior lieutenant, the Soviet ensign was equivalent in rank to the American warrant officer.

In 1973, the encryption codes SA (Soviet Army), VV (Internal Troops), PV (Border Troops), GB (KGB Troops) were introduced on shoulder straps soldiers and sergeants and K - on shoulder straps cadets. It must be said that these letters appeared back in 1969, but initially, according to Article 164 of Order of the USSR Minister of Defense No. 191 of July 26, 1969, they were worn only on the ceremonial uniform. The letters were made of anodized aluminum, but since 1981, for economic reasons, metal letters were replaced by letters made of PVC film.

In 1974, new shoulder straps army general in return shoulder strap model 1943. Instead of four stars, they had a marshal's star, above which was the emblem of motorized rifle troops.

In 1980, all silver coins were abolished shoulder straps with silver stars. The colors of the gaps are red (combined arms) and blue (aviation, airborne forces).

In 1981 introduced shoulder straps senior warrant officer, and in 1986 for the first time in the history of Russian officers shoulder strap introduced shoulder straps without gaps, differing only in the size of the stars (field uniform - “Afghan”)

Currently shoulder straps remain , as well as some categories . In 1994, the traditional sergeant's stripes were replaced with Western-style squares. However, in 2011 the stripes were returned and now very reminiscent shoulder straps

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