Hamlet, ENFJ (approximately 5% of the American population)

ENFJs are known for their love of people. First among their priorities are

relationships with people, caring for others. ENFJs love life and are aware of their

involvement in everything that surrounds them.

They are often idealistic and loyal to their values. ENFJs are usually

devoted to what deserves their respect. They are energetic, often exalted,

but at the same time, with a sense of responsibility, they consciously and persistently achieve their goal.

ENFJs are naturally self-critical. However, they respect feelings

people around them and rarely criticize in public. They are acutely aware of how

behave in a given situation and themselves are distinguished by impeccable behavior.

They have a certain charm, know how to present themselves and create a favorable impression.

impression; gets along with people easily. They have an even character, they are tolerant of others and

They don’t like to create tension around themselves. They know how to behave diplomatically. This

born leaders who are popular. They are contactable and know how to clearly

express their thoughts and usually use this gift.

ENFJs often make decisions based on their personal feelings about the situation.

situations, sometimes ignoring the actual state of affairs. They are interested not only

obvious phenomena, but also their possible consequences, as well as to what extent these

the consequences may affect other people.

Extremely organized by nature, ENFJs prefer to live in an orderly environment.

the world and expect the same from others. They feel good when all problems are solved, even if

they themselves do not take part in these decisions.

ENFJs are benevolent, empathetic, and a source of strength and support.

those around you. They understand people well, have a sense of responsibility and

caring about others. As a rule, they prefer to see in other people only

positive traits.

Possible weaknesses

ENFJs are so empathetic and caring about others that they take risks

take their problems and experiences too close to heart. Sometimes they're head over heels

They go into business that is not worth the time and energy spent. When something is not

it turns out that they are very shocked and disappointed. This may lead to

that they withdraw into themselves, believing that they are underestimated. They need to realize their

their own shortcomings as well as the shortcomings of the people they care about.

They need to learn to choose their battlefield and not expect fantastic results,

and limit your expectations to what is reasonable.

needs and problems. Because of their desire to avoid conflict, they sometimes support

relationships that cannot be called fair or equal. ENFJs are so anxious

so as not to upset others, not to accidentally hurt their feelings that are not noticed

obvious facts in situations that require a critical attitude. For ENFJs

it is very important to learn not to shy away from conflict situations, if possible

cope with them, because this is an inevitable side of any human relationship.

ENFJs often jump into new tasks with enthusiasm and sometimes

wrong assumptions or make bad decisions - after all, they should think

there is no time, and they simply do not have time to collect all the necessary information. Need to

slow down, slow down, slow down more attention details of your plan. After waiting and

Having received all the necessary information, they will save themselves from possible mistakes.

Increased attention to emotions can lead to them escaping

logical consequences of your actions. If ENFJs try to pay attention

only to people, but also to facts that may influence their decision, it will benefit them

only for the benefit.

ENFJs are good at accepting positive reviews, however, critical statements in

they bear their address painfully and as a result may give the impression of being touchy,

easily vulnerable people. Even the most innocent criticism or kind criticism

They perceive motives as a personal insult, often become indignant and angry. Their

reactions are sometimes so unexpected that others may think

completely absurd. In such cases, the ENFJ should stop, take a step back,

try to look at the situation objectively, and then give free rein to your feelings.

If ENFJs try to hold back their emotions, important and useful messages will reach them.

information contained in any constructive criticism.

ENFJs, in their idealism, tend to see the world not as it is, but as it is.

I want to see him. They idealize relationships between people and thus put

putting yourself in a vulnerable position. They try to turn a blind eye to the facts that

contradict their beliefs.

ENFJs who don't learn to face unpleasant facts end up

because instead of solving their problems, they let everything take its course. To sum up

Having said that, it can be argued that ENFJs need to keep more than just their

hearts, but also eyes.

Dostoevsky, INFJ (Approximately 1% of the American population)

INFJs are residents of the land of ideas. They are independent, they think originally, strongly

feel, possess solid principles and whole nature.

INFJs believe in their own ideas and conclusions, despite being skeptical

others. They obey their gut instinct, which they value above opinion.

they see deep meaning in things and actions. They also highly value their insights,

even if others do not share their enthusiasm.

INFJs are idealistic and dedicated to an idea. With calm persistence they

ensure that their ideas are accepted and put into practice. IN

In people they respect the integrity of nature. Their determination sometimes reaches such a degree that

which turns into stubbornness. Through the strength of your convictions and the desire to act

for the benefit of others, INFJs can become outstanding leaders. Their activities are often

receives recognition from society and various honors.

INFJs strive for harmony and agreement and try to convince people that they are right. They

attract people to their side not with shouting and threats, but with approval and praise. INFJ

conflicts.

INFJs generally enjoy solving difficult problems. The more difficult the task, the

She captivates them more. They usually think carefully about their actions and so

go deep into some problem that for some time they can’t do anything else

study.

INFJs are able to empathize and sympathize with others and are driven by a strong desire

contribute to the common cause. They are sensitive to the interests of others and often

They get along very well even with difficult people. INFJs themselves can be

deep, complex personalities. They can be closed at the same time and always

ready to open their souls to those they trust; be very vulnerable and possess

strong character. As a rule, they give only to a small circle of old friends

warmth and love.

Possible weaknesses

Because INFJs tend to get caught up in their ideas, they can sometimes be impractical.

or neglect small details that are boring but require attention. Paying

more attention to real details, INFJs are more likely to be able to realize their creative

Devotion to their principles can develop tunnel vision in them. They can

stubbornly resist change and refuse to change a decision once made.

Sometimes they tend to ignore facts that do not support their position, or

resist ideas that conflict with their values. They may turn a deaf ear

objections of others only because they consider their position indisputable. INFJ would be

It is useful to look at yourself and your activities from the outside, as if with different eyes.

Sometimes INFJs can be too intransigent when defending their point of view. They all

They strive for perfection and are sometimes too sensitive to criticism.

Despite the fact that people of this type strong will, they often do not know how to behave in

conflict situations and, if the conflict cannot be extinguished, there are strong

disappointed, even to the point of disappointment. The more objectively the INFJ approaches

themselves and their relationships with others, the more they protect themselves from

such troubles.

Huxley, ENFP (Approximately 5% of the American population)

ENFPs are full of enthusiasm and new ideas. Optimistic, spontaneous, confident

themselves, creative natures, they have an original mindset and a keen

sense of perspective. ENFPs view life as an exciting show.

ENFPs have a strong interest in a variety of events and phenomena and

They try not to close off any prospects for themselves. They are receptive and vigilant

observers, from whose attention nothing escapes that does not fit into the

the framework of the ordinary. ENFPs are inquisitive; they prefer to comprehend rather than judge.

Endowed with a rich imagination, able to adapt to circumstances,

lively, quick-witted ENFPs value inspiration above all else, and often

They make talented inventors. They are often nonconformists. Nobody

He doesn’t see them better, how something can be done in a new way. ENFPs open up new paths for

thoughts and actions... and they leave them open.

Implementing your innovative ideas ENFPs rely on their impulsiveness

energy. They are extremely proactive and enthusiastically take on new solutions.

tasks. They are charged with energy from communicating with people and successfully combine their

talents with the strengths of others. ENFPs are charming, chubby vitality. TO

They treat others with sympathy, delicacy and warmth and are ready for everyone

to help. They often show miracles of insight and sensitivity and

help others achieve their goals. ENFPs try to avoid conflicts

prefer to make as many new acquaintances as possible and a lot of effort and time

spend on maintaining personal connections.

Possible weaknesses

ENFPs come up with new ideas easily, but often find it difficult

focus on one thing, and sometimes they feel confused before

the need to make a decision. They see so many different

options and opportunities that make it difficult to choose the best. Often they go far

not the best choice or trying to do several things at once. Having learned more

carefully choose the point of application of their energy, ENFPs will save themselves from wasted

waste of time, effort and talents.

When starting any business, ENFPs are primarily interested in solving the very first task.

or inventing something new. They love to use their creativity

ability to the most important and complex aspects of the problem, after which they often lose

she's interested. Lack of self-discipline prevents them from finishing what they started. People

ENFP types take on a lot, but do not complete everything. Written plan

work would help them not to be distracted from the main task.

Generally, ENFPs are not very well organized people. They would be very

useful to learn how to properly manage your time and organize your

activity. They usually do very well if they work in conjunction with

more practical partners. Moreover, this form of work is the most common

suits me because ENFPs don't like to work alone for long periods of time.

ENFPs are not very interested in small details. They themselves light up from the game

your imagination and perspective to create something original, and therefore not

burden themselves with collecting the necessary information to carry out this or that

project. Often, instead of making a plan or doing preparatory work, they simply

improvise, starting literally from scratch. Because of this, ENFPs are at risk of never moving forward.

from the stage " brilliant idea“or, having started the task, never finish it.

Restless and impatient, they are more likely to put aside some

uninteresting little things and will move on to something new or unusual. ENFPs act

It’s much more effective if you look closely at reality and

objective impressions are collected. Then their inventions and innovations become

great practical value.

Yesenin, INFP (Approximately 1% of the American population)

INFPs are most valued inner harmony. Sensitive, dreamy,

devotees, they are extremely jealous of their subjective values, and

often their actions are motivated by deep personal faith or devotion to the ideal

which they consider worthy.

INFPs are interested in developing what is already known. They concentrate energy on

your dreams, imagination; are open-minded, curious and

insightful and often able to look far ahead. IN Everyday life

they usually show flexibility, tolerance, adapt well to

circumstances, but are always extremely firm in their inner convictions and

They place very high - almost unrealistic - demands on themselves.

Serving ideals and principles fills almost the entire life of INFP people. If they

do something, they plunge headlong into this activity - and, despite the fact that

They take on a lot and somehow manage to accomplish it all.

They understand other people well, are responsive, have compassion and are very careful.

relate to other people's feelings. They avoid conflicts and never impose their own

opinion of others, unless we are talking about their values ​​and ideals. INFP is easier

express your thoughts and feelings not in orally, but in writing. They can convince

defend your values.

INFPs rarely reveal the full depth of their emotions and often come across as

reserved and calm people. However, in the company of friends they are capable of being

relaxed and very sensitive. INFPs value friendships, but don't make too many.

a lot of acquaintances. They value very highly those who understand their values ​​and ideals.

Possible weaknesses

Since logic is not an INFP's priority, they sometimes misinterpret

interpret facts and are not aware that they are behaving inconsistently. When

dreams are too detached from reality, others may perceive them as

people with quirks. INFPs would do well to listen to more opinions.

practical people.

Due to their commitment to their own ideals, INFPs sometimes ignore other points

view and exhibit a certain conservatism. The reality around them

are not particularly interested, and often during their studies they do not notice that

happening around.

INFPs often think about their idea for much longer than necessary in order to

start any project. In their quest for perfection, they can polish and

it takes so long to polish off ideas that nothing is ever learned about them. This is dangerous

trend, as it is extremely important for INFPs to find a way to express their ideas.

To avoid the risk of disappointment, they need to work on themselves and more

focus on practical activities.

INFPs take their endeavors so personally that they become too vulnerable

for criticism. They place too high demands on themselves. It may

cause them to doubt their abilities when in fact they

able to achieve a lot. If they fail, they sometimes see the whole world in black

color. INFPs should try to develop a more objective view of themselves and

environment, so as not to be so defenseless both before criticism and

disappointment.

INFPs try to please many people at the same time, so they may encounter

difficulties by defending an unpopular position. They avoid criticizing others

it's hard to say no. If INFPs don't directly show their negativity

relationship, opponents may unwittingly get the impression that they agree with them,

and this will cause misunderstanding. INFPs need to develop more of themselves

determination, self-confidence. If they learn necessary and honest criticism, it will

will only benefit them.

Jack London, ENTJ (Approximately 5% of the American population)

ENTJs are outstanding leaders and have no equal when it comes to decision making. They are clear

see the consequences of events and options for their development and are ready to lead others.

These are talented thinkers and great planners of far-reaching plans.

Due to the fact that ENTJs are analytical people, they are especially good at

show their abilities in those areas where a sharp mind and common sense.

Striving to be first in everything they do, ENTJs easily notice

vulnerabilities in any situation and find a way to eliminate them. They prefer

improve the system rather than leave everything as it is. ENTJ people enjoy

it's a special pleasure to decide complex tasks and strive for excellence in those

areas that interest them. ENTJs value truth above all else and only listen

to logical arguments.

ENTJs constantly strive to expand their knowledge and take a systematic approach to

exploring new areas. They enjoy solving complex theoretical problems.

They are much more interested in the consequences than the present state of affairs.

Natural leaders, friendly and straightforward, ENTJs are able to take charge

control any situation in which they may find themselves. They are good organizers, so

how they have the ability to see far ahead and clearly explain their

representation. They prefer to adhere to rather strict and rigid principles in life.

rules and demand the same from others. They give their all to the cause and expect

that others will also work under such stress.

Possible weaknesses

Driven by the desire to quickly move on to the next task or more important goal,

ENTJs sometimes jump to conclusions. They should slow down from time to time

pace to collect all the necessary data and think through the consequences of your actions

both at work and in personal life. Action orientation forces them

get down to business immediately instead of stopping, double-check everything

facts and circumstances relevant to a particular issue.

Due to the fact that ENTJ people are guided by logic in all matters of life, they

by nature they can be tough, direct, impatient and indifferent to needs

and the feelings of others, if they do not see any logic in other people’s emotions. ENTJs can be

Great arguers, they can be difficult to get along with. Often they don't recognize

sensible advice from outsiders. Instead of criticizing everything, they

You should listen to the opinions of others and express gratitude to them for their participation.

ENTJ people need to make it a rule - take their time, listen to the opinions of others,

before rushing forward with your ideas. They should curb their desire

dictate your will to everyone and suppress everyone with your authority.

Objectivity in the perception of life does not allow ENTJ people to delve into emotions,

makes it difficult to show tolerance or empathy towards others. Because ENTJs don't give enough attention

attention to their feelings or do not express them, their emotions may get out of hand

control. This is especially dangerous if it seems to them that someone, and God forbid, dear

person will begin to question their competence. The most insignificant

it would seem that incidents are capable of causing an outburst of emotions in them, and these outbursts can

hurt loved ones. ENTJs will mess up much less, and they will also hurt themselves

There is less harm if they try to sort out their feelings. Having learned to express and

control your emotions at the same time, they will remain masters as a result

positions, and this is exactly what corresponds to their nature and what they constantly strive for

strive. Oddly enough, ENTJ people may not actually be like that.

experienced and knowledgeable, as their self-confident appearance may seem. Having accustomed

themselves to use the advice and help of others, they will only strengthen their personal

influence and achieve great success.

Robespierre, INTJ (Approximately 1% of the American population)

INTJs are people who strive for perfection in everything. In achieving their goals they

driven by an unquenchable thirst for independence, knowledge, as well as a strong belief in one’s

original ideas.

Logical, critical, and inventive, INTJs are capable of

see the consequences of any changes and, as a rule, ensure that

theoretical constructs have found concrete embodiment. They are demanding of themselves and

others, they try to burden not only themselves, but also those around them with work. There aren't too many of them

hurts other people's indifference or critical attitude towards oneself. INTJs are the most

independent of all personality types and prefer to always do things their own way. They

usually do not stop in front of obstacles. Someone's authority is in itself for them

doesn't mean much, they can only accept other people's rules if they see

them for the benefit of their main goal.

INTJs have an original mindset, the ability to penetrate deeply into the essence of things

and rich imagination, so they often take part in brainstorming sessions. They

theorists by nature and are excellent at operating with complex, global concepts. They

good strategists and, as a rule, clearly see all the advantages and disadvantages of a phenomenon or

Problems. In areas that are of particular interest to them, they can

prove themselves to be good organizers, deep and insightful. In your own

They can put all their strength, energy and perseverance into an invention or project. Many

They achieve success thanks to their determination and perseverance in achieving

Possible weaknesses

Excessive demands on themselves sometimes cause INTJs to overestimate their own and

other people's opportunities. They don't care whether their standards match those of others;

Only one's own standard matters. They don't care how they behave

will affect others. When making comments, they can afford to be rude. They are not

welcome others' attempts to challenge their views or express personal feelings towards them

attitude. Because they don't care too much about how they are treated, they may

It is a mistake to assume that others are equally dispassionate. They need to learn

accept the emotions of others and recognize that these emotions have a right to

existence. This way they can avoid judgment from others and unnecessary insults.

Due to the fact that INTJs attach too much great importance your own

foresight and promising ideas, they may miss important facts, not notice

weaknesses of their ideas and delay their practical implementation. The more

facts will be in their arsenal, the easier it will be for them to convince others of practical

the meaning of new ideas. INTJs need to simplify their complex theories and learn

present them more clearly.

INTJs often prefer to work alone and sometimes neglect participation and

the help of other people. Outside advice will help them quickly draw conclusions about

practical suitability of the projects being developed.

INTJs will achieve great success if they decide to entrust non-essential work to someone else.

others, and they themselves will do only the most important things. This will help them overcome

excessive stubbornness and desire to take control of everything. Showing greater flexibility,

they will be able not to get distracted by trifles, to focus on the main thing, and as a result

society will benefit more from their innovations.

Don Quixote, ENTP (Approximately 5% of the American population)

ENTPs are not afraid of challenges and do not like to be bored. They are energetic and inventive, intelligent and

lucky, love to talk. They constantly strive to improve their

professional level and personal influence.

ENTPs are adventurous by nature. They are passionate about new things and don’t like to miss out on anything.

possibilities; very proactive and act under the influence of strong creative

impulses. ENTPs value their own inspiration above all else and strive to embody

life your original ideas. They are inquisitive, versatile, flexible,

receptive people, very inventive in solving complex practical and

theoretical problems.

ENTPs have a lively mind and openly express their opinions, quickly finding

vulnerabilities in any project or situation and often enjoy

your ability to put forward convincing arguments for or against. They have

excellent analytical skills and know how to think strategically. They

They can almost always give a logical reason for anything.

Most ENTPs like to test their inhibitions and often

come to the conclusion that many rules and restrictions exist only to

so that they can be changed, if not broken altogether. Sometimes they deny

generally accepted order of things, encourage others to ignore what is already

accepted rules and often fail to meet expectations. They love to live freely, they are looking for

variety in everyday situations and enjoy it.

In relation to others, ENTPs behave as their imagination tells them.

As a rule, they have many friends and acquaintances. ENTPs have a sense of humor and

radiate optimism. They are charming, often the life of the party, their enthusiasm

is passed on to others, and they often invite them to cooperate. ENTP is wrong

strive to give people their assessment of how to understand and adapt to them.

Possible weaknesses

Because ENTPs value the most creativity, they can sometimes neglect

using conventional methods only because they are not original. Rejection of everything

true and standard results in the fact that important

details. Often they do not do the necessary preparatory work, and immediately

get to the main point. And as soon as the most basic problems are solved, they move on to

the next exciting task, without looking back at what has been done. People like this

like we should strive not to chase two birds with one stone, but to bring

started to completion.

ENTP people have a habit of talking like a machine gun, without giving the other person

insert not a word. They are straightforward and fair, but can be rude or

tactlessness, mindlessly criticizing others. They need to understand that feelings

those around you must be protected and respected, although it is not at all necessary to separate them.

ENTPs can be charming, funny, fun-loving, but sometimes insincere. Them

you should suppress the desire to adapt to others and play to the public. Them

You should sometimes reveal your true feelings to others.

The fact that ENTPs are reluctant to limit themselves to one activity is explained by

fear of missing out on other, more profitable and interesting opportunities. Their desire

catching on to several things at once can lead to the fact that it will not be possible to do them

rely and other people's plans will be in jeopardy. If ENTPs think more about

consequences of their actions, this will help them become more responsible and reliable.

The ENTP's innate liveliness and ability to anticipate events often leads to

that they sometimes mistakenly assume what the other person is going to say, and

interrupt him. If ENTPs calmly and carefully look at what is happening

around, listen to the suggestions and statements of others, this will help them

relieve yourself of reproaches for lack of tact and attention.

Balzac, INTP (Approximately 1% of the American population)

INTPs are those who engage in solving conceptual problems. This is the type

intellectuals who are characterized by a logical mindset and bursts of creativity

genius.

Outwardly calm, withdrawn, detached, INTPs are absorbed in the analysis of some

Problems. They are characterized by a critical attitude to reality, skepticism,

precision of wording. They're trying to find general principles for many of your ideas and

use them to explain your theories. They like to be present in their discussions

logic, prefer to touch one specific topic and they can argue until they are hoarse

for the sake of the argument itself. INTPs can only be convinced of anything by

logical reasoning.

Typically, INTPs are creative and original thinkers. They value their intelligence

energetically increase their professional level and are interested in increasing

professional skills of other people. What INTPs put first is not

is already known or obvious, and the opportunities that open up based on

achieved. They enjoy devising ways to improve things or

solving difficult problems. Their thought processes are extremely complex, it is easier for them

manages to systematize concepts and ideas on how to engage in organizational work with

people. Sometimes their theories are so complex that it is difficult for those around them

explain.

Highly independent, INTPs enjoy the speculative and contemplative.

activities. They tend to be flexible, have a broad outlook, and are interested in

searches for original, but at the same time sensible ways to solve problems, but not

how to implement these decisions in practice.

Possible weaknesses

Because INTPs rely only on logical analysis in everything, their attention

what matters to others may slip away. If something appears to them

illogical, INTPs are willing to reject it, even to the detriment of their own interests. Them

you should try to find out for yourself what is really important, and then it will be easier not to

allow yourself to be at odds with your true feelings.

INTPs, like no one else, are able to find weak spots in someone else’s idea, but are very stingy with

praise. They can get caught up in some little thing and prevent the whole project from moving forward,

because they don’t want to see a single contradiction. Their critical directness for

those around him can turn into ruthlessness, albeit without malice. Them

you need to learn to be interested in what worries others.

Since INTPs are only interested in complex tasks, the routine steps that are inevitable in life

every job, they become impatient. They may lose interest altogether and even

abandon a case that consists of many small details or requires too much

close examination. If INTPs direct their energy not only inward, but also

externally, this will enable them to acquire enough practical knowledge to

make your ideas acceptable.

INTPs sometimes experience something of an inferiority complex when they try to

life follow your own high requirements and achieve excellence.

If they learn to share their feelings with others, it will help them make more sense.

a real and objective view of ourselves.

Stirlitz, ESTJ (Approximately 13% of the American population)

Nobody better than people The ESTJ type doesn't get things done. It is thanks to them that everything

spins and happens. You can rely on them, they treat their work conscientiously,

always fulfill their obligations. They love order in everything and remember a lot

details and can delve into any detail. They act strictly according to plan, as a result

which is what they achieve success.

ESTJs are driven by a desire to make decisions. Often these decisions are based on

their past experience. ESTJs are distinguished by a logical mindset, an objective view of

peace and analytical abilities, they also have the gift of persuasion. They listen

only to logical arguments.

ESTJs look at things realistically, are practical, and are not carried away by fantasies. What occupies them is

what really exists, what you can touch with your hands, and not abstract ideas and

theories. In general, what does not have practical significance, they are not interested. They

are well aware of reality, they are mainly concerned with the fact that

happens “here and now”.

In everyday life, ESTJs adhere to a certain set of rules, they

required and reliable. They tend to support traditions and are interested in

preserving already established institutions. They are consistent in

relationships with other people, although their own and other people’s emotions do not seem to them

just as important as other aspects of life. They are not embarrassed to evaluate others,

express their opinions out loud and are often supporters of strict discipline.

ESTJs are easy-going, sociable, open, and responsive. They are understandable to

those around you, because “what is in front of you is what really is.”

Possible weaknesses

Because ESTJs place strict ethical demands on themselves and others and

trying to impose their standard of behavior, they can create an impression of themselves

dictators. By being more flexible and open-minded, ESTJs can avoid being blamed.

in excessive severity.

While ESTJs have a knack for logic and objective analysis, they don't consider what

others will be influenced by a decision that is quite natural for them. They can

relate to both your emotions and the thoughts and feelings of others.

Critics by nature, ESTJs tend not to verbally express their praise for someone's

achievements and merits. It is advisable that they pay more attention

the talents and successes of those around them and were not afraid to express their approval to them.

Sometimes ESTJs get so carried away own affairs that they have no time to stop and

listen to someone else's opinion. It is not in their nature to ask the “what if” question, and therefore from

The hidden meaning, the second level of what is happening, often escapes them. The easy way

“take off the blinders” - breathe, pause and give others a chance to speak.

ESTJs often jump to conclusions instead of thinking carefully.

think through the situation. They should learn to deliberately postpone decisions until

how everything will be collected necessary information, especially alternative

options.

Those ESTJs who can curb their desire to control everything and everyone who learn

see life not only in black and white, but in all shades - they will achieve more

flexibility and achieve greater success.

Maxim, ISTJ (Approximately 6% of the American population)

ISTJs are serious, sensible people with a sense of responsibility. On such

society holds on. You can trust them, they honestly fulfill their obligations. Their

the word is the law.

Practical ISTJs are matter-of-fact and meticulous. They are diligent, careful and methodical. They

have an unrivaled ability to concentrate. Whatever they are

were engaged, they will definitely bring the matter to the end, everything will be done in an organized and

reliably.. They are distinguished by clear, well-thought-out presentations, they are very

it is difficult to distract or cast doubt on what they are convinced of.

Calm and hardworking, ISTJs have a practical mind and a good memory,

especially in small things. They can convincingly justify their views and rely on

your experience when you need to make a decision. They highly value logic and objectivity.

analysis and know how to use them. They try to complete their tasks exactly on time.

They adhere to a certain system and order and are tolerant of those who

does not share their views.

ISTJs are cautious and traditional. They are good listeners and like clear and

clear wording. Their slogan is: “Say what you mean and mean what you say.”

ISTJs have an innate tendency to be alone and even in difficult times will remain

outwardly calm. These are people of duty, distinguished by constancy, but under their

a calm appearance can hide strong, although rarely discovered

Possible weaknesses

A common problem for all ISTJs is the tendency to get bogged down in small details and

daily turnover. As soon as they get down to business, they immediately lose flexibility and do not

willing to perceive a different point of view. They are sometimes skeptical about new

ideas if they do not see their immediate benefits. They need to think carefully

your plans from start to finish, paying attention to alternatives that

they might not have been taken into account before. ISTJs can improve their effectiveness in many areas

activities, if they take the trouble to broaden their horizons and consciously calculate

consequences of your actions.

ISTJs do not always understand the needs of other people, especially people who are different from themselves. Because of,

that they do not like to show their feelings, they can give the impression of people

cold and indifferent. They need to express out loud praise to others more often, rather than

keep yours positive ratings with me.

Having a logical mind, ISTJs tend to demand the same from others. They

tend to impose their opinions on others and reject the views of less

persistent interlocutors. Sometimes they consider their opinion to be the only correct one and

more creative or innovative methods are dismissed. If they refuse

habits of rejecting untested or unconfirmed unusual methods, they

will develop greater tolerance towards people, and they themselves will be able to take advantage of more

effective options.

Hugo, ESFJ (Approximately 13% of the American population)

The driving force behind ESFJs is the desire to help people by solving problems.

specific problems. ESFJs have a sense of responsibility, they are friendly,

endearing.

ESFJs place great importance on harmonious relationships with others;

They are, as a rule, sociable, talkative, helpful, and know how to behave. They often

idealize the object of their admiration. ESFJs really need to be

noticed and appreciated, so they are extremely sensitive to indifference

or critical remarks addressed to you. They often make strong judgments

They are determined and like to see things through to the end.

ESFJs are practical, have a sober outlook on life, and are organized. They

are attentive to important information and little things, remember them well and not

They love it when someone gets confused about facts. They reinforce their opinion or plan of action

personal experience or the experience of those who are completely trusted. They are clearly aware that

happening around them, they strive for active and useful activities.

A characteristic feature of ESFJs is conscientiousness, which is why they tend to be

bound" by a sense of duty and various obligations. They are the main support of any

organizations. Social connections are of great value to them, and they

try to maintain them at the proper level. They often outdo themselves in

trying to do something pleasant or useful for others and receive special

pleasure when you manage to settle troubles or organize a big celebration.

Possible weaknesses

avoid conflicts rather than resolve disagreements once and for all. Sometimes they pay

too much attention to the feelings of loved ones. When they are overwhelmed by worries, they may not

notice the obvious. It is advisable that they learn to resolve conflicts and

misunderstandings directly and openly, relying on your innate sensitivity, tact and faithful

tone even in the most difficult situations.

Wanting to please someone or provide a service, ESFJs often completely forget about themselves. Them

It can be difficult to say “no” or ask for help yourself just out of reluctance

to offend or disappoint someone. They usually find it unpleasant to express or listen to

constructive criticism - after all, they often take everything to heart. If they

If they feel that they are unable to change anything in their life, they may become despondent.

It is advisable that they look at their problems from the outside, without prejudice.

This usually helps them gain a fresh perspective on things.

While sincerely trying to help others, ESFJs are sometimes persistent,

help, they should wait a little and find out whether their services are really needed.

ESFJs often rush to make decisions, failing to see what is not in their hands.

surfaces; They don’t have time to think about the consequences of their actions. They are not

interested in finding new, extraordinary ways to achieve goals and can

appear inflexible. They should not rush to conclusions and not give up

new approaches to the problem. This way they can quickly find the optimal solution.

Dreiser, ISFJ (Approximately 6% of the American population)

ISFJs are loyal, dedicated, compassionate, and sensitive to

to others. They are conscientious, have a sense of responsibility and receive

It’s a great pleasure when they know that people need them.

ISFJs view life practically and have no illusions. What they value in people

modesty, prefer to communicate with balanced and calm people. They keep in

remember a huge number of facts and know how to use them; remember well

details and details. ISFJs try to thoroughly understand the task at hand, and

this phase of work does not irritate them. ISFJs prefer things that are clear and understandable.

explanations and formulations.

They take full responsibility if they see that their participation will actually be

useful for business. They approach problem solving systematically, but at the same time carefully.

working out the details. ISFJs tend to be conservative and traditional.

values. When making decisions, they rely on common sense, their prudence

inspires confidence.

ISFJ people are calm, modest, serious, and hardworking. They are distinguished by their soft

character, ability to empathize, tact. They are a good source of friends and

colleagues. They love to care for others and prefer to provide specific,

tangible help. They are sociable and treat people warmly. ISFJs don't usually exhibit

show off their emotions, but this does not mean that they are not capable of deep experiences.

They are protective and loyal to their friends, love to work and honestly

fulfill their obligations.

Possible weaknesses

Due to the fact that ISFJs live in the present, it can be difficult for them to see the situation in

perspective or predict possible options developments, especially if

encountering difficulties for the first time. They may need help to look in

ISFJs are in danger of getting bogged down in the daily routine and endless

work, both their own and those for whom they feel responsible. Often they

overload themselves with work, preferring to take on everything themselves and do as much as possible

more carefully. Lacking self-confidence or prudence, they risk that this

some people can use it for their own purposes. They need to express their

demands, and not hide them “in a bottle”, so as not to find yourself in the role of those in need

in help. They will benefit from mentioning their needs and successes more often.

ISFJs often take a long time to understand technical issues.

details. Sometimes they try to plan everything down to the smallest detail and get very worried if

something unexpected occurs. Therefore, it is important for them to learn not to waste their

ardor and not worry about trifles. Additionally, ISFJs need to find ways

make time for the rest and entertainment they so deserve.

Zhukov, ESTP (Approximately 13% of the American population)

ESTPs have no problems - they are always happy with everything! Active, easy-going

character, spontaneous, they enjoy the present and do not worry about

ESTPs look at things realistically and in understanding the world rely only on their feelings,

who are completely trusted. They are inquisitive and insightful observers.

They accept things as they are, are broad-minded and tolerant of

to others. They also accept themselves with all their shortcomings. ESTP people like

concrete things that can be touched, taken apart and reassembled.

ESTPs prefer to take action rather than talk and solve problems as they come.

emergence, and very successfully, because they are able to perceive facts, and

then quickly find logical and reasonable solutions without wasting much time and

effort. They can conduct diplomatic negotiations, happily using

unconventional approaches, and are usually able to convince the other side or achieve

consent. They are able to grasp the basic principles and make decisions based on

rather based on logic than on your emotions. They are pragmatic and can be firm,

if the situation requires.

Well-meaning and charming, ESTPs are successful and feel good about themselves.

in almost any situation and in any company. They are sociable, versatile, funny,

They usually have stories and jokes in stock for all occasions. They

perform well when it is necessary to defuse a tense situation and

reconcile the conflicting parties.

Possible weaknesses

ESTP people tend to live for the moment and for the unexpected.

conflicts are responded to with “extraordinary measures”, which can create chaos for

those around you. Due to their inability to plan ahead, they may miss out on favorable opportunities.

possibilities. Sometimes they take on too much, overestimate their strength and

As a result, they cannot fulfill their obligations. ESTP people can be advised to:

peace; and also try to plan in advance how to finish the work on time.

ESTPs are sometimes dismissive of other people's feelings and can appear rude and

tactless due to the desire to always be honest. Their assertiveness can sometimes be

interpreted as bad manners and alienating the people they seek to entertain.

It will become easier to communicate with people if they try to combine their

observation and sensitivity to others. They are more successful when

relate their courage, energy and love of fun to the conditions in which

other people feel comfortable too.

Trying to solve the problem as quickly and without special effort, ESTP often

rush from one adventure to another, brushing aside what is not very

captivates. They should learn how to manage their time and also plan

long term plans. This would help them be better prepared to carry out their

tasks. They will be more successful if they slow down a little sometimes,

develop rules of behavior for themselves and think about what consequences may

lead to their actions.

Gaben, ISTP (Approximately 6% of the American population)

ISTPs are straightforward, honest, and pragmatic people. They prefer action to talking and

very unpretentious.

ISTPs are good analysts and are more interested in the objective basis of things and

phenomena. People of this type are naturally good at mechanics and usually

They work great with their hands. They often come to logical conclusions based

own experience, calling things by their proper names.

Curious and observant, ISTPs only accept arguments that

based on reliable facts. They are realists and use them to their advantage

sources and resources available to them, and are also practical and good

sense of time.

Quiet and taciturn, ISTPs can come across as cold and withdrawn. They

They are shy in communicating with everyone except close friends. ISTPs are not recognized

leaders above themselves. They are honest and fair, prefer relationships as equals,

quickly navigate the situation and immediately (sometimes impulsively) react to

change. Thrilling sensations and active actions charge them with energy. Usually they

They don’t like to sit at home and are fond of sports.

Possible weaknesses

Because of their habit of making decisions on their own, ISTPs often do not consult with anyone and

don't share important information, so the people who are directly affected by this

remain completely unaware of what is happening. ISTPs are reluctant to share

impressions, feelings and anxieties - they simply do not see the need for this. Them

you should understand that others need and important to know what is happening to them. After all

sometimes only they can provide the most accurate information.

ISTPs are realists to the extent that they usually look for and find ways to solve any problem.

problems with little effort. They spend a minimum of time preparing for work and

They may not complete their plans at all, just to have more leisure.

Development of a detailed plan with all phases and components will help

overcome their inherent lack of initiative and the often-occurring cooling.

ISTPs perceive the world around them as a “see-hear-feel” and prefer

open possibilities and options, and therefore in other situations may manifest

indecision. And the thirst for thrills can lead to recklessness or

rapid loss of interest in the matter. By setting goals and following through

obligations, they will be able to avoid the disappointments and dangers inherent in

careless lifestyle.

Napoleon, ESFP (Approximately 13% of the American population)

ESFPs are true lovers of life. They are bursting with energy and fun and their optimism.

decorate the lives of those around them.

Adaptable to any environment, easy-going, ESFP

They are benevolent, generous, and treat people warmly. They are extremely

They are sociable and often the life of the party. They enthusiastically participate in any

activities, and also play sports and often take on several tasks

simultaneously.

ESFPs are keen observers and see and accept things as they are. They

completely rely on their feelings and experience and are not inclined to be satisfied

theoretical explanations. By giving preference to concrete facts and having

With a good memory for details, they learn best by doing. Common sense

helps them both in communication and in work. They come to conclusions based on

Forgiving of themselves and others, ESFPs do not seek to impose their will on anyone. TO

Tactful and supportive ESFPs are usually treated very well by those around them.

ESFPs have the gift of persuasion and are indispensable in resolving disagreements. They like

companies and are good conversationalists. They love to help others, but

prefer to provide specific, tangible assistance.

Spontaneous and charming, ESFPs love surprises and perform miracles.

ingenuity when they want to please others.

Possible weaknesses

For ESFP people, learning and enjoying life comes first, but sometimes

they do this at the expense of other responsibilities. A constant desire to communicate can

become a hindrance for them in other matters, and sometimes cause big troubles. This

addicted people, it can be difficult for them to force themselves to maintain discipline. Their

the tendency to constantly be distracted from completing the task at hand can develop into

laziness. Having learned to understand the priorities of your tasks and finding a reasonable

balance between work and pleasure, they will expand their capabilities and gain

foresight. Having learned to give “time to business, an hour to fun,” they will be able to

overcome your weaknesses.

They get so caught up in the minutiae of everyday life that they have no time for plans for the future.

future, and thereby expose themselves to the danger of being taken by surprise

changes. But they could be completely dealt with by thinking in advance how

act in a given situation. ESFPs need to learn

predict what might await them “around the corner” and develop

an alternative plan in case of trouble.

ESFPs tend to sometimes make decisions without considering the consequences. They are bigger

They trust their subjective feelings rather than objective information. They are like that

They value their friends so much that they are often ready to idealize them. ESFP is advisable to learn

take a step back and think through the causes and consequences of your actions, as well as

work on yourself to overcome your tendency to be indecisive. If they

If they follow our advice, then saying “no” will not be so difficult for them.

Dumas, ISFP (Approximately 6% of the American population)

ISFPs are gentle, caring, sensitive people with extremely

strong personal principles that they do not shout about at every turn. Often they

express their emotions and passions not with words, but with actions.

Shy and reserved, ISFPs are actually warm-hearted and enthusiastic people, but

No one knows about this except those close to you. ISFPs are often misunderstood

due to the fact that they do not know how to openly express their feelings.

ISFP people are patient, flexible, get along well with others and do not

seek to impose their will or control the actions of others. They dont have

the need to evaluate others, they take the actions of others for granted. From

Neither people nor things escape their attention, but they do not look for hidden meaning in them.

Since ISFPs live in the present, they try to reduce the period to a minimum.

preparatory work or planning. They are able to calculate their

actions only very short term, and when they finish work, then immediately

They relax because they are focused on the “here and now.” They love to enjoy

“in the current moment” and are in no hurry to rush to the next thing.

They are interested in what can be learned and felt directly from experience. Often

these people have artistic taste. They strive to surround themselves

beautiful and pleasant things.

Having no need for leadership, ISFPs are often loyal followers

ideas, reliable team members. They approach life from their perspective

subjective values, and therefore prefer to communicate with those people who

will try to get to know them better and understand their ideals. Trusting by nature and

responsive, they need harmonious relationships with others and very deeply

experience conflicts and disagreements.

Possible weaknesses

Extremely impressionable, ISFPs become imbued with other people's problems and sometimes

get so carried away that they completely forget about themselves, get too tired and even

may get sick. Without refusing to care and help others, they must devote time and

for myself.

By focusing exclusively on the immediate, they can be short-sighted. More

complex problems leave them confused. Because they have no idea

it comes that a way out must be sought not only in the present, they, as a rule, lead to nothing

are ready in advance. They often find it difficult to organize their time and mobilize

resources. They need to learn to overcome their tendency towards sybarism and develop

ability to switch to other concerns.

ISFPs take criticism very sensitively, they are easily offended, and they often have

hands down. They may come across as too trusting people,

because they don’t expect any tricks or hidden intentions from others. They need

pay more attention to your own needs and learn to understand your motives

behavior of others. The more objectivity and sobriety they show,

the better they will be able to understand the characters of people.

Myers-Briggs typology(MBTI or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), like socionics, arose on the basis of Jung’s typology in the early 40s of the last century and gained wide popularity in the USA and European countries. To a greater extent, the popularity of this typology was due to the relevance of the tasks in the field of its application, namely in the field of career guidance. What is noteworthy is that in our time, more than 70% of American schoolchildren, as Wikipedia says, are tested using the MBTI system to determine the direction of their future profession. In addition, the Myers-Briggs typology is used in the areas of self-knowledge and personal growth, solutions for household and family problems, at personal trainings and many other places...

This typology is named after its creators –Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs. Since the first version of the test was made public in 1942, the MBTI has gained popularity around the world that continues to this day. Thus, this questionnaire, which determines the personality type within the typology, has been translated into more than 30 languages ​​of the world (including Russian). Nowadays, research is being carried out within the framework of the interaction of types and a lot of information on these studies is published in the journal The Journal of Psychological Type . Also, every two years a specialized international conference is held in San Francisco.

In comparison with socionics, MBTI is based on only four scales of type characteristics:

1. E/I(extraversion/introversion) – determines the direction of orientation of consciousness outwards towards objects or inwards towards the subject itself;
2. S/iN(common sense/intuition) – determines the direction of a person’s orientation towards specific information or generalized information;
3. T/F(thinking/feeling) – determines the way decisions are made based on rational weighing of alternatives or on an emotional basis;
4. J/P(judgment/perception) - determines a person’s preference to plan and order or act without preparation and navigate the situation.

Thus, by combining those characteristics that are clearly expressed in a person, sixteen MBTI types are formed. Type is written using trait acronyms in the order above, such as INTJ. Each type, in addition to its abbreviation, has its own name, for example, this type called "strategist".

There is a generally accepted opinion in socionic circles that MBTI types completely correspond to the types in socionics, but this is not so. I personally believe that this typology represents a hacky version of socionics, which, like many other typologies, exists, but does not have clear methodological and logical justifications for existing. Thus, it is not clear why people are divided into some types and others, which in socionics is clearly explained through the existence of information aspects and ways of perceiving them.

However, if there is a need to conditionally convert the MBTI type into a socionic type, you must use the following rules:

1. Extraversion (E)/introversion (I) in Myers-Briggs fully corresponds to socionic extraversion/introversion;
2. Common sense (S)/intuition (N) corresponds to sensory/intuition;
3. Thinking (T)/feeling (F) corresponds to logic/ethics;
4. The last attribute judgment (J)/perception (P), when it comes to extroverts, corresponds to rationality/irrationality, and in the case of introverts - irrationality/rationality.

Thus, the ILE type is written as ENTP, and the OR type is written as INTJ. Most people believe that the attribute of judgment/perception corresponds to rationality/irrationality in both cases, but this is not the case, as has been repeatedly stated by famous socionicists. Such people make the main mistake in translating introverted types from MBTI to socionic ones, because by translating, for example, the INTJ type, they will not get the “Balzac” type, but the “Robespierre” type (if J is taken for rationality), which is a mistake. In the same way, many who take this test and receive an introverted sociotype often misinterpret the test result.

The last thing I would like to say is to warn you of the following: do not try to understand MBTI - it has no practical use in comparison with socionics, it has no functional model type, no relationships between types, no characteristics of types. Essentially, this is just an improved version of something like temperaments. So don't be fooled by beautiful stories her followers that it works. We all know that even for those who use a horoscope from women's magazines, everything relatively works in its own way. What's the point of that?

Guys, we put our soul into the site. Thank you for that
that you are discovering this beauty. Thanks for the inspiration and goosebumps.
Join us on Facebook And In contact with

Test Myers-Briggs was created during World War II to help women find employment and replace their husbands who had gone to the battlefields. After answering a series of questions, they received brief description, on the basis of which they could choose a job that best suits their abilities.

Some Western companies still use Myers-Briggs testing when selecting candidates for their vacancies.

website created a simplified short version this test. Just 4 questions with 2 answer options each, and voila! - the combination of letters will tell you about your personality type.

1. You are completely exhausted, the week has been long and not the best. How will you spend your weekend?

• I’ll call my friends and find out what their plans are. I heard that a new restaurant has opened / a hilarious comedy has been released / there are discounts at the paintball club. We all need to get out together. - E
• I’ll put my phone in “Do Not Disturb” mode and stay home. I’ll turn on a new episode of my favorite TV series, put together a puzzle, and lie in the bath with a book. - I

2. Which of the two descriptions suits you better?

• The most important thing for me is what is happening here and now. I start from the real state of affairs and pay attention to details. - S
• Facts are boring. I love to dream and create scenarios for future events. I am more willing to rely on intuition than on any data. - N

3. A company that is a competitor of your employer is trying to lure you away. You doubt it: they pay much more there, but the team here is excellent, and the head of the department hinted that he recommends you to management before retiring. How will you make a decision?

• I will study all the available information about the competing company, consult with an HR manager I know, and draw a “pros and cons” table. In such matters, it is important to soberly evaluate and weigh everything. - T
• I will listen to my own feelings and sensations. I always try to follow my heart. - F

4. There are 2 weeks before the wedding of your close friends. How are you doing with your preparations?

• A month ago I chose a saxophonist who would perform a medley of songs from our school years / put together a presentation from photographs of the couple from the moment they met / composed a poem / ironed a suit / made an appointment for makeup and hair styling. I prefer to be fully armed. - J
• Why prepare? I will have fun and enjoy the holiday, and I will say a toast impromptu, from the heart. All the best things happen spontaneously. - P

Now look for your Myers-Briggs personality type!

ESTJ - MANAGER

Practical and consistent, he loves order in everything, planning and organizing. But most of all - to convince others that you are right and persuade others to own point vision. Looks at life soberly and trusts facts above all.

Open to communication, new acquaintances and noisy companies. She does not forget to take care of loved ones and knows how to show her love.

11% men, 6% women

ENTJ - COMMANDER

For him, life is struggle and extreme. This is how he gets to know those around him and himself. Brave and risky, he is easily inspired and starts something new. At the same time, he adequately assesses his abilities - both strengths and weaknesses.

Has a keen sense of trends and is open to fresh ideas. Thinks positively. Loves sports and everything connected with it.

3% men, 1% women

ESFJ - TEACHER

Gets along well with people, the soul of any company. Attentive and caring, always ready to help, even if you have to sacrifice own interests for the sake of another person.

At the same time, he is very independent in his affairs and, as a rule, achieves everything without outside help. He only expects emotional support from his loved ones.

17% women, 8% men

ESTP - MARSHAL

“The main thing is not victory, but participation” - this is not about him. Strives to achieve his goal at any cost, even if he has to use physical strength. Adheres to a clear plan of action, does not tolerate subordination and compromise.

A born fighter, agile but collected. Able to objectively evaluate even the most stressful situation and give a quick, accurate answer.

6% men, 3% women

ENFJ - MENTOR

Emotional, eloquent, with expressive facial expressions and developed gestures. Understands and transfers the emotions of other people, catches even the slightest insincerity. In love he is distrustful and jealous.

He is often prepared for certain events, having the ability to anticipate them in advance.

3% women, 2% men

ENTP - INVENTOR

An idea generator is constantly creating something new. Quickly adapts to unusual conditions, easily masters different methods work.

Often, due to his dislike of traditions and routine, he changes professional areas and hobby, becomes an innovator and pioneer. What is important is that he is able not only to create an idea, but also to convey its essence to others, make decisions and bring his plans to life.

4% men, 2% women

ESFP - POLITICIAN

Masterfully determines the capabilities of others and often uses this for the purpose of manipulation. When communicating with people, he is guided primarily by his own interests, but strives to impress them and create an image of an extraordinary personality.

With both feet in the present moment, he doesn’t like to waste time. Expects quick results, does not tolerate bureaucracy and red tape.

10% women, 7% men

ENFP - CHAMPION

Energetic and inquisitive, with a pronounced creative streak. Combines the traits of both an extrovert and an introvert, and therefore not only knows how to find mutual language with people, but also feels them well. Able to empathize and give practical advice.

Perceives life in all the diversity of its possibilities, has a developed imagination and high level intelligence. A very harmonious personality, able to maintain balance even with permanent shift circumstances.

10% women, 6% men

INFP - HEALER

A lyricist and a dreamer, he puts inner harmony and agreement with himself first. Most of his thoughts are directed inward, but he is able to intuitively predict events and understand people well.

She loves to dress up and tries to look good in any circumstances. He is not thrifty and often loses his sense of time and the reality of what is happening.

5% women, 4% men

ISFP - COMPOSER

Knows how to find joy in simple things, calmly tolerates routine and monotony. He loves to feel needed, and therefore always helps other people, but never violates their personal space. Does not tolerate conflict situations, knows how to make you laugh and entertain.

Very down to earth, practical, caring, gentle, reliable and faithful companion. He accepts the world as it is and does not try to lead or manipulate.

10% women, 8% men

INTP - ARCHITECT

An erudite and philosopher, he does not like violent manifestations of feelings, strives for an even emotional background and comfort. He is careful in making decisions, likes to analyze and look for connections between the past, present and future.

Very susceptible to change and rather difficult to tolerate. Constantly tries to put together all the incoming facts, thoughts and ideas, which is why he is often in tension.

5% men, 2% women

He has a keen sense of people and relationships between them. He easily identifies moods and hidden talents; people often turn to him for advice. He himself is easily vulnerable and has a hard time withstanding aggression and lack of love.

His driving force- intuition is directed not outward, but inward. Such people do not stop learning throughout their lives, considering self-development one of their main priorities. By knowing themselves, they help others.

2% women, 1% men

INTJ - INSPIRER

He has a rich inner world, from where he mainly draws his unusual ideas. Strives for excellence, wants to improve everyone and everything.

However, he experiences difficulties in relationships with people, often deliberately alienating others, demonstrating independence. Knows how to prioritize, trusts his intuition.

3% men, 1% women

ISFJ - PROTECTOR

He does not tolerate falsehood and pretense in relationships, he immediately distinguishes between “strangers” and “our own”. The first ones are kept at a distance. For the latter, he is ready for a lot, and never asks for anything in return.

Executive, careful in words and actions. Good-natured and caring, his highest goal is to help others and make them happier.

19% women, 8% men

ISTP - CRAFTMAN

As a rule, he has a technical mind and loves to work with his hands. Not in a hurry to make decisions, I’m sure it’s better to measure 7 times. However, he always meets deadlines and is essentially punctual.

He understands the world through sensations, his view of what is happening is extremely objective and specific. By default he is disposed towards other people, but refuses communication as soon as he feels insincerity.

9% men, 2% women

ISTJ - INSPECTOR

Thoughtful, deep, responsible. He inspires trust, but does not take anything for granted, carefully analyzing all incoming information. Not interested in long-term communication, prefers business contacts only for the duration of cooperation. Focused on the end result.

Loves rigor, order, and is often pedantic. He doesn’t have his head in the clouds, he is “here and now.”

15% men, 7% women

The Myers Briggs Personality Typology (MBTI), based on Jung's typology, originated in the 1940s and has since gained universal acceptance. On its basis, the Myers Briggs Identifier was created, which is widely used in business, for recruiting and working with personnel. The Myers-Briggs ID is also used for career guidance. For example, in the USA, up to 70% of high school graduates undergo personality type determination using the Myers Briggs test for the purpose of choosing a future profession. Since the 1960s of the 20th century, companies around the world began to use the Myers-Briggs identifier to work with personnel. The Myers-Briggs typology examines 16 personality types.

Another popular typing system, which was developed in the early 70s (founders Oscar Ichazo and Claudio Naranjo) and also widely recognized, including in business, is called the Enneagram. The Enneagram is a model of subconscious motivation that describes 9 basic human motivations, 9 “pictures of the world,” strategies around which subconscious level people organize their lives.

Today, the Enneagram is studied in the USA and Europe in business schools and other educational institutions. It is also widely used in practice: by companies for recruiting personnel and for working with highly paid employees, it is used in psychological and psychotherapeutic practice, in schools, in government and public organizations, law enforcement agencies, etc. For example, the Enneagram is actively used in companies such as Boeing Corporation, The DuPont Company, General Motors, Alitalia Airlines, KLM Airlines, Kodak, Hewlett Packard, Toyota, Procter & Gamble, Reebok, Motorola, Sony, American Press Institute, Coca Cola, Avon Products and many other.

At the same time, the question often arises: if the Myers Briggs typology works and is actively used in the company, then why use the Enneagram as well? Both models have a lot in common, and to some extent people interested in the Enneagram have studied the Myers Briggs typology. Although, in many aspects the models are quite different (they use different definitions, methods, presumptions), although they are perfectly combined with each other in their practical application.

The fact is that each of the models considers a different part of what Jung called the psyche. Myers Briggs analyzes mainly the conscious part of the psyche, and the Enneagram focuses on its subconscious part, on what motivates us from the depths of our psyche, on our deepest needs and fears, on what we are usually (or often) not aware of. Accordingly, Myers Briggs focuses on behavior, while the Enneagram focuses on motivation. If, with the help of the Myers Briggs typology, one can say exactly which areas of one’s behavior a person needs to develop first of all, then the Enneagram can tell how to do this, how to understand and eliminate that internal contradiction, which prevents us from changing our usual behavior.

The fact that the original source of the Myers Briggs typology is more accepted (Carl Jung) and the original source of the Enneagram model is somewhat blurred may cause the Myers Briggs model to be more readily used. In addition, the Myers Briggs typology has a number of well-developed practical tools and its study is approved by the American Psychological Association as part of the continuing education of psychologists. However, many people believe that the 16-type system is somewhat complex and does not provide a clear, effective and lasting path to development. In addition, this is a fairly old instrument and people know what to expect from it and do not expect much (been there, seen it, know it). Enneagram types are easier to remember, and despite the relative “youth” of the model, personality development (leader, manager, etc.) and personal growth is integral part models. In this regard, it is not entirely correct to call the Enneagram a typology. The Enneagram also gives a certain new direction to work with personnel, with the selection and placement of personnel, and work on the development of leadership and emotional competencies. The Enneagram is the only model that works with personality types, which not only describes the types and their manifestations, but also the behavior of people as “in their at its best”, this describes their “normal” behavior, as well as the behavior of people under stress when they cannot get out of the grip defense mechanisms and personality structures, and also explains the underlying reasons for such behavior and shows the path of development. It is this vertical component of the Enneagram types that allows you to see the most effective path of personal growth for each type, to recognize and eliminate the internal subconscious contradictions that prevent people from developing.

It can be said that these two models should and do complement each other. The combination of models leads to greater and better efficiency in working on oneself or when making decisions about hiring, placement or development of company personnel. Different Myers Briggs preferences explain why people of the same Enneagram type are different from each other, or the same Myers Briggs preferences explain why people different types according to the Enneagram, they can be so similar to each other (but have different deep motivations!). The combination of the two models can give a more accurate and reliable result and will lead to a more optimal and effective approach to working on yourself or working with company personnel (selection, placement, development).

Before giving some examples of how much more accurate results can be achieved by applying not only the Myers Briggs Identifier to people, but also the Enneagram, it is worth giving a short description of the types that are distinguished in the Myers Briggs typology and in the Enneagram.

Myers Briggs typology is based on the fact that in life people from birth give preference to four of the eight fundamental personality traits. These eight properties are grouped into four groups, each of which contains two quite opposite properties.

These groups are:

1. Extraversion (a person takes energy from outside world– people, events, communication) or Introversion(a person recovers by turning to his inner world) (designated as E (extraversion) or I (introversion))
2. Sensitivity (a person receives information using the five senses, paying attention to the real) or Intuition(information is collected using the so-called “sixth sense”, paying attention to opportunities) (S or N)
3. Thinking (a person makes decisions with his head, based on logic and objective facts) or Feelings(a person who makes decisions with his heart, based on personal beliefs and subjective values) (T or F)
4. Judgment (a person prefers an orderly and planned lifestyle) or Perception(person prefers to behave spontaneously and flexibly) (J or P)

Taking into account the fact that a person chooses one of two preferences in each of the above four groups, there are 16 combinations, each of which is a Myers Briggs Identifier type. For example, a person who prefers Extraversion (E), Intuition (N), Thinking (T) and Judging (J) would be labeled as ENTJ by Myers Briggs typology and so on.

Enneagram describes 9 personality types:

Reformer

Rational, organized type. Principled, goal-oriented and perfectionistic. They have an extremely developed sense of right and wrong. It is important for people of this type to maintain quality and high standards. They focus on detail and strive to improve existing procedures. They are great at teaching others how to improve themselves and be more effective. They are motivated by the desire to be perfect, they want to live a good life, improve themselves and others, and control their anger.

Representatives of Type 1 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ISTJ, ISTJ , ISFJ, ENFJ, ENTJ, ISFJ, INFJ, INTJ, ESTJ, ESTP, ENTP (the most common ones are highlighted).

Assistant

Caring, interpersonal type. They are sincere and have kind heart. This type is friendly, generous and self-sacrificing, but can also be sentimental and subservient. They are well-intentioned and created to be close to people. However, they can “do kindness” only for the purpose of feeling their need. They appreciate the talents of other people and can build relationships with others very well. Motivated by a desire for connection, they want to be loved and appreciated and express their positive feelings to others.

Representatives of Type 2 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ESFJ, ENFJ, ESFP, ENFP, ISFP, ISTP, ISFJ

Achiever

An adaptable, success-oriented type. They are self-confident, attractive and charming, self-sufficient, and are the “model” of an outstanding person. Ambitious, competent and energetic, they may also care solely about status and promoting themselves. They are usually workaholics and concerned about their competitiveness. Tend to cut corners to remain the best. Motivated by the desire to be outstanding, they want to be productive, achieve success and avoid failure.

Representatives of Type 3 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ESTP, ENTP, ENTJ, ESTJ, ESFJ, ENFJ, ISFJ, ENTJ

1. Individualist

Introspective, romantic type. They are self-aware, sensitive and reserved. They know how to find beauty in places where we wouldn't normally expect to find it. They are able to provide personalized service and create a product known for its sophistication and style. But they can be uncompromising when it comes to using a particular word or design. Motivated by the desire to be unique, they want to understand their feelings, find meaning in their lives and avoid the ordinary.

Representatives of Type 4 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be INFJ, INFP, ENFJ, ISFP, ENFP, ESFP

Thinker

Deep, intellectual type. Such people are attentive, insightful and curious. They are able to concentrate and focus on development complex ideas and skills. Independent, analytical, rationalizers and inventors, they can also get caught up in their thoughts and imaginary constructs, not paying attention to deadlines and relationships. They may become isolated, nervous and tense. Motivated by a desire to be detached, want to know what interests them, to be self-sufficient and left alone, and avoid situations where they don't know the answer or where they look stupid.

Representatives of Type 5 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be INTP ISTP INTJ, ISTJ, INFJ

1. Loyalist

Loyal, safety-oriented type. You can usually rely on such people. They are charming, work hard, have developed sense responsibility and can be trusted. They have an amazing “sniff” for problems and can predict them, and are also able to determine the motivation of other people, and therefore appear when it is necessary to ensure effective cooperation, instruct and guide employees and colleagues. Motivated by the desire to be safe, they want to feel that they will not be left in trouble, and to challenge their fears.

Representatives of Type 6 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ISFJ, ESFJ, ENTJ , INTJ, INFP, ENFP, ISTJ INTP

Enthusiast

Busy, productive type. People of this type are generally extroverted, optimistic, versatile and spontaneous personalities. Constant change, excitement and novelty are important to them. Due to the fact that they often express their thoughts very well and have good feeling humor, they are able to “ignite” people with their ideas. They know the latest trends in the world and are constantly looking for new opportunities and alternatives. They are able to easily cope with several tasks at the same time, but at the same time they can easily overload themselves and abandon projects halfway. Motivated by the desire to be excited, want to be happy and plan a good time, and avoid feelings of deprivation and pain.

Representatives of Type 7 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ESTP, ESFP, ENTP ENFP, ISTP, ENFJ

Confrontator

Powerful, decisive type. People of this type are confident, strong and assertive. They have a very clear idea of ​​what they want to achieve and the will to achieve it. They are capable of making difficult decisions and view serious difficulties simply as another life challenge, as an obstacle that must be overcome. They believe that they must rely on themselves, prove strength, confront weakness, be important in their world, do something big and great. They are motivated by the desire to be strong, want to rely on themselves, do something big and avoid weakness.

Representatives of Type 8 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ENTJ, ESTJ ENTP ESTP, ESFP, ENFP, ISTJ

Peacemaker

A modest type with a light character. People of this type are stable, accept the situation as it is, and trust people. They have the gift of seeing things with different sides, understand different points of view. They are able to create harmony among people working together by paying attention to the positive aspects of the situation, thereby smoothing out problems and conflicts. They support and help their colleagues, happily allowing others to lead. But at the same time, they tend to unnecessarily give in and “turn a blind eye” to their own achievements, which leads to the fact that they are angry inside themselves, without showing it to anyone and not always realizing it themselves. They are motivated by the desire to be peaceful, want to maintain peace and avoid conflict.

Representatives of Type 9 according to the Myers Briggs typology can be ISFP , INFP, ISFJ, ESTP, ISTP

Now let's move on to an example, how the Enneagram can, for example, complement and improve the development plan of a particular employee or leader. For example, an employee tested using the Myers Briggs typology as an ENTJ. According to statistics, this Myers Briggs type is very often Threes (Enneagram Type 3) or Sixes (Enneagram Type 6). In a company where they do not know about the Enneagram, but know Myers Briggs and use it as a system for selecting, placing, training and developing personnel, such people will be treated the same way. However, when looking at underlying motivation, the approach to Type 3 and Type 6 (even if they are the same Myers Briggs type) must be completely different in many respects.

The Enneagram Personality Type is understood as a combination of psychological attitudes and behaviors that result from the type’s preferred strategy. Since the preferred strategy of Threes is to strive to be outstanding, they therefore exhibit traits such as self-confidence and goal orientation, they want to be successful, fulfilled, valuable, effective, etc. They work hard to exceed standards and be successful in everything they do. Threes believe that they should always achieve their goal and achieve more than the average person.

Sixes, whose preferred strategy is to be safe, often presupposes a desire to be “in the middle”, not to stand out. Threes often neglect this strategy because it somewhat contradicts the Threes' desire to be outstanding. If you are “safe” by finding acceptance in a group, and in particular have secured yourself by finding an average job, having an average house, etc., as Sixes often do, then it is difficult for you to stand out. Therefore, Threes are uncomfortable with this strategy and they distort this strategy and view it as mediocrity. They believe that if they are too secure - content with what they have - they will become lazy and mediocre and lose their drive to be extraordinary.

Based on this short description, one can already assume how different the underlying motivations may be for these two people belonging to the same Myers Briggs type, and how differently it is necessary to interact with them.

Main emotional competencies The competencies that Threes need to develop first are cooperation (the ability to work with others on a common task), reliability (the basis for building relationships, and means that you can be counted on to fulfill your obligations) and empathy (awareness and involvement in feelings, ideas and needs of other people). Threes are often not team players, which is dictated by their preferred strategy. Typically strong emotional competencies for Threes are the competencies of self-confidence, adaptability, and leadership.

Sixes, on the contrary, usually do well with the competence of cooperation (they are very often team players), but many Sixes need to work on the competence of self-confidence and adaptability. Another competency that many Sixes should pay priority attention to is the competency of optimism. All three competencies are interconnected. Sixes' ability to anticipate and expect positive developments in a situation (optimism) develops when they develop flexibility in dealing with change (adaptability). Self-confidence helps adaptability competence because Sixes become more successful at managing their reactions and become more confident in themselves to take quick and decisive action to change a situation.

The above example demonstrates why using the Enneagram can be useful for companies already using a tool like the Myers Briggs Identifier with their employees. The combination of these two tools can bring enormous benefits to businesses and the people who work there.

Every day people face various kinds of conflicts: in the family, at work, in public transport. Conflict situations arise due to a number of various reasons: a combination of circumstances that is the reason for the conflict, accumulated contradictions, these can also be individual psychological reasons, reflecting the individual psychological characteristics of the individual, such as temperament or character. Here I would like to dwell on individual psychological reasons.

There are people who are completely opposite in character and behavior. For a long time, many scientists have been working on the problem of determining human types. There are a large number of them. In my course work I will focus on the typology of Katarina Briggs and Isabel Myers-Briggs (hereinafter referred to as the Myers-Briggs typology). They developed a four-function model of psychological type, from which 16 psychological types emerged. Two of the four functions (Thinking and Feeling) are rational, decision-making functions. The other two (Sensation and Intuition) are irrational, functions of information perception. If the dominant function of an individual is rational (Thinking or Feeling), then auxiliary function always one of the two irrational (Sensation or Intuition), and vice versa. The third and fourth functions are always reflections of the first and second. For example, if Feeling is first and Thinking is second, then Feeling (the opposite of Thinking) should be third, and Intuition (the opposite of Sensing) will be fourth. This course work will examine the behavior of intuitive people, the so-called N-type people, especially their conflict behavior. The purpose of this course work is to determine the characteristics of conflict behavior of N-type people. Tasks this study:

· Study the history and content of the Myers-Briggs typology.

· Identify the characteristic traits of N-type people.

· Determine the characteristics of intuitive people in comparison with sensory people.

· Determine the characteristics of conflict behavior of N-type people.

History of the Myers-Briggs typology

Myers-Briggs typology is a personality typology based on the ideas of Carl Gustaf Jung, created in 1959 - MBTi - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, translated into 26 languages.

In 1972 it was created Center for Applications of Psychological Type(CAPT), leading research activities and training specialists in the use of MBTI. The MBTI test and the Myers-Briggs typology began to gain widespread popularity after the rights to sell it (in 1975) were received by Consulting Psychologists Press, engaged in its promotion. In the same year (1975), under the auspices of CAPT, the first conference dedicated to the Myers-Briggs typology was held, which is now held every 2 years. In 1979 it was founded Association of Psychological Type(APT), which represents the interests of the MBTI and also trains non-psychologists to administer the test. To a large extent, the popularity of the Myers-Briggs typology among the general public was facilitated by the publication in 1984 of the popular book by D. Keirsey and M. Bates (“Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament Types”). A significant part of the research on the Myers-Briggs typology is published in the journal The Journal of Psychological Type .

Regarding the history of the Myers-Briggs typology in Russia, it can be noted that its first mention in the USSR dates back to 1978, and the first short essay was published in 1984.

The Myers-Briggs Type Identifier is widely used in business, and in particular in some large Western companies. In the United States, up to 70% of high school graduates undergo personality type determination using the MBTI for the purpose of choosing a future profession.

Basic typologies: scales and types

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is designed to determine one of 16 personality types. It includes 8 scales, combined in pairs. The purpose of the typology and tests is to help a person determine his individual preferences - which poles of the scales best suit him.

1. E-I scale- orientation of consciousness:

E (E xtraversion, extraversion) - orientation of consciousness outward, towards objects,
I (I ntroversion, introversion) - orientation of consciousness inward, towards the subject;

2. S-N scale- a way to navigate the situation:

S (S ensing, feeling) - orientation towards specific information,
N(i N tuition, intuition) - orientation towards generalized information;

3. T-F scale- decision-making basis:

T (T hinking, thinking) - rational weighing of alternatives;
F (F eeling, feeling) - making decisions on an emotional basis;

4. J-P scale- method of preparing solutions:

J (J udging, judgment) - a preference to plan and organize information in advance,
P (P erception, perception) - a preference to act without detailed preliminary preparation, focusing more on the circumstances.

The combination of scales gives the designation of one of 16 types, for example: ENTP, ISFJ, etc.

This article will examine the conflict behavior of N type people.

Features of people N-type

Intuitive people prefer to receive information based on abstract thinking, within certain concepts. The second important preference of their temperament, therefore, is how they prefer to evaluate the information received - objectively (logic) or subjectively (ethics).

Main characteristics of intuitives:

– Tend to think about several things at once; Friends and colleagues often accuse me of being absent-minded.

– Consider future prospects to be more attractive than frightening; They are usually more interested in where they are going rather than the position they are in.

– We are convinced that “boring details” are a tautology.

– They believe that time is a relative concept; no matter what time it is, they will never think they are late if the meeting (lunch or other event) has not started without them.

– They like to go into the reasons for certain events solely because it gives them pleasure.

– They are prone to puns and love to play with words (it is possible that they start this activity as soon as they wake up).

– They notice the habit of looking for relationships and interdependencies between most phenomena, without accepting them as they seem; they invariably ask, “What could this mean?”

– They tend to give the most general answers to questions, and do not understand why people so often cannot follow their instructions; annoying when asked for precise instructions.

– They prefer to daydream about what they will spend their next paycheck on instead of starting to put their money affairs in order.

To more clearly define N-type people, we can draw a line of distinction between intuitives (N) and sensors (S).

Sensors are literalists: they need accurate information. As for intuitives, they, on the contrary, can find a hundred answers to the same question, and not one of them will seem sufficiently accurate to the sensory. For an intuitive, everything is relative and everything has some meaning. If an intuitive is looking for some particular detail, he risks passing by it without even noticing it. It is difficult for a sensory person to come to terms with this approach; for him everything is real: how can you not notice something that really exists and is right in front of your eyes?

The biblical book of Exodus describes the classic sensory-intuitive dilemma. You can recall the story of how Moses sent twelve spies to search for the Promised Land. From the answers of these latter it is clear that ten of them are sensors, and two are intuitives. Sensors, as the Bible says, among all other details, described with amazing accuracy how many people they saw, what they did, and where they visited. Intuitives, on the contrary, reduced the description of the same events to the following phrase: “This land abounds in milk and honey.” This description must have caused laughter among the sensors, since in their perception the earth could hardly even be abundant in water.

Even seemingly simple instructions such as “Please sort these applications to identify the most qualified applicants” can have a completely different effect on the sensory and intuitive minds. different meaning. Here are a few key concepts that describe how sensors and intuitives differ from each other:

Based on this comparative table one can already understand the pronounced distinctive features intuitive people who can become the causes of a number of conflicts.

It is also important to say that there are no “pure” intuitives. As mentioned earlier, the combination of the Myers-Briggs scales gives the designation of one of 16 types. I would like to touch on 6 of them: INTP (introvert, intuitive, logical, persistent), ENTP (extrovert, intuitive, logical, persistent), ENFJ (extrovert, intuitive, emotional, tactical), INFJ (introvert, intuitive, emotional, tactical) , ENFP (extrovert, intuitive, emotional, persistent), INFP (introvert, intuitive, emotional, persistent), ENTJ (extrovert, intuitive, logical, tactician), INTJ (introvert, intuitive, logical, tactical).