What viciousness of fate and what cynicism. One of the most famous posters from the time of the cult of personality is a poster with a photograph of Stalin holding a girl in his arms. But there are discrepancies about what this girl’s name was. Sometimes they write that this is “Stalin and Mamlakat”. What is completely wrong: this is a historical confusion. Gelya Markizova, a Buryat girl, sits in the leader’s arms, a symbol of gratitude for happy childhood. Mamlakat stands in another photograph behind Stalin - a precociously formed oriental girl in a headscarf, with a simple peasant face.
True, the confusion did not arise by chance. Gelya was born in the family of the People's Commissar of Agriculture of the Buryat-Mongolian autonomous republic Ardana Markizova. In January 1936, Ardan Markizov was one of the leaders of the delegation from Buryat-Mongolia that arrived in Moscow. The pretty girl was specially taken to meet Stalin, having prepared her properly. At the meeting, Gelya handed Stalin a bouquet of flowers with the words: “These flowers are given to you by the children of Buryat-Mongolia.” The touched leader picked up the girl and kissed her. This moment was captured by many photographers and newsreels present. The next day, a photograph of Stalin with Gelya in his arms appeared in all newspapers, accompanied by the inscription “Thank you, Comrade Stalin, for our happy childhood!” This photograph was later replicated, posters and paintings were drawn from it, and hundreds of sculptures were made.
In 1937, Ardan Markizov was arrested, accused of preparing an assassination attempt on Stalin and executed. Soon Gelya lost her mother: Gelya’s mother was also arrested. Gelya went through Soviet orphanages and special detention centers, where no one believed that she was the same girl from the photograph. Former Artek resident Ella Olkhovskaya says:
- In 1935, the Tajik girl Mamlakat Nakhangova became famous. Someone came up with the idea of making her a Stakhanovka and forced a dark, completely illiterate girl to pick cotton with both hands. At that time it was a real boom, cotton was always picked with one hand. They said that Mamlakat allegedly collected a crazy amount of cotton and exceeded the quota. Stalin personally received her, awarded her an order and gave her a gold watch. In "Bukvar" on title page a poem was published:
“Tajiks have sonorous names
Mamlakat means country.”
Before the war, children without exception wore Central Asian embroidered skullcaps. They came into fashion because of Mamlakat. In the book “The Fourth Height” about the pioneer Gulya Koroleva, it was written that in Artek Gulya met and became friends with Mamlakat. Mamlakat’s fate was successful: the girl did not become arrogant, did not turn into a ceremonial mannequin for conventions and rallies, but was able to get an education, learn English and leave for the United States. She was, one might say, very lucky.
Since an uncountable number of posters, paintings, statues and other propaganda materials were made from the photograph of the leader with the daughter of the disgraced People's Commissar Markizov in his arms, it was not possible to remove them, so the ideologists quietly decided to rename the unreliable Gelya the strong peasant woman Mamlakat. Or maybe they didn’t care, well, who really cares whether she’s a Tajik girl or a Buryat one... Well, they decided to call the six-year-old girl Mamlakat, sitting in Stalin’s arms, who, at least by virtue of her physically, there was no way I could receive the Order of Lenin for hard work.
But if anyone noticed that something was wrong here, this was not the time to ask such questions. You never know what can happen to a person who doubts that Soviet country a six year old girl can pick double the cotton ration, or what? great leader can easily lift an adult cotton-picking girl with one left hand?
Later, Gelya Markizova was found by a relative of her mother and raised under her own name, which probably saved her. She received an education, worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, got happily married, and, interestingly, also went to work abroad. But to India. She worked in India for half her life and became a doctor of sciences. She died in 2004. In the episode with the photograph “For our happy childhood” there is a funny vital detail that greatly enlivens and animates the official dictionary entries from Wikipedia and other sources. Holding the girl in his arms and smiling tenderly into the camera lens, Stalin said to his entourage: “Momashore eg tiliani.”
The words of her beloved leader, spoken in an unfamiliar language, were treasured by Gelya for many years and carried through all the trials. But she learned their meaning only when she became an adult. In Georgian they mean “Get that lousy one away!”
Thanks to Comrade Stalin for our happy childhood
Even earlier, persistent propaganda of happy childhood and motherhood began. The period between the second half of 1935 and the first half of 1936 can be called the Soviet “year of the child”: during this period, children’s problems became more acute (as never before in the history of the country) great value. In 1935 and 1936, in the August issues of the party newspaper Pravda, not only new regulations regarding children were discussed (“Resolution on the protection of motherhood and childhood” of June 27, 1936, the law on criminal liability of minors of April 7, 1935), but also wide range topics related to the new generation: kindergartens, children's cinema, palaces of pioneers, child prodigies and even the production of toys, sweets and chocolate for children. The contrast between almost complete absence such “harmless” topics in the early 1930s and, conversely, their widespread occurrence from mid-1935 to early 1937 is truly impressive.
Materials about consumer products for children had political implications that went far beyond the competence of an individual family. In 1933, Stalin declared that all Soviet citizens had the right to a “prosperous life.” In 1935, at the First All-Union Meeting of Stakhanovite Workers and Workers, he uttered his famous saying: “Life has become better, comrades, life has become more fun.” Favorite propaganda image Soviet people at this time the image “ Soviet family behind festive table" (196) . The expanded picture of this “prosperous”, “cheerful” life also included the “happy childhood” that, as it was claimed, all Soviet children had. In 1935, the official slogan “Thank you to Comrade Stalin for our happy childhood!” appeared. And in the first issue of “Pionerskaya Pravda” for 1936, a material was published called “Dreams of the Happy,” where children talked about their desires: to ski and skate, learn to play chess and, of course, to see Stalin.
The pioneer movement gradually provided more and more practical support for the realization of such “dreams.” Since 1934, the range of children's hobbies has expanded greatly. In 1936, the first Palace of Pioneers opened, major center children's leisure, where children studied in different sections based on their interests and participated in pioneer celebrations, including celebrating the New Year with a decorated Christmas tree, songs, dances and gifts from Father Frost and the Snow Maiden. Those who did not have the opportunity to visit the Palace studied in some circle in the regional House of Pioneers, although these activities did not always coincide with their “dreams”.
The idea of an ideal childhood has changed, and new ones have appeared. young heroes. Since the mid-1930s, there has been a stir around child prodigies. The Young Talents program presented young writers, musicians and artists in Bolshoi Theater, on tours around the country, in speeches before party leaders (197). Especially outstanding ones could even be shown to Stalin himself. Memories were written about this - to the envy of others (198). It is surprising how apolitically the children's achievements were reported in the press. None of them, say, distributed 2,000 election leaflets, or organized a large-scale political meeting at school or an exhibition to commemorate the twentieth anniversary October revolution, not to mention participation in the fight against “enemies of the people.” Of course, the articles usually said that these children were pioneers, but the main emphasis was on their achievements in areas that had nothing to do with politics: in music, study, and sometimes in work (199). The heroes of such publications are mainly children from big cities, from families of the Soviet middle class (the latter circumstance once again confirms how apolitical the image of the ideal child was at that time).
Under these circumstances, it does not seem surprising that the fame of Pavlik Morozov reached its apogee in the mid-1930s and spread throughout Soviet Union, after which it began to decline. The exceptional decision of the Politburo of July 17, 1935 to erect a monument to Pavlik was not implemented. True, it was once again accepted at a Politburo meeting on June 29, 1936 (this time with a precise indication of the location: “To install a monument to Pavlik Morozov near the Alexander Garden at the entrance to Red Square along Zabelinsky Proezd”) (200). But the fact is that on June 18, 1936, Gorky, the main inspirer of the Pavlik cult, suddenly died. And the repeated decision to erect the monument eleven days after his death was, without a doubt, a tribute to the memory of the writer. And subsequently, no one was found with sufficient authority to implement this decision.
The journalists of Pionerskaya Pravda, trying to make up for lost patronage, waged a deliberate campaign throughout 1937 and 1938 to move the project from dead center. On September 2, 1937, the newspaper attacked the Moscow city authorities for delays in the construction of the monument. By this time, the deadline for its installation had already been missed three times, the sketches were no good, and the original budget was spent. The criticism had some effect, and in next year a competition was held for best project monument; A sketch by Isaac Rabinovich (201) was chosen for embodiment in bronze. But Pavlik was not destined to stand on Red Square: a plan according to which he would become the most famous child in Soviet monumental history (and perhaps in the monumental history of all nations), they quietly wound up. And Eisenstein’s film “Bezhin Meadow,” filmed under the direct impression of Pavlik Morozov’s biography, was eventually banned. According to rumors, Stalin's condemnatory conclusion - "We cannot allow every boy to act like the Soviet regime" - served decisive factor in the decision to close the film (202) .
One should not, however, exaggerate the extent of the decline in Pavlik's reputation. Pioneer magazines continued to publish materials about him, and the texts multiplied. In addition to the biography written by Yakovlev and other “factual” evidence, this list includes Eisenstein’s “Bezhin Meadow,” Alymov and Aleksandrov’s “Song of the Pioneer Hero” (cited in Chapter 2), and a poem by Sergei Mikhalkov. Mikhalkov in those years was an extremely ambitious young man, who over time became not only a Soviet children's “poet laureate” de facto, but in 1943 also the author of the Soviet anthem (in 2001, this outstanding centenarian rewrote the text for the Russian national anthem). In Mikhalkov’s poem, a boy, living in the “gray fog” of the taiga region (this, of course, is a symbol), “away from the big highway,” fearlessly exposes the unseemly actions of his father:
Pavel Morozov was with the enemy in the fight
And he taught others to fight him,
Speaking before the whole village,
He exposed his father.
Behind the village thick grasses bloomed,
The grain was earing, ringing in the fields,
For a cruel father, reprisal
Pavlik's relatives threatened him.
For my father...
And one day in quiet evening summer,
In a quiet hour, when the leaf does not tremble,
From the taiga with my young brother
“Communist Pasha” did not return.
From taiga...
The banner was raised by the lightning dawn.
Away from the main road
Morozov was killed with his fists,
A pioneer was stabbed to death in the taiga.
Was killed... (203)
These lines directly follow from the legend about Pavlik, still alive at that time, created, among other things, by Yakovlev’s book and Alymov’s song, from which the motif of the hero’s “non-return” was borrowed and literally repeated. At the same time, Mikhalkov’s version adheres to the original interpretation of the murder: Pavlik was stabbed to death, but what exactly the father’s crime was remains unexplained.
A comparison of these three texts in itself indicates an extremely important feature legends about Pavlik: it underwent changes. Her side motives changed; for example, the person to whom Pavlik reported his father was local teacher, then an employee of the OGPU, and his name was either Bykov or Dymov, or his name was not mentioned at all. The father’s crime consisted either of forging documents or of concealing grain. The murder weapon was either a knife or an ax. Pavlik himself was portrayed either as a blond or as a brunette. Such uncertainty is also characteristic of the more fundamental components of the legend, for example, the character of the boy, the reasons for his action, his actions. With the change in ideas about ideal childhood, the image of Pavlik had to be manipulated so that he absorbed new, admirable qualities of the young hero.
From the book 100 Greats archaeological discoveries author Nizovsky Andrey Yurievich From the book 100 Famous Symbols Soviet era author Khoroshevsky Andrey Yurievich From the book Pack Theory [Psychoanalysis Great Controversy] author Menyailov Alexey Alexandrovich From the book Good Old England by Coty KatherineVictorian professions: happy family Another specific Victorian profession is the “happy family” trainer. It will probably make animal lovers sick. Londoners had no need for entertainment. The city streets were crowded not only
From the book History of Hungary. Millennium in the center of Europe by Kontler Laszlo« Happy time peace,” or a mirage of greatness In the dualistic monarchy of Austria-Hungary, as this new state was officially called in 1868, the agreement could be both welcomed and condemned; its citizens experienced very mixed feelings, and in a variety of different ways.
From the book of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Secret diplomacy Kremlin author Mlechin Leonid MikhailovichTHANKS TO JASHA RIBBENTROP In those months, Hitler and Nazi Germany did not have best friend and defender than the head of the Soviet government and People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. His irritated words about “short-sighted anti-fascists” shocked Soviet people,
From the book Submarine Ace of the Third Reich. Military victories of Otto Kretschmer, commander of the U-99 submarine. 1939-1941 author Robertson TerenceChapter 5 Happy Time At dawn on June 17, having taken on board 12 torpedoes, fuel and food supplies for six weeks, U-99 left Kiel and headed for the Atlantic. Throughout the entire journey - through the Kiel Canal and along the Elbe - all the boat's mechanisms worked
From the book Great Battles of the Criminal World. History of professional crime Soviet Russia. Book two (1941-1991) author Sidorov Alexander Anatolievich“Thank you to Comrade Beria for our peasant wars.” Individual speeches by the “peasant” mass of prisoners against professional criminals in all their guises (both “red” - “bitches” and “black” - “thieves”) were considered by the “thieves” themselves as an accidental phenomenon And
From the book of the Marquis de Sade. The Great Libertine author Nechaev Sergey YurievichARREST AND HAPPY RESCUE In December 1793, by order of the police department Paris Commune Citizen Sade was nevertheless arrested. During that dark period of intensified terror, our hero lived with Constance on the Rue Neuve de Mathurin. On December 8 they were both
author Stalin Joseph VissarionovichTo Comrade Sanzheev Dear Comrade Sanzheev! I am responding to your letter very late, since only yesterday your letter was handed over to me from the Central Committee apparatus. You certainly correctly interpret my position on the issue of dialects. "Class" dialects that would be more correct
From book Complete collection essays. Volume 16 [Other edition] author Stalin Joseph VissarionovichComrade A. Kholopov received your letter. I was a little late with my response due to being overloaded with work. Your letter tacitly proceeds from two assumptions: from the assumption that it is permissible to quote the works of one or another author in isolation from that historical
From the book Peter the Great author Bestuzheva-Lada Svetlana IgorevnaHappy childhood But the time of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich was inevitably ending. He died on April 27, 1682 at the age of 22, not only leaving no direct heir to the throne, but also without naming his successor. Peter was barely ten years old. IN last years Fedor Alekseevich
From the book Joseph Stalin. The Father of Nations and his children author Goreslavskaya Nelly BorisovnaHappy childhood... under the hood. This is confirmed by Svetlana herself. “After my mother’s death (I was six years old at the time), a decade began for me in which my father was there and tried to be as good a father as possible, although given his lifestyle it was very difficult. But in
Thank you for your frankness “...The empty idea of the need to form an International from “social-democratic internationalists” ... (from) “opposition elements pulled from all socialist parties... The International can only be restored from the same
) that today’s neo-Banderaites should pray for the founding fathers of the USSR, who divided the state according to nationality. Yes, the idea was not theirs, and even the first steps on this path were taken by the Austro-Hungarians and the Poles in Galicia. But it was the Bolsheviks who did not allow these seedlings to dry out.
On the contrary, they were groomed and cherished, seated and protected by the merciless force of the party of the dictatorship of the proletariat. I don’t even want to argue that this was justified by objective conditions - that’s not the point. The main thing is that this was the work of the Bolsheviks of the Stalin period.
Yes, Ukrainization began even before Lenin’s death. The same Stalin back in 1921 X Congress of the RCP(b) stated: “...It was recently said that Ukrainian republic and Ukrainian nationality is an invention of the Germans. Meanwhile it is clear that Ukrainian nationality exists, and the development of its culture is the responsibility of communists . You can't go against history. It is clear that if Russian elements still predominate in the cities of Ukraine, then over time these cities will inevitably be Ukrainized ».
But even after Lenin’s death, nothing changed and the brochure “On the Right of Nations to Self-Determination” was not burned. On the contrary, the USSR was built from a “union of nations” with the right to secede from the USSR. Moreover, when after the Victory it was possible to transform the USSR into single state with the “new community of Soviet people” - this was also not done.
So it was the party, and it was in the USSR, that created the Ukrainians as a nation, turned Little Russia itself into a huge, full-fledged founding state of the UN, gathered all the territories into this state, right up to the Crimea, and, in Stalin’s style, harshly and uncompromisingly planted Ukrainian language even where he was not born.
Historical fact - there were no “Ukrainians” in the Republic of Ingushetia! Look at any census. You will find there all the peoples of the empire, except one... So as not to be unfounded (Census of the Republic of Ingushetia, 1897: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php). There were no Ukrainians in neighboring countries. There were Russians or Rusyns, Ruthenians, Little Russians, anyone. There were no Ukrainians until the First World War, even in the USA and Austro-Hungarian Empire, which, precisely on its territory in Galicia, nurtured the Ukrainians from the Rusyns (fortunately, Polish groundwork was made along this path). We must also pay tribute to the Russian Empire, in which “Ukrainians” were fashionable and popular (remember the reburial of Shevchenko).
However, only World War began official Ukrainization. Pay attention to the passport of newspaper No. 61 dated October 13, 1914 and compare the passport of the next number 62 for October 15, 1914.
But these were just the beginnings.
Unsuccessful attempts to split the war Russian Empire. And even all sorts of UPR of Grushevsky, Hetmanate of Skoropadsky and Directory of Petliura were not crowned with success. With the end of the civil war, the winners could replay everything - and the attempt to create the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic is just one example of a different kind of construction. But for reasons that I wrote about in the previous article (), the Bolsheviks followed the principle of national division of the USSR.
This was the most brutal and all-encompassing of the Ukrainizations - Yushchenko is resting (in total, under the USSR there were at least three waves of Ukrainizations under all the secretaries general, except for Andropov and Chernenko, who ruled for a short time). It was in the USSR that the population of the Ukrainian SSR and adjacent territories of the RSFSR learned that they were “Ukrainians.” Stalin did not “destroy” the “Ukrainians” - he created them!
In 1923, at the XII Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Stalin, in accordance with Lenin’s ideas, made a decision on “indigenization” - replacing the Russian language with local ones national languages in administration, education and culture. In Ukraine, as well as in Kuban, in the Stavropol Territory, parts North Caucasus, Kursk and Voronezh regions Such indigenization was quite officially called Ukrainization.
The same Grushevsky, head of the UPR from Galicia, already favored by the Soviet authorities, wrote: « About 50 thousand people moved to the Ukrainian SSR from Galicia with wives and families, young people, men. Many Galicians work in the apparatus of the People's Commissariat of Education of Ukraine. M.I. worked at Ukrnauka. Yavorsky, K. I. Konik, M. L. Baran; the scientific secretaries of the People's Commissariat for Education were A.I. Badan-Yavorenko, and then Zozulyak; Skrypnik’s personal secretary was the Galician N.V. Erstenyuk.”
Together with them, 400 officers of the former Galician army, led by G. Kossak, the uncle of Zenon Kossak, who became the author of 44 rules of life, were also discharged from then Polish Galicia to the Ukrainian SSR Ukrainian nationalist. I can imagine how delighted Pilsudski and Co. were.
From Gorky’s letter to the Ukrainian writer A. Slesarenko: “Dear Alexey Makarovich! I am categorically against shortening the story “Mother”. It seems to me that translating this story into Ukrainian is also not necessary. I am very surprised by the fact that people, setting themselves the same goal, not only assert the difference between adverbs - they strive to make the adverb a “language”, but also oppress those Great Russians who find themselves a minority in the field of this adverb.”
IN1930 in Ukraine 68.8% of newspapers were published Soviet authorities in Ukrainian language, in 1932 there were already 87.5%. In 1925-26. 45.8% of books published by communists in Ukraine were published in Ukrainian; by 1932 this figure was 76.9%. There was no market, the growth and distribution of circulation was a purely party matter and was not dictated by demand.
Here is a quote from the decision of the 4th plenum of the Donetsk regional committee of the CP(b)U: “ Strictly observe the Ukrainization of Soviet bodies, resolutely fighting against any attempts by enemies to weaken Ukrainization.” The decision was made in October 1934.
And six months before that, in April, the same regional committee accepted volitional decision“On the language of city and regional newspapers of Donbass.” In pursuance of the party's decisions on Ukrainization, Donetsk residents decided to completely translate 23 of 36 local newspapers into Ukrainian, another 8 had to print at least two-thirds of the information in Ukrainian, 3 - in Greek-Hellenic, and only TWO newspapers (!) in the region were decided leave it in Russian.
Before the revolution, there were 7 Ukrainian schools in Donbass. In 1923, the People's Commissariat of Education of Ukraine ordered the Ukrainization of 680 schools in the region within three years.
But the peak of Ukrainization of education here occurred precisely in 1932-33! As of December 1, 1932, out of 2,239 schools in Donbass, 1,760 (or 78.6%) were Ukrainian, and another 207 (9.2%) were mixed Russian-Ukrainian.
By 1933, the last Russian-language pedagogical technical schools had closed. In 1932-33 academic year in Russian-speaking Makeevka there is not a SINGLE Russian-speaking class left in primary school, which caused violent protests from parents. This year, no more than 26% of the region’s students could study in Russian.
Party bodies have also actively Ukrainized (well, yes, the same party that they are now trying to accuse of genocide of the Ukrainian people). If in 1925 the ratio of Ukrainians and Russians in the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was 36.9% to 43.4%, in 1930 - 52.9% to 29.3%, then in the peak year of the “Holodomor” (1933). ) - 60% Ukrainians to 23% Russians
Wow, while “destroying” the “Ukrainians,” Stalin for some reason implanted the language everywhere and persecuted the Russian language. Some kind of strange "destruction".
Here's another interesting document for you:
Resolution of December 14, 1932 of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On grain procurements in Ukraine, the North Caucasus and in Western region", quote:
d) Invite the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b)U and the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine to pay serious attention to correct execution Ukrainization, eliminate its mechanical implementation, expel Petliura and other bourgeois-nationalist elements from the party and Soviet organizations, carefully select and educate Ukrainian Bolshevik cadres, ensure systematic party leadership and control over the implementation of Ukrainization.
Read it - an interesting document. The fight against hunger and (ATTENTION!) Ukrainization are discussed! There, by the way, it is decided to cancel Ukrainization in Kuban, because local population doesn't understand language well. :)
"Confirm that Only persons who speak Ukrainian can be recruited for service, and non-owners can be accepted only in agreement with the District Commission for Ukrainization.” R-401 op.1, no. 82 Presidium of Lugansk District. executive committee: “Confirm to employees that careless attendance at courses and unwillingness to learn the Ukrainian language entails their dismissal from service.” R-401, op.1, case 72.
In July 1930, the Presidium of the Stalin District Executive Committee decided to “bring to criminal liability the heads of organizations formally related to Ukrainization, who have not found ways to Ukrainize their subordinates, who violate the current legislation in the matter of Ukrainization.” Newspapers, schools, universities, theaters, institutions, inscriptions, signs, etc. were Ukrainianized. In Odessa, where Ukrainian students accounted for less than a third, all schools were Ukrainized. In 1930, there were only 3 large Russian-language newspapers left in Ukraine.
Ukrainization of the Communist Party of Ukraine
Years Party members and candidates Ukrainians Russians others
1922- 54818... 23,3 %...... 53,6 % 23,3 %
1924- 57016... 33,3 %..... 45,1 % 14,0 %
1925- 101852 36,9 %... 43,4 % 19,7 %
1927- 168087 51,9 %.. 30,0 % 18,1 %
1930- 270698 52,9 %.. 29,3 % 17,8 %
1933- 468793 60,0 %
.. 23,0 % 17,0 %
It would be a mistake to assume that Ukrainization stopped in the mid-30s. Yes, it quietly faded away in the Kuban, Stavropol and Northern Caucasus. But without exception, all the lands that joined the Ukrainian SSR were Ukrainized harshly and mercilessly. In 1939, it turned out that the inhabitants of Galicia were also not sufficiently Ukrainized due to the prevalence Polish language. Lviv University named after Jan Casimir was renamed in honor of Ivan Franko and Ukrainianized in the same way as the Lviv Opera, which received the same name. The Soviet government massively opened new Ukrainian schools and founded new Ukrainian-language newspapers. It’s just that here they changed it to Ukrainian not Russian, but Polish.
De-Russification also occurred in Transcarpathia after joining the Ukrainian SSR. Approximately half of the locals, even before the First World War, through the efforts of the Austro-Hungarian authorities, who used the Terezin and Talerhof concentration camps to persuade them, chose Ukrainian identity. The other half of the Rusyns adhered to the all-Russian orientation and stubbornly considered Russian their native language. However, in 1945, all Rusyns, regardless of their wishes, were named Soviet power Ukrainians. Well, there is no need to talk about Crimea; its Ukrainization began as soon as Khrushchev stuck it into the Ukrainian SSR.
I will not bore readers with a list of documents different years- some photocopies of newspapers: 
"...to pay serious attention to the correct implementation of Ukrainization, eliminate its mechanical implementation, expel Petliura and other bourgeois-nationalist elements from party and Soviet organizations, carefully select and educate Ukrainian Bolshevik cadres, ensure systematic party leadership and control over the implementation of Ukrainization"
That's it..., little ones.
Propaganda calls children “the only privileged class in the USSR": born after the revolution, they are the first Soviet generation, the future of the country. The leader's concern for young citizens is embodied in a poster in a photograph of Stalin with a Buryat girl. Her parents will soon turn out to be “enemies of the people,” but this will not stop propaganda
7-year-old Geli Markizova from Ulan-Ude full name- Engelsina, that’s how ideological her parents are. Dad, People's Commissar of Agriculture of Buryatia, is part of the autonomy delegation invited to a meeting with the country's leadership. Gelya at this time lives in Moscow with her mother, a medical student. My daughter begged me to take her to the Kremlin. We bought two bouquets so that at the end of the reception Gel would give one to Stalin, the other to Voroshilov. But at the meeting the girl quickly got tired of listening official speeches, she quietly climbed down from her chair and went to the presidium. Forgetting that they wanted to share the flowers, she gave both bouquets to Stalin. The leader picked Gelya up, put her on the table, and hugged her. There is an ovation in the hall; photographs and newsreels are being taken. Chief Editor“Pravda” Mehlis allegedly said: God himself sent us this Buryat girl!
A touching paired portrait with the motto “Thank you to Comrade Stalin for our happy childhood!” printed in newspapers and magazines, 3 on posters. They sculpt the sculptural composition and replicate it in many painted plaster copies. For a year and a half, Gelya will live as a princess from a Soviet fairy tale, the most famous girl in the country. But at the end of 1937, her father, Ardan Markizov, was arrested in the case of a “pan-Mongolian spy-rebel organization.” A letter from his daughter to Stalin about her hero dad Civil War and an honest communist - will remain unanswered. The father will be shot, the mother will die in exile. Relatives will take Gelya in, changing her last name and patronymic. The image of “Stalin in an embrace with a girl” will continue to live as a “generalized” image after the war, until the very end of his reign.
The love of children of the leaders is their special virtue, because for the sake of the happiness of the “growing shift” all labor and feats of arms. Children, of course, respond with “boundless love” in return. In this myth, Stalin is younger: Lenin did not live to see 54, but his October pioneers call him “grandfather,” and Stalin is 57 in 1936, and he is now and beyond “father,” to whom they say “ filial gratitude." After condemning the “cult of personality” and establishing “collective leadership,” the pioneer choirs will learn the song “Thank you to the party from all the guys.” Brezhnev will also have a maxim repeated in the song: “Today you are children, tomorrow you are the Soviet people.”
Phenomena mentioned in the text
Voroshilov shooter 1932
New sign Soviet patriotism- be accurate. By fulfilling the standards for “fire training”, millions of people will receive the title “Voroshilov shooter”
Stalin died 1953
On March 5, after almost 30 years of absolute rule, Soviet leader dies of a stroke. Millions of people, heartbroken, do not know how to live further. Successors share power even before Stalin gave up the ghost
XX Congress. Khrushchev's report 1956
At a closed meeting of the next congress of the CPSU, First Secretary of the Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev makes a report “On the cult of personality and its consequences.” They don’t dare publish the text, but they read it aloud all over the country. Semi-secret report defines the contents of the entire 10-year Khrushchev's rule- it will go down in history as anti-Stalin
Brezhnev - President 1977
In May there was a sudden overthrow from the party Olympus: Nikolai Podgorny was removed from the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. This means that the Chairman of the Presidium Supreme Council There will be no more USSR for him