The Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the North Arctic Ocean, located between and Alaska.
In the west, the Long Strait connects with the East Siberian Sea, in the east in the area of Cape Barrow it connects with the Beaufort Sea, in the south the Bering Strait connects it with the Bering Sea Pacific Ocean. The international date line runs through the sea.
In 1648, Semyon Dezhnev walked from the mouth of the Kolyma River by sea to the Anadyr River.
In 1728, the expedition of Vitus Bering and in 1779, Captain James Cook, sailed from the Pacific Ocean.
In 1928, during hydrographic observations, the Norwegian polar explorer H. Sverdrup discovered that the sea lying between Cape Barrow and its natural conditions very different from the sea between the New Siberian Islands and Fr. Wrangel and therefore should be separated from the composition East Siberian Sea. It was decided to call the newly allocated sea Chukotka after the people inhabiting it. The name was officially approved in 1935.
Physiographic location
Area 589,600 km². 56% of the bottom area is occupied by depths less than 50 m, maximum depth 1256 meters. Water temperature in summer is from 4 to 12 °C, in winter from −1.6 to −1.8 °C.
The coastline is slightly indented. Bays: Kolyuchinskaya Bay, Kotzebue, Shishmarev Bay. From October-November to May-June the sea is covered with ice.
Few rivers flow into the Chukchi Sea; the largest are Amguema and Noatak.
The Northern Sea Route passes through the Chukchi Sea.
In the sea are Kolyuchin.
Fishing: (char, polar cod), seal fishing, seal fishing.
Major ports are Uelen (Russia), Barrow (USA).
The Chukchi Sea is located on a shelf with depths of 40-60 meters. There are shallows with depths of up to 13 meters. The floor is cut by two canyons: Herald Canyon with a depth of up to 90 meters and Barrow Canyon with a maximum depth of 160 meters (73°50′N 175°25′W (G)(O)).
The bottom of the sea is covered with loose silt with sand and gravel.
Coast
On the mainland coast of the Russian part of the Chukchi Sea there are many lagoons, which make up about half the length of the entire coastline and stretch almost continuously from Cape Yakan in the north-west to Kolyuchinskaya Bay in the south-east. The largest of them are Kanygtokynmanky, Eryokynmanky, Tenkergykynmanky, Rypilgyn and Nutevyi.
Hydrological regime
The hydrological regime of the Chukchi Sea is determined by the interaction of cold Arctic waters and warmer waters of the Pacific Ocean entering through the Bering Strait, harsh climatic conditions, and the flow of floating ice from the north and west.
The Alaska Current passes into the Chukchi Sea through the Bering Strait at a water speed of up to 2 meters per second, turning north into the sea towards the shores of Alaska.
In the area of Lisborne Island it branches off from the Alaska Current. In addition to the Alaskan current, there is a current that comes through the Long Strait from the East Siberian Sea and carries its cold waters along the coast.
In summer, an anticyclonic circulation to the west appears, especially in the north of the sea, but stormy winds greatly influence its character and strength.
Strong wind in autumn period contributes to the formation of waves up to 7 meters high; in winter, with the formation of ice cover, the waves weaken. IN summer period waves are less due to reduced storm activity.
In the Chukchi Sea there are strong surge phenomena when, under the influence of storm winds, sea level rises by 3 meters or more.
Tides in the sea are insignificant: average value tides are about 15 centimeters.
The sea is covered with ice almost all year round.
The warm Alaskan Current leads to the clearing of the southern part of the sea from ice for 2-3 months during the warm period of the year. The cold current from the East Siberian Sea brings with it a lot of ice to the coast of Chukotka. The north of the sea is covered multi-year ice more than 2 meters thick.
on the shores of the Chukchi Sea 
Temperature
In the Bering Strait area, water temperatures rise to 12 °C in summer. As you move north the temperature drops to negative values. In winter, the water temperature almost reaches freezing point (-1.7 °C). With depth, the water temperature decreases, but in the eastern part of the sea in summer it remains positive until the very bottom. The surface water temperature in winter is 1.8°, in summer from 4 to 12°.
Salinity
Winter is characterized by increased salinity (about 31-33 ‰) of the under-ice layer of water. In summer, salinity is less, increasing from west to east from 28 to 32 ‰. At the melting edges of the ice, salinity is lower; it is minimal at river mouths (3-5 ‰). Typically, salinity increases with depth.
walruses drift on ice floes 
Fauna
Polar bears living in the ice of the Chukchi Sea belong to one of five genetically distinct populations of this species. Also inhabited by seals, walruses, and whales. Fish include Far Eastern navaga, grayling, Arctic char, and polar cod. In summer, the shores are covered with bird colonies. There are ducks, geese, seagulls and other birds.
WITH west side washed by the East Siberian and with east side Chukchi seas. Herald Island is a mountain outcrop located 60 km east of Wrangel Island in the Chukchi Sea.
Wrangel Island is located north of Chukotka, between 70-71° N latitude. and 179° W - 177°E Important feature geographical location The island is the fact that it is the only large landmass located at high latitudes in the northeastern sector of the Asian Arctic, in the continental shelf zone, the boundary of which ends approximately 300 km north of the island. At the same time, Wrangel Island is located close not only to Asia, but also to North America, and to the Bering Strait separating these continents, which serves as the only highway connecting the Pacific and Arctic oceans and a breeding ground for many species of marine animals.
The island is separated from the mainland by the Longa Strait, whose average width is 150 km, which ensures reliable isolation from the mainland. At the same time, the area of Wrangel Island is large enough to provide biological and landscape diversity. Other Arctic islands and archipelagos are separated from Wrangel Island by hundreds of kilometers.
Until the last rise in the level of the world's oceans, it was part of a single Beringian landmass.
The greatest length diagonally from northeast to southwest (between Capes Waring and Blossom) is about 145 km, and the maximum width from north to south (traverse Pestsovaya Bay - Krasina Bay) is slightly more than 80 km. Approximately 2/3 of the island's area is occupied by mountain systems With greatest height 1095.4 m above sea level (Sovetskaya).
Wrangel Island is one of the highest islands in the Euro-Asian sector of the Arctic and the highest island without glaciation in the Arctic in general. The island is characterized by highly dissected relief and a wide variety of geological and geomorphological structures.
Wrangel and Herald Islands, due to climatic conditions, landscape characteristics and vegetation cover, belong to the arctic tundra subzone (the northernmost subzone of the tundra zone).
(Chuk. Umkilir - “island of polar bears”) is a Russian island in the Arctic Ocean between the East Siberian and Chukchi seas. Named after the Russian navigator and statesman XIX century Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel.
Located at the junction of western and eastern hemispheres and is divided by the 180th meridian into two almost equal parts.
Administratively it belongs to the Iultinsky district of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
It is part of the reserve of the same name. Is an object world heritage UNESCO (2004).
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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
http://tapemark.narod.ru/
Melnikov A.V. Geographical names Far East Russia: Toponymic dictionary. — Blagoveshchensk: Interra-Plus (Interra+), 2009. — 55 p.
Pavlidis Yu. A., Babaev Yu. M., Ionin A. S., Vozovik Yu. I., Dunaev N. N. Features of polar morpholithogenesis on the shelf of the North-East of the USSR. Continental and island shelves. Relief and precipitation. M., “Science”, 1981, p. 33-96.
Shamraev Yu. I., Shishkina L. A. Oceanology. L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1980.
The Chukchi Sea in the book: A. D. Dobrovolsky, B. S. Zalogin. Seas of the USSR. Publishing house Moscow. University, 1982.
Wrangel F. P. Travel around northern shores Siberia and the Arctic Sea. - Glavsevmorput Publishing House, 1948.
Wikipedia website.
Magidovich I. P., Magidovich V. I. Essays on the history of geographical discoveries. - Enlightenment, 1985. - T. 4.
Krasinsky G.D. On a Soviet ship in the Arctic Ocean. Hydrographic expedition to Wrangel Island. - Publication of Litizdat N.K.I.D., 1925.
Shentalinsky V. A. Ice captain. - Magadan Book Publishing House, 1980. - 160 p.
Gromov L.V. A fragment of ancient Beringia. - Geographgiz, 1960. - 95 p.
http://www.photosight.ru/
photo: A. Kutsky, K. Lemeshev, E. Gusev,
The Chukchi Sea is located in the east north coast Russia, between Russian Chukotka and American Alaska. In the west it borders with the East Siberian Sea, in the east with the Beaufort Sea, in the south with the Bering Sea, and opens to the Arctic Ocean.
The area of the Chukchi Sea is 582 thousand sq. km. Volume 45.4 thousand cubic meters. km. Average depth 77 m. Large bays- Kotzebue and Kolyuchinskaya Bay. Islands - Wrangel, Herald and Prickly.
The sea is named after the Chukchi people living on the Chukotka Peninsula.
Don't come near me...
The Chukchi Sea is the very last stage of the Great Northern Sea Route, from which one can pass south through the Bering Strait into the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The sea became navigable after a series of expeditions carried out by Russian explorers. It is generally accepted that the discovery of this path is the result of the First Kamchatka expedition in 1728, led by the famous Russian navigator, Dane Vitus Bering, in whose honor the strait connecting the Chukchi and then Kamchatka Seas, later called the Bering Sea, was named. However, this is far from true history. Long before this, in 1648, from the mouth of the Kolyma River to the mouth of the Anadyr River, along the northern coast, rounding the Chukotka Peninsula, the actual discoverer of this route, Semyon Dezhnev, passed.
Yakut Cossack Semyon Dezhnev was a yasak collector with local population. To collect taxes, he constantly traveled around the area. In 1642, along the Indigirka River he reached the Arctic Ocean, then on foot to the mouth of the Kolyma River. The Nizhne-Kolyma fort was built there, which became a center of trade. Having learned from local residents that the Anadyr River is considered very rich, he, together with the clerk Fedot Popov, on June 20, 1648, on seven Kochs with a crew of more than a hundred people, set off by sea along the coast, hoping by sea reach the mouth of the Anadyr River. For Dezhnev, the goal was to bring local tribes under Russian citizenship and collect yasak from them. Popov was looking for new places to trade.
At the beginning of the campaign, the weather was favorable to them, and thanks to tailwind they were able to quickly reach Chukotka. But, before reaching the strait, two kochas were crushed by ice, and two were carried into the ocean. Three Kochas under the command of Dezhnev, Popov and Ankudinov rounded the extreme eastern cape Big Stone Nose, which was later named Cape Dezhnev.
A strong wind smashed Ankudinov's kochs against the coastal rocks, and the two surviving kochs were able to land on the shore. After a short stay, splitting into two remaining kochas, they moved south. The ensuing storm carried Popov’s koch into the sea, and Dezhnev’s koch washed ashore somewhere south of the mouth of the Anadyr. Within two weeks, Dezhnev’s team was able to reach the mouth of the Anadyr on foot, where they had to settle for the winter.
During the difficult winter, half the team died. In the spring of 1649, out of 25 people, only 12 remained. Having built boats, they climbed to the middle of the river and established the Anadyr fort there.
After the campaign, S. Dezhnev mapped and gave a description of the Anadyr River basin. After that, he served as a yasak collector for another 19 years. And when he arrived in Moscow, he handed over 289 pounds of walrus tusk to the sovereign treasury in the amount of 17,340 rubles, for which he was awarded 126 rubles for the tribute he handed over and his diligence in service. 20 kopecks silver, and he was granted atamans. S. Dezhnev served in Olenyok, Vilyui, and Yakutsk until 1670. after which he was again sent to deliver yasak to Moscow, where he reached in 1671. Dezhnev died there in Moscow in 1673.
For a very long time they did not know the fate of Popov’s team. And only 80 years later, members of the Russian expedition found out from local residents that Popov’s koch had washed up to the shores of Kamchatka, where they lived for some time. However, due to hunger and harsh conditions, none of them survived.
After these first attempts to pass from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean by water For a long time no one tried, at least there is no official information. In 1728, Vitus Bering sailed from the Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea, and in 1779, Captain James Cook.
First in Northern sea route In 1878-1879, the Swedish navigator Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld sailed from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean on the steamship Vega. Coming out in July 1878 from Tromso he goes through everything northern seas passed to the Chukchi Sea. But due to ice conditions on September 28, I was forced to stop near the village of Pitlekai in Kolyuchinskaya Bay and spend the winter there. On next year he went around Chukotka, passed through the strait into the Bering Sea and further through the Pacific and Indian Ocean, having circumnavigated the entire Eurasian continent through the Suez Canal, he returned to Sweden.
After this there were several attempts to go along this path. In 1914-15 B.V. Vilkitsky on the icebreakers Taimyr and Vaygach repeated A. Nordenskiöld’s campaign to opposite direction from Vladivostok to Arkhangelsk.
In 1932, the icebreaker Sibiryakov was the first to travel the entire route in one navigation, thereby proving the possibility of transporting goods along the Northern Sea Route.
In 1933, during the same attempt, the steamship Chelyuskin was crushed by ice in the Chukchi Sea and the crew had to be rescued with the help of aviation, which was then developing.
And only with the advent of powerful icebreakers was it possible to establish navigation along this difficult and dangerous route. Now this is the order of the day, when caravans of ships, accompanied by nuclear icebreakers, travel along this route in less than a month, and shuttle tankers make several trips during navigation.
The Chukchi Sea is very cold, the water temperature is not stable and depends on the cold waters of the Arctic and warmer waters coming through the Bering Strait from the Pacific Ocean; in summer it stays within 4-12 °C, in winter it does not exceed 1.6-1.8 °C. That's why floating ice there is a constant pattern here. Water salinity is from 28 to 32%. Sea bottom it is mostly gravel and loose silt. There are few rivers flowing into the Chukchi Sea; the largest are Amguema and Noatak. Large sea ports this is the Russian Whalen and the American Barrow. Fishing is limited to only a few species: navaga, grayling, polar cod and char. Hunting is mainly for walrus, seal and seal.
Despite the enormous danger, some daredevils are not afraid to hunt whales, whose population is over last years has increased significantly.
Large oil reserves have been explored on the shelf of the Chukchi Sea, somewhere around 30 billion barrels. But mining is not carried out yet in order to avoid environmental damage, although American company Royal Dutch Shell, contrary to international requirements, has been planning to do this for several years.
The large islands of Wrangel and Herald are uninhabited and are protected areas; for many years they have been a breeding ground for polar bears and rookeries for walruses. Wrangel Island lies about two hundred kilometers from the coast of the mainland. However, in some clear days high mountains it, almost merging with the airy haze, is visible from the mainland.
Previously served as a place where poachers ruled with impunity, now it is state reserve. Obviously, this kind of phenomenon, although very rare, has happened before. They made it possible to learn about the existence of the island before people actually visited it and put it on the map.
To the east of Wrangel Island, on the border of visibility, there is a small island called Kolyuchin. This island is rocky, has steep shores that are almost everywhere inaccessible for landing. Its only inhabitants are birds, who reign supreme over the barren rocks of the island. But there are several tens of thousands of birds there.
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In books published about twenty years ago, there is a mention of another island in the central part of the sea. It even received the name “Peasant Woman” Island, after the schooner that discovered it. But several years passed - and the island of “Peasant Women” was “closed”. It turned out that its discovery was a geographical mistake.
The coast of Chukotka is more mountainous than the coast of Alaska. However, even here the mountains do not come close to the shore everywhere. In many places they stand behind the coastal plain, behind a chain of lagoons and spits, washed out by currents and emerging from the water due to the rise of land.
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On the coast of Alaska there are the same layers of ice and soil as in East Siberia. On the coast of the bay, which was first explored by Russian sailors - the bay was named Kotzebue in honor of the leader of the expedition; in August 1816, O. Kotzebue's expedition discovered a layer of fossil ice under a layer of soil, and in it - the remains of ancient animals.
Here is a photo of a baby mammoth found in Chukotka. This discovery amazed scientists different countries, since until then they had not seen anything like this.
At Cape Dezhnev, the converging shores of the continents form a funnel, which in the southern part becomes the so-called “throat”, this is the Bering Strait, the passage from Chukotka to. Two oceans connect here - the Arctic and the Pacific.
As we have already indicated, the Russian people learned about the existence of the strait about three hundred years ago, when our compatriots Fedot Popov and Semyon Dezhnev walked along the northern outskirts of the country and discovered the strait to the east of it, and beyond it - “ Big Earth" - America. According to some assumptions, some of the satellites of F. Popov and S. Dezhnev landed on this “ Big Earth"and founded the first Russian settlement in Alaska.
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In honor of the three hundredth anniversary of the remarkable campaign of Dezhnev and his comrades, which culminated in such an important geographical discovery At the junction of two oceans, the Soviet government decided to erect a monument to this outstanding explorer. The location of the monument is on the high Cape Dezhnev. The bust of the traveler is mounted on a granite pedestal, and a map is engraved on a metal board under the bust, which shows the route taken by Dezhnev in 1648.
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In this way, the Russian people perpetuated the memory of those who, risking their lives, advocated for the strengthening Russian state, for expanding its boundaries.
Despite the very harsh climatic conditions, the residents of this region are quite happy with their lives. Far from civilization, they live in their own established ways. They breed deer, fish, hunt seals and seals, in short, they live for their own pleasure. Moreover, this way of life and unusual northern conditions Lately attracted here a large number of tourists.
Video: Chukchi Sea:...
The salinity of the water of the Chukchi Sea has been of interest to sailors and travelers since ancient times. What is it like, this body of water located on the very outskirts of the Arctic Ocean? What is the history of its development? Animal and vegetable world? Relief and physical-geographical position? Let's find out.
Unique location
The Chukchi Sea, the salinity, depth and temperature of which will be described in detail in this article, is located between and the state of Alaska. It is conditional border not only between two states, but also between two continents and two continents.
On the western side, the reservoir connects with the East Siberian Sea through in the south - with the Bering Sea through the Bering Strait. East End The Chukchi Sea washes Cape Barrow, thereby coming into contact with As we see, the Chukchi Sea, thanks to its geographical location location, is a connecting link between vast territories and bodies of water.
Moreover, along its water area there is conditional line, By different sides which local time differ from each other by twenty-four hours (a whole day). This conventional line, generally accepted in the international community, is called the International Date Line.
When was the Chukchi Sea discovered (salinity and other indicators of the reservoir will be described below)?
History of discovery
It is noteworthy that in ancient times the Chukchi Sea was developed three times, and each time by different people.
This reservoir was first mentioned back in 1648, when the Russian Semyon Dezhnev walked along it from the Kolyma River to the Andadyr River. Who was this man and what contribution did he make to the development of the land?
Semyon Ivanovich was born in 1605 in the small town of Veliky Ustyug. Nothing is known about the childhood and youth of this sailor and traveler. IN mature years Dezhnev entered the tsarist service and moved to Siberia, where he initially served as an ordinary Cossack. Later he became an ataman and was appointed yasak collector. While performing his official duties, Semyon Ivanovich organized the Chukotka expedition, which he went on with his comrades on several kochas - fishing sailing ships.
During the journey, Dezhnev showed himself to be a strong and wise sailor. Having survived several forced winters, shipwrecks and snow drifts, the sailor explored the Chukchi Sea and the peninsula of the same name, the Bering Strait and the outskirts North America. Semyon Ivanovich kept notes in which he entered his observations, notes and diagrams.
History of the study
Who became Dezhnev's successor in this complex and dangerous business development of the Chukchi Sea? In 1728, a Russian expedition was sent to the shores of this reservoir, headed by the captain-commander, a Dane by birth, Vitus Jonassen Bering. This fearless navigator entered the Chukchi Sea through the strait, later named after him, where he was able to conduct instrumental surveys of the western coast.
Fifty-one years later heroic act Russian sailors repeated by James Cook, an English sailor and famous traveler.
He also crossed the Chukchi Sea, carefully studying its coastline and surrounding area. This happened in 1978, at the end of the third circumnavigation carried out by a brave sailor and his crew. They crossed the North Arctic Circle, entered the Chukchi Sea and headed for the Aleutian Islands. During his journey across the ice field, Cook was able to study the area in detail, familiarize himself with Bering's maps and create his own own plan northern land.
History of the name
What was the name of the Chukchi Sea in those days (the salinity, depth and relief of which will be described below)? The fact is that until the mid-twentieth century, this body of water was considered part of the East Siberian Sea, and only in 1935 was it officially given a name in honor of the inhabitants inhabiting the peninsula of the same name.
This decision was made after the Norwegian polar oceanographer and meteorologist Harald Sverdrup, in the course of his hydrographic research, discovered that the body of water located between Wrangel Island and Cape Barrow was very different from the surrounding sea area.
Having accomplished small excursion into the history of navigation, let's now take a closer look at the Chukchi Sea itself and its features.
Common parameters. Depth
The northern reservoir occupies a relatively small area - five hundred eighty-nine thousand six hundred square kilometers. How deep is this vast expanse of water?
More than half of the entire area is occupied by depths with a minimum indicator of no more than fifty meters. The maximum depth reaches one kilometer, two hundred and fifty-six meters.
Salinity and depth of the Chukchi Sea are closely related. The following principle can be traced: the higher the depth, the stronger the salinity.
Common parameters. Relief
According to research, the reservoir is located on the shelf - a flattened area of the underwater edge of the continent adjacent to the land. Here the depth of the water varies between forty and sixty meters. There may also be shallows with depths of ten to thirteen meters. Therefore, it becomes clear that along the coastline there is a relatively low salinity of the Chukchi Sea (in ppm it is approximately equal to twenty-eight units).
The seabed of the reservoir is varied and beautiful, cut by two long depressions (or canyons), the depth of which reaches ninety meters (Herald Canyon) and one hundred and sixty meters (Barrow Canyon).
The bottom surface is also heterogeneous. Loose silt mixed with sand and gravel is found here).
Common parameters. Temperature
As many scientists note, the salinity of the Chukchi Sea and the temperature of its waters are also closely interrelated. How? The lower the temperature, the saltier the water.
For example, in winter time, at a water temperature of about two degrees minus, it can reach thirty-three ppm. During this period, the highest salinity of the Chukchi Sea is observed (this ratio is quite easy to convert into percentages, since ppm is one thousandth, or one tenth of a percent). That is, an indicator of thirty-three ppm is equal to 3.3 percent.
In summer, water salinity fluctuates between twenty-eight and thirty-two ppm, and temperature regime seas vary from four to twelve degrees above zero.
Currents
At the mouths of rivers, the minimum salinity is observed (from three to five ppm).
As you can see, this parameter is influenced not only by depth and temperature, but also by currents. How?
For example, in the summer, through the Bering Strait, warm waters fresh rivers, which significantly reduces the salinity of water throughout the reservoir. Most often this Siberian rivers, flowing to the southeast.
Tides also occur in the Chukchi Sea, but they are considered insignificant due to the Bering Strait, which prevents the significant influence of the Arctic Ocean on the Chukchi Sea. Average height tides usually do not exceed fifteen centimeters.
As for the water disturbances, they are also small. In autumn, decent waves with a height of about six to seven centimeters are observed, but soon the disturbance of the waters subsides, as they freeze.
For more than six months, the Chukchi Sea is covered with ice. Typically, the freezing process begins at the end of October, and the melting of ice occurs at the beginning of June.
Along the coast
On the territory of the Chukchi Sea there are two large ports - Uelen (from the Russian Federation) and Barrow (from the United States of America).
On the Arctic coast of the reservoir there are many beautiful shallow lagoons, the largest of which are Kanygtokynmanky, Eryokynmanky, Tenkergykynmanky and others.
Industry
According to some estimates, the underwater part of the Chukchi Sea contains twenty-five to thirty billion barrels of oil. Also observed at the bottom large cluster placer gold for industrial mining.
Fauna of the reservoir
On the ice of the Chukchi Sea you can find a polar bear - a large predatory mammal whose length can reach three meters and body weight - half a ton.
Polar bears are distinguished from their brown counterparts by their long necks and flat heads. In summer, under the influence of direct sun rays their fur may turn yellow and turn white again in winter.
Most often, animals live on drifting ice floes, where they hunt for seals, seals and walruses. Pregnant females hibernate in winter, while healthy males sleep irregularly and very little in winter (about two months).
Also in the Chukchi Sea, seals, huge mammals from the walrus family, find refuge.
Their body length varies between two and three meters, and their weight usually reaches nine hundred kilograms. They feed on squid, crustaceans and other marine life.
In the waters of the sea you can often find valuable fish, such as grayling, Far Eastern navaga. In summer, geese, ducks, and seagulls nest along the shores, which organize real bird markets.
Finally
As you can see, the Chukchi Sea is a large Arctic body of water connecting Russia and America. Its beautiful relief bottom is decorated with canyons and numerous algae. In the waters of the sea, dozens of representatives of wildlife find refuge - all kinds of fish, crustaceans, and mammals.
The average salinity of the Chukchi Sea can reach thirty ppm (that's about three percent). As mentioned above, the salinity of water is influenced by several factors - water temperature, depth of the reservoir and all kinds of currents.
On the islands located near the Chukchi Sea, there is a state nature reserve“Wrangel Island”, protecting endangered species of polar bears and walruses.