Argun River, Argun
Argun (Hailar, Mong. Ergune, Evenk. Ergen) is a river in China and Russia, the right component of the Amur. The Russian-Chinese border runs along part of the river.
- 1 Title
- 2 Geography
- 3 Tributaries
- 4 Nature
- 5 Ecology
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes
- 8 Links
Name
The modern transcription of the river's name comes from Evenk. Ergene - " winding river" translated from Mongolian Ergune means “wide”. On Chinese it is called Ergunhe (Ergun River), in the upper reaches it is known as the Hailar River (Haylarhe). There is another, less likely explanation for the origin of the river's name. Transbaikal local historian and doctor N. Kashin wrote in his article “A few words about Arguni” that “the Mongols call it not Argun, but Argun, which means: cloying, fatty.”
There were other transcriptions: Ergune (among the Mongols), Argun (among Rashid Eddin), Urgenu (in the chronicle of T. Toboev), Ergun (among the local historian I. Yurensky, 1852), Argon (among the Golds, according to Maksimovich). The name of this river appears for the first time among Russians: on the “Drawing of Siberia” of 1667 as Argunya, on the “Drawing” of 1698 as the Argun River.
Geography
Arguni basinThe length of the river is 1620 km, its area drainage basin- 164,000 km². It originates in the mountains of the Greater Khingan and flows for 311 km through the territory of China, where it is called Hailar (Hailarhe). Next is the border river (between Russia and China). Upon leaving China it has a wide valley with extensive floodplain; closer to the mouth the valley narrows. Merging with the Shilka River it forms the Amur River.
The main supply is from rain. years, abundant in precipitation, connects to the lake basin. Dalainor. It freezes at the end of November and opens at the beginning of May.
Shipping is irregular. From 2nd half XVII centuries walked along the Arguni trade routes from Siberia to the centers of Eastern China.
Tributaries
Major tributaries:
- left - Urov, Uryumkan, Gazimur
- right - Genhe (Gan), Nyuerhe, Jiliuhe
(distance from mouth)
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Nature
About 60 species of fish live in the Argun River basin, including commercial ones - grass carp, carp, chum salmon, etc.
Ecology
In 2007, Argun was characterized by the worst water quality in the Trans-Baikal Territory, especially in winter period, which is due to the influence of pollution sources located in China.
see also
- Argun depression
- Ergune-kun
Notes
- Argun // Bolshaya Soviet Encyclopedia. 3rd ed. / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1970. - T. 2. Angola - Barzas. - P. 182.
- WATER RESOURCES OF RIVERS AND THEIR QUALITY. Archived from the original on August 16, 2012.
Links
- “Argun, river” in the Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia.
- Argun // encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
- Argun in the “Dictionary of Modern Geographical Names”
| Amur (from source to mouth) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tributaries | Shilka · · Amazar · Urusha · Oldoy · Amurhe · Humahe · Zeya · Curled · Sunhe · Bureya · Sungari · Bira · Ussuri · Tunguska · Anyui · Gur · Gorin · Amgun | |
| Crossings | Khabarovsk (road and railway) · Tunnel near Amur · Komsomolsk-on-Amur (road and railway) · Bridge to the Big Ussuri Island | |
| Settlements | Blagoveshchensk · Heihe · Amurzet · Zhaoxing · Leninskoye · Fuyuan · Khabarovsk · Named after Telman · Yelabuga · Naykhin · Troitskoye · Innokentyevka · Voznesenskoye · Amursk · Pivan · Komsomolsk-on-Amur · Nizhnetambovskoye · Yagodny · Zimmermanovka · Sofiysk · Mariinskoye · Bulava · Bogorodskoye · Mago · Nikolaevsk-on-Amur | |
Argun, Argun River
Argun Information About
Translated from Mongolian language- “wide”. Within China it is called Hailar.
The Argun originates on the western slope of the Greater Khingan. The length of the river is 1620 km. The upper section of the river, 669 km long, is located in China. The lower section, 951 km long, is the border section between Russia and China. The basin area is 164 thousand km 2, of which 30% is located in Russia (the left bank of the middle and lower reaches of the river). Argun is the 1st in length and 4th in terms of basin area Russian tributary of the Amur. The density of the river network varies from 0.20 km/km 2 in the north to 0.10 km/km 2 in the south. Largest tributaries: Kuder, Moer-Gol, Genhe, Darbul, Xingantun, Jiliuhe (China) (right); Urulyungui, Upper Borzya, Middle Borzya, Lower Borzya, Urov, Uryumkan, Gazimur (Russia) (left). There is an opinion that in the distant past the upper reaches of the river were located to the west of the modern one, in Mongolia (Kerulen River). The Argun crossed Lake Dalainor, and the river. Hailar was its largest right tributary. Currently this lake and river. The Argun is connected by a channel, which dries up during low-water periods. Taking into account the catchment area of Lake Dalainor total area of the ancient Arguni basin was 285 thousand km 2.
On the territory of China, the river flows to the west and in the area of Lake Dalainor turns to the northeast, cutting through the Klichkinsky, Nerchinsky, Uryumkansky, Gazimursky ridges. The Borschovochny ridge in the north of the basin serves as a watershed with the river basin. Shilki. The river valley is wide. The floodplain reaches a width of 10 km and is swampy. The river bed is unstable, winding and branched into branches. The shift of the main branch of the river from the Chinese to the Russian bank (and vice versa) leads to the need to change state border between Russia and China. The Chinese coast is protected from erosion by stone fortifications.
The climate of the territory has features of sharply continental and monsoon. IN winter time seasonal permafrost merges with permafrost. The main amount of precipitation falls in the warm season (during the monsoon period). East End the pool is more humidified. In mountainous areas (especially on the western slopes) precipitation falls more than on the plain. In steppe areas, precipitation is 200–300 mm, in mountain areas – 250–450 mm. Proportion of precipitation for summer time exceeds 60%. The thickness of the snow cover is 5–10 cm. The amount of evaporation is 300–350 mm. The river basin is located in the steppe zone, and in the mountainous areas there are larch (less often pine) forests. The wetlands in the river valley are a recreational, nesting and habitat area for many Red Book species of migratory birds.
The average annual water flow in the village. Olocha (425 km from the mouth) is equal to 192 m 3 /s (flow volume 6.06 km 2 /year). The river is fed by rain (50–70% of the annual runoff) and snow. Far Eastern type of water regime with spring floods and prolonged summer-autumn floods. During the flood period (June–October) 74% of the annual water flow occurs, in April–May it accounts for 19%, and in the low-water period from November to March – 7%. The average highest water flow is 858 m 3 /s. The minimum flow is formed during winter low water. The runoff layer varies from 20 mm in the south to 100 mm in the north of the basin. The runoff coefficient varies from 0.10 to 0.25. The water flow module is from 0.7 l/(s∙km 2) in the south in the Dalainor-Kerulen region to 2.8 l/(s∙km 2) in the north in the Transbaikal part of the basin. The river freezes in November and is cleared of ice in April.
The average turbidity of water in the border section of the river does not exceed 100 g/m 3 ; it increases significantly during the period of rain floods. Water mineralization varies from low to low. River water is of the same quality as dirty and very dirty. The main pollutants include organic compounds, copper and phenols. In winter in river water oxygen deficiency is possible (oxygen content less than 2 mg/dm3).
The river's water resources are used for agricultural and industrial water supply. On Chinese territory Relatively small reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations have been built. To maintain the water level in Lake Dalainor in China, part of the flood flow is transferred (up to 30% of the water flow in the summer months).
The river is a collector Wastewater, mainly coming from China. About 60 species of fish live in Argun, including grass carp, carp, and chum salmon.
Settlements on the banks of the river: Orchokhan, Yakshi (Shuguit-Qi), Hailar, Tsagan (China), Priargunsk (Russia), Shiwei (China), Olochi, Argunsk (Russia), Qiqian, Uma, Imuhe, Sikouzi (China).