The “death factory” of Auschwitz (Auschwitz) acquired more and more terrible fame. If in the remaining concentration camps there was at least some hope of survival, then most of the Jews, Gypsies and Slavs staying in Auschwitz were destined to die either in gas chambers, either from overwork and serious illnesses, or from the experiments of the sinister doctor, who was one of the first persons to meet the new arrivals at the train. It was the Auschwitz concentration camp that gained notoriety as a place where experiments were carried out on people.
Mengele was appointed chief physician in Birkenau - in the inner camp of Auschwitz, where he behaved clearly as the chief. His skin ambitions gave him no rest. Only here, in a place where people do not have the slightest hope of salvation, could he feel like the master of fate.
Read more about Josef Mengele’s childhood and personality formation in my article -« Doctor Death – Josef Mengele » . Also read others interesting articles about the Great Patriotic War:
Participation in the selection was one of his favorite “entertainment”. He always came to the train, even when it was not required of him. Constantly looking perfect (as befits the owner of the anal vector), smiling, happy, he decided who would die now and who would go to work.
It was difficult to deceive his keen analytical eye: Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people. Many women, children under 15 and old people were immediately sent to the gas chambers. Only 30 percent of prisoners were lucky enough to avoid this fate and temporarily delay the date of their death.
Chief physician of Birkenau (one of the inner camps of Auschwitz) and
manager research laboratory Dr. Joseph Mengele.
First days in Auschwitz
Soundman Joseph Mengele thirsted for power over people's destinies. It is not surprising that Auschwitz became a real paradise for the Doctor, who was capable of exterminating hundreds of thousands of defenseless people at a time, which he demonstrated in the very first days of work at the new place, when he ordered the extermination of 200 thousand Gypsies.
“On the night of July 31, 1944, a terrible scene of the destruction of a gypsy camp took place. Kneeling before Mengele and Boger, women and children begged for their life. But it did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks. It was a terrible, terrible sight.", say surviving eyewitnesses.
Human life has assigned nothing to the Angel of Death. All of Mengele's actions were drastic and merciless. Is there a typhus epidemic in the barracks? This means we will send the entire barracks to the gas chambers. This is the best way to stop the disease. Do the women have lice in the barracks? Kill all 750 women! Just think: one thousand more unwanted people, one less.
He chose who to live and who to die, who to sterilize, who to operate on... Dr. Mengele not only felt equal to God. He put himself in God's place. A typical crazy idea in a sick sound vector, which, against the backdrop of the sadism of the anal vector, resulted in the idea of wiping unwanted peoples from the face of the earth and creating a new noble Aryan race.
All experiments of the Angel of Death boiled down to two main tasks: to find effective method, which can influence the reduction in the birth rate of unwanted races, and by all means increase the birth rate of Aryan healthy children. Just imagine how much pleasure it brought him to be in that place that other people preferred not to remember at all.
Head of the labor service of the women's block of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese
and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Joseph Kramer
under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.
Mengele had his own associates and followers. One of them was Irma Grese - an anal-cutaneous-muscular sound artist, a sadist with a sick sound, working as a guard in the women's block. The girl took pleasure in tormenting the prisoners; she could take the lives of prisoners only because she was in a bad mood.
Josef Mengele's first task in reducing the birth rate of Jews, Slavs and Gypsies was to develop the most effective method of sterilization for men and women. So he operated on boys and men without anesthesia, subjected X-ray exposure women...
The opportunity to conduct experiments on innocent people freed up the Doctor's sadistic frustrations: he seemed to derive pleasure not so much from audio search truth, how much from the inhuman treatment of prisoners. Mengele studied the possibilities of human endurance: he subjected the unfortunate to the test of cold, heat, various infections...
However, medicine itself did not seem so interesting to the Angel of Death, in contrast to his favorite eugenics - the science of creating a “pure race”.
Barrack No. 10
1945 Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp. Children, prisoners of the camp, are waiting for their release.
Eugenics, if you look at encyclopedias, is the doctrine of human selection, i.e. a science that seeks to improve the properties of heredity. Scientists making discoveries in eugenics argue that the human gene pool is degenerating and this must be fought.
In fact, the basis of eugenics, as well as the basis of the phenomena of Nazism and fascism, is anal division into “clean” and “dirty”: healthy - sick, good - bad, what is allowed to live, and what can “harm future generations”, therefore, does not have the right to exist and reproduce, from which society must be “cleansed.” This is why there are calls to sterilize “defective” people in order to cleanse the gene pool.
Joseph Mengele, as a representative of eugenics, faced important task: in order to breed a pure race, you need to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”. That is why the Angel of Death was of great interest in dwarfs, giants, various freaks and other people whose deviations were associated with certain disorders in genes.
Thus, among Joseph Mengele’s “favorites” was the Jewish family of Lilliputian musicians Ovitz from Romania (and later the Shlomowitz family that joined them), for whose support, by order of the Angel of Death, they were created Better conditions in the camp.
The Ovitz family was interesting to Mengele, first of all, because, along with the Lilliputians, there were also ordinary people. The Ovits were well fed, allowed to wear their own clothes and not shave their hair. In the evenings, the Ovitzs entertained Dr. Death by playing musical instruments. Joseph Mengele called his “favorites” by the names of the seven dwarfs from Snow White.
Seven brothers and sisters, originally from the Romanian town of Rosvel, lived in a labor camp for almost a year.
One might think that the Angel of Death became attached to the Lilliputians, but this was not the case. When it came to experiments, he already treated his “friends” in a completely unfriendly manner: the poor fellows had their teeth and hair pulled out, cerebrospinal fluid extracts were taken, unbearably hot and unbearably cold substances were poured into their ears, and terrible gynecological experiments were performed.
"The most scary experiments of all [were] gynecological. Only those of us who were married went through them. We were tied to a table and systematic torture began. They inserted some objects into the uterus, pumped out blood from there, picked out the insides, pierced us with something and took pieces of samples. The pain was unbearable."
The results of the experiments were sent to Germany. Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to Joseph Mengele's reports on eugenics and experiments on Lilliputians. The entire Ovitz family was stripped naked and displayed in front of a large audience like scientific exhibits.
Doctor Mengele's Twins
"Twins!"- this cry resounded over the crowd of prisoners, when the next twins or triplets timidly huddled together were suddenly discovered. They were kept alive and taken to a separate barracks, where the children were well fed and even given toys. A sweet, smiling doctor with a steely gaze often came to see them: he treated them to sweets and gave them rides around the camp in his car.
However, Mengele did all this not out of sympathy or out of love for the children, but only with the cold calculation that they would not be afraid of his appearance when the time came for the next twins to go to the operating table. That’s the whole price of initial “luck”. "My guinea pigs" The terrible and merciless Doctor Death called the twin children.
The interest in twins was not accidental. Josef Mengele was worried main idea: if every German woman, instead of one child, gives birth to two or three healthy ones at once, the Aryan race will finally be able to be reborn. That is why it was very important for the Angel of Death to study in the smallest detail all the structural features of identical twins. He hoped to understand how to artificially increase the birth rate of twins.
The twin experiments involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived.
The first part of the experiments on twins was harmless enough. The doctor needed to carefully examine each pair of twins and compare all their body parts. Centimeter by centimeter they measured arms, legs, fingers, hands, ears, noses and everything, everything, everything.
Such meticulousness in the research was not accidental. After all, the anal vector, which is present not only in Joseph Mengele, but also in many other scientists, does not tolerate haste, but, on the contrary, requires detailed analysis. Every little detail needs to be taken into account.
The Angel of Death meticulously recorded all measurements in tables. Everything is as it should be anal vector: on the shelves, neatly, accurately. As soon as the measurements were completed, the experiments on the twins moved into another phase.
It was very important to check the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. For this purpose, one of the twins was taken: he was injected with some dangerous virus, and the doctor observed: what will happen next? All results were again recorded and compared with the results of the other twin. If a child became very ill and was on the verge of death, then he was no longer interesting: he, while still alive, was either opened up or sent to a gas chamber.
The twins were given each other's blood, internal organs were transplanted (often from a pair of other twins), and dye segments were injected into their eyes (to test whether brown Jewish eyes could become blue Aryan eyes). Many experiments were carried out without anesthesia. The children screamed and begged for mercy, but nothing could stop the one who imagined himself to be the Creator.
The idea is primary, the life of the “little people” is secondary. This in a simple way Many unhealthy sound people are guided by this. Dr. Mengele dreamed of revolutionizing the world (in particular the world of genetics) with his discoveries. What does he care about some children!
So the Angel of Death decided to create Siamese twins by stitching together gypsy twins. The children suffered terrible torment and blood poisoning began. The parents could not observe this and suffocated the experimental subjects at night in order to alleviate the suffering.
A little more about Mengele's ideas
Joseph Mengele with a colleague at the Institute of Anthropology and Genetics
human and eugenics named after. Kaiser Wilhelm. Late 1930s.
While doing terrible things and conducting inhuman experiments on people, Joseph Mengele everywhere hides behind science and his idea. At the same time, many of his experiments were not only inhumane, but also meaningless, not bringing any discovery to science. Experiments for the sake of experiments, torture, infliction of pain.
My cruelty and Mengele covered up his actions with the laws of nature. “We know that natural selection controls nature, exterminating inferior individuals. The weaker ones are excluded from the reproduction process. This the only way maintaining a healthy human population. IN modern conditions we must protect nature: prevent inferior ones from reproducing. Such people should be subjected to forced sterilization.".
People for him are just “human material”, which, like any other material, is divided only into high-quality or low-quality. Poor quality and don't mind throwing it away. It can be burned in furnaces and poisoned in chambers, causing inhuman pain and carrying out terrible experiments: i.e. be used in every possible way to create "quality human material", who has not only excellent health and high intelligence, but also generally devoid of any "defects".
How to achieve the creation of a higher caste? “This can only be achieved in one way - by selecting the best human material. Everything will end in disaster if the principle natural selection will be rejected. A few gifted people will not be able to withstand the multi-billion-dollar mass of idiots. Perhaps the gifted will survive, as reptiles once survived, and billions of idiots will disappear, as the dinosaurs once disappeared. We must not allow a massive increase in the number of such idiots.” The egocentrism of the sound vector in these lines reaches its apogee. Looking down on other people, deep contempt and hatred - that’s what motivated the Doctor.
When the sound vector is in a sick state, any ethical standards. At the output we get: “From an ethical point of view, the problem is this: it is necessary to determine in which cases a person should be kept alive and in which cases he should be destroyed. Nature has shown us the ideal of truth and the ideal of beauty. What does not correspond to these ideals perishes as a result of selection arranged by nature itself.”
Speaking about the benefits of humanity, the Angel of Death does not at all mean all of humanity as such, for such peoples as Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and others do not deserve, in his opinion, life at all. He feared that if his research fell into the hands of the Slavs, they would be able to use the discoveries for the benefit of their people.
That is why Joseph Mengele, when Soviet troops were approaching Germany and the defeat of the Germans was inevitable, hastily collected all his tables, notebooks, notes and left the camp, ordering the destruction of traces of his crimes - the surviving twins and midgets.
When the twins were taken to the gas chambers, Zyklon-B suddenly ran out and the execution was postponed. Fortunately, the Soviet troops were already very close, and the Germans fled.
Josef Mengele was born on March 6, 1911. German doctor, who conducted medical experiments on prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. Mengele was personally involved in the selection of prisoners arriving at the camp, and conducted criminal experiments on prisoners, including men, children and women. Tens of thousands of people became its victims.
Horrible experiences Dr. Mengele - Nazi "Doctor Death"
"Death Factory" Auschwitz (Auschwitz) gained more and more terrible fame. If in the remaining concentration camps there was at least some hope of survival, then most of the Jews, Gypsies and Slavs staying in Auschwitz were destined to die either in gas chambers, or from backbreaking labor and serious illnesses, or from the experiments of a sinister doctor who was one one of the first persons meeting new arrivals at the train.
Auschwitz was known as a place where human experiments were carried out
Participation in the selection was one of his favorite “entertainment”. He always came to the train, even when it was not required of him. Looking perfect, smiling, happy, he decided who would die now and who would go on experiments. It was difficult to deceive his keen eye: Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people. Many women, children under 15 and old people were immediately sent to the gas chambers. Only 30 percent of prisoners managed to avoid this fate and temporarily delay the date of their death.
Dr. Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people
Joseph Mengele thirsted for power over people's destinies. It is not surprising that Auschwitz became a real paradise for the Angel of Death, who was capable of exterminating hundreds of thousands of defenseless people at a time, which he demonstrated in the very first days of work at the new place, when he ordered the extermination of 200 thousand Gypsies.
Chief physician of Birkenau (one of the inner camps of Auschwitz) and head of the research laboratory, Dr. Josef Mengele.
“On the night of July 31, 1944, a terrible scene of the destruction of a gypsy camp took place. Kneeling before Mengele and Boger, women and children begged for their life. But it did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks. It was a terrible, nightmarish sight,” say surviving eyewitnesses.
Human life meant nothing to the “Angel of Death.” Mengele was cruel and merciless. Is there a typhus epidemic in the barracks? This means we will send the entire barracks to the gas chambers. This is the best way to stop the disease.
Joseph Mengele chose who to live and who to die, who to sterilize, who to operate on.
All experiments of the Angel of Death boiled down to two main tasks: to find an effective way that could influence the reduction in the birth rate of races disliked by the Nazis, and by all means to increase the birth rate of the Aryans.
Mengele had his own associates and followers. One of them was Irma Grese, a sadist who worked as a guard in the women's block. She took pleasure in tormenting the prisoners; she could take the lives of prisoners only because she was in a bad mood.
The head of the labor service of the women's block of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Joseph Kramer under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.
Josef Mengele had followers. For example, Irma Grese, who is capable of taking the lives of prisoners due to a bad attitude
Josef Mengele's first task in reducing the birth rate was to develop the most effective method of sterilization for men and women. So he operated on boys and men without anesthesia and exposed women to X-rays.
To reduce the birth rate of Jews, Slavs and Gypsies, Mengele proposed the development of an effective method for sterilizing men and women
1945 Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp. Children, prisoners of the camp, are waiting for their release.
Eugenics, if you turn to encyclopedias, is the study of human selection, that is, a science that seeks to improve the properties of heredity. Scientists making discoveries in eugenics argue that the human gene pool is degenerating and this must be fought.
Joseph Mengele believed that in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”
Joseph Mengele, as a representative of eugenics, faced an important task: in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”. That is why the Angel of Death was of great interest in dwarfs, giants and other people with genetic abnormalities.
Seven brothers and sisters, originally from the Romanian town of Rosvel, lived in a labor camp for almost a year.
When it came to experiments, people had their teeth and hair pulled out, extracts of cerebrospinal fluid were taken, unbearably hot and unbearably cold substances were poured into their ears, and terrible gynecological experiments were performed.
“The most terrible experiments of all were gynecological ones. Only those of us who were married went through them. We were tied to a table and systematic torture began. They inserted some objects into the uterus, pumped out blood from there, picked out the insides, pierced us with something and took pieces of samples. The pain was unbearable."
The results of the experiments were sent to Germany. Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to Joseph Mengele's reports on eugenics and experiments on Lilliputians.
Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to the reports of Josef Mengele
"Twins!" - this cry echoed over the crowd of prisoners, when suddenly the next twins or triplets timidly huddled together were discovered. They were kept alive and taken to a separate barracks, where the children were well fed and even given toys. A sweet, smiling doctor with a steely gaze often came to see them: he treated them to sweets and gave them rides around the camp in his car. However, Mengele did all this not out of sympathy or out of love for the children, but only with the cold calculation that they would not be afraid of his appearance when the time came for the next twins to go to the operating table. “My guinea pigs” was what the merciless Doctor Death called the twin children.
The interest in twins was not accidental. Mengele was worried about the main idea: if every German woman, instead of one child, gave birth to two or three healthy ones at once, the Aryan race could finally be reborn. That is why it was very important for the Angel of Death to study in the smallest detail all the structural features of identical twins. He hoped to understand how to artificially increase the birth rate of twins.
The twin experiments involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived.
The first part of the experiments on twins was harmless enough. The doctor needed to carefully examine each pair of twins and compare all their body parts. Arms, legs, fingers, hands, ears and noses were measured centimeter by centimeter.
The Angel of Death meticulously recorded all measurements in tables. Everything is as it should be: on the shelves, neatly, precisely. As soon as the measurements were completed, the experiments on the twins moved into another phase. It was very important to check the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. To do this, they took one of the twins: he was injected with some dangerous virus, and the doctor observed: what will happen next? All results were again recorded and compared with the results of the other twin. If a child became very ill and was on the verge of death, then he was no longer interesting: he, while still alive, was either opened up or sent to a gas chamber.
Joseph Menge used 1,500 pairs in his experiments on twins, of which only 200 survived
The twins received blood transfusions, internal organ transplants (often from a pair of other twins), and dye segments injected into their eyes (to test whether brown Jewish eyes could become blue Aryan eyes). Many experiments were carried out without anesthesia. The children screamed and begged for mercy, but nothing could stop Mengele.
The idea is primary, the life of the “little people” is secondary. Dr. Mengele dreamed of revolutionizing the world (in particular the world of genetics) with his discoveries.
So the Angel of Death decided to create Siamese twins by stitching together gypsy twins. The children suffered terrible torment and blood poisoning began.
Joseph Mengele with a colleague at the Institute of Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics. Kaiser Wilhelm. Late 1930s.
While doing terrible things and conducting inhuman experiments on people, Joseph Mengele everywhere hides behind science and his idea. At the same time, many of his experiments were not only inhumane, but also meaningless, not bringing any discovery to science. Experiments for the sake of experiments, torture, infliction of pain.
The Ovitz and Shlomowitz families and 168 twins enjoyed their long-awaited freedom. The children ran towards their saviors, crying and hugging. Is the nightmare over? No, he will now haunt the survivors for the rest of his life. When they feel bad or when they are sick, the ominous shadow of the mad Doctor Death and the horrors of Auschwitz will appear to them again. It was as if time had turned back and they were back in their 10th barracks.
Auschwitz, children in a camp liberated by the Red Army, 1945.
Auschwitz prisoners were released four months before the end of World War II. By that time there were few of them left. Almost one and a half million people died, most of them Jews. For several years, the investigation continued, which led to terrible discoveries: people not only died in gas chambers, but also became victims of Dr. Mengele, who used them as guinea pigs.
Auschwitz: the story of a city
A small Polish town in which more than a million innocent people were killed is called Auschwitz all over the world. We call it Auschwitz. Concentration camps, experiments on women and children, gas chambers, torture, executions - all these words have been associated with the name of the city for more than 70 years.
It will sound quite strange in Russian Ich lebe in Auschwitz - “I live in Auschwitz.” Is it possible to live in Auschwitz? They learned about the experiments on women in the concentration camp after the end of the war. Over the years, new facts have been discovered. One is scarier than the other. The truth about the camp called shocked the whole world. Research continues today. Many books have been written and many films have been made on this topic. Auschwitz has become our symbol of painful, difficult death.
Where did they take place? massacres children and terrible experiments were carried out on women? In Which city do millions of people on earth associate with the phrase “death factory”? Auschwitz.
Experiments on people were carried out in a camp located near the city, which today is home to 40 thousand people. It's calm locality with a good climate. Auschwitz for the first time in historical documents mentioned in the twelfth century. In the 13th century there were already so many Germans here that their language began to prevail over Polish. IN XVII century the city was captured by the Swedes. In 1918 it became Polish again. 20 years later, a camp was organized here, on the territory of which crimes took place, the likes of which humanity had never known.
Gas chamber or experiment
In the early forties, the answer to the question of where the Auschwitz concentration camp was located was known only to those who were doomed to death. Unless, of course, you take the SS men into account. Some prisoners, fortunately, survived. Later they talked about what happened within the walls of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Experiments on women and children, which were carried out by a man whose name terrified the prisoners, are a terrible truth that not everyone is ready to listen to.
The gas chamber is a terrible invention of the Nazis. But there are worse things. Krystyna Zywulska is one of the few who managed to leave Auschwitz alive. In her book of memoirs, she mentions an incident: a prisoner sentenced to death by Dr. Mengele does not go, but runs into the gas chamber. Because death is from poisonous gas not as terrible as the torment from the experiments of the same Mengele.
Creators of the "death factory"
So what is Auschwitz? This is a camp that was originally intended for political prisoners. The author of the idea is Erich Bach-Zalewski. This man had the rank of SS Gruppenführer, during the Second World War he led punitive operations. With him light hand Dozens were sentenced to death. He took an active part in suppressing the uprising that took place in Warsaw in 1944.
Assistants to the SS Gruppenführer found appropriate place in a small Polish town. There were already military barracks here, and in addition, there was a well-established railway connection. In 1940, a man named He arrived here. He will be hanged near the gas chambers by decision of the Polish court. But this will happen two years after the end of the war. And then, in 1940, Hess liked these places. He took on the new business with great enthusiasm.
Inhabitants of the concentration camp
This camp did not immediately become a “death factory”. At first, mostly Polish prisoners were sent here. Only a year after the organization of the camp, the tradition of drawing a prisoner on the hand appeared. serial number. Every month more and more Jews were brought. By the end of Auschwitz they made up 90% of total number prisoners. The number of SS men here also grew continuously. In total, the concentration camp received about six thousand overseers, punishers and other “specialists.” Many of them were put on trial. Some disappeared without a trace, including Joseph Mengele, whose experiments terrified prisoners for several years.
We will not give the exact number of Auschwitz victims here. Let's just say that more than two hundred children died in the camp. Most of them were sent to gas chambers. Some ended up in the hands of Josef Mengele. But this man was not the only one who conducted experiments on people. Another so-called doctor is Karl Clauberg.
Beginning in 1943, a huge number of prisoners were admitted to the camp. Most should have been destroyed. But the organizers of the concentration camp were practical people, and therefore decided to take advantage of the situation and use a certain part of the prisoners as material for research.
Karl Cauberg
This man supervised the experiments carried out on women. His victims were predominantly Jewish and Gypsy women. The experiments included organ removal, testing new drugs, and radiation. What kind of person is Karl Cauberg? Who is he? What kind of family did you grow up in, how was his life? And most importantly, where did the cruelty that goes beyond human understanding come from?
By the beginning of the war, Karl Cauberg was already 41 years old. In the twenties, he served as chief physician at the clinic at the University of Königsberg. Kaulberg was not a hereditary doctor. He was born into a family of artisans. Why he decided to connect his life with medicine is unknown. But there is evidence that he served as an infantryman in the First World War. Then he graduated from the University of Hamburg. Apparently, he was so fascinated by medicine that he military career he refused. But Kaulberg was not interested in healing, but in research. In the early forties, he began searching for the most practical way to sterilize women who were not of the Aryan race. To conduct experiments he was transferred to Auschwitz.
Kaulberg's experiments
The experiments consisted of introducing a special solution into the uterus, which led to serious disturbances. After the experiment reproductive organs retired and went to Berlin for further research. There is no data on exactly how many women became victims of this “scientist”. After the end of the war, he was captured, but soon, just seven years later, oddly enough, he was released under an agreement on the exchange of prisoners of war. Returning to Germany, Kaulberg did not suffer from remorse. On the contrary, he was proud of his “achievements in science.” As a result, he began to receive complaints from people who suffered from Nazism. He was arrested again in 1955. He spent even less time in prison this time. He died two years after his arrest.
Joseph Mengele
The prisoners nicknamed this man the “angel of death.” Josef Mengele personally met the trains with new prisoners and carried out the selection. Some were sent to gas chambers. Others go to work. He used others in his experiments. One of the Auschwitz prisoners described this man in the following way: "Tall, good-looking, looks like a movie actor." He never raised his voice and spoke politely - and this terrified the prisoners.
From the biography of the Angel of Death
Josef Mengele was the son of a German entrepreneur. After graduating from high school, he studied medicine and anthropology. In the early thirties he joined the Nazi organization, but soon left it for health reasons. In 1932, Mengele joined the SS. During the war he served in the medical forces and even received the Iron Cross for bravery, but was wounded and declared unfit for service. Mengele spent several months in the hospital. After recovery, he was sent to Auschwitz, where he began his scientific activities.
Selection
Selecting victims for experiments was Mengele's favorite pastime. The doctor only needed one glance at the prisoner to determine his state of health. He sent most of the prisoners to gas chambers. And only a few prisoners managed to delay death. It was hard with those whom Mengele saw as “guinea pigs.”
Most likely, this person suffered from an extreme form of mental disorder. He even enjoyed the thought that he had a huge amount of human lives. That is why he was always next to the arriving train. Even when this was not required of him. His criminal actions were driven not only by the desire for scientific research, but also by the desire to rule. Just one word from him was enough to send tens or hundreds of people to the gas chambers. Those that were sent to laboratories became material for experiments. But what was the purpose of these experiments?
Invincible faith in the Aryan utopia, explicit psychical deviations- these are the components of Joseph Mengele's personality. All his experiments were aimed at creating a new means that could stop the reproduction of representatives of unwanted peoples. Mengele not only equated himself with God, he placed himself above him.
Joseph Mengele's experiments
The Angel of Death dissected babies and castrated boys and men. He performed the operations without anesthesia. Experiments on women involved high-voltage electric shocks. He conducted these experiments to test endurance. Mengele once sterilized several Polish nuns through x-ray radiation. But the main passion of the “Doctor of Death” was experiments on twins and people with physical defects.
To each his own
On the gates of Auschwitz it was written: Arbeit macht frei, which means “work sets you free.” The words Jedem das Seine were also present here. Translated into Russian - “To each his own.” At the gates of Auschwitz, at the entrance to the camp in which more than a million people died, a saying of the ancient Greek sages appeared. The principle of justice was used by the SS as the motto of the most cruel idea in the entire history of mankind.
Josef Mengele went down in history as one of the symbols Nazi Reich. A neat parting, a perfectly ironed dark green uniform, an SS cap pulled to one side and boots polished to a shine. The main attribute of his image was gentle manners and a smile, but behind this mask there was something terrible hidden. This concentration camp doctor completely dispassionately controlled the destinies of people. It was he, with obvious pleasure, who met the trains with new prisoners arriving at the camp, and decided which of them would work, who would go to his experiments, and who would immediately go to the gas chamber. He always held a whip in his hand, but not to beat the prisoners passing him with it - he simply used it to indicate the direction in which they should go - “links oder rechts” - left or right...
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"Harmless" beginning
On June 28, 1933, Reich Minister of Internal Affairs of Germany Wilhelm Frick, speaking to expert advice on issues of racial policy, raised the issue of the dangers of low birth rates. He saw the reason that German women give birth less than is necessary for the prosperity and development of the state in the disastrous policies of democrats and liberals. Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler and head of the party chancellery Martin Bormann prepared new legislation on marriage and family. They proceeded from the fact that after the war three or four million German women will be left without husbands, but in the name of the interests of the state they will have to give birth. Borman considered it necessary to grant “decent, strong-willed, physically and mentally healthy men” the right to marry not one, but two women.
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Himmler proposed forcibly dissolving marriages in which there had been no children for five years: “All married or unmarried women, if they do not have four children, are obliged to give birth to these children before reaching the age of thirty-five from racially impeccable German men. Whether these men are married or not does not matter.” But not everyone was welcome german child. The sick and weak were treated as ballast. “If in Germany,” Hitler said frankly, “a million children were born every year, of which seven hundred to eight hundred thousand weak ones were immediately destroyed, then end result would strengthen the nation."
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Many agreed with this statement, as a result of which very quickly young, ambitious scientists and doctors were found who were simply eager to participate in major projects developed by the party apparatus. They perceived this kind of assignment as an opportunity to advance, prove themselves and climb the career ladder to unprecedented heights.
Dr. Mengele was a geneticist. He firmly believed that there were only two types of gifted people in the world: Germans and Jews. The only question is who will become supreme. Therefore, the idea was clear and understandable to him that the latter should be destroyed. In 1943, Mengele was appointed senior doctor in the women's barracks of the Auschwitz concentration camp, where his “colleagues” greeted him as a hero, and the prisoners soon nicknamed him the “Angel of Death.”
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Immediately upon arrival, Mengele demonstrated his professional “talent” and his serious intentions. Shortly before this, a typhus epidemic began in the camp. About a thousand Roma were affected by the disease. Without thinking twice, Josef decided that only extreme measures could save the rest of the prisoners from infection. Kneeling before him, women and children begged to spare them, but this did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks, after which they were taken to the gas chambers.
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This information is not for the faint of heart!
Mengel was omnipresent, and the range of his “scientific” interests was extremely wide. He began with work to “increase the fertility of Aryan women.” Naturally, non-Aryan women served as the material for research. Later manual Nazi Party put a new one in front of the doctor, straight the opposite problem: find the cheapest and effective methods birth restrictions for “subhumans” - Jews, Gypsies and Slavs. To develop the most effective and quick method, Mengel performed several hundred operations. There was no talk of any anesthesia. Having mutilated tens of thousands of men and women, including a group of Polish nuns, he came to the conclusion that the most reliable way avoiding conception is sterilization.
All prisoners who miraculously survived the brutal experiments were immediately burned. Once, when the crematorium was overcrowded, Mengele ordered to dig a large pit, fill it with gasoline and set it on fire. The living and the dead, adults, children and infants, were thrown into the pit and burned under his personal supervision.
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And the “research” continued to take its course. The Wehrmacht ordered a topic: to find out everything about the effects of cold (hypothermia) on a soldier’s body. The experimental technique was very simple: a concentration camp prisoner was covered with ice on all sides, and “doctors” in SS uniform constantly measured his body temperature. When a test subject died, a new one was brought from the barracks. Conclusion: after the body has cooled below 30 degrees, it is most likely impossible to save a person. The best remedy for warming up - a hot bath and “natural heat” female body».
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Luftwaffe – air Force Germany, commissioned research on the topic: the influence of high altitude on the performance of a pilot. A pressure chamber was built in Auschwitz. Thousands of prisoners were taken terrible death- at ultra-low pressure the person simply burst. Conclusion: it is necessary to build aircraft with a pressurized cabin. By the way, not a single one of these aircraft took off in Germany until the very end of the war.
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On his own initiative, Joseph Mengele, who became interested in racial theory, conducted experiments with eye color. For some reason he needed to prove in practice that Brown eyes Jews under no circumstances can become blue eyes" true Aryan" Then he began injecting hundreds of Jews with blue dye into the eyeball, which was extremely painful and often led to blindness. Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele's monstrous experiments. He often researched the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on human body, but him main goal there has always been a desire to reveal secrets genetic engineering and develop methods to destroy the carriers of the "inferior" genes in the human population in order to create a superior Germanic race. Mengele saw one of the ways to increase the birth rate by artificially increasing the number of twins and triplets, so he was most interested in research on twins.
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Mengele reserved a special barracks for them, as well as for dwarfs, freaks and other “exotic individuals.” In general, Joseph was particularly interested in exceptional cases. He took great care to ensure that his beloved subjects, the so-called “Children of Mengele,” did not die. To support their health good condition, he protected them from beatings and forced labor. However, Mengele was not guided by humanistic motives, but only by his desire to keep these “individuals” healthy for further experiments, which were the most perverted and cruel. When it came to inventing torture for victims, Mengele's imagination knew no bounds.
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Preliminary examinations of the twin children were quite routine. They were questioned, measured and weighed. However, as soon as they fell into the hands of Mengele, everything changed. Before starting the experiments, the “kind” Doctor Mengele usually patted the child on the head and treated him to chocolate. He took blood samples from them daily and sent them to Professor Verschuer in Berlin. He injected blood from one twin into another (often even from a different pair) and recorded the results. Usually it was a fever, severe headache which lasted several days, and other inflammatory symptoms. Young children were placed in isolated cages and given various stimulants to test their response. Some were spayed or neutered. Others had organs and body parts removed, also without anesthesia, or were injected with infectious agents to see how quickly they would cause disease. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out.
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One day Mengele noticed two twin brothers, one of whom sang wonderfully, and the other did not have such a voice. Mengele cut them both vocal cords to understand what their differences are. He once led an operation in which two gypsy children were sewn together to artificially create Siamese twins. Of the three thousand young twins, only two hundred survived. However, the “famous” doctor of Auschwitz dealt not only with applied research. Concentration camp prisoners were deliberately infected various diseases to test the effectiveness of new drugs on them. Mengele transplanted animal organs into people and then documented the painful death during rejection.
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You can't get away from yourself
At the end of 1944, Mengele began to realize that the war was lost. His “work spirit” noticeably worsened. January 17, 1945, amid the roar of advancing artillery Soviet army, ten days before Auschwitz was entered soviet soldiers, he, having destroyed all the documents and changed the uniform of an SS officer to the jacket of a Wehrmacht officer, fled to the west along with the retreating units.
In April 1945, Mengele was detained American soldiers. Josef was saved from justice only by the fact that he did not have the usual tattoo for SS men (they had their blood type applied under their armpits). At one time, he managed to convince his superiors that there was no point in a tattoo - they say, professional doctor in any case, he will do a basic blood test before starting the transfusion. However, his wife said that Mengele simply did not want to spoil his smooth skin with a tattoo. Thus, Mengele’s identity could not be established, and he was released. He decided to flee to Latin America. The wife, who by that time already had another man, refused to follow him. And Mengele left alone. Rich relatives gave him money and helped him get false documents. He moved to Argentina.
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During the famous Nuremberg trials Mengele was not included in the list of twenty-three doctors accused of conducting inhumane experiments on thousands of prisoners. Fifteen of them were found guilty: seven faced execution, eight were held long years behind bars, and Josef Mengele lived free...
In May 1960, when an Israeli intelligence task force captured Adolf Eichmann, number one on the Nazi list, in Argentina, a frightened Mengele fled to Paraguay. From there he fled to Brazil, where, according to some sources, he continued to conduct experiments on people. Perhaps it is because of this that in one of the Brazilian towns, called Candido Godoy, an unprecedented number of twins, often blond and blue-eyed, are born to this day. Locals It was said that in the 1960s, a mysterious doctor appeared in the city who called himself Rudolf Weiss. He treated livestock and people, and also performed artificial insemination.
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IN various countries The percentage of twins born varies, but on average, the chance of their birth is one in eighty, while in Candido Godoy every fifth pregnant woman gives birth to twins. There are suggestions that the city may once have served as a “laboratory” where Mengele was finally able to fulfill his dreams of creating a “super race of blond, blue-eyed Aryans.” After all, for many years Doctor Death hid from the national intelligence services here, leading a secluded, reclusive lifestyle. As a result, he managed to avoid the “earthly judgment”.
Mengele died accidentally. In 1979, while swimming in the ocean, he suffered a stroke, as a result of which he drowned. The fascist was buried under a false name in the cemetery of the town of Embuba near Sao Paulo. In June 1985, Brazilian police received permission to examine the remains. Research has confirmed that they indeed belong to the most ruthless fanatic doctor of Auschwitz, Josef Mengele...
The first concentration camp in Germany was opened in 1933. The last one working was captured Soviet troops in 1945. Between these two dates there are millions of tortured prisoners who died from backbreaking work, strangled in gas chambers, shot by the SS. And those who died from “medical experiments.” No one knows exactly how many of these last ones there were. Hundreds of thousands. Inhumane experiments on people in Nazi concentration camps are also history, the history of medicine. Its darkest, but no less interesting page...
Josef Mengele, the most famous of the Nazi doctor-criminals, was born in Bavaria in 1911. Studied philosophy at University of Munich and medicine in Frankfurt. In 1934 he joined the SA and became a member of the National Socialist Party, and in 1937 he joined the SS. He worked at the Institute of Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene. Dissertation topic: "Morphological studies of the structure lower jaw representatives of four races."
After the outbreak of World War II, he served as a military doctor in the SS Viking division in France, Poland and Russia. In 1942 he received iron Cross for saving two tank crews from a burning tank. After being wounded, SS-Hauptsturmführer Mengele was declared unfit for combat service and in 1943 was appointed chief physician of the Auschwitz concentration camp. The prisoners soon nicknamed him "the angel of death."
Dr. Mengele had to answer the question: how to increase the reproductive capacity of the German people so that it meets the needs of the planned large-scale settlement of the occupied regions of the countries by Germans of Eastern Europe. His focus was on the problem of twins, as well as the physiology and pathology of dwarfism. The experiments were carried out on monozygotic twins, mainly children, dwarfs and persons with congenital disabilities. They were looking for such people among those arriving at the camp.
Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele’s monstrous experiments. Just look at the research on the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on the human body! And the “study” of 3 thousand young twins, of which only 200 survived! The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out. Before starting the experiments, good doctor Mengele could pat a child on the head, treat him with chocolate...
The twins had blood transfused from one to the other and X-rays were taken of them. The second stage covered comparative analysis internal organs, which was performed during the autopsy. Such an analysis would be difficult to carry out in normal conditions due to the low probability of both twins dying at the same time. In the camp, comparative analysis of twins was carried out hundreds of times. For this purpose, Dr. Mengele killed them with phenol injections. He once led an operation in which two gypsy boys were sewn together to create Siamese twins. The children's hands were severely infected at the sites of resection of blood vessels. Mengele usually cut off part of the liver or other vital parts without any anesthesia. important organs Jewish children and killed them with monstrous blows to the head, if there was a need for the recently deceased “guinea pig.” He injected chloroform into the hearts of many children, and he infected his other subjects with typhus. Mengele injected into the ovaries of many women pathogenic bacteria. Some twins with different eye colors had colorants injected into their eye sockets and pupils to change their eye color and explore the possibility of producing Aryan twins with blue eyes. In the end, the children were left with granular clumps instead of eyes.
The Wehrmacht ordered a topic: to find out everything about the effects of cold on a soldier’s body (hypothermia). The experimental methodology was the most simple: a concentration camp prisoner is taken, covered on all sides with ice, “doctors” in SS uniforms constantly measure body temperature... When a test subject dies, a new one is brought from the barracks. Conclusion: after the body has cooled below 30 degrees, it is most likely impossible to save a person. The best way to warm up is a hot bath and the “natural warmth of the female body.”
In 1945, Josef Mengele carefully destroyed all the collected “data” and escaped from Auschwitz. Until 1949, Mengele worked quietly in his native Günzburg at his father’s company. Then, using new documents in the name of Helmut Gregor, he emigrated to Argentina. He received his passport quite legally, through... the Red Cross. In those years, this organization provided charity, issued passports and travel documents to tens of thousands of refugees from Germany. Perhaps Mengele's fake ID simply could not be thoroughly checked. Moreover, the art of forging documents in the Third Reich reached unprecedented heights.
One way or another, Mengele ended up in South America. In the early 50s, when Interpol issued a warrant for his arrest (with the right to kill him upon arrest), Iyozef moved to Paraguay. However, all this was rather a sham, a game of catching Nazis. Still with the same passport in the name of Gregor, Joseph Mengele repeatedly visited Europe, where his wife and son remained. The Swiss police watched his every move - and did nothing.
The terrible experiments on people by Josef Mengele, the “Angel of Death of Auschwitz,” did not end after his flight to South America. His dream came true. Published A new book Argentine historian Jorge Camaraza's Mengele: Angel of Death in South America argues that Joseph Mengele's experiences did not end after he fled to South America after his defeat Nazi Germany in World War II. There is evidence that the “Angel of Death of Auschwitz” continued his terrible experiments in Brazil, in a small town that later received the nickname “City of Twins.”
Josef Mengele managed a lot in his life: live a happy childhood, get excellent education at the university, do happy family, raise children, experience the taste of war and front-line life, work out" scientific research", many of which were important for modern medicine, since vaccines against various diseases have been developed, and many other useful experiments have been carried out, which in democratic state would not have been possible to carry out (in fact, the crimes of Mengele, like many of his colleagues, made a huge contribution to medicine), finally, being already on the run, Joseph received a relaxing holiday on the sandy shores of Latin America. Already on this well-deserved rest, Mengele was more than once forced to remember his past deeds - he more than once read articles in newspapers about his search, about the fee of 50,000 American dollars assigned for providing information about his whereabouts, about his atrocities against prisoners. Reading these articles, Joseph Mengele could not hide his sarcastic, sad smile, for which he was remembered by many of his victims - after all, he was in plain sight, swimming on public beaches, conducting active correspondence, visiting entertainment venues. And he could not understand the accusations of committing atrocities - he always looked at his experimental subjects only as material for experiments. He saw no difference between the experiments he carried out on beetles at school and those he carried out in Auschwitz.
He lived in Brazil until February 7, 1979, when he suffered a stroke while swimming in the sea, causing him to drown.