237. Remember the rule for writing complex words together and with a hyphen (p. 29). Using this rule, explain the spelling of these adjectives.
Magazine-newspaper, yellow-blue, railway, southwestern, ten-story, Alma-Ata, bitter-salty, machine-building.
238. Write down complex adjectives in two columns: in the first, write down those that are formed from a combination of words subordinate to one another; in the second - those that are formed from two words independent of each other. Emphasize the connecting vowels.
Factory - factory, social - political, pulp - paper, chess - checkers, ancient..ru..kiy, Russian - French, oil..bulk, left..bank, agricultural..farm-
national, science fiction, Western..European, yellow - red.
239 .Form complex adjectives from these combinations of words.
Repair of wagons – wagon repair; white and pink; drought resistant; south and east;
cotton harvesting, Western Ukraine; trade and industry; gardens and vegetable gardens, build machines.
240. Write it down, indicating the spelling “combined and separate spelling of complex adjectives”
1. From Moscow they brought me a (small) large (feather) knife... with a bone handle. 2. The leaves of the willow tree spread their (bright) green leaves to the sun. 3. In the mountains you will come across, perhaps, (small) large herds of (light)-legged chamois and (blood) greedy eagles. 4. The builders are planning to give the youth a (training) gymnastics town. 5.Right up to the horizon, the steppe was dotted with (dark) red, (pale) blue and (golden) orange heads of half-colored flowers.
47. Not with nouns(repetition) and adjectives
241 .І. Remember the rule about spelling Not with nouns (page 42) Give examples. ІІ. Write it off
offers. Match the spellings not with nouns and adjectives : same or different
Are these parts of speech subject to rules?
It is not the strong who are dangerous, but the vengeful. An unfaithful friend is a dangerous enemy. Sloppy work is worse than idleness. Good glory is hateful to evil.
242. First write down phrases in which adjectives with Not are written separately. Write down the remaining phrases in the 2nd group, selecting synonyms for adjectives without Not.
(Un)happy incident; (not) joyful, but a sad event; (not) personal, but industrial interests; (un)cultured person; (not) high fence; (not) high, but low bank; (not) rich collection; (not) serious attitude; (not) serious, but a cheerful face: (not) ancient, but modern art.
243 .For these adjectives, select synonyms with Not according to the example: heavy - not easy.
Sad, frivolous, fearful, truthful, cool, rude, small, dim
244 .Make sentences containing the words: inexpensive, not expensive, kindly, not evil.
48. Letters oh, oh after the hissing and ts in suffixes and endings
nouns and adjectives(repetition)
245. Read the word combinations and remember the conditions for choosing the spelling pattern you are studying (p. 24)
towels e m ball O m
peas e To bunny O nok
plush e V brocade O V th
246. Write down, replacing these phrases with the phrases “adjective + noun”. Label the spelling you are studying.
Calico handkerchief, walrus tusks, watchman's box, arctic fox collar, canvas bag, suede shoes, speech skills, qualities of a fighter, slate deposits, glossy paper.
247 .Copy down the text, insert the missing letters, indicate the spelling pattern being studied. Make an outline of the last sentence and explain the punctuation marks.
The garden is flooded with dazzling sun..m. Under its rays, outfits of all colors are (un)usually bright: red poppies, orange tulips, and yellow daisies. Large drops of river tremble on the silken leaves of the grass.
It’s still early, but the gardener and the watchman are already on their feet. They walk around one of the sections of the large collective farm garden, admiring the heavy, juicy apples and large gooseberries.
It’s quiet in the garden. You can hear the slightest rustling noises: the rustling of leaves, the murmur of water in the g..forehead, and the buzzing of bees in the bushes.
49. One and two letters n in adjectives
248 .Form adjectives from these nouns using the suffixes indicated in the table.
Spring, sleep, straw, triumph, iron, fatherland, excursion, stone, leather, silver, diamond, state.
249 .Copy the text by inserting the missing letters and opening the brackets. Identify the suffixes of adjectives and explain their spelling.
Matryoshka is a wooden doll. She portrays a peasant woman
girl. Several smaller nesting dolls are placed inside the nesting dolls.
A matryoshka doll in a scarlet shawl stood on the desk. She was thick
covered with varnish and a white glass like glass. Hidden in it were five more nesting dolls in different colored shawls. The village craftsman filled the nesting dolls with russian beauty, sable eyebrows and a bright blush. He covered his blue eyes with long eyelashes.
(According to K. Paustovsky)
250 .Insert the appropriate word in place of the blanks wind or windy.
1. It was... the weather. 2.In autumn... the days are frequent. 3.Today... morning. 4. It was... a young man. 5.On the edge of the village there was... a mill.
Reference: wind- driven by wind power; windy- with the wind, figurative meaning - a frivolous, empty person.
251 .Insert in place of the blanks n or nn. Explain the meaning of the highlighted proverbs.
1.A true friend is known in need. 2. The old proverb is not in passing. 3. Consent is better than stone walls. 4. The voice of a nightingale, and the claw of a hawk. 5. The mice will shed tears for the cat 6. Oatmeal porridge praises itself, but buckwheat porridge is praised by people. 7. A friend is a treasure, no one is happy with an enemy. 8. You can recognize a windy person even in calm weather.
252 .Guess the riddles. First write down adjectives with one and then two letters n. Label the suffixes and explain their spelling.
1. I have two horses, two horses. They carry me along the water. And the water is hard, like a rock. 2. In a (n, nn) country, a steamer floats along a sheet river, back and forth. And behind it there is such a smooth surface - not a wrinkle can be seen. 3. There is a bag of ice hanging outside the window (n, nn) oh. It is full of drops and smells like spring. 4. Wooden road, it goes up gently. Every step, it’s a ravine. 5. Between trees (n, nn), fields of glass (n, nn).
253. Read the words given in the table. Are they entered correctly? Copy, opening parentheses and making necessary corrections. Mark the spelling “N and nn in adjectives”
254 .Write down the word combinations in pairs. Explain the difference in their spelling. Correctly label the spelling pattern being studied. Make sentences using one pair of phrases.
The deep path is the flight of a pigeon; the card room is a duck's nose; a mouse's rumble - a mouse's squeak; a pen knife - a rook whistle; An invisible man is an owl's nest.
50. Distinguishing in writing the suffixes of adjectives –k- and –sk-
255. Read aloud pairs of words, comparing their pronunciation: is it possible to determine by the sound of the word what suffix it contains - -To or –sk? What phonetic phenomenon is observed here? Does pronunciation of adjectives help to distinguish between the suffixes –k and – in writing? sk?
Near To y – Kyrgyz sk yay, dare To yi - sailor sk yay, bottom To ii – Caucasus sk yay, German To ii – Tibet sk yy.
256. Form adjectives from these nouns. Label the spelling.
Circassian, Belarusian, Frenchman, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Eskimo, council, deputy, neighbor, blacksmith, farmhand, Canada, Scotland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Kamchatka, Tibet, Egypt.
257. Form given nouns using a suffix -sk- single root adjectives.
· Remember that when adding a suffix –sk- to nouns with – no And -ry letter b not written. The exception is adjectives formed from the names of the months - ny, -ry, except January rsk yy.
Bogatyr, November, Kazan, monastery, Ryazan, January, secretary, knight, April, village, July.
258 .Translate the words into Russian and write them down.
Poltava, Lviv, Volyn, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Estonian, Polish, Rumanian, American, Brazilian, Mexican.
259 .Copy it down, adding the missing punctuation marks. Label the spelling you are studying.
1. Near...they became distant distances. 2.Lermontov will live among the people longer than the Caucasus...their mountains! 3. The fleet rose high to the sky... its flag. 4. In the valley, behind the lake, on the other side, a fishing fire is burning. 5. The Volga side is noisy in the evening. 6. The soldiers walked along the streets of the city...their.
Test questions and assignments
1.Tell me about the meaning, morphological features and syntactic role of adjectives
2. In the text of what types and styles of speech are adjectives most often used and what are they used for?
3.What adjectives are called qualitative, relative, possessive. Give examples.
4.Tell us about degrees of comparison of adjectives and their formation.
5. How are adjectives formed? Give examples of adjectives formed
a) using attachments; b) using suffixes; c) addition.
6.Talk about spelling NOT with adjectives and nouns.
7.Tell me about the spelling of adjective suffixes.
260 .Read the text and title it. Copy by inserting missing letters and adding missing punctuation marks. Perform a morphological analysis of the highlighted words.
Yesterday we had an excursion to one of the halls of the regional museum.
First we examined the old... clay... jugs, pots, pots wooden bowls ladles glasses.
Then the guide told us in great detail about the firearms, Streltsy Berdysh, hunting rifle, Turkish rifle, and Russian rifle.
We looked with interest at the bladed weapons, the naval dagger, the cavalry dagger and the sailors' broadswords. officer's sabers, silver sword.
A13. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter N? There are inaccessible rocks on all sides, surrounded by (1)green ivy, yellow cliffs, streaked (2) with gullies, and below Aragva, embracing another nameless (3) river, stretches like a silver (4) thread and sparkles.
1)1 2)1,2 3)3,4 4)4
A14. In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root being tested missing?
1) near...z, follow..., flicker
2) sprinkled...moulded, spread, b...chevka
3) late...delay, check...station, to...sew
4) ep...demic, d...directive, emergency
A15. In which row is the same letter missing in all words?
1) in...to feed, to...draw, be...sized
2) pr...front-line, pr...attractive, pr...stupid
4) with...again, super...interesting, inactivity
A16. In which row in both words is the letter I written in place of the gap?
1) decorate...your house, which can be heard from afar
2) will not part with friends, bought in a store
3) admiring the sunrise, weighing...my goods
4) meet...tomorrow, independent...expertise
A17. Which answer option contains all the words correctly, where about
is the letter E left out?
A. Confused B. Overnight
B. Boy G. Snow...k
1) A, B 2) B, C, D 3) B, C 4) A, D
AI8. In which sentence is NOT written separately with the word?
1) Taras Bulba was (in)probably stubborn.
2) Occasionally, young oak trees with (not) fallen leaves appear.
3) The power of the road is (irresistible), calming, and healing.
4) The (un)closed window in the hall brought in the sweet freshness of greenery.
A19. In which sentence are both highlighted words written together?
1) IN SOMEWHERE, bushes peeked out FROM (UNDER) the snow.
2) There was no longer a strong smell in the air, dampness was spreading in it (C) NOW as if (TO).
3) Every time I went down to the meadow, I seemed to be back in my distant childhood.
The snow glowed with a ruddy shine so cheerfully, so brightly that it seemed
1) HERE (WOULD) and stayed to live (FOR)EVER.
A20. Indicate the correct explanation for the placement of a comma or its absence in the sentence: The forest drowned the banks () and only the river, lonely and free, splashed and splashed with its cold waves under its canopy.
1) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction. And a comma is not needed.
2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.
3) Complex sentence, before the conjunction And there is no need for a comma.
4) Complex sentence, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.
A21. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in place?
Which sentences should have commas?
Centenary reddish trunks of mast pines (1), proudly standing out among the diverse forest thickets (2), smoothly rose higher and higher (3) rising with green crowns (4) to the blue sky.
1)1,2 2)2,4 3)1.2,3 4)1,3,4
A22. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences?
In the era of Kievan Rus, prose and poetry were not yet so (1) obvious (2)divided, as in modern times. The artist (3) obviously (4) had to spendIt takes a lot of time and labor to paint such a picture.
1)1,2 2)3,4 3)1,2,3,4 4)1,2,4
A23. Specify the sentence in which you want to put one comma. (There are no punctuation marks.)
1) A fine mushroom rain sleepily falls from the low clouds and barely noticeably fidgets in the bushes.
2) The sea reflected the lights of the lanterns and was dotted with a mass of yellow spots.
3) The Old Russian writer sought not only to entertain the reader but also to bring “benefit to his soul.”
4) Noisy and amicably singing streams washed away the winter gray scum from the ground and exposed last year’s grasses.
A24. How to explain the placement of the colon in this sentence?
Black water has an excellent reflection property: it is difficult to distinguish real shores from reflected ones, real thickets from their reflection in the water.
1) The second part of a non-union complex sentence is contrasted with the first.
2) The second part of a non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.
3) The generalizing word comes before homogeneous members of the sentence.
4) The second part of a non-union complex sentence explains and reveals the content of what is said in the first part.
A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
In the 80s of the nineteenth century, Shishkin (1) created many paintings (2) in the subjects (3) of which (4) he still turned to the life of the Russian forest, Russian meadows and fields.
1)1,2 2)2 3)1,3 4)1,2,3,4
A26. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
Lucy was gently persistent (1) and (2) although it was difficult to remember everything (3) gradually the old woman told (4) how it was.
1)1,2,4 2)1,2,3,4 3)1,4 4)2,3,4
A1. In which row in both words is the letter I written in place of the gap?□ 1) from the departed tram..m
□ 2) from an overgrown apple tree..
□ 3) had an argument with a friend
□ 4) about the disappeared tribes...
A2. In which row in both words is the letter E written in place of the gap?
□ 1) supplied..my, roll-out..in
□ 2) refilled..my, completed..on
□ 3) independent, burnt..in
□ 4) view..my, shifted..to
A3. In which row in both words is the letter A (Z) written in place of the gap?
□ 1) kind...of, perhaps...on
□ 2) forgiven, casual
□ 3) spent.., used..
□ 4) adhesive, rolling
A4. In which sentence is one letter N written in place of the gap?
□ 1) She behaves well, is smart, confident..a.
□ 2) A cobbled stone street led to the square.
□ 3) This is quite a risky business.
□ 4) From the helicopter a broken line of the coast was visible.
A5. Which sentence is NOT written together with both words?
□ 1) Among the (un)answered calls, I found an (un)familiar number.
□ 2) (If you don’t) break eggs, you (don’t) cook scrambled eggs.
□ 3) If you (don’t) let me cheat, are you acting (un)comradely?
□ 4) Never (do) work (carelessly).
A6. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NI is written?
I myself (1) where (2) I write, letters (3) from (4) I wait, and I think that they will come from (5) where.
□ 1)1, 5
□ 2) 1, 3, 5
□ 3) 1, 3
□ 4) 2, 3, 4
A7. In which sentence are both highlighted words written together?
□ 1) (WHAT) SHOULD I do, (WHAT) WOULD we make peace?
□ 2) (DURING)DURING the day it is expected to rain, and (ALSO)to increase the air temperature.
□ 3) (EXACTLY) IN (EXACTLY) like last time we got into a traffic jam and moved (BARELY) BARELY.
□ 4) When crossing the road, (C)START look (TO)LEFT.
A8. In which word is the letter O written in place of the gap?
□ 1) askew..
□ 2) factory
□ 3) with..dash
□ 4) reference..
A9. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?
□ 1) rust
□ 2) scooped
□ 3) to dryness
□ 4) means
A10. In what example is the speech norm not violated?
□ 1) smiling faces
□ 2) upon expiration of the term
□ 3) more expensive
□ 4) shows skill
A11. Which sentence has punctuation incorrectly?
□ 1) Dried herbs, flower corollas and leaves that had not lost their natural color hung on the walls under glass.
□ 2) “They write vaguely about what they vaguely imagine,” wrote M.V. Lomonosov.
□ 3) The car, having driven hard onto an uncompacted section of the road, skidded in a loose snowdrift.
□ 4) The door opened by itself and dampness wafted from the hut.
Read the text and complete tasks B1-B6 and C1.
(1) Bunin admitted that he had never felt so wonderful as in those moments when he had a long journey ahead of him. (2) Looking from the carriage window at the shadow of the locomotive smoke melting in the transparent air, Bunin said: (3) “What a joy it is to exist! (4) Only to see, at least to see only this smoke and this light. (5) If I had no arms and legs and I could only sit on a bench and look at the setting sun, then I would be happy with it. (6) One thing is needed - just to see and breathe..."
IN 1. From sentence (1) write out the negative adverb.
AT 2. In sentence (2), find the participle and indicate its type.
AT 3. From sentence (2), write out the participle and indicate its tense.
AT 4. Indicate the part of speech to which the word “which” from sentence (3) refers.
AT 5. From sentence (4) write down the particle(s).
AT 6. From sentence (5) write down the conjunction(s).
A) in which answer option are all numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which two letters N are written?This is the only (1) city in Europe in which the earth (2) rampart still exists, along which wooden (3) fortifications with stone (4) towers once ran.
1)1,2,3,4 ; 2) 1,3 ;3)1,3,4; 4)2,3.
B) In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root being tested missing?
1)f..smin,ab..tourist,burn
2) so..interpret, exhort, sanctify.
3) aks..oma, v..quizz, ind..vid.
4) or..ginal, bullet..shadow, cover..lay.
Q) In which row is the same letter missing in all words?
1) pr..attractive, pr..passionate, passionate.
2) in..nourishment, in..praise, and..follow.
3) and..spoil, without..land, in..high.
4) without..interesting, inter..institutional, pre..infarction.
D) in which row in both words is the letter Y written in place of the gap?
1) arrival..t, manager..
2) oblique...t, threatening
3) turning on..t, opening..
4) the devil..t.saw..sh.
D) which answer option correctly indicates all the words in which the letter E is missing?
1)pull out 3)snake...chat
2) day..to 4) endure..to
A)1.4
B)2.4
B)1,2
D)1,3,4
2. In what case is the letter C written at the place of the gap? a) un...pitying b) equal...to crown c) un...ceremonious d) un...tasty
3. In which word is the letter I written? a) pr...satiation b) pr...neglect c) pr...spinning d) unpretentious...unwanting
4. In which word is the letter E written? a) inconspicuous b) concealment c) confession d) pretend to be sick
5. In which word is b written? a) present b) integral c) s...saved d) p...pedestal
6. Which word does not contain b? a) inter...tier b) trans...European c) trilingual d) with...save
7. In which word is I written after the prefix? a) sum...to summarize b) just...to say c) not without...interesting d) over...inventive
8. In which word is Y written after the prefix? a) disinfection b) trans...ran c) unknown...d) regional...inspection
1. In which word are two letters NN written in place of the gap?1) early young soldier 3) oatmeal cookies
2) the core is crushed...about 4) a horseshoe...horse
2. In which word are two letters НН written in place of the gap?
1) a napkin woven with silk 3) a smart boy
2) linen napkin 4) windows open
3. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers, in the place of which two letters НН are written?
The cafe has a wide assortment: various types of coffee, layered (1) butter (2) cream cakes, glazed (3) fruits, cocktails.
1) 3 2) 1, 3 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2
4. In which row in all words is one letter N written in place of the gap?
1) unexpectedly...oh, decided...a
2) cal...th, rooster...th
3) yes...th, weak...th
Letter combinations chk, chn, nch, rshch, cht, schn, nsch
Written without a soft sign
1. Words for spelling analysis and for commentary writing.
Christmas tree, daughter, barrel, pike, squirrel, arrow, match, pen, bud, bird, little thing, joke, minute, parcel, joke, stove, lowercase, personal, stocking, eternal, candle, boring, comic, sheep, heartfelt, oncoming, familiar, brooch, cloud, socks, tiny, line, rose, river, sonorous, bun, night, petty, milky, vase, night, bakery, successful, fox, flowers, cucumber, country, mushrooms, boat, dacha, cream, mustard, pack, milk, egg, rag, fairy tale, thread, duck, night light, handkerchiefs, butterfly, flour, granddaughter, egg, bottle, boat, sand, creamy, oven, fabulous, mustard, juicy, key, eternal, rag, bench, sunny, sister, titmouse, pigtail, blacksmith, mysterious, note, month, final, habit, sick leave, toy, cannon, frying pan, bench, glasses, capital, shoe, blueberry, border guard, blackberry, gall, porch, brick, thorn, excellent, wall, parcel, rubber band, button, cloudy, puck, cheek, pharmacy, greenhouse, strawberry, artistic, festive, laces, lingonberry, tiny, electric train, gingerbread, fist, chewing gum, buckwheat, swallow, street, flower girl, napkin, wheelbarrow, pheasant, cup, buffalo, ice cream man, mail, cabbage, suitcase, chick, lamplighter, caftan, powerful, vegetable, chestnut, tangerine, reader, sarafan, predator, dreamer, lemon, picker, furniture maker, greengrocer, dream, cockroach, tinsmith, mast, pen, donut, overseer, mastman, welder, postman, monstrous, orange, appraiser. Reading, predatory, drummer, racer, read, housing, predator, power, organ grinder, volcano, buoy, bath attendant, concrete worker, bar, instigator, harpooner.
2. Write it down, inserting the spellings CHK, CHN, SHCHN, NC.
Ru...no, pe...a, bre...at, vnu...a. hee...hic, but...a, pte...ik, babo...a, then...y, kame...ik.
3. Change the highlighted words so that the combination CHK appears in them.
Feed squirrel. Drink milk. Kind heart. Beautiful candle. Draw dog. Catch pike.
4. Change the words so that they contain the combination CHK, CHN,
Milk, egg, luck, tit, sound, flowers, fox, socks, castle.
Unstressed vowels
If the letter is a vowel
Raised doubts
You her immediately
Put it under emphasis.
1. Grammar fairy tale.
Enchanted letters.
Once upon a time, an evil wizard flew to the beautiful country of Alphabet Studies. Vowel letters came out to meet him. He bewitched them. So much so that they became similar to each other.
The letter O began to resemble A, E and I, A to O, and E. the sorcerer disappeared, and the greatest confusion began in the country. Only a good Accent could help the letters. It was enough for him to strike the vowel letter with his hands, and the deceptive magic mask immediately flew off, and the letter became itself. The letter under the Accent is clear and understandable. It's called the Shock Vowel. But those vowels that have not yet been touched by stress are called Unstressed Vowels. They are still enchanted and waiting in the wings. You guys could help them. Remember the magic words: Stressing a vowel can make a letter clear.
2. Words for spelling analysis and for commentary writing
To check the unstressed vowel in the root of a word, you need to choose a word with the same root or change the form of the word so that the stress falls on this vowel.
Jam, cubs, swing, long ago, starlings, eye, mountain, blackbirds, gift, border, miner, far, leg, rainy, debtor, home, daughter, heat, golden, coil, kid, watch, give, fall, flood, evaporate, stable, steam room, shepherd, timid, feline, weed, rabbit, novelty, little nose, fertile, say, night light, birdhouse, sharpen, manage, postman, parents, gardener, look, greenhouse, rocky, spring, old man, hiding place, salt shaker, dining room, lump, trail, beavers, structure, dance, pine, smell, blade of grass, praise, ferret, reed, choir,
dam, brave man, firecracker, charm, palisade, walk, guardhouse, solid, exit, asked, fell, rocky, pinned, needles, drowned, guarded, board, hair, correcting, horse, hidden, lakes, country, ants, busy, cook, fills, roll, call, odorous, skates, playground, cashier, leader, bark, icon, have pity, saves, beauty, tinkering, overwhelmed, thorns, stands, sick, dragged, dried up, heat, drown, furry, blush, field, plowed, humps, salvation, silent, guessed, perches, grieve, wolf cubs, reeds, broke, dragged, swing, moles, villain, distant, action movie, imprisoned, dug up, horse, skating rink, caressed, pantry, kindness, subsides, plant, little house, mower, disease, cold, litter, crown, midges, watchmaker, busy, feeding trough, fair, sorceress, tails, carpet. Big, sat down, doctors, it's time, sing, goat, horses, grabbed hold of, little waves, prickly, lumps, resin, small, head, seemed, kids, give, scarves, clearing, rooks, pillars, slide, crawled, dew, courtyards, crane, school, sentry, brewed, hungry, wander, fell silent, seas, treated, dear, steamer, words, catch, caress, rinse, spread, pugnacious, owl, grass, seemed, happy, seine, want, stilts, herbal, become obsolete, hills, belt, sheepskin, spend the night, crumble, vest, call.
E, I, I
Mushroom, spring, lake, ice, sister, forest, squirrels, affairs, animals, number, nest, swifts, arrow, colored, candle, meat, wide, kids, sew up, read, handwriting, cleanliness, chain, evaluate, earth, mirror, circus performer, crackling, warm, attached, central, flower garden, pulled, heavy, sitting, shock, blue, chattering, silence, current, drinking, crowdedness, private, endure, glass, bullfinch, watch, twirl, poisonous, glacier, leaf fall, heart, scream, peck, hibernate, greens, whistler, repair, lying down, strongman, pork, brighten, drill, move, belt, offend, nickel, illuminate, ruler, earthly, wife, flew around, eloquent, frolic, cut, spotted, dozed off, bee-like, straighten, looked, menagerie, sculpted, river, dance, broad-shouldered, writer, singer, matures, lowland, hurry, leaf fall, dress up, trust, hum, feather, loneliness, root, world, necessarily, snake, knitting, locker room, honey, medicine, fly away, lose, forester, excuse, offend, five, ten, endurance, discern, nest, pest, times, siskins, twirl, day, met, squealed, hang, ridge, little thing, evening, notify, crackling, lazy, branchy, top, trust, insect, amuse, freckles, knitting, starfall, illuminated, hammer, whiten, pig, wrote, held, daredevil, tie, lies, cherry, lazy, maple, creaked, thinned, icy, brought out, roar, dirty, protect, explained, read, leaves, yolk, chew, live, freezes, arrives, wall, worm, creaky, ripples, heavy, violinist, poured, looks out, river, drank, snow, bumblebees, foliage, approaching, cut, bruise, shady, residential, amazing, appeared, changed, dawn, shimmered, raked, remarks, straight, length, sang, blizzard, run, chick, feather bed, clear, heaven, hang, flooded, stuck, feathered, darkness, refreshing, visible, forests, fox, moving, kids, river, squeak, place, fox, sister, wide, licked, charged, fungus, warmed, rosehip, secured, blueberries, crossbills, blooms, whiten, poor thing, approached, reader, poor man, white-browed, snowflake, pathfinder, baking, icebreaker, check, firefly, relieve, ghost, spring, pulled up, sat, turned gray, disheveled, clearing, warms up, dungeon, splashed, drank, began to sing.
3. Write the words in three columns.
P...so, b...yes, dl...na, m...snoy, l...stva, t...mnota, s...stra, zm...i, cr...chat, str...zhi.
4. Write it down, write a test word before each word.
Sample: eye - peephole.
K...tenok, l...sok, sound...river, st...lovaya, vr...chi, tr...va, sk...la, ...vtsa, sp...na, dv...ry, m...chi, sl...dy, m...ryachka , l...schi, r...dy, v...lna, hv...sty, d...lil, sk...pit, n...sil, r...gaty, color...tet, d...wait.
5. Write the words in singular or plural.
G...for, h...sy, st...na, bl...ny, gn...zdo, hl...ba, p...la, gr...by, s...sleep.
6. Write two words with the same root for each word.
Distance, garden, salt, leaf, table, forest, pain, whistle.
7. Write it down, adding a word that is similar in meaning.
Child -..., village -..., grief -..., silence -....
8. Select a test word. Write it down.
Surprisingly (amazing, maiden), m...nyat (mine, replacement), l...drink (sticky, molding), subtract (honor, pure), l...ny (laziness, molting), sk...puchy (creaking , paperclip), m...erase (bridge, master).
9. Explain the spelling in the following quatrains.
Behind the mountains, behind the forests, First winter snow
Across the wide seas, it flies like white fluff.
Not in heaven - on earth First light frost
An old man lived in a village. Cheerful and invigorating.
10. Select the missing related words for each word and write them down in three columns (each line will then contain a related noun, adjective and verb).
noun adjective verb
… … clean
... gift ...
pain … …
… white …
11. Change the word combinations according to the example, inserting the missing letters, underline the test words.
Sample: Fur hat - a hat made of fur.
Wool...wool dress -...
D...wooden building -...
Meat cutlets - ...
Golden ring - ...
12. Write down, inserting the missing letters, check the unstressed vowels using words with a diminutive meaning.
K...zel -...Losh...d -...
K...for - ... S...va - ...
Skv...rets - ... ...sel - ...
13. Replace these phrases with one word that answers the question “What to do?” or “What should I do?” Place dots under the unstressed vowel.
Sample: To feel pity - to feel sorry.
Make a gift - …
To speak impudently -...
To make a cry -...
Landing -...
Emit light -...
14. Read and determine which unstressed vowel in the root needs to be checked. Choose a test word. Write it down by filling in the missing letters. Sample: babbling - babbling.
Trembling - ... Gatehouse - ...
Evening - ... Greenery - ...
Fun - ... Busy - ...
15. For these words, select words that are opposite in meaning. Place an accent mark and a dot to indicate the unstressed vowels being tested at the root.
Cheap - ... Well-fed - ... Old - ...
Hot - ... Lengthen - ... Get sick - ...
To be sad - ... Sick - ... To be silent - ...
16. From proverbs, write down words with an unstressed vowel at the root, write test words for them.
A big talker is a bad worker.
Things are as white as soot.
Let's sit next to each other and talk well.
Then dance when they play.
№ 18
Methods for checking unstressed vowels
1. Change the form of the word:
a) number of a noun:
mountain - mountains, river - rivers, wall - walls, clock - hour,
b) noun case:
water - water, fields - field, spring - spring
c) gender of past tense verbs:
took - took, led - led;
d) verb tense:
Fought - fights, showed - will show, carries - carried;
e) form a short form of the adjective:
Gray-haired - gray, green - green.
2. Choose a non-derivative stem of the same part of speech:
Colonel - regiment
3. Choose a single-root word of another part of speech:
untranslatable - translation,
move away - far away,
irreconcilable - peace,
reunion - united
I level
Exercise 4.
Explain the spelling of the highlighted words by choosing test words.
1. My grandmother is early turned grey. 2. The old lady sat on the bench and went again. 3. Above the House of Friendship flutters flag. 4. The child is growing very quickly and develops. 5. Cleanliness the house is pleasing to the eye. 6. Frequency the use of words in speech is not the same. 7. My friend could reconcile comrades if they quarreled. 8. When buying clothes, you must try on dresses and suits. 9. Why you beg should he admit his mistake? This man is incorrigible. 10. You are in vain belittle the merits of this scientist. 11. Car headlights illuminated part of the street. 12. He dedicated your life to creativity. 13. Athlete five times ran around football field. 14. My brother never let me down offended
I level
Unstressed vowels in the root of a word, checked by stress
№ 7
Particular attention should be paid to words whose roots are similar in sound but different in meaning.
note tearing a suit (trying on)
prim and five friends (peace)
Exercise 7. Fill in the missing letters and write down the test words
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Level II
Unstressed vowels in the root of a word, checked by stress
Exercise 8.
Fill the table. Draw a conclusion.
Level III
NOT verified by stress
№ 7
There are many words in the Russian language with unstressed vowels that cannot be checked by selecting other word forms and related words with stress on the dubious vowel.
The spelling of such words is checked using a spelling dictionary.
Words with unverified unstressed vowels include, for example, the following:
balalaika, glass, cow,
cabbage, concrete, ventilation, lobby, ham, vinaigrette, intelligentsia, periphery, plasticine, privilege, scholarship, elixir, overpass and etc.
I level
Unstressed vowels at the root of the word, NOT verified by stress
Exercise 2.
Read the vocabulary words, highlighting the “dangerous” letters with your voice.
cr about meshnyi | gr about madny |
k he fork | to about mb and nat |
to om fort | to the mb and the nation |
envelope | to sew |
C o m e n dant | oh e relie |
br e zent | mach e ha |
b e seda | blizzard |
b e nzin | l e l e t |
s e m a f o r | Vernitsa |
traffic light | real |
I level
Unstressed vowels at the root of the word, NOT verified by stress
Exercise 13. Insert the missing letters. Test yourself using a spelling dictionary.
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Level II
Unstressed vowels at the root of the word, NOT verified by stress
Exercise 3.
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Exercise 4. Please indicate the incorrect spelling of words.
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Level III
№ 1
Hissing sounds w, sh, ch, shch Russian language has some features: f, w they always sound firm, but h, sch - just softly. However, these features of the pronunciation of hissing sounds are not conveyed in writing. We are writing life (although we pronounce life), wide (although we hear broad), that is, combinations zhi-, shi- do not convey a firm pronunciation of the corresponding consonants (compare:Mila-soap, beat - be, where is the letter and indicate the softness of consonants m, b, a letter s - on their hardness).
Russian spelling is subject to the law:
combinations of zhi -, si- write with and.
After hissing ones (f, h, sh, sch)
written a, y,
for example: hour, stranger, grove, pike.
Exceptions: brochure yu ra, z yu ri, parash yu t
I level
The combination of letters ZHI - SHI, CHA - SCHA, CHU - SCHU
Exercise 3.
Insert suitable words into the sentences. Highlight spellings
ZHI - SHI, cha-sha, chu-chu
In spring....... loud bird songs.
He fell and......on his forehead there was a big.........
The cheerful ones flew to us.........
There........., there......... wanders, a mermaid sits on the branches.
Words for reference: to the dacha, miracles, boy, in the thicket, bump, goblin, sound, groped, swifts.
I level
The combination of letters ZHI - SHI, CHA - SCHA, CHU - SCHU
№ 2
In combinations of life - shi only and always write.
In combinations cha - sha we write only the letter A .
In combinations chu - shu write only a letter y .
Exercise 2.
I. From verbs you can form words that, like adjectives, answer the questions: which one? which? which? Like this:answer - answerable, shy- shy, screaming - flashy.Form such words from verbs and underline the combinations in them cha, scha and chu, schu.
1) knock - ...; 2) spend the night - ...; 3) wander - ...; 4) cry - ...; 5) teach - ...; 6) feel - ....
II. Replace the highlighted phrases with one word. Like this: youth, who studies - studying youth.
1) A river that gurgles. 2) A cow that moos. 3) A branch that sticks out. 4) Grandmother who grumbles.
Come up with more words with combinations yourself cha, scha and chu, schu.
Level II
The combination of letters ZHI - SHI, CHA - SCHA, CHU - SCHU
Continue with exercise 1.
the game “Who is faster” will fill the word ladders
Level III
№ 4
After sibilants under stress, it is written in the root her) , although it is pronounced [o] ifin related wordsor in another form of the same word it is written e (yellow - yellow, sh elk - sh elk).
Therefore we write:
1) evening, hard, test, liver, hairstyle, comb, study, black, devil, dash, callous, cheap, grille, whisper, crack(from the crack), brush (from the bristles);
2) gooseberry, major, glutton, seam, shock, rustle, thicket.
Notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of nouns burn, arson and verbs burned, set on fire. (The people putting out the fire were burned. I burned my hand).
2. In words of foreign origin it is possible to write O after sibilants in an unstressed syllable:jockey, juggler, shock, chocolate, highway, Scottish, chauffeur.
I level
Letters O - E after hissing words in the roots
№ 18
Samples of reasoning.
1. Whisper. The root of the word whisper is, This means that the spelling is in the root. Selecting a test word whispers in which it is written in stressed position e. This means that under the stress at the root we write the letter e.
2. Hood. The root of the word hood is, This means that the spelling is in the root. We cannot find a test word that would contain the letter e, This means that in the root under the stress we write the letter O.
Exercise 2.
Consider the pairs of words.
1. Explain why the letter is written after the sibilants e.
2. Explain why the letter o is written after sibilants.
Gooseberry, hood, seam, rustle, major key, slum.
Explain what the highlighted words mean.
Make up a phrase with each of them.
I level
Letters O - E after hissing words in the roots
Exercise 16.
Insert the required vowel o or e. Explain the spelling.
1. In the aisle of the carriage it was heard as if someone was walking.
2. We went to a pastry shop and drank a cup of chocolate(M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin).
3. In the next room a candle was blinking and...then the officers were arguing at the table(K. G. Paustovsky).
4. The clerk, a small, short man with a red nose and a female cap, enters the crowd(A.P. Chekhov).
5. Finally the boat slid with a rustle along the sandy bottom(A.N. Tolstoy).
6. The pig eats... meat, but doesn’t notice the oak tree ( Proverb).
7. A terrible fear rushed them through the darkness and impassable slum...(V. Ya. Shishkov).
8. From a distance, New York looks like a huge jaw, with uneven black teeth(A. M. Gorky).
9. It was clear to everyone that the bread was set on fire and that the fire was the work of their own people(M. A. Bubenkov).
10. He breathes clouds of smoke into the sky and sniffles like an obese glutton(A. M. Gorky).
11. Her mother sent her a full bag of groceries(A. A. Fadeev).
12. The cook served a full plate of gooseberries to the table(A.P. Chekhov).
13. In Shepelevo from time immemorial there lived s... rniks (A. M. Prishvin).
14. A good zh...rnov will sweep away everything(Proverb).
15 . She starts redoing my hair... and makes me come to the mirror (Ya.G. Chernyshevsky).
16. She hardly heard my admiring whisper...(F.V. Gladkov).
17. The British know how to bring their naughtiness everywhere (Ya. V. Gogol).
18. It was a busy time for university students: they took the test (Ya. Orenburg).
19. Seryozha furiously shuffled his cloth and clicked the shutter?(A. A. Fadeev).
Level II
Letters O - E after hissing words in the roots
Exercise 3.
Please indicate the incorrect spelling of words.
Please indicate incorrect spellings of words.
1. short shorts 2. straight line 3. heavy wallet 4. smooth seam 5. severe burn on hand 6. yellow gooseberry 7. cheap goods 8. prim nobleman 9. sat behind bars 10. severely burnt hand 11. slap 12. chocolate 13. pizhen 14. bile 15. driver | 16. major 17. gluttonous 18. rosy-cheeked 19. hood 20. shock 21. polygamy 22. fur 23. alkali 24. acorn 25. newlyweds 26. cheap 27. half whisper 28. jockey 29. party 30. electric meter |
Level III
Vowel alternation in the roots of words
Spelling “Alternation I//E in word roots.” Order of reasoning. 1. Make sure that vowel alternation actually occurs in this root. 2. Determine what the alternation of vowels in a given root depends on. 3. If the alternation depends on the presence or absence of the suffix -a-, determine whether it is part of the word or not. 4. Explain spelling. Samples of reasoning. 1. Collect. The root is -ber-//-bir- -a-. In this word there is a suffix -a-, therefore, in the root we write the letter And. 2. Shines. At the root -brilliant-/ /-brilliant- vowel alternation depends on the suffix-A-. This word does not have this suffix, which means we write the letter at the root e. |