Natalya Petrovna Bekhtereva (July 7, 1924, Leningrad - June 22, 2008, Hamburg, Germany) - Russian neurophysiologist. Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1970), Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1975), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1981). Since 1990 - scientific director of the Brain Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and since 1992 - the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Doctor medical sciences, Professor. Granddaughter of V. M. Bekhterev.
Representative of the ancient Vyatka family of Bekhterevs. Grandfather - V. M. Bekhterev. Father - engineer and inventor Pyotr Bekhterev (shot in 1938 as an “enemy of the people”). The mother was repressed and sent to a camp. The remaining one young girl was sent to an orphanage with the stigma of “daughter of an enemy of the people.” During the war she lived in besieged Leningrad.
Graduated from the 1st Leningrad medical school them. I. P. Pavlova (1947). Postgraduate studies at the Institute of Central Nervous Physiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. She worked as a junior researcher at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1950-1954). Then (in 1954-1962) - at the Neurosurgical Institute. A. L. Polenov of the USSR Ministry of Health (having gone from senior research fellow to the head of the laboratory and deputy director). Since 1962 at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (head of the department of human neurophysiology, then deputy director for scientific work, and about. director, from 1970 to 1990 - director).
In 1975 she became an academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (later RAMS), and in 1981 - an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1990, Bekhtereva has been scientific supervisor Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head scientific group neurophysiology of thinking, creativity and consciousness.
Was elected vice president International Union physiological sciences, vice president International organization in psychophysiology. She worked as editor-in-chief of the journal “Human Physiology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences; international magazine"International Journal of Psychophysiology".
Son - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Medvedev, director of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1990), doctor biological sciences, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
She died on June 22, 2008 in Hamburg at St. George's Hospital at the age of 83 after a long illness. She was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo.
Books (6)
Mechanisms of human brain activity. Part one
The collective monograph provides data on the formation of psychophysiological functions in ontogenesis, on the psychophysiological foundations of individual typological characteristics of a person, as well as on the study of conscious and unconscious forms of higher education. nervous activity person.
The neurophysiological basis of interaction is discussed signaling systems, psychoacoustic aspects of speech learning and neurophysiological foundations speech activity. Special attention focuses on the consideration of methodological principles in human brain physiology and prospects for the development of research in this area of knowledge.
The work outlines the main stages of studying the physiology of brain support mental processes and modern data on neuro physiological mechanisms of these processes obtained from direct studies of human brain physiology.
Long-term research into the diagnosis and treatment of patients using the method of implanting electrodes using a complex method, including observation of the dynamics of physiological parameters of the brain during implementation mental activity and dynamics of spontaneous and evoked mental processes under local electrical influences on the brain, allowed us to accumulate a large number of new data on the physiological mechanisms of mental phenomena.
As a result of the analysis of these data, it was suggested that the brain support of mental activity is carried out by the cortical-subcortical structural-functional system with links varying degrees rigidity.
General physiology of the nervous system
The book outlines the state of cellular mechanisms of activity nervous system. The mechanisms of electrical excitability of the membrane are considered nerve fibers And nerve cells, mechanisms active transport ions and the functional role of the resulting electrogenic effect. The issue of chemical mediators and the processes they cause in postsynaptic structures.
The problems of trophic influences of nerve cells, the principles of transmission and processing of information and the preservation of traces (memory) and other issues are specially covered. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of morphology and physiological characteristics neuroglial cells, which are allocated important role in the mechanisms of nervous activity and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases of the central nervous system.
Collection of books
Healthy and sick human brain
Labyrinths of the brain
The magic of the brain and the labyrinths of life
Mechanisms of human brain activity
The human brain - superpowers and prohibitions
Neurophysiological aspects of human mental activity
Brain Stereotypes and Creativity
So how, despite everything...
I think so
Born on July 7, 1924 in Leningrad. Father - Bekhterev Petr Vladimirovich (1888-1938). Mother - Bekhtereva Zinaida Petrovna (1896-1975). Spouses: Vsevolod Ivanovich Medvedev, Ivan Ilyich Kashtelyan. Son - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Medvedev (born 1949).
In the first year of the Great Patriotic War Natalya Petrovna entered the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute named after I.P. Pavlova, who graduated in 1947. Her work and creative activity began in 1950 as a junior researcher at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1954-1962 N.P. Bekhtereva - senior researcher, head of the laboratory, deputy director of the Leningrad Research Neurosurgical Institute named after A.L. Polenova.
Natalya Petrovna devoted many years (1962-1990) to work at the Research Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences: head of department, deputy director for scientific work, acting. director, director. From 1990 to the present N.P. Bekhtereva is the scientific director of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the head of the scientific group for the neurophysiology of thinking and consciousness.
Academician N.P. Bekhtereva is a leading scientist who laid the foundations for fundamental research in the physiology of the human brain and created the original scientific school. She has many students who head laboratories and departments at institutes in the field of physiology of healthy and diseased human brains. Widely using the capabilities of physics, mathematics, and neurobiology in neurophysiology, Natalya Petrovna created a comprehensive method for studying the principles of the structural and functional organization of the human brain; she developed a methodology for studying the brain mechanisms of thinking, memory, emotions, and creativity. N.P.’s theory was fully confirmed. Bekhtereva about brain organization mental activity of a person as a system of rigid and flexible links. As a discovery, the property of neurons in the subcortical formations of the human brain to respond to the semantic content of speech and participate as links in systems for supporting mental activity was registered. Behind basic research in the field of physiology of healthy and diseased human brain N.P. Bekhtereva and her colleagues were awarded the USSR State Prize in the field of science in 1985.
In studies of general and specific problems of pathophysiology and pathogenesis of long-term diseases of the nervous system, mainly associated with damage deep structures brain, under the guidance of Academician N.P. Bekhtereva solved one of the central problems of functional neurosurgery - ensuring extremely precise and gentle contact with brain formations. Under her leadership, a new branch of neurology and neurosurgery was also created - stereotactic neurology with the development latest technologies computer stereotaxis.
Formulated and developed by N.P. Bekhterev's theory of a stable pathological state of the brain as an adaptive basis for many chronic diseases of the nervous system has opened up fundamentally new possibilities in the treatment of these diseases. Methods of point electrical stimulation of the subcortical and cortical areas of the brain have been developed and are used in practice, spinal cord, optic and auditory nerves as an exceptionally gentle treatment method for chronic diseases of the central nervous system that are difficult to correct.
She studied and formulated the principles of reliability of brain activity and discovered a brain mechanism for optimizing mental activity - an error detector (1968, etc.). The phenomenon of the error detector turned out to be a surprisingly significant mechanism of the human brain, and not only healthy person. It is the pathological activation of the error detector that turns it into their determiner, into one of the most important mechanisms for maintaining a stable pathological state. Start foreign studies This issue dates back to 1993.
In recent years, academician N.P. Bekhtereva proposed in principle new approach to knowledge of the principles and mechanisms of vital activity of a healthy and diseased human brain based on combining many years of experience in complex neurophysiological research using positron emission tomography (PET). The implementation of this approach was ensured by the creation in 1990 of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the basis of previously organized N.P. Bekhtereva Department of Human Neurophysiology (1962) and the Clinic of Functional Neurosurgery and Neurology (1980). This kind of scientific complex is complementary and mutually enriching.
Currently, the work of the Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of basic scientific research is determined, firstly, by the fundamental multi-methodology, the combination of classical neurophysiological and PET capabilities, the combination of invasive and non-invasive techniques (i.e., information is obtained “everything about small things and a lot about everything”), secondly, by the study of brain correlates of functions, i.e. e. further development brain mapping, and finally, delving into the actual mechanisms higher functions.
In 2003, under the leadership of N.P. Bekhtereva at the Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted a study of the neurophysiological correlates of error detection under conditions creative activity and verbal creative activity in conditions of activation of the error detector. This work connects two priority lines of research - the brain mechanisms of error detection (N.P. Bekhtereva et al., 1968, 1985, 1989) and the brain organization of creative activity (N.P. Bekhtereva et al., 2000, 2001, 2003).
Over the years of the existence of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the brain organization of speech, sound, semantic and grammatical characteristics words and various components speech, data have accumulated on differences in brain support emotional reactions and states depending on the “context” and the meaning of this context was partially deciphered, the first maps of the brain organization of verbal creativity were obtained, and much more.
Monographs and most important work recent years: “Biopotentials cerebral hemispheres brain with supratentorial tumors” (1960; New York, 1962), “Raynaud’s disease (clinic, neuropathophysiological mechanisms)” (1965), “Physiology and pathophysiology of deep structures of the human brain” (1967; GDR, 1969), “Neurophysiological aspects mental activity of a person” (1971, 1974; USA, 1978), “Brain codes of mental activity” (1977), “Stable pathological state in brain diseases” (1978), “Healthy and sick human brain” (1980, 1988; on Spanish, 1984), “Neurophysiological mechanisms of thinking” (1985), “Per aspera...” (1990), “Electrical stimulation of the brain and nerves in humans” (1990), “About the human brain” (1994), “About the human brain. The twentieth century and its last decade in the science of the human brain” (1997), “The magic of the brain and the labyrinths of life” (1999), “Neuronal activity of human caudate nucleus and prefrontal cortex in cognitive tasks” (1998), “Depth electrodes in clinical neurophysiology: neuronal activity and human cognitive function” (2000). Is the author large number publications in the journal “Human Physiology”.
N.P. Bekhtereva - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1981), Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1975), foreign member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1974); foreign member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences (1990); foreign member of the American Academy of Medicine and Psychiatry (1993); full member International Academy of Sciences of Ecology, Human Security and Nature (1997). IN different years participated in a number of international scientific organizations: Member of the Council of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS), Vice-President of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS), Member of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), Chairman Commission on Psychophysiology of the International Union of Physiological Sciences, Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the Founding of the International Organization for Psychophysiology (Committee for the Foundation of the International Organization of Psychophysiology), Vice President of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, member of the Board of Directors of the International Organization of Psychophysiology; chairman organizing committees and dick program committees various international forums.
Natalya Petrovna - honorary member of the Hungarian Electrophysiological Society (since 1968); honorary member of the Czechoslovak Purkinje Neurophysiological and Neurosurgical Societies (since 1989); honorary scientific consultant to the board of the American Biographical Institute (since 1998); honorary member of the Advisory Committee of Distinguished Women in Science and Culture (American Biographical Institute, since 1999).
Chief Editor(1975-1987), member of the editorial board (from 1987 to the present) of the journal “Human Physiology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences; member of the editorial board of the journal “Neurophysiology” (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1992); member of the editorial board of the magazine “Doctor” (1989-1994).
In 1985 N.P. Bekhtereva was awarded the USSR State Prize in the field of science. Awarded the Order of Lenin (1984), Red Banner of Labor (1975), Friendship of Peoples (1994), “Badge of Honor” (1967), “For Services to the Fatherland” IV degree (1999), gold (1967, 1974) and silver (1976) ) medals from VDNKh USSR.
Scientific awards: H. Berger medal (Germany, 1970); McCulloch Medal (USA, 1972); Bulgarian Union Medal scientific workers (1984); Golden medal named after V.M. Bekhterev (RAN, 1998); “Award of the Century” (International Organization for Psychophysiology, 1998); personalized Medal of Honor “2000th Anniversary” (American Biographical Institute, 1998); Medal “For Merit in the Field of Ecology” ( International Academy Sciences of Ecology, Human Safety and Nature, 1999); Order Badge of the Highest Public Recognition, Honor and Dignity “Sovereign Rus'” (intellectual Russian initiative of scientists, arts, and culture “Heritage” sovereign Russia, 1999); Prize named after I.P. Pavlova (2000); National Award public recognition of the achievements of women in Russia “Olympia” for 2001 (2002); American Medal of Honor (American Biographical Institute, 2002); laureate international award Foundation of the Holy All-Praised Apostle Andrew the First-Called (with the presentation of award signs: “Sovereign Eagle”, “Star of Order”, 2003); international award “ Living legend”(International Biographical Centre, England, 2003); Order “Star of Creation” (International Classic Center, 2003); laureate of the award (with a gold medal) from the V.S. Foundation Vysotsky’s “Own Track” (2004); Knight of the Golden Order “For Services to Society”, 1st degree, ? 004 (National public organization“Health”, 2004). The name “BEKHTEREV” was assigned small planet? 6074 of the Solar System (International Astronomical Union, 1999).
Biography of N.P. Bekhtereva is presented in the collections “Who is who in solar system” (St. Petersburg, 2000), “Who’s Who in the 21st Century” and “International Register of Profiles” (International Biographical Center, Cambridge, UK, 2002-2003) and many other collections “Who is who” (England, USA).
Hobbies – painting, music.
Lives and works in St. Petersburg.
| Bekhtereva Natalya Petrovna | |
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| Science | |
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Leningrad, USSR |
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Russia |
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Hamburg, Germany |
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I testify that persons trained to see without the use of the eyes are indeed able to read texts previously unknown to them and to carry out whole line other activities usually requiring vision. The results showed that the presence of any special properties in the person being trained is not required. I saw, first of all, the presence of a training system where everything time is running movement towards making the most of the body's capabilities. The formation of a new vision is quite possible for the blind. Research emphasizes its physiology for the human brain. “Bronnikov’s Boys” have received and are demonstrating their superpowers acquired as a result of a systematic long-term training, which carefully reveals the possibility of an alternative (direct) vision.
Bekhtereva Natalya Petrovna(July 7, 1924, Leningrad - June 22, 2008, Hamburg, Germany) - supporter and popularizer of vision according to the Bronnikov method, author scientific research in the field of neurophysiology of the brain. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, has scientific awards for his outstanding contribution to the development of neurophysiology and neuroscience. Author of about 350 scientific papers in the field of human brain physiology.
Some do not classify Bekhtereva as a freak, considering her a victim of fraud.
Scientific activity
Graduated from the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute named after. I. P. Pavlova (1947). Postgraduate studies at the Institute of Central Nervous Physiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. She worked as a junior researcher at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1950-1954). Then (in 1954-1962) - at the Neurosurgical Institute. A. L. Polenov of the USSR Ministry of Health (having worked his way up from senior researcher to laboratory head and deputy director). Since 1962 at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (head of the department of human neurophysiology, then deputy director for scientific work, acting director, from 1970 to 1990 - director).
In 1975 she became an academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (later RAMS), and in 1981 - an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1990, Bekhtereva has been the scientific director of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the head of the scientific group for the neurophysiology of thinking, creativity and consciousness.
She was elected vice-president of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (1974-1980); Vice-President of the International Organization for Psychophysiology (1982-1994).
She worked as editor-in-chief of the journal “Human Physiology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1975-1987); international journal “International Journal of Psychophysiology” (1984-1994).
She died on the morning of June 22, 2008 in Hamburg at St. George's Hospital at the age of 83 after a long illness. She was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo.
Research on the Bronnikov method
In 2002, employees of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, led by N. P. Bekhtereva, conducted a study to test whether Bronnikov’s students were really able to perceive images, provided that their eyes were covered with a mask of opaque material. And to surprise scientific community, some authors of the study sensationally interpreted the experimental data as confirmation of the reality of “direct vision”. As a result, only on the basis of what was demonstrated, Bekhtereva made an unambiguous conclusion about the existence of the phenomenon. Bekhtereva assessed the likelihood of falsifying the results as “insignificant,” despite the fact that such a phenomenon has not yet been officially confirmed. The results of the experiment were published in the journal Human Physiology and later discussed at a scientific seminar at the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
On the results of the research carried out by N.P. Bekhtereva sent a letter to the president Russian Federation V.V. Putin, with a recommendation for the widespread introduction of training according to the Bronnikov method.
Bekhtereva N.P. - about the author
Representative of the ancient Vyatka family of Bekhterevs. Grandfather - V. M. Bekhterev. Father - engineer and inventor Pyotr Bekhterev (shot in 1938 as an “enemy of the people”). The mother was repressed and sent to a camp. The remaining one young girl was sent to an orphanage with the stigma of “daughter of an enemy of the people.” During the war she lived in besieged Leningrad.
Graduated from the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute named after. I. P. Pavlova (1947). Postgraduate studies at the Institute of Central Nervous Physiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. She worked as a junior researcher at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1950-1954). Then (in 1954-1962) - at the Neurosurgical Institute. A. L. Polenov of the USSR Ministry of Health (having worked his way up from senior researcher to laboratory head and deputy director). Since 1962 at the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (head of the department of human neurophysiology, then deputy director for scientific work, acting director, from 1970 to 1990 - director).
In 1975 she became an academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (later RAMS), and in 1981 - an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1990, Bekhtereva has been the scientific director of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the head of the scientific group for the neurophysiology of thinking, creativity and consciousness.
She was elected vice-president of the International Union of Physiological Sciences, vice-president of the International Organization for Psychophysiology. She worked as editor-in-chief of the journal “Human Physiology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences; international journal "International Journal of Psychophysiology".
Son - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Medvedev, director of the Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1990), Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
She died on June 22, 2008 in Hamburg at St. George's Hospital at the age of 83 after a long illness. She was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo.
Bekhtereva N.P. - books for free:
The collective monograph provides data on the formation of psychophysiological functions in ontogenesis, on the psychophysiological foundations of individual typological characteristics of a person, as well as on the study of conscious and unconscious...
This book is different from all the ones I have written. My other books are monographs in the most precise sense of the word, generalizations individual issues huge problem - brain physiology. The main difference from them in the book “Healthy and...
Only in this case, as a rule, they say differently: “I suddenly understood,” “I realized,” “I suddenly thought,” etc. Insights occur in those who deliberately lead an ascetic, hermit lifestyle. However there is a big difference in the inspiration of creative...
This is probably best property living beings - non-inheritance conditioned reflexes, loss of parental experience at the birth of a new person. I have never heard such an assessment of this situation from anyone; usually the fact is simply stated or...
In human thinking and in its analogues in animals, especially in the latter, stereotypes easily gain a place. And they really help you live: you don’t have to decide anew every time standard tasks. Stereotypical thinking- basis for...