Strengthening the royal
power in the XVI-XVII centuries.
Absolutism in Europe
LESSON PLAN
Absolutism
One king - one country
Limitation of the role of class representation bodies
Centralization of the state
1. Education centralized states
At the beginning of the New Age, large states emerged in Europe.
How is it different from the Middle Ages?
England
France
Spain
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russian state
1. Absolutism
“He who is born a subject must obey” is the meaning of absolutism. Absolutism is a form of government in which supreme power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch.
Absolutism developed at the end of the 15th – 16th centuries.
Creation of a national administrative apparatus, a permanent professional army, a state tax system, single state legislation And administrative structure, unified state economic policy, etc.
2. One king - one country
WHAT DOES THIS STATEMENT MEAN?
2. One king - one country
After finishing Hundred Years' War in France, the old rights of the provinces (Normandy, Burgundy, etc.) were liquidated, they lost their independence and came under the authority of the king. In England, the king brought the remote northern counties and Wales under his authority (the Council of the North and the Council of Wales were created).
To prevent the outbreak of new feudal strife, lands were taken away from the old rebellious and wayward nobility, castles were destroyed, and detachments of feudal lords were disbanded. Restrictions on freedoms also affected cities that defended their ancient rights.
2. One king - one country
During the period of absolutism, the bodies of class representation (the English Parliament, the Spanish Cortes, the French Estates General) lose their importance. Kings seek to get rid of their influence.
During the 37 years of Henry VIII's reign, Parliament met only 21 times, and during the 45 years of the reign of his daughter Elizabeth - 13 times. The kings could not get rid of parliament completely, but they significantly limited their influence, thereby strengthening their absolute power.
3. Limitation of the role of class representation bodies
James I Stuart (1603-1625), who ascended the English throne after Elizabeth, fought against parliament throughout his reign, limiting its role in every possible way.
James I believed that parliament was harmful to the affairs of government. In his speech addressed to parliament in 1604, the king declared that he was the sovereign master of the entire country: “I am the head, and the island is my body, I am the shepherd, and the island is my flock.”
James I Stuart
Slide No. 10
3. Limitation of the role of class representation bodies
In France absolute monarchy began to take shape XVI century. King Francis I of Valois (1515-1547) single-handedly accepted everything major decisions, on his decrees he wrote: “For it pleases us so.” The Estates General in France did not become a permanent body, but met only in cases of great need by decision of the king. From 1614 to 1789, the Estates General never met.
Francis I of Valois
Slide No. 11
4. Centralization of the state
In England the central administrative and executive body was Privy Council, whose members were appointed by the king. In France, under the king, there was a council, considered the government, but its members were also appointed by the king and carried out his will. The members of this government were princes of the blood, high clergy, financiers, lawyers, but the country had the personal rule of the king.
French
Estates General
in 1614
Slide No. 12
4. Centralization of the state
In England most of legal cases were conducted by two royal courts. Justice and the rebellious nobility were monitored by the Star Chamber. There were locally elected justices of the peace (from the old aristocracy and the new nobility), but they were elected under the control of the government and the Privy Council.
English lawyer of the 16th century.
Slide No. 13
4. Centralization of the state
In France the restriction royal power were the highest judicial bodies in the provinces - parliaments. They could appeal court and government decisions. Kings were in sharp conflict with parliaments. King Louis XIV, in a dispute with the Paris Parliament, declared: “The State is me!”
Louis XIV
Slide No. 14
4. Centralization of the state
The government of the country in both England and France was carried out by officials. Official positions were inherited and purchased. Personal merits did not play a role - what was important was the availability of money. Most officials did not receive payment from the state, but lived at the expense of the population (gifts, offerings, bribes).
Slide No. 15
2. Monarchy and nobility
In the emerging centralized states, this principle does not suit the monarchs. They strive for complete subjugation of all classes of society.
To this end, the feudal lords are gradually deprived of their privileges and influence. Kings recruit nobles (a new class whose position depends entirely on their service to the king)
The old aristocracy - feudal lords (dukes, counts, barons, marquises, baronets) resist these attempts in every possible way.
Slide No. 16
3. Absolutism
Monarchs strive for the maximum possible centralization of control, concentration of all levers of power in their hands - an ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.
Slide No. 17
3. Absolutism
To substantiate the king’s claims, the theory of ROYAL SOVEREIGNTY is put forward: the king does not share his powers and authority with anyone.
The king unites in his hands all branches of power EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIARY resolved all major issues of domestic and foreign policy
Sun King
Slide No. 18
3. “Bureaucratic” monarchy
Open page 79 and read the section “Bureacratic” monarchy"
1. What is bureaucracy? What functions does it perform?
2. Why were kings forced to endure the stubbornness and red tape of government officials?
3. What was the result of the strengthening of the bureaucratic apparatus in France?
Slide No. 19
Henry of Navarre
France became a model of absolutism. Henry IV restored religious world, acting as the supreme judge.
In 1610 he was killed by a religious fanatic. Power passed into the hands of Marie de Medici. Catholic aristocrats demanded the restoration of all their privileges. The Troubles began, which lasted 10 years.
Maria Medici
Slide No. 20
4. Aristocratic opposition
Problem: Absolutism contributed to the formation of strong states and restrained wars of all against all. But at the same time, in the 16th–17th centuries. revolutions are taking place in Europe, one of the tasks of which is the destruction of the system of absolutism. Why was there a struggle against absolutism in society? Can power demand unconditional submission from an individual? 2
Members of corporations were equal and were responsible for each other. Their actions were based on the right given by God. Another source of law was ancient customs. 1. The concept of ABSOLUTISM.. Absolutism Unlimited supreme power The head of the state is the MONARCH Power belongs to one person form of government
Work on the table “Difference between a centralized state and a feudally fragmented state” 7 Questions for comparison Fragmented Centralized 1. Who owned the power in the country? Feudal lords to the king 1. Rights of the king: A) in relation to the feudal lords; B) in the state. A) B) A) B) 1.Sources of income of the king. 1.What military forces did the king have? 5. Court and laws. 6.Administrative management. 6. Cities in the state system.
Work on the table “Difference between a centralized state and a feudally fragmented state” 8 Questions for comparison Fragmented Centralized 1. Who owned the power in the country? Feudal lords to the king 1. Rights of the king: A) in relation to the feudal lords; B) in the state. A) First among equals. B) Formal law. A) The supreme right of the king (feudal lords are subjects of the king). B) Head of state. 1. Sources of the king’s income. Royal domain. State treasury. 1.What military forces did the king have? Personal squad. Vassals. Standing army. 5. Court and laws. Each region has its own court and laws. Unified court and laws. 6.Administrative management. Governance bodies in each individual area. Local authority appointed and subordinate central government. 6. Cities in the state system. Residences of local rulers. Centers of craft and trade.
2. Character traits absolutism 1.Creation of a national administrative apparatus consisting of officials; 2.Formation of a permanent professional army. 3.Creation of a state tax system; 4. Introduction of uniform legislation and administrative structure, uniform measures and scales; 5. Formation of a state church; 6. Carrying out a unified state economic policy. 10 Check your diagram
Text at 163 Add. material “Etiquette at Court” Louis XIV» Choose a source yourself 12 1. Compose an oral story What did the cult of the monarch - God's anointed - consist of? Absolutism is a form of government in which power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch. Monarch – “God’s anointed”
Allotted to parliament English monarchs Retracted States General French monarchs 14 Find out what place in the system government controlled... Heinrich VIII Tudor. King of England Elizabeth I Tudor. Queen of England of England James I Stuart. King of England and Scotland. Francis I of Valois. King of France
one system management (p.29-30) England Privy Council: 1. Foreign policy 2.Domestic policy 3.Finance 4.Defense of the country. kingkingkingkinging FranceGovernment 1. Foreign policy 2. Domestic policy 3. Finance 4. National defense. kingkingkingkinging 15 Compare the activities of the state apparatus of England and France
United judicial branch England Star Chamber judges justices of the peace judges 1.News trials; 2.Expose conspiracies; 3.Suppress rebellions; 4.Chase tramps; 5.Collect taxes; 6.Collecting money for the poor. FranceParliaments 1.The right to appeal judicial and government decisions; 2. Appointment of a regent; 3. Review of contracts, decrees. 16
Local government England France Officials Salary + payment of the population for services 17 Means of livelihood?
22 Mercantilism – economic policy, which is based on the idea of the predominance of the export of goods over the import for the purpose of accumulating gold Protectionism - Protectionism is the economic policy of the state, which consists in purposefully protecting the domestic market from the flow of foreign-made goods.
Complete the sentences and write them down: 1. The population has such European countries How _____________________________________ in the era of absolutism national self-awareness develops and centralized states are formed. 2. In Germany and Italy in the XVI – XVII centuries Centralized states did not develop, because there existed ___________________________________ 23
Lesson summary: Absolutism is a form of government in which power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch. Features: 1.Creation of a national administrative apparatus consisting of officials; 2.Formation of a permanent professional army. 3.Creation of a state tax system; 4. Introduction of uniform legislation and administrative structure, uniform weights and measures; 5. Formation of a state church; 6. Carrying out a unified state economic policy. 24
Who owns the words? “I don’t understand how my ancestors could allow such an institution. I have to put up with what I can’t get rid of.” James I Stuart James I Stuart “In my person God has bestowed upon you a blessing. I am the husband, and the whole island is my lawful wife. I am the head, and the island is my body. I am the shepherd, and the island is my flock.” (from a speech at the first parliament). James I Stewart "This Is Mine" good will, for so we wish” Louis XV. 25 “Did you think, gentlemen, that the state is you? You are wrong. The state is ME!” Louis XIV Louis XIV
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Slide captions:
HISTORICAL WARM-UP. 1) Which of the navigators managed to discover sea route to India? A) Christopher Columbus. B) Bartolomeu Dias u. B) Amerigo Vespucci. D) Vasco da Gama. D) Ferdinand Magellan. 2) Which of the travelers introduced the term “ New World"? A) Christopher Columbus. B) Bartolomeu Dias. B) Amerigo Vespucci. D) Vasco da Gama. D) Fernando Magellan.
Match the names of the indigenous people with the continent or country. Indians; Indians; black people; A) America; B) Africa; B) India.
Lesson topic: Strengthening royal power in the 16th-17th centuries. Absolutism in Europe. History and social studies teacher Tatyana Vasilievna Ronova MBOU Taseevskaya Secondary School No. 1 History lesson in 7th grade
Problem: Absolutism contributed to the formation of strong states and restrained wars of “all against all.” But at the same time, in the 16th–17th centuries. revolutions are taking place in Europe, one of the tasks of which is the destruction of the system of absolutism. Why was there a struggle against absolutism in society? Can power demand unconditional submission from an individual?
Lesson objectives: 1. Find out what “absolutism” is? 2. Find out what the characteristic features of absolutism are. 3. What are its manifestations in European countries?
Complete the task: Read the definition and characteristics of absolutism. Consider the matrix of the “Absolutism” scheme and fill it in with brief explanations: Absolutism: 1. Developed at the end of the 15th-16th centuries. 2. Reaches its heyday in the 17th century
1.What is absolutism? Absolutism is a form of government in which power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch. p.27 of the textbook James I Stuart French king Louis XV
2. Characteristic features of absolutism Creation of a national administrative apparatus consisting of officials; Formation of a permanent professional army. Creation of a state tax system; Introduction of uniform legislation and administrative structure, uniform weights and measures; Formation of a state church; Carrying out a unified state economic policy. Check your diagram
Page 28 “One King - One Country” Look at the map “ Western Europe in 1648.” and find the territories that lost their independence by submitting to royal power during the period of absolutism?
Text on pp. 32-33 Add. material “Etiquette at the court of Louis XIV” on p. 35-36) Choose a source yourself Compose an oral story “What was the cult of the monarch - God’s anointed?” Absolutism is a form of government in which power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch. Monarch – “God’s anointed”
The English monarchs assigned parliament. The French monarchs assigned the States General. Pages, 28-29 Find out what place in the system of public administration... Henry VIII Tudor. King of England Elizabeth I Tudor. Queen of England James I Stuart. King of England and Scotland. Francis I of Valois. King of France
Unified system of management (p.29-30) England Privy Council: Foreign policy Domestic policy Finance National defense. king of France Government Foreign policy Domestic policy Finance Country defense. king Compare the activities of the state apparatus of England and France
Unified judicial power (pp. 30-31) England Star Chamber judges justices of the peace Conduct trials; Unmask conspiracies; Suppress riots; Pursue vagabonds; Collect taxes; Collecting money for the poor. France Parliaments Right to appeal judicial and government decisions; Appointment of a regent; Review of contracts and decrees. Explain the diagram using the text on p. 30-31
Local government (p.31) England France Officials 1000-1500 8000 Salary + payment of the population for services Means of subsistence?
Creation of a professional army in England (lack of regular army) Civil uprising. Detachments of noble volunteers. France (standing mercenary army) taxes direct indirect tax on land and salt property tax
Common economic policy Mercantilism Protectionism Remember what these terms mean? P. 34
Complete the sentences and write them down: 1. The population of European countries such as _____________________________________ in the era of absolutism develops national identity and centralized states are formed. 2. In Germany and Italy in the 16th – 17th centuries, centralized states did not develop, because there were _____________________________ P. 34
Lesson summary: Absolutism is a form of government in which power unlimitedly belongs to one person - the monarch. Features: Creation of a nationwide management apparatus consisting of officials; Formation of a permanent professional army. Creation of a state tax system; Introduction of uniform legislation and administrative structure, uniform weights and measures; Formation of a state church; Carrying out a unified state economic policy.
Read the lesson objectives Have you achieved the lesson objectives? In what degree? Evaluate your work in class. If at the end of the lesson you scored: 25 points, you get a grade of 5 20–15 points - a grade of 4 10 points - a grade of 3 5 points - a grade of 2
Who owns the words? “I don’t understand how my ancestors could allow such an institution. I have to put up with what I can’t get rid of.” “In my person, God has sent you a blessing. I am the husband, and the whole island is my lawful wife. I am the head, and the island is my body. I am the shepherd, and the island is my flock.” (from a speech at the first parliament). “This is my good will, for this is what we wish.” “Did you think, gentlemen, that the state is you? You are wrong. The state is ME!”
Sources http://festival.1september.ru/articles/532938/ http://www.proshkolu.ru/club/historians/file2/181296 http://www.uchportal.ru/load/54-1-0- 14873 http://director.edu54.ru/node/73607 A.Ya. Yudovskaya, P.A. Baranov, L.M. Vanyushkina. General history. History of modern times. 1500-1800. M., Enlightenment. 2009
Briefly. Please. strengthening of royal power in the 16th and 17th centuries. absolutism in europe
Answers:
Absolutism in Europe In the first half of the 16th century. In Europe, the formation of centralized states - France, England, Spain - is being completed. In these countries it is formed new form political structure- absolutism. His characteristic features were: unlimited power the sovereign, who refused to convene estate-representative institutions and relied on an extensive bureaucratic apparatus and powerful army. The Church is fully integrated into state system. The ideological basis for absolutism was the theory of the divine nature of royal power. The reformation that took place significantly weakened the position of the clergy, which was losing its former autonomy from secular authorities. The basis of the political strategy of the heads of absolutist states was maneuvering between the old nobility, which retained significant political weight, and the bourgeois elements, which had large financial means. With absolutism it is affirmed new principle governance: the state is no longer seen as feudal estate king, the governance of the country acquires a public legal, national character. The emergence of absolutism became important step in the development of a more institutionally perfect, sovereign state. Absolutism was formed in the 16th-17th centuries. , first of all, in countries such as France, England, Spain, which sought to establish their hegemony in Europe. Of course, the formation of absolutism did not always go smoothly: provincial separatism and the centrifugal aspirations of the large aristocracy persisted; continuous wars made it difficult state development.
In the first half of the 16th century. In Europe, the formation of centralized states - France, England, Spain - is being completed. In these countries, a new form of political structure is being formed - absolutism. Its characteristic features were: the unlimited power of the sovereign, who refused to convene class-representative institutions and relied on an extensive bureaucratic apparatus and a powerful army. The church is fully integrated into the state system. The ideological basis for absolutism was the theory of the divine nature of royal power. Under influence various factors at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries, traditional classes were deformed, becoming more interested in strengthening royal power. The nobility saw it as a source of financial support, and also sought to obtain court positions, posts in the army and government. The reformation that took place significantly weakened the position of the clergy, which was losing its former autonomy from secular authorities. The third estate, especially the entrepreneurial elements, traditionally supported strong royal power, seeing in it the guarantee of their stability and prosperity. Using the interest of a number of classes, the monarchy manages to rise to the position of a “supra-class” force and win absolute power. In such conditions, the personality of the monarch, his abilities and inclinations acquired enormous importance. The basis of the political strategy of the heads of absolutist states was maneuvering between the old nobility, which retained significant political weight, and the bourgeois elements who possessed large financial resources. Under absolutism, a new principle of governance is affirmed: the state is no longer seen as the feudal fiefdom of the king, governance of the country acquires a public legal, national character. The emergence of absolutism was an important step in the development of a more institutionally perfect, sovereign state.
Absolutism was formed in the 16th-17th centuries, primarily in countries such as France, England, and Spain, which sought to establish their hegemony in Europe. However, in Europe at this stage development, there was also a so-called “regional” model of absolutism (characteristic of the Italian and German lands with their polycentrism). Here, although within the framework of small states, there was also a process of strengthening monarchical power, the formation of a bureaucratic apparatus and a regular army. Of course, the formation of absolutism did not always go smoothly: provincial separatism and the centrifugal aspirations of the large aristocracy persisted; continuous wars hampered state development. However, Spain under Philip II, England under Elizabeth I, France under Louis XIV reached the peak of development of the absolutist system. I hope it helped