Viktor Baranov is a criminal legend of the USSR. He can safely be called the king of counterfeiters of all times. No one had ever been able to achieve such quality in counterfeit banknotes before. In 1977, only an accident led the police to the counterfeiter. The meticulous cashier noticed a shift in the wave - the cliché was placed backwards. The state machine shook. An attempt was made on the holy of holies of any power - money!
The future counterfeiter drove Mikhail Gorbachev
Victor's parents were officials in Moscow. When he turned 16, the family moved to Stavropol. Here he visited art school and began to draw professionally. In those years, he did not have any thoughts about counterfeiting money. In the army he was secretary of the Komsomol organization, after demobilization he worked as a driver in the Stavropol regional party committee. I even gave Mikhail Gorbachev a lift a couple of times.
A few years later, Baranov changed jobs - he moved to a winery. They paid more there. At the enterprise, he offered management one of his first inventions - a folding box. Using such boxes, it was possible to increase the machine load 10 times. However Chief Engineer, patting the inventor on the shoulder, said: “Ivanovich, why the fuck do you and I need this?..”
Baranov has been preparing the release of the first banknote for 6 years
Ideas were constantly swarming in Viktor Ivanovich’s head, but his brilliant mind demanded real action. And since Baranov read a lot, he knew that Soviet money was one of the highest in terms of security levels and it was impossible to counterfeit it... But not Baranov. An application for talent has been found!
To issue his first banknote, Baranov mastered 18 specialties. Having 10 years of education, he studied the entire world experience of printing, paint and paper production. According to the master, for nine years (!) he traveled to Moscow, where he did not leave scientific libraries. There Victor studied books on chemistry and printing. It took Baranov three and a half years to develop his paper and technology for making watermarks. He devoted another two and a half years to developing paints and cliches. As a result, Baranov managed to create his own composition for etching copper, with the help of which a matrix was made - the basis for the imprint of the future banknote. Moreover, instead of five hours as at Goznak, Baranovsky etching lasted two minutes!
Viktor Ivanovich ordered all the parts for numerous machines and machines according to his drawings at various factories. He told everyone that they were needed for the production of jewelry. I assembled all the machines in my barn on Zheleznodorozhnaya Street (now visitors are looking at these rarities Central Museum Ministry of Internal Affairs in Moscow).
First batch
The master took the first batch of his masterpieces - seventy fifty-ruble bills - to Krasnodar, exchanged them and did not make them again. They were too simple to make. The most difficult note to execute was the 25 ruble banknote. She became the pinnacle of Baranov’s creation...
At this very time, hundreds of artists, chemists, printers and photographers were working in the fifteen-story building of the Goznak Research Institute. And then, out of the blue, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB fell on printing specialists - counterfeit “quarters” began to circulate around the country.
Experts who conducted a scientific examination of the fakes stated that creating such technology using a homemade method is impossible. The Ministry of Internal Affairs investigators had two options: either financial sabotage was carried out by some foreign power, or the matrices and technologies were stolen from the Goznak plant.
For a whole year, there were inquiries about how and who managed to take possession of the matrices. The result is zero. Only a year later, experts erased upper layer paint and found under it, on the bill, a small inappropriate stroke. The factory breathed a sigh of relief - the matrices are not ours! The version of the organs was collapsing before our eyes. Then the EMVA officers took on the regions.
He was detained with a suitcase of money
Gradually, counterintelligence officers and the police reached the Stavropol Territory - it was here that counterfeit, and at the same time practically real, banknotes had the greatest circulation. Special squads checked all people, without exception, exchanging twenty-five ruble bills. All sellers of markets and shops were warned: if suspicion arises, contact the police.
On his fateful day, April 12, 1977, Viktor Ivanovich arrived in the city of Cherkessk with a whole suitcase of money. At the market, he offered an elderly Adyghe man to exchange two twenty-five ruble bills. The elder turned out to be vigilant and reported Baranov’s request to the police.
The protocol stated that the detained Viktor Baranov, a resident of the city of Stavropol, had with him a large amount of money in 25 ruble bills... It is noteworthy that Baranov drove the outfit to the Circassian police department in his car.
At the police station, the detainee himself admitted to the pale investigator: “I am the one you are looking for!” Soon, an escort of five cars with sirens and flashing lights turned on was rushing towards Stavropol. And on the desks of Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev and Minister of Internal Affairs Shchelokov, reports were laid that the counterfeiter had been caught.
At first, no one could believe that some self-taught artisan in a barn could make real money. They flew to Stavropol for an investigative experiment highest ranks Ministry of Internal Affairs. And only when the machine produced a twenty-five-ruble bill printed on plain paper did they finally believe it was him.
« A socially dangerous genius was jailed for 12 years
In the Butyrka prison, the “Stavropol printer” was in great demand. A general from the Ministry of Internal Affairs came to him and took consultations. He brought a whole bunch of counterfeit banknotes and asked how they were made and how to get on the trail of the counterfeiters. However, these crude fakes could not be compared with Baranov’s works.
The chief technologist of Goznak communicated most with the master. It was to him that Baranov revealed the secret of copper etching and his “handicraft technology.”
Baranov answered questions honestly and even offered the technologist his development of a pencil, the stroke of which would identify a fake. He was told that there was a special machine and the state would somehow manage without his ideas (exactly three months later, the Americans released their own similar identification pencil. - V.V.).
Conversations with the chief technologist ended with the resolution: “... very smart and very dangerous for society.” Science officials did not need a person who could replace an entire institute. The verdict was delivered: Viktor Ivanovich was given 12 years in prison.
In the zone, the king of counterfeits was almost killed
Once in the Pyatigorsk distribution center, Baranov almost said goodbye to his life. The wolf's law ruled here. For several days the masters beat me just like that, because there was nothing to do.
But Viktor Ivanovich remembers with pride the seven years spent in the ITK of the city of Dimitrovgrad, in the Ulyanovsk region. He pulled all the artistic activities on himself. The management of the ITK was delighted with Baranov’s presentation. At a performance, a giant painted barge could float onto the stage, pulled by ropes by prison barge haulers, and behind the stage the choir would say, “Oh, little club, let’s whoop!”
After serving most of his sentence, Baranov was exiled to a settlement in the Ural village of Kolva, not far from Solikamsk. Here, too, he never ceased to amaze people. The maestro painted a huge portrait of Lenin assembled from fragments. Each shield, and there were 18 of them, barely fit in his wretched little room. Residents of the village did not believe that when they collected the “pieces of the leader”, the mosaic would match. However, Ilyich coincided to within a millimeter! Soon a portrait measuring four by nine meters towered over Kolva and was visible from several kilometers away.
Housework
Upon returning to Stavropol, Viktor Ivanovich organized his own company. He began producing women's perfumes and linen fragrances made from natural oils. However, when the market was filled with Chinese consumer goods, the work withered. Then he introduced the world to fire-resistant car paint, which retained its color even in acid, but again brilliant inventions Nobody was interested in Baranov...
Knowing about Baranov’s past, he is occasionally approached with a request to forge a seal or ID. However, Baranov gave up crime. To my question, which modern banknotes are the most secure, he answered this way:
All banknotes are ours and state ones - aerobatics! But everything that is created by a person can be repeated by another person.
By the mid-70s, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB came to the conclusion that a gang of counterfeiters was operating in the country. Around 500 counterfeit large banknotes were seized throughout the Union. High Quality. Versions have emerged: they are printed in the USA, or the attackers colluded with Goznak employees.
On April 12, 1977, Viktor Baranov was detained by police at the collective farm market in Cherkessk while trying to change a 25-ruble bill. He had 77 more such banknotes with him. When Baranov was asked who he was, he replied: “I am a counterfeiter!”
From the very beginning, Victor did not hide anything from the investigation. He willingly showed investigators his barn and described in detail the technology for producing counterfeits. At first, experts did not believe that he did everything alone. But investigative experiments confirmed: Baranov did not need accomplices.
Finally, Baranov’s talent was recognized! One of his inventions was later even introduced at Goznak. But the inventor himself ended up in Butyrka prison. By the way, while awaiting trial, he wrote recommendations for the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs on improving the protection of Soviet money.
Baranov refused to defend himself during the trial. He completely sincerely admitted to what he had done. It was established that the “inventor” printed about 30,000 rubles, but not most of These funds were put into circulation by him.
For cooperation with the investigation, Viktor Baranov was sentenced to a relatively mild punishment - 12 years in prison. Actually for making counterfeit money the death penalty was imposed on a large scale...
In 1990, Viktor Ivanovich Baranov was released from prison. Having decided to start life with clean slate, a former prisoner took up entrepreneurship - he founded a perfume manufacturing company, remarried, and also continued to invent.
On April 12, 1977, at the collective farm market in Cherkessk, a young man approached an Adyghe seller with a request to exchange two 25 ruble bills. At another time, the merchant might have fulfilled this request, but just the day before, police officers warned market regulars about the need to report all such cases.
The merchant politely refused, and as soon as the man left him, he hurried to the policemen on duty at the market. They caught up with the unknown man and checked his documents. They turned out okay: Baranov Viktor Ivanovich, born in 1941, resident of Stavropol. But when the man was asked to show the contents of the briefcase he was in his hands, almost 2,000 rubles were found in it in brand new 25-ruble bills.
Baranov was taken to the department, where when asked who he was, the man calmly replied: “I am a counterfeiter!” This is how the name of the most brilliant manufacturer of counterfeit money in the entire history of the Soviet Union became known.
Excellent student, artist, party leader's driver
Viktor Baranov fell in love with money as a child, but not at all in the sense that most citizens put into this expression. The boy collected a collection of old banknotes, which seemed to him to be real works of art. Vitya was interested in how they were made, but things didn’t go further than simple curiosity.
Victor studied well at school, attended art school, painted pictures and made excellent copies of painting masterpieces, such as, for example, “Morning in a Pine Forest” Shishkina.
After seventh grade, Victor went to Rostov-on-Don to study at construction school. Within a year, he mastered the specialty of a parquet carpenter and wanted to become a pilot. He started parachuting at the flying club and made several jumps. Baranov wanted to go serve in the Airborne Forces, but his mother dissuaded him from this intention. As a result, having completed the DOSAAF driving course, conscript service Viktor Baranov served in the automobile battalion.
The profession of a driver turned out to be a good choice - Baranov subsequently got a job in the garage of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the CPSU, driving top officials of the region, including the future Secretary General of the party, and then the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev. Moreover, this happened at a time when Baranov was already working hard to create his own technology for producing money.
“I was one hundred percent sure that nothing would work out”
But we got ahead of ourselves a little. Viktor Baranov’s bright head was always full of ideas. After the army, he many times offered various improvements and inventions to various enterprises. He was praised, but his proposals were not implemented in life.
A rather strange situation developed in the USSR - on the one hand, the state in every possible way promoted the activities of inventors and innovators, but at the same time most of their projects remained “dead weight”. Enterprises focused on fulfilling the plan did not want to waste time making any changes to production technologies, fearing that this would lead to a temporary decrease in the rate of production.
Baranov was offended by the lack of demand for his own ideas. And then, for the sake of self-affirmation, he decided to take up the development of a technology that he had been interested in since childhood - the production of banknotes.
“When I started making money, I was one hundred percent sure that nothing would work out. But it was interesting to test my capabilities,” he recalled many years later.
The task was actually very difficult. Today, information about various technologies can be found on the Internet, but half a century ago the World Wide Web did not exist. Baranov went to the library in search of the necessary literature, but there was no necessary books on such a sensitive issue.
But the inventor was stubborn and persistent. Necessary information he got it bit by bit, made a special trip to Moscow, to the library named after. Lenin, to study the printed literature available there. In Stavropol, he visited the printing house of the Stavropolskaya Pravda publishing house, where he saw a letterpress cliche.
The inventor developed the technology for producing rubles for 12 years
Baranov was an absolute unique person, completely unlike the artisans who draw banknotes almost with pencils on their knees. Theoretical preparation and experiments took him 12 years. During this time he professional level mastered the specialties of a printer, artist, photographer, chemist, and engraver. He managed to master the most complex technology for producing paper with watermarks, and Baranov’s products turned out to be of higher quality than Goznak’s products, and the inventor had to deliberately worsen the quality so that his banknotes would not be conspicuous.
He created a laboratory in the barn of his own house. Neighbors visited there periodically and did not see anything suspicious - Baranov hid the most important parts of his equipment in disassembled form under the shelves.
In 1974 printing press Viktor Baranov was launched into working mode. His first products were about fifty 50-ruble bills. The counterfeiter put them into circulation and became convinced that the majority did not distinguish his products from those produced by Goznak.
After this, Baranov began producing 25 ruble banknotes. He explained this decision to the investigators as follows: a 50-ruble note was inferior in terms of security to a 25-ruble note, and he was not interested in profit, but in mastering production techniques.
Soon Baranov achieved his goal - his 25 ruble bills became almost indistinguishable from real ones and were easily sold to him in the markets.
According to the counterfeiter's calculations, he needed 30,000 rubles for this.
The intelligence services suspected the CIA and Goznak employees
He exchanged his products in the markets, receiving Goznak banknotes in his hands. Baranov gave his wife only “state” money for expenses.
No matter how good the inventor’s banknotes were, employees of the State Bank of the USSR managed to establish that we were talking about a fake, albeit of the highest quality.
By 1977, 46 counterfeit banknotes of fifty-ruble denominations and 415 counterfeit banknotes of twenty-five rubles were discovered throughout the country.
The case was taken under special control. Special attention was addressed to Goznak employees - a suspicion arose that one of the professionals might be involved in the production of banknotes. Another version suggested that the stuffing of a large batch of banknotes was a CIA special operation to undermine the economy of the Soviet Union.
Soviet detectives knew how to work. At first it was established that all fakes have a single source of origin. Then it became clear that the center of production was Stavropol, where the largest number of counterfeits were discovered.
The ring around Viktor Baranov was shrinking, and, what’s most surprising, he knew about it. As a freelance employee of the OBKhSS, he took operatives on raids Alexandra Nikolchenko And Yuri Baranov, who at that time were already searching for the “gang of counterfeiters.” But, as Viktor Baranov claimed, he did not intend to ask the police about the details of the search, considering it unacceptable to “use friendly relations in one’s favor.”
By April 1977, the counterfeiter decided that it was time to curtail his activities. He dismantled the equipment, intending to take it around the outskirts of Stavropol and scatter it in the swamps. But an unsuccessful attempt to sell a few more banknotes in Cherkessk prevented these plans.
“Cash notes are close to genuine and difficult to identify.”
After Baranov’s arrest, investigators refused to believe that he had established money production alone. It was believed that the former driver of the regional party committee was a small fry who took everything upon himself in order to shield the “gang leaders.”
But after a printing press of an original design was found in the barn at his home, as well as five notebooks describing many years of research, Baranov was taken more seriously.
A group of experts flew from Moscow to Stavropol, in front of whose eyes he created watermarks on paper, rolled letterpress and intaglio printing, cut the sheet and applied the treasury number with a numberer.
The experts flew back to Moscow with Baranov, who, once in the capital’s pre-trial detention center, spoke a lot and willingly about his developments and technologies. Head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR Nikolai Shchelokov I received a 10-page letter from him with recommendations on how to protect money from counterfeiting.
Baranov also talked with a Goznak technologist, who issued the following conclusion: “The counterfeit banknotes of 25 and 50 rubles produced by V.I. Baranov are externally close to genuine banknotes and are difficult to identify in circulation. That is why this counterfeit was very dangerous and could cause distrust of the population in genuine banknotes.”
It is unlikely that the technologist was delighted with Baranov - it is unpleasant to realize that you, who has the capabilities of an entire state behind him, can be defeated by a self-taught person with a laboratory in an old barn. Nevertheless, part of the original developments of “counterfeiter No. 1” was then introduced at Goznak.
In prison, Baranov led amateur performances
In the Soviet Union, producing counterfeit money was considered a serious crime, and many counterfeiters paid for it with their lives. This fate could well have befallen Viktor Baranov.
But the court took into account everything - the fact that Baranov cooperated with the investigation, and the fact that he acted alone, and not as part of a criminal group, and the fact that the volumes of banknotes produced were relatively small (33,454 rubles, of which 23 were sold 525 rubles).
As a result, Viktor Baranov was sentenced to 12 years in prison.
In the correctional labor colony of the city of Dimitrovgrad, Baranov was in charge of amateur performances, which regularly took first place in competitions among similar institutions.
When most of the sentence had passed, the counterfeiter was transferred to serve the remainder of his sentence in the Ural village of Kolva, not far from Solikamsk. Here he surprised everyone by creating unique portrait Lenin measuring four by nine meters, which was visible for several kilometers.
In 1990, Viktor Baranov returned to Stavropol. The country was changing, and the inventor, paying tribute to the times, went into business - producing women's perfumes and fragrances for linen from natural oils. Baranov’s products were original and of high quality, but they could not withstand competition with cheap Chinese consumer goods.
“You can print dollars as easily as brewing coffee”
Journalists who periodically come to Baranov always ask the question: why didn’t he go abroad, where, thanks to his developments, he could legally earn millions. The inventor shrugs his shoulders in response and says that he was never interested in money as such. Their only value lies in the ability to invent something new.
An amazing thing, but also new Russia Victor Baranov's inventions were most often dismissed. His technologies seemed too sophisticated and abstruse to businessmen seeking to make a profit here and now.
Once Baranov was asked why, given his talent, he only made Soviet rubles and not American dollars. The main counterfeiter of the USSR grinned and replied that he was simply not interested: “Dollars can be printed at home as easy as brewing coffee.”
After the revolution, the new communist government had to build the system of power anew. This is objective, because the very essence of power and its social sources. How Lenin and his comrades succeeded, we will look at in this article.
Formation of a system of power
Note that in the first stages of development of the new state, in the conditions Civil War The Bolsheviks had certain problems in the process of forming government bodies. The reasons for this phenomenon are both objective and subjective. Firstly, many settlements during the fighting they often came under the control of the White Guards. Secondly, people's trust in new government was weak at first. And most importantly, none of the new government officials had experience in
What is SNK?
The system of supreme power had more or less stabilized by the time the USSR was founded. The state at that time was officially governed by the Council people's commissars. SNK is supreme body executive and administrative power in the USSR. Actually we're talking about about the government. Under this name the organ officially existed from July 6, 1923 to March 15, 1946. Due to the impossibility of holding elections and convening parliament, at first the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR also had the functions legislative branch. Even this fact tells us that there is no democracy in Soviet period did not have. The combination of the executive and in the hands of one body speaks of the dictatorship of the party.
This body had a clear structure and hierarchy of positions. Council of People's Commissars - which made decisions unanimously or by majority vote during its meetings. As already noted, by type of organ executive power The USSR of the interwar period is very similar to modern governments.
Headed by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. In 1923, the state was officially headed by V.I. Lenin. The structure of the body provided for the positions of Deputy Chairmen. There were 5 of them. Unlike modern structure governments, where there is a First Deputy Prime Minister and three or four ordinary Deputy Prime Ministers, there was no such division. Each of the deputies supervised separate direction work of the SNK. This had a beneficial effect on the work of the body and the situation in the country, because it was in those years (from 1923 to 1926) that the NEP policy was carried out most effectively.
In its activities, the Council of People's Commissars tried to cover all spheres of the economy, economy, as well as the humanitarian direction. Such conclusions can be drawn by analyzing the list of People's Commissariats of the USSR in the 1920s:
Internal Affairs;
On agricultural issues;
The People's Commissariat of Defense was called "for military and naval affairs";
Commercial and industrial direction;
Public education;
Finance;
Foreign Affairs;
People's Commissariat of Justice;
The People's Commissariat, which oversaw the food sector (especially important, provided the population with food);
People's Commissariat of Railway Communications;
On national issues;
In the field of printing.
Most of the areas of activity of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, formed almost 100 years ago, remain in the sphere of interests of modern governments, and some (for example, the sphere of the press) were especially relevant then, because only with the help of leaflets and newspapers could propaganda of communist ideas be carried out.
Regulatory acts of the SNK
After the revolution, she took on the right to publish both ordinary and emergency documents. What is the decree of the Council of People's Commissars? In the understanding of lawyers, this is a decision of an official or a collegial body made in the conditions of In the understanding of the leadership of the USSR, decrees are important documents that laid the foundations for relations in certain sectors of the country's life. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR received the authority to issue decrees under the 1924 Constitution. Having familiarized ourselves with the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, we see that documents with this name are no longer mentioned there. In history, the most famous decrees of the Council of People's Commissars are: on land, on peace, on the separation of state and church.
The text of the last pre-war Constitution no longer talks about decrees, but about the right of the Council of People's Commissars to issue resolutions. The Council of People's Commissars lost its legislative function. All power in the country passed to the party leaders.
The Council of People's Commissars is a body that existed until 1946. Later it was renamed the Council of Ministers. The system of organizing power, set out on paper in a document of 1936, was almost ideal at that time. But we understand perfectly well that this was all only official.
Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (Sovnarkom of the RSFSR, Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR)- the name of the government until 1946. The Council consisted of people's commissars who led the people's commissariats (People's Commissariats, NK). After its formation, a similar body was created at the union level
Story
The Council of People's Commissars (CPC) was formed in accordance with the "Decree on the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars", adopted by the II All-Russian Congress Councils of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies October 27, 1917. Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Central Committee also instructed Winter (Berzin) to enter into political contact with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and begin negotiations with them on the composition of the government. During the Second Congress of Soviets, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries were offered to join the government, but they refused. The factions of the right Socialist Revolutionaries left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government. The name "Council of People's Commissars" was proposed: Power in St. Petersburg was won. We need to form a government.
- What to call him? - reasoned out loud. Just not ministers: this is a vile, worn-out name.
“We could be commissars,” I suggested, but now there are too many commissars. Perhaps high commissioners? No, “supreme” sounds bad. Is it possible to say “folk”?
- People's Commissars? Well, that'll probably do. What about the government as a whole?
- Council of People's Commissars?
“The Council of People’s Commissars,” Lenin picked up, “this is excellent: it smells terrible of revolution.” According to the Constitution of 1918, it was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.
The Council of People's Commissars was the highest executive and administrative body of the RSFSR, having full executive and administrative power, the right to issue decrees having the force of law, while combining legislative, administrative and executive functions. The Council of People's Commissars lost the character of a temporary governing body after its dissolution Constituent Assembly, which was legislatively enshrined in the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. Issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were resolved by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the Government, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the manager and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, and representatives of departments. The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was the administration, which prepared issues for meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing commissions, received delegations. The administrative staff in 1921 consisted of 135 people. (according to the data of the TsGAOR USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, pp. 19 - 20.) By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council RSFSR on March 23, 1946. The Council of People's Commissars was transformed into the Council of Ministers.
Activity
According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars are: management common affairs RSFSR, leadership individual industries management (Articles 35, 37) issuing legislative acts and taking measures “necessary for the correct and fast current state life" (Article 38) The People's Commissar has the right to individually make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the Commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45). All adopted resolutions and decisions of the Council of People's Commissars are reported to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Article 39), which has the right to suspend and cancel a resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars (Article 40). Created 17 people's commissariats(in the Constitution this figure is indicated erroneously, since in the list presented in Article 43 there are 18 of them). The following is a list of people's commissariats of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR in accordance with the Constitution of the RSFSR of July 10, 1918:
- For foreign affairs;
- For military affairs;
- For maritime affairs;
- For internal affairs;
- Justice;
- Labor;
- Social Security;
- Enlightenment;
- Posts and telegraphs;
- For Nationalities Affairs;
- For financial matters;
- Communication routes;
- Commerce and Industry;
- Food;
- State control;
- Supreme Council of the National Economy;
- Healthcare.
At every people's commissar and under his chairmanship a collegium is formed, the members of which are approved by the Council of People's Commissars (Article 44). With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body state power RF. The organization, composition, competence and procedure for the activities of the Council of People's Commissars were determined by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1925. at this moment The composition of the Council of People's Commissars was changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to allied departments. 11 people's commissariats were established:
- Domestic trade;
- Labor;
- Finance;
- Internal Affairs;
- Justice;
- Enlightenment;
- Healthcare;
- Agriculture;
- Social Security;
- VSNKh.
The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR now included, with the right of a decisive or advisory vote, representatives of the USSR People's Commissariats under the Government of the RSFSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR allocated, in turn, a permanent representative to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. (according to information from the SU, 1924, N 70, art. 691.) Since February 22, 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR have a single Administration. (based on materials from the TsGAOR USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 5, l. 8.) With the introduction of the Constitution of the RSFSR on January 21, 1937, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was accountable only to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and in the period between its sessions - to the Presidium of the Supreme Council RSFSR. Since October 5, 1937, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR has included 13 people's commissariats (data from the Central State Administration of the RSFSR, f. 259, op. 1, d. 27, l. 204.):
- Food Industry;
- Light industry;
- Forestry industry;
- Agriculture;
- Grain state farms;
- Livestock farms;
- Finance;
- Domestic trade;
- Justice;
- Healthcare;
- Enlightenment;
- Local industry;
- Utilities;
- Social Security.
Also included in the Council of People's Commissars is the Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR and the head of the Department of Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.