Heroes of bygone times: Security is not a decree for the Secretary General. Part 1/V January 15th, 2016
Mikhail and Raisa Gorbachev surrounded by guards at Place de la Bastille in Paris. Photo: Laurent Rebours/AP
How Mikhail Gorbachev was left without people loyal to him
9th Directorate of the KGB: 1985–1992
A study of the history of personal security in the USSR reveals a clear trend: if those attached to the guards developed a good relationship, then they remained faithful to him to the end, even after his death. And vice versa: arrogance, pickiness and ingratitude in dealing with personal security officers could, at a difficult moment, leave the leader of a huge country alone with his problems and enemies.
“I will come here in a year”
On November 15, 1982, a farewell ceremony took place in the Column Hall of the House of Unions of the USSR. last way Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. On this day, a significant tradition was established for all those present in the main mourning hall of the country. The first from the “special zone” to the coffin of the deceased Secretary General The Central Committee of the CPSU was his successor. Everyone present, without exception, was waiting for this moment with the deepest trepidation. Including the leaders of the leading powers of the world, who considered it necessary to personally come to the funeral of the head of the Soviet state.
The funeral of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov took place on February 14, 1984. They were attended by George Bush (senior), then vice president of the United States, and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Both of them were present in the Hall of Columns that day. At that event, the current president of NAST Russia, Dmitry Fonarev, was responsible for meeting distinguished guests at the special entrance of the House of Unions and for escorting them to the farewell site in the Hall of Columns. According to him, Margaret Thatcher, seeing that the first of open door Konstantin Chernenko appeared in the opposite corner of the hall from her (the head of his security group was Viktor Ladygin), and said to his entourage: “I will come here again in a year.”
And so it happened: Thatcher fulfilled her promise on March 13, 1985, and this time she saw that the first to come out of the “sacred” room to the coffin of Konstantin Chernenko - exactly came out, and did not appear, like his predecessor - Mikhail Gorbachev (chief of security - Nikolai Zemlyansky).
To give the reader the opportunity to better understand the scale of such mourning events, it is enough to tell how much work fell on the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR during these four sad days for the country.
Thus, at the invitation of the CPSU Central Committee, leaders of 35 countries arrived at Brezhnev’s funeral. The number of delegations represented by other persons was up to 170. Each head foreign country It was mandatory to provide security from officers of the 18th department and the main GON vehicle. Delegations top level from socialist countries were provided with accommodation in state mansions, the rest were housed in their embassies and representative offices.
In exactly the same way, according to the security plans drawn up for the funeral of Joseph Stalin, the rest of the mourning events took place.
Personnel
By 1985, the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR was a superbly streamlined system that fully met the requirements of the era. IN general outline its basic structure can be described as follows:
1st department - personal security:
18th (reserve) squad
security departments for each protected person
2nd department - counterintelligence (internal security service)
4th department - engineering and construction
The 5th department united three departments:
1st department - security of the Kremlin and Red Square
2nd department - protection of travel routes
3rd department - protection of urban residences of protected persons
6th department - special kitchen
The 7th department united two departments:
1st department - security of country houses
2nd department - security of state houses on Lengory
8th department - economic
Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin:
Commandant's Office of the 14th Corps of the Kremlin
Kremlin Regiment
Commandant's office for the protection of the buildings of the CPSU Central Committee on Old Square
Commandant's Office for the Protection of Buildings of the Council of Ministers
Special purpose garage
Human Resources Department
Department of Service and Combat Training (Department Headquarters)
The personnel of the 9th Directorate numbered just over 5,000 people, including officers, employees (warrant officers) and civilians. Candidates for the positions of department employees underwent a standard six-month personnel check through the KGB of the USSR and then a “young fighter course” at the special training center “Kupavna”. According to the established procedure, officers were allowed to work in the 1st department, with a few exceptions, who had worked exemplarily in the department for at least three years. Attached - heads of security groups, as a rule, were appointed from officers of the 18th department with at least ten years of experience.
The first department was headed by a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Major General Nikolai Pavlovich Rogov, whom the officers called the White General with love and respect - for his noble gray hair. Nikolai Rogov was replaced legendary Mikhail Vladimirovich Titkov, who passed his entire professional path from ensign to general it is in the “nine”.
In fact, by the mid-1980s, the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR was a powerful and tough centralized system, the head of which had direct access to the head of state. At the same time, he had at his “disposal” the entire power of both the KGB and the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. As for the army, the Minister of Defense was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee and therefore was also guarded by officers of the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. At the same time, the officers attached to the USSR Minister of Defense worked in the military uniform of majors - this corresponded to their ranks in the KGB, and one can imagine how many curious situations arose in their work when they indicated the proper place to multi-star army generals...
Security officer of the USSR KGB at his post. Photo: Nikolay Malyshev /TASS
14th Department of the 1st Department of the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR
From the day of the death of Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, the leadership of the “nine” began literally emergency work to recruit personnel for the security group of the newly appointed General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev. The traditional source of personnel for the entire 1st department was its 18th department, which at that time was headed by Vladimir Timofeevich Medvedev.
It was necessary to find a person who, in accordance with his professional experience, would be able to lead main group protection and at the same time both by age and by human qualities would suit the Gorbachev couple. Precisely the couple, not the spouse. The head of the “nine”, Yuri Sergeevich Plekhanov, understood this very well. The candidacy of Vladimir Timofeevich was perfect. It remained to decide on the number and quality of officers for the traveling security of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. This work was entrusted to the leadership of the 1st department and the personnel department of the “nine”.
Since new Soviet leader, unlike the previous ones, was a man active age, dynamic, the requirements for personnel field security department, which has already received its own separate - 14th - number. These requirements were formed not by the guard himself, as is commonly believed in wide circles, but by the head of the 9th Directorate, Yuri Plekhanov, and the head of the security group itself, Vladimir Medvedev.
The backbone of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev's traveling security was made up of officers who already had experience working with top officials of the state. They were joined by young officers of the 18th department with sports qualifications (primarily in hand-to-hand combat), who passed not only strict personnel checks, but also possessed the necessary intellectual and external data.
The full composition of the security group of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for the period from 1985 to 1992:
Medvedev Vladimir Timofeevich, head of department, senior attached officer;
Golentsov Boris Ivanovich, attached officer;
Goryachikh Evgeniy, attached officer;
Zemlyansky Nikolay, attached officer;
Klimov Oleg, attached officer;
Lifanichev Yuri Nikolaevich, attached officer;
Osipov Alexander, attached officer;
Pestov Valery Borisovich, attached officer;
Semkin Vyacheslav, commandant of the security group;
Belikov Andrey;
Voronin Vladimir;
Golev Alexander;
Golubkov-Yagodkin Evgeniy;
Goman Sergey;
Grigoriev Evgeniy;
Grigoriev Mikhail;
Zubkov Mikhail;
Ivanov Vladimir;
Klepikov Alexander;
Makarov Yuri;
Malin Nikolay;
Reshetov Evgeniy;
Samoilov Valery;
Tektov Nikolay;
Feduleyev Vyacheslav.
The head of security and the guard already knew each other. In the summer of 1984, Medvedev was assigned to accompany Gorbachev’s wife, Raisa Maksimovna, on a trip to Bulgaria. At the same time, he was quite transparently hinted that the order could greatly influence his future fate. The KGB already knew that the elderly Konstantin Chernenko would be replaced by the young and promising Mikhail Gorbachev. The only question was time. Vladimir Medvedev passed his “exam” in Bulgaria successfully.
At first, Vladimir Timofeevich was very pleased with the new service. Working with the energetic and young Gorbachev seemed much more interesting than working with the ailing Brezhnev. Yes, and Raisa Maksimovna initially impressed him good impression. But the joy was short-lived.
The material was prepared under the editorship of
National Association of Bodyguards (NAST) of Russia
Also, for assistance in preparing the article, “Russian Planet” thanks
Evgeniy Georgievich Grigoriev, Vyacheslav Georgievich Naumov
and Alexander Mikhailovich Soldatov
I suppose in the circles of the intelligentsia special interest was caused by the article by Leonid Mlechin published in Novaya Gazeta “The State Security Committee has...” (see No. 98 of September 6 this year) - about the Directorate “to combat the ideological sabotage of the enemy” created 50 years ago in the KGB of the USSR. In practice it was secret political police, which punished dissent and dissidents. That is, they could have been jailed for telling a joke. As academician Nikolai Nikolaevich Pokrovsky told me (6 years in Dubrovlag for participating in an underground Marxist circle), a photographer who photographed in hometown not the most, let's say, presentable areas. His sentence read: “Photographing fictitious facts.”
In Leonid Mlechin’s article, a phrase from the security officers’ report caught my eye: “Applicants entering the M. Gorky Literary Institute were checked, and several people were not allowed to take the exams - they received compromising materials.”
That is, the guys had a dream - to get into the legendary Herzen House, into the Literary Institute, the only one in the USSR. We passed the creative competition and arrived. But they weren’t given it at the interview exam papers. No explanation. They sent him on his way. They put me in a humiliating position in front of my friends for years to come. After all, there, in their towns, something needs to be explained. Dobro would not have scored the required points according to the results of the entrance exams... But what can you say?
Therefore, let's define clear boundaries of the conversation. So as not to spread. The disposition is:
- there were students of the Literary Institute, writers - obviously suspected of deviations from the ideological line;
— there were people in uniform watching them, called upon to stop them and prevent damage to the Motherland.
And let's move on to statistics.
As far as I know, from 1960 to 1991, before the collapse of the USSR, not a single graduate of the Literary Institute or writer was convicted under Article 64 of the Criminal Code “Treason to the Motherland.” There were defectors. The most famous is Anatoly Kuznetsov, a graduate of the Literary Institute, executive secretary of the Tula branch of the Writers' Union. He remained in London in 1969. This caused a big scandal. And also Arkady Belinkov (study at the Literary Institute in the 40s, arrest, 12 years in Karlag, amnesty in 1956, stayed abroad in 1968) and Sergei Yurienen (defector 1977).
Others were either expelled or forced to leave. Solzhenitsyn was arrested and... sent by plane to Germany. Those who went abroad were Joseph Brodsky, Georgy Vladimov, Vladimir Maksimov, Viktor Nekrasov, Vasily Aksenov, Sergei Dovlatov, Vladimir Voinovich (at one time he was not accepted into the Literary Institute), Naum Korzhavin (entered the Literary Institute in 1945, in 1947 arrested and sent into exile, rehabilitated in 1956, reinstated at the Literary Institute and graduated in 1959), Anatoly Gladilin (studied at the Literary Institute in 1954-1958). We especially note: all of them are civilians, they did not take the military oath, and, in principle, there was and is nothing criminal in their departure to another country.
Did our Motherland feel better because of their departure (expulsion)? Or, on the contrary, has the Motherland lost something? The issue is under discussion. But the facts are indisputable.
Let's take the stronghold of the state (as is commonly believed) - the KGB, the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff (GRU, military intelligence), foreign intelligence (until 1991 - the First Main Directorate of the KGB) and other similar services. All of the following persons took an oath, they were all accused and convicted (in person or in absentia) under the article “Treason to the Motherland.”
Major General of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense D. Polyakov was a CIA agent for more than 20 years, surrendered 19 Soviet illegal intelligence officers and 150 foreign agents.
Employee military intelligence N. Chernov handed over thousands of documents to the CIA about the activities of our stations in the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland.
KGB captain Yu. Nosenko handed over several double agents, and also confirmed information about listening devices at the US Embassy.
Foreign intelligence colonel Hero of the Soviet Union A. Kulak gave the FBI information about KGB agents in New York.
Foreign intelligence captain O. Lyalin completely exposed the intelligence network in Great Britain.
Foreign intelligence illegal Yu. Loginov worked as a double agent for the CIA.
Foreign Intelligence Colonel O. Gordievsky... Well, everyone knows him; in the West they call him “the second largest British intelligence agent in the ranks of the Soviet special services.”
Who's the first? Of course, Colonel of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense Oleg Penkovsky. He is considered the most effective agent of the West, and the volume and importance of his information is exceptional in the entire history of enemy intelligence actions against the USSR.
Postcard with encrypted text from the court case of Soviet military intelligence colonel Oleg Penkovsky
Military-technical intelligence: Lieutenant Colonel V. Vetrov, S. Illarionov, Colonel V. Konoplev.
KGB: Major V. Sheymov, Lieutenant V. Makarov, Deputy Chief of the Moscow Directorate of the KGB, Major S. Vorontsov, counterintelligence officer V. Yurchenko, Major M. Butkov, Senior Lieutenant A. Semenov, B. Stashinsky, A. Oganesyan, N. Grigoryan.
Military intelligence: Lieutenant Colonel P. Popov, Colonel S. Bokhan, counterintelligence officer Western group troops V. Lavrentiev, Lieutenant Colonel V. Baranov, Major A. Chebotarev, E. Sorokin, Major A. Filatov, Colonel G. Smetanin, N. Petrov.
Foreign intelligence: Major A. Golitsyn, Major S. Levchenko, Major V. Rezun, employee of the apparatus of the Soviet military attaché in Hungary V. Vasiliev, employee of the Washington station I. Kochnov, Lieutenant Colonel O. Morozov, Colonel V. Oshchenko, Lieutenant Colonel L. Poleshchuk, Lieutenant Colonel B Yuzhin, station officer in Morocco A. Bogaty, Lieutenant Colonel V. Martynov, Colonel L. Zemenek, Major S. Motorin, Lieutenant Colonel G. Varenik, V. Sakharov, Colonel V. Piguzov, Colonel V. Gundarev, I. Cherpinsky, Lieutenant Colonel V. Fomenko, Lieutenant Colonel E. Runge, Major S. Papushin, Major V. Mitrokhin, Major V. Kuzichkin.
The list is not complete, from publicly available sources, and only for 30 years, from 1960 to 1991. But we can still compare: two graduates of the Literary Institute who remained abroad, several writers who were forced or voluntarily left the USSR, and dozens of graduates of all courses and universities of the KGB, GRU, and the Ministry of Defense, who violated the oath, the sacred military oath to the Motherland, who were convicted of state treason, for working for foreign intelligence services.
And who, one wonders, betrayed the Motherland?
Sergey Baimukhametov -
especially for Novaya
P.S.
In 1989, the 5th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR was renamed the Directorate for the Protection of the Soviet Constitutional System. Now - the 2nd Service of the FSB (Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order and the Fight against Terrorism). For some reason, it is the 2nd Service, as the press reports, that is providing operational support for the “economic” case of director Serebrennikov. “Work on creative unions” continues?
It seems to many that we now know literally everything about the activities of the Soviet intelligence services. On the Internet it is easy to find lists of educational institutions where intelligence officers were trained and continue to be trained; the specifics of undercover work can be read in the memoirs of both those who have retired after long service and those who fled to the West. The feeling is that there are no more secrets left; if not books, then newspaper articles have been written about all aspects of the activities of domestic intelligence services. But one page in the chronicle of the secret war will not open soon - the one that tells about the 13th department, which was engaged in sabotage activities and murders. The correspondent of “Our Version” tried to at least slightly lift the veil lowered over the most secret unit Soviet intelligence.
Very little is known about the department involved in the liquidation of unwanted persons on the territory of the USSR and abroad. There is some information in the memoirs of KGB officers who fled to the West. A little more information was obtained thanks to the secret service officers who got into conversation in their old age and found themselves in the territory of the former Soviet republics. Many of these people felt abandoned to their fate and, no longer feeling obligated to keep Soviet-era secrets, shared them with journalists.
You and I will never know the whole truth: according to the decree of the President of Russia of January 14, 1992 “On the protection of state secrets Russian Federation“All documentation relating to the activities of the “retaliation department” is classified for 75 years. Our material is based on the author’s conversations with several former high-ranking KGB officers who, by the will of fate, lived to last years life in Crimea, as well as on the memoirs of the special services historian and writer Georgy Seversky, author of the well-known “Adjutant of His Excellency.”
The dropout rate was quite large: as a rule, no more than 50% of graduates fully coped with the task. Many of those who perfectly mastered the theory simply physically could not kill a person. Naturally, such people were not fired from the KGB; they were simply assigned other work.
Until the early 90s, the West did not even imagine that the State Security Committee had an entire department whose tasks included murder and other acts of intimidation and retribution. It was, of course, known that the Soviet special services were engaged in the physical elimination of undesirables. But no one could have imagined that this was being done by a specialized structure, which included educational establishments, a huge staff of scientific, technical, medical and other services.
The KGB major Oleg Lyalin, who left for the West in September 1971, told the world about the 13th department. The officer fled from the London station, fearing exposure and reprisals. By his own admission, he was shocked by Oleg Kalugin’s story about how the famous defector Oleg Penkovsky actually passed away. The traitor was allegedly not shot, but burned alive in the crematorium oven.
In fact, Lyalin was by no means a timid man: a specialist in hand-to-hand combat, an excellent sniper and parachutist, he was all conscious life was engaged in the physical elimination of opponents of the Soviet regime, mainly in Western countries. Lyalin himself said that he had the opportunity to eliminate more than a dozen people. At that time, Lyalin was listed in department “B” (“Retribution”) of the First Main Directorate (PGU) of the KGB of the USSR, which was formed in 1969 instead of the old 13th department, disbanded after the escape of officers Khokhlov and Stashinsky (the latter is known for his direct participation in the murder of Stepan Bandera).
Why, actually, the 13th? There was a legend about this among the committee members. In total, PSU had 17 departments. From the 1st to the 10th inclusive, as well as the 17th we studied specific countries: some in the USA and Canada, some in Latin America, etc. 11th – connections with the intelligence services of the countries of the socialist camp, with the Romanian Securitate, the German Stasi and others. The 12th was called “veteran”; it employed experts who had several decades of service in the authorities. As a rule, all these people were registered in various research institutes and were considered ordinary scientists in the world. The 14th department was in charge of the development of technical means for carrying out operations: weapons, secret writing, cameras, and poisons and antidotes were prepared there. The 15th department was the archive of the PSU, and the 16th department contained encipherers and decipherers.
On this topic
So, the legend said that the “liquidators” were going to be made the 1st department, but allegedly Yuri Andropov, who was directly related to the formation of the PSU, a man not without humor, offered the saboteurs-murderers the 13th number. They say that evil spirits will protect. But it turned out the other way around: the 13th was considered the most unlucky unit of the PSU, the department had the highest turnover of personnel, and cases of defections became more frequent. In general, the department was disbanded.
The training of killers and saboteurs was taken up by the newly formed department (directorate) “B”, later transformed into the 8th department of department “C” (“Illegal immigrants”). Department “B” had a broader specialization than its predecessor, which behind the back was called the department of mokrushniks. Its functions began to include preparing and carrying out sabotage in various public services, transport and communications facilities within the country and abroad, recruiting especially valuable agents and many other previously unusual functions.
Employee training has become more targeted. The training center in Balashikha was completely reoriented towards their training, and the period of study for a specialist increased from six months to three years. It’s hard to say whether it’s true or not, but the veterans also recalled such a specific moment: all graduates who were supposed to work as “liquidators” in the future had to take “exams.” It was necessary to successfully carry out one liquidation, after which the graduate was considered a full-fledged employee. Operations were carried out both within the USSR and in the West.
The British recruited Oleg Lyalin from Mi-5 about six months before his escape. They recruited him as an ordinary embassy employee, unaware of the special form of his activities. And only after Lyalin conveyed the first information, it became clear who Mi-5 was really dealing with.
The agent reported plans to carry out sabotage in London, Washington, Paris, Bonn, Rome and other capitals of Western states, and also that in almost every European capital employees of department “B” were ordered to “keep at gunpoint” not only individual politicians, businessmen and public figures, but also former defectors, emigrants of the first and second waves, as well as... employees of Soviet embassies and even fellow agents, so that in case of an emergency critical situation eliminate them immediately.
The information shocked the British so much that at first they did not believe it and told their American colleagues about it - something that Mi-5 always did only in special cases. The Americans, in turn, immediately not only offered Lyalin a colonel’s rank and a well-paid position in Langley, but also promised to resolve all issues regarding the relocation of his relatives to the West. Lyalin refused: he had no intention of fleeing to the West, apparently counting on working as long as possible double agent. But my nerves gave way after six months.
The British acquired information that they had not possessed for at least a quarter of a century. Based on the information received from Lyalin, 105 (!) employees of the Soviet embassy, as well as Soviet citizens who were constantly working in the United Kingdom, were expelled from Great Britain. 90 KGB and GRU officers in London were expelled from the country. Another 15 people who were on vacation in the Soviet Union were notified that they were prohibited from returning. Neither before nor after such a large-scale expulsion was carried out.
Moreover, Lyalin spoke about agents recruited by him and his colleagues from among British citizens who could provide support to illegal immigrants from department “B”. Besides English side handed over a list of sabotage organized by us: plans to flood the London Underground, blow up an early warning station about a missile strike in Faylingdale ( North Yorkshire), destruction of V-class strategic bombers on the ground and attacks on other military targets. But that’s something else! Soviet agents, under the guise of messengers and couriers, were supposed to scatter colorless ampoules of poison in newspaper offices, party offices and ministries, which killed everyone who stepped on them.
When it came to granting Lyalin British citizenship, the United Kingdom prosecutor's office informed the House of Commons that the fugitive major had told a lot of useful things about “organizing sabotage on British territory and preparing to eliminate persons who were considered enemies of the USSR.” After Lyalin’s escape, department “B” was again disbanded, and its employees were recalled from foreign residencies in full. An unprecedented event for the KGB.
The department was disbanded, but the training of assassin agents continued. On the basis of the 13th and department (management) “B”, the 8th department of management “C” of the PSU was created. About activities new structure we know even less than about its predecessor units. Perhaps only one of the operations is known, codenamed “Tunnel”. It was held in 1984. Students were entrusted with preparing and carrying out the murders of 10 citizens of Poland, the USSR and Czechoslovakia suspected of spying for the US and Israel.
There has not been such a massive number of murders of those convicted of espionage outside the court protocol in the Soviet Union since the late 40s. Typically, suspects were either immediately arrested, tried and sent to Soviet prisons, or exchanged for captured Soviet agents, or - if they had diplomatic immunity - expelled abroad. But within the framework of the “Tunnel”, it was decided to carry out several demonstrative “liquidations” in order to consolidate the knowledge acquired by the agents in practice.
We selected 12 potential victims convicted of spying for the United States and Israel. The “students” were ordered to liquidate them. As a result, 10 people were killed, and two operating in the USSR managed to escape (they were subsequently arrested, tried and shot). During the operation, one special agent died - he crashed, falling from the roof of a nine-story building.
The Balashikha training center still operates today and now houses a training school for the counter-terrorism department.
“The abbess of St. Michael’s Monastery restored it from ruins, now they want to take it away”
A month has passed since the day Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew informed Patriarch Kirill about granting Ukraine a tomos of autocephaly. Adherents of the “new Ukrainian course” are triumphant. After all, very soon the Ukrainian Orthodox Church will be recognized as equal to the 14 local Orthodox churches of the world. And most importantly, it will become independent from the Russian Orthodox Church. Further events can develop tragically.
Let us clarify that the UOC refers to the UOC of the Kyiv Patriarchate, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and several smaller structures that have joined them.
Based on what he heard from “ordinary believers,” the MK correspondent made a number of conclusions for himself. For example, that those who are not ready to listen to divine services in the language of Taras Shevchenko, in the event of the transfer of “Moscow churches” into “Bandera’s hands,” will go... to the Catacomb Church. Like, we are no strangers; This already happened in Stalin’s and Khrushchev’s godless times.
In this regard, the pro-Russian politician Vasily Volga quotes the call of one very respected priest to his parishioners. This priest calls on the Orthodox “not to react in any way, other than prayer and fasting, to what awaits us all.” An unnamed priest, addressing “the SBU, nationalists, militants and local authorities,” promises to voluntarily give up the keys to Temple of God and do not interfere with his capture.
“Well, they will take the temples,” continues Mr. Volga. - They will take away the monasteries. But they won’t be able to take away our faith. Who will forbid us to gather, even at home, even under open air, and who will forbid our priests to serve us the Liturgy? For the Lord said: “Where two or three are gathered in My Name, there I am in the midst of them”... Even if these devils drive you and me into the catacombs, we should once again remember the words of the Apostle: “Rejoice in the Lord always, and again I say: Rejoice!”
Meanwhile, the all-Ukrainian association “Svoboda,” which tirelessly declares that “Ukrainian nationalism is first of all love,” on September 27 called on compatriots to sign a petition demanding the cancellation of the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine signed by Mykola Azarov in 2013 on the transfer for free use to the Moscow Patriarchate 79 buildings in the center of Kyiv. All buildings are located on the territory of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. As soon as the document collects a sufficient number of signatures and is approved at a session of the City Council (in which nationalists usually “push through” almost all of their projects), the monks will be charged unaffordable sums so that they voluntarily cede the land and buildings of the “correct church” that have belonged to them for centuries.
Even more radical nationalist groups propose, without waiting for the decision of the Kiev City Council to cancel benefits for the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, on October 14, the day of the UPA (banned in the Russian Federation), after the completion of traditional events on Sophia Square, to storm the ancient monastery. And in front of the eyes of the entire civilized world, capture the Lavra.
Similar threats are being made against the inhabitants of the Pochaev Lavra, in connection with which hundreds of Ternopil residents have already shown their readiness to join the ranks of the defenders of the famous monastery, a stronghold of Russian Orthodoxy in Western Ukraine.
It should be recalled: Ukrainian security forces have relatively recent identifying information on each of the potential defenders of the Pechersk and Pochaev Lavras. The databases were updated as recently as July 27th.
On this day, tens of thousands of believers of the UOC-MP come to Kyiv from all regions of Ukraine every year to participate in the procession on the occasion of the celebration of Baptism Day Kievan Rus. In 2018, as participants in the mass procession from Vladimirskaya Gorka to the Pechersk Lavra told an MK correspondent, not a single bus was allowed onto the highway in the direction of Kyiv without police escort. One or two officers "attached" to each Vehicle, first they copied the personal information of each passenger, then - along the way to Kyiv - they had preventive conversations with Orthodox Christians about... the dangers of terrorism.
Believers from the regional center of Narodich were not allowed to leave at all! – the wife of a priest from the Zhytomyr region told MK. – The bus drivers were visited by certain “titushki from Poroshenko” and promised, in case of disobedience, not only to puncture the tires, but also to “beat off their heads.” Imagine: every single believer, using their own money, finally got to Kyiv - by crossroads, by train.
Similar “operational measures” were carried out, according to Archpriest of the Ovruch diocese Oleg Dominsky, with other carrier companies. In particular, the Russian Orthodox believers were denied seats on buses that had been ordered a month and a half before the procession.
When we turned to the carriers,” says father, Oleg, “they hinted to us that the special services were working with them on orders from above...
The archpriest from Ovruch is confident: the Ukrainian government decided to take such measures in order to “create a picture in which there will be visually more supporters of the Kyiv Patriarchate than supporters of the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church.”
Actually, that’s how it happened. Significantly more people came to the Procession of the Cross, organized on July 28 by the UOC-KP, than to the Procession of the Cross of the Moscow Patriarchate. .
Having obtained the passport data of the most active adherents of the UOC-MP, the security forces can now begin to “prevent” each of them individually. So that people do not try to resist in the event of forcible deprivation Orthodox church in favor of a single local church that does not yet exist even on paper.
Abbess Seraphima, abbess of the Odessa St. Michael's Convent, promised to commit an act of collective self-immolation in the event of the forced expulsion of monks from the Pechersk, Pochaev and Svyatogorsk Lavras. “Knowing the mood of each of us,” said Mother, “I can promise: we will not leave on our own, we will defend our shrines until our last breath, it will be possible to carry us out only in coffins.”
Verkhovna Rada deputy from the Petro Poroshenko Bloc faction Dmitry Golubov (known as the most implacable opponent of the governor who served as Odessa region Mikheil Saakashvili) tried to turn what Mother Seraphim said into a joke. And he even showed up at convent for a selfie with her.
Most likely, the politician is not aware of how much effort was spent in the 90s on the restoration of St. Michael's Monastery.
The correspondent of "MK", who at that time worked in the regional newspaper "Banner of Communism" (renamed after the events of 1991 to "Yug"), was preparing for publication passionate correspondence from Nadya Shevchik (this is the worldly name and surname of Mother Seraphim) about the need to invest money in restoration Orthodox shrines, together with her he walked along and across the ruins of a monastery destroyed almost to the ground near the Black Sea. Due to the above circumstances, I perfectly understand and fully share the feelings of the abbess, who recreated the present Abode of Christ from the ruins.
Patriarch of the UOC Kyiv Patriarchate Filaret (in the world Mikhail Denisenko), insisting on the transfer of the Kyiv and Pochaev Lavra to the new Local Church, seriously counts on the post of its head. However, according to several sources in the Phanar, in the Patriarchate of Constantinople, granting Ukraine a tomos of autocephaly and, in a “package” with it, the appointment of Philaret to the highest position is now not even considered as a hypothesis.
The same sentiments seem to be present in the Administration of the President of Ukraine.
Having become at the age of 37 years (!) the Patriarchal Exarch of Ukraine, and 2 years later the youngest of the metropolitans of the Russian Orthodox Church, a native of the Amvrosievsky district Donetsk region appears in senior management Republic "hero of yesterday." And that's the best case scenario.
If in the 90s and in the first half of the 2000s the UOC of the Kyiv Patriarchate did not have a solid “bench of reserves” and Kyiv was forced to give up remote parishes to “disembarked priests” - priests of the Russian Orthodox Church banned from serving (among whom drunkards and homosexuals predominated) - now the personnel composition "Filaret's people" has changed radically. The Patriarch himself - a holder of the Soviet Orders of Friendship of Peoples and the Red Banner of Labor - cannot, according to the opinion of the “toppers,” lead the Local Church also because of cooperation with the KGB of the USSR. In the early 90s, materials of the Commission to investigate the causes and circumstances of the State Emergency Committee were published, which included priest Gleb Yakunin, later a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 1st convocation. At one of the press conferences in the Kiev UNIAN agency, Gleb Pavlovich, in the presence of an MK correspondent, confirmed the data of the work he had done: the current ardent opponent of the FSB, Filaret, is listed in the reports of the Soviet secret agency as an informant under the operational pseudonym “Antonov.”
In response, Filaret recalled: they say that in the USSR not a single bishop was appointed without the consent of the KGB, and he did not have the right to appoint a priest to the parish without the approval of the KGB. To what extent the influence of the SBU will be visible in the new Local Church, one can only guess...
In the history of our special services there were not only heroes, but also traitors who worked in the state security agencies. We can consider them fighters against totalitarianism, as they liked to imagine Soviet defectors Americans during cold war. It can be assumed that they simply decided to make extra money on state secrets. Both are too simple. Somehow former director CIA Helms said: It is unlikely that all these people fled only for ideological reasons or because of money, because the KGB officers were the elite and lived better than anyone else in the USSR. It is likely that they had some psychological problems, this is what prompted them to betray. We will not go into the reasons for these betrayals. Our task is simply to talk about some of them.
Employee of the Intelligence Directorate in Finland A. Smirnov. One of the first Soviet illegal immigrants abroad. At the beginning of 1922, while “at work,” he learned that his younger brother had been shot for belonging to an organization of “economic saboteurs,” and his mother and second brother fled to Brazil. After which he went to the Finnish authorities and handed over all the agents known to him in Finland. A Soviet court sentenced Smirnov to death. Finnish authorities gave him two years in prison. After his imprisonment, Smirnov went to Brazil to visit his relatives.
Employee of the Intelligence Directorate in Austria V. Nesterovich (Yaroslavsky). The first, who remained abroad “due to political disagreements with the authorities.” Was an illegal immigrant in Vienna, coordinated work in the Balkans. After the explosion in Sofia cathedral By order of the Comintern, he decided to break with the GRU and left for Germany. There he managed to contact representatives of British intelligence, after which the Soviets stopped his “anti-Soviet activities.” In August 1925, he was poisoned in a cafe in Mainz.
OGPU agent E. Opperput-Staunitz. He began working for the White Guards in France. In 1927, together with several associates, he crossed the Soviet-Finnish border, intending to blow up houses in Moscow where state security officers lived. The bombings were foiled and Opperput was killed in the shootout.
Cryptographer A. Miller. In May 1927, the British conducted a search in a commercial organization, which, as they found out, was a “roof” for Soviet intelligence. After the search, some of the documents and Miller's cryptographer disappeared. The owner of one of the English left-wing newspapers made a request to parliament about Miller, and he was told that it was undesirable for Great Britain to raise this issue. After the search, part of the Soviet decrypted diplomatic correspondence was published, relations with Soviet Russia torn. And the Soviet Union spent a lot of money to change the entire security system of Soviet missions in England.
OGPU secret agent A. Birger (Maksimov). During Civil War was the head of the army's economic unit, dismissed for embezzlement. He was very lucky to have cousins Blyumkin, who got him into the OGPU (the same Yakov Blyumkin who killed the German Ambassador to Russia Mirbach and almost derailed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, but was forgiven by the security officers). Maksimov was assigned to monitor Stalin’s former secretary B. Bazhanov. But instead he decided to flee to Persia with him. Which is what they did in January 1928. They tried to kill them, but they moved to France. He died in 1935 under strange circumstances, falling from the Eiffel Tower.
Resident of the Foreign Department (INO) in the Middle East Ya. Blumkin. After the unsuccessful Socialist Revolutionary rebellion, he was forgiven by the security officers. He was tasked with organizing a department to combat international espionage. From 1922 he worked in Trotsky's secretariat. Blumkin maintained contact with Trotsky through his son. As the investigation later determined, Blumkin handed over secret materials from the Istanbul OGPU station to Trotsky. He was arrested in 1929 and executed “for repeated betrayal of the cause of the proletarian revolution.”
Illegal foreigner of the NKVD in the Middle East G. Agabekov. At the end of January 1930, Agabekov turned to the British authorities in Istanbul with a request to grant him political asylum, giving his real name and position and promising to provide all the information he knew about Soviet intelligence. Based on his tip, in 1930, more than four hundred people were arrested in Iran alone, four of whom were shot. Agabekov surrendered the entire intelligence network known to him not only in Iran, but throughout the Middle East and Central Asia. The hunt for him lasted nine years and ended in the summer of 1938. The circumstances of Agabekov’s death are still not precisely known. According to the version spread in the West, he was thrown into the abyss on the Franco-Spanish border.
R. Switz. He worked for the GRU from the early 20s. In 1930 he became an illegal immigrant in the United States. He handed over the intelligence network in France to the Americans. The fact of Switz's betrayal was revealed only in 1938, when one of the Soviet illegal immigrants in France gained access to secret files of French intelligence.
Illegal foreigner INO NKVD I. Poretsky (Ludwig, Reiss). The most famous intelligence officer, firmly convinced of the triumph of communism. In 1936, he learned about secret negotiations and the preparation of an agreement between the Soviets and Hitler's Germany. He was shocked by this and decided to break with the Soviet Union in 1937. What I honestly wrote about in a letter to my superiors. A liquidation group arrived in Paris, where Poretsky was then located. At first, his wife's friend Gertrude Schildbach tried to poison him, but she could not overcome friendly feelings. The Poretsky couple was shot at point-blank range by members of the liquidation group.
A close friend of Poretsky, an illegal immigrant from the NKVD Foreign Office in The Hague, V. Krivitsky (Ginzburg). In 1937 he declared himself a defector for the same reasons as Poretsky. A special group was also sent to eliminate him. But the French authorities, where Krivitsky fled, assigned guards to him. He went to the USA, where in 1938 he unveiled the Stalin-Hitler plans. Which attracted the attention of British intelligence to him. In one of his conversations with members of the British intelligence service SIS, he said that a young Englishman was working for the NKVD, serving as a journalist in Spain. It was not about anyone, but about Kim Philby. Krivitsky did not know his last name, and this saved the most brilliant Soviet agent in the entire history of the USSR from failure. In 1941, Krivitsky's body was found in a hotel room with a bullet through the head. Nearby are farewell notes. Despite this, Western analysts believe that Krivitsky was killed by Soviet agents.
Head of the NKVD for the Far Eastern Territory, State Security Commissioner of the III rank G. Lyushkov. He became the first high-ranking security officer who was afraid of the purges and fled abroad. Moved state border The USSR surrendered to the Japanese. He gave Japanese intelligence information about Far Eastern Army, economic situation Far Eastern regions, about the Soviet intelligence network in Manchuria. The Japanese spread a rumor about his departure to Europe. Lyushkov became a citizen of Japan Yamoguchi Toshikazu. When Soviet troops entered the territory of Manchuria, the Japanese decided to invite Lyushkov to voluntarily die. He refused. Lyushkov was killed and his corpse was cremated.
GRU officer I. Akhmedov. He was one of those who carried out pre-war purges in the foreign stations of the Intelligence Agency. After 1940, he became a resident in Turkey, and in May 1942, he unexpectedly appeared at the Turkish police and said that he wanted to surrender, as he was outraged by the repressions Crimean Tatars in USSR. He told everything he knew about the work of the GRU and INO residencies in Ankara and Istanbul. Moscow demanded his extradition, but Türkiye refused and sent Akhmedov to the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara. After the end of the war, he converted to Islam and ended up in the United States in 1948. He worked as a consultant at the CIA intelligence school. He wrote the book “Escape of a Tatar from Red Army Intelligence.”
Agent of the Red Chapel group R. Bart (Beck). The Berlin intelligence network “Red Chapel” was formed back in the 30s. In August 1942, the Intelligence agents received an encrypted message from the Center in which the exact home addresses of the agents were indicated. And several members of the Capella were arrested. Including Beck. He could not stand the torture at the Gestapo and committed betrayal. Beck continued to work for the Germans in occupied Western Europe. In the spring of 1945, he came to the Americans, and they handed him over to the NKVD. According to the verdict of a military tribunal in 1945, Beck was shot.
GRU cryptographer I. Guzenko. He became the first defector to the West after the victory over Germany. He was sent to work in Canada. In August 1945, they tried to recall him, but he did not leave; he contacted the editors of a Canadian newspaper with a proposal to talk about Soviet espionage in Canada. He told so much that the Canadian government established a special Royal Commission on Espionage. The commission identified the names of fourteen people who were part of the GRU intelligence network. Nine of them were convicted. Moscow tried to convince Canada to extradite Guzenko, but he was given up. Guzenko died in 1982 by natural causes.
GRU officer V. Shelaputin. Born into the family of a theater actor, he went to study at the Military Institute of Foreign Languages. At the institute he received the nickname “Vaska Shelaputin - an international rogue.” In 1948, he finished his studies and went on his first business trip to Austria. He liked it there and decided to stay. In 1949 he contacted American intelligence. Which he betrayed agents known to him. In the Union he was sentenced to death in absentia. At the end of the 50th year he began working for the British intelligence service SIS. In December 1952, he received English citizenship, documents in the name of Victor Gregory, moved to London and got a job at the Russian service of BBC Radio, and then at Radio Liberty. In the early 90s he retired and settled somewhere in Ireland.
GRU Lieutenant Colonel P. Popov. In 1953, he began collaborating with the CIA and was the first CIA agent in the USSR intelligence services—a “mole.” In 1951, Popov worked in Vienna and fell in love with an Austrian woman. This love was too costly for Popov, and he decided to surrender to the CIA. Popov worked for the CIA until 1958. During this time, he conveyed information to the Americans about the Austrian GRU agents, about Soviet politics in Austria and East Germany. In December 1958, Popov was arrested by Soviet intelligence services. They tried to force him to continue contacts with the CIA, but he managed to warn the Americans about his arrest. In January 1960, he was tried and sentenced to death. The Western press wrote that he was burned alive in the furnace of the crematorium as a warning to other GRU employees.
Illegal, radio operator Lieutenant Colonel R. Heikhanen (Vic). From 1951 he worked in Finland, then in the USA. He spent 5 thousand dollars and during his next trip to France he turned himself in to the local American embassy. He talked about one of the most famous Soviet agents, Abel (Fisher). In 1964 he died under strange circumstances. CIA officials said he died in a car accident.
Illegal military intelligence M. Fedorov (Shistov). He worked in Mexico, where he began collaborating with the CIA. Reported to the USA information about the Soviet space program. CIA chief Alan Dulles himself considered Fedorov a particularly valuable agent. In 1958, Fedorov was summoned to Moscow, and CIA officers never saw him again. They say he was also burned in the furnace of the crematorium.
Military intelligence officer Colonel Oleg Penkovsky. In 1960, he was not allowed on a business trip to India under the pretext that he had hidden his father’s White Guard origins. According to Penkovsky, this pushed him to cooperate with foreign intelligence services. In 1961, he signed a pledge to work for the American and British governments. According to official data, in 1962 alone, he transferred 5 thousand photographs and more than 7.5 thousand pages to the West. classified materials. This was information about nuclear program USSR, data on air force, and Khrushchev's plans in foreign policy. Some analysts believe that the third world war did not start precisely thanks to Penkovsky: during Cuban missile crisis Kennedy did not give the order to bomb Cuba, because he knew for sure that the USSR was not capable and did not want to wage war. Penkovsky was arrested in October 1962 and convicted. According to rumors, he was also burned in the crematorium.
Military intelligence officer Major General Dmitry Polyakov. The reasons for his betrayal are still unclear. He himself said that he simply loves risk. Over 20 years, he surrendered 19 Soviet illegal intelligence officers, 150 foreign agents and approximately 1,500 GRU and KGB officers in Russia. He spoke about the Sino-Soviet differences, allowing the Americans to improve relations with China. He gave the Americans information about new weapons Soviet army, which helped the Americans destroy the weapon when it was used by Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War. He was surrendered by the most famous American defector, Aldridge Ames, in 1985. Polyakov was arrested at the end of 1986 and sentenced to death. The sentence was carried out in 1988. US President Ronald Reagan asked for Polyakov at a meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev. But Gorbachev replied that the person for whom he was asking American President, already dead. It is Polyakov, and not Penkovsky, that the Americans consider their most successful spy.
Operational photographer of the GRU and photographic technician of the International Department of the CPSU Central Committee Nikolai Chernov. Since 1963, occupying the position of a modest technical employee of the photo laboratory of the 1st special department of military intelligence, he handed over to the Americans thousands of photographic documents about the activities of our residencies in the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, as well as about the organization and results of the work of the strategic military intelligence service. Based on his tips, the best Soviet agents were arrested in the USA and England. For his betrayal, he received only 20 thousand Soviet rubles. In 1972, Chernov was expelled from the GRU for drunkenness, tried to commit suicide, after which military intelligence began to check him. He was arrested only in 1990. In 1991, Chernov was imprisoned for 8 years, but six months later he was pardoned. He soon died of stomach cancer.
An employee of the KGB Main Directorate, Captain Yu. Nosenko. Remained in Switzerland in 1962, and since 1964 worked for the USA. He turned over several major double agents, and also confirmed information about listening devices at the US Embassy. In 1963, CIA officers took Nosenko to Germany, and in the USSR he was sentenced to death in absentia. He worked as a consultant for the CIA until the late 1980s and then retired.
Employee of the New York Foreign Intelligence Residency, Hero of the Soviet Union A. Kulak. Offered his services to the FBI in 1962. To this day, some consider him a traitor, while others consider him a double agent. He worked for the USA from 1962 to 1970. He gave the FBI information about KGB officers in New York, information about the KGB's interests in the scientific and technical sphere and in the field of weapons production. There is information that he received approximately $100 thousand for his work. In 1977 he returned to Moscow, and in the 80s, when Kulak was already retired, the state security agencies began a secret investigation into his case. But they couldn’t prove anything. Kulak died of cancer in 1983, and in 1985 defector Ames reported his betrayal.
Foreign intelligence captain O. Lyalin. In 1971 he began working for British intelligence MI5. He conveyed to the British the plans for Soviet sabotage in London, completely uncovered the intelligence network in England, and in other Western countries the search for illegal immigrants began based on Lyalin’s tips. In the USSR he was sentenced to death. He lived with his wife in England for 23 years and died in 1995.
Foreign Intelligence Colonel O. Gordievsky. He began working against Soviet intelligence in 1974, being a resident of the USSR in Denmark. He conveyed information to SIS about plans for terrorist attacks and the upcoming political campaign accusing the United States of violating human rights. In 1980 he was recalled to Moscow. He was tasked with preparing documents on the history of PSU operations in England, Scandinavian countries and the Australian-Asian region, which gave him the opportunity to work with the secret archives of PSU. During Gorbachev's visit to Great Britain in 1984, he personally supplied him with intelligence information. Margaret Thatcher received them even earlier. Ames gave him away in 1985. While in Moscow, under the strictest surveillance of the authorities checking him, Gordievsky managed to escape during his morning jog - in his underpants and with a plastic bag in his hands. Lives in London and has become very popular thanks to his books.
Colonel of Military Intelligence S. Bokhan. Since 1976 he worked for the CIA. Surrendered KGB agent William Kampalais to the CIA. In 1985, Ames again spoke about his work for the CIA. Bokhan, who was on a business trip in Greece at that moment, sensed surveillance and, with the help of CIA officers, fled to the United States, where he still lives.
Military intelligence officer V. Rezun (Suvorov). Since 1974 resident in Geneva. In 1978, he disappeared from home with his wife and little son. It soon became known that all this time Rezun had been working for SIS. Never hid behind ideological motives. Today he is known as the writer-historian Viktor Suvorov, the author of the sensational books “Icebreaker”, “Aquarium”, etc. He did not give out any special data.
Foreign intelligence major S. Levchenko. Since 1975, he served in the residency of the KGB PGU in Tokyo through PR (political intelligence) under the roof of a correspondent for the magazine “Novoye Vremya”. In 1979, he was recalled to Moscow due to the fact that certain doubts arose in the Center about the advisability of continuing his business trip. Levchenko, who by this time had already established contacts with the Americans, decided not to return. It was quickly transported from Japan to the United States. As a result, he surrendered all the agents known to him, and also handed over to the Americans the entire staff of the Tokyo KGB Residency. In 1981, he was sentenced to death in the USSR. Levchenko has published several books in the USA and today works for American newspaper"New Russian Word".
KGB Major V. Sheimov. Since 1971, he worked in one of the most secret departments of the KGB, dealing with encryption systems for intelligence and counterintelligence. In 1979, in Warsaw, he made contact with CIA agents. And in 1980 he was taken to the USA. Moscow searched for him for five years, believing that Sheimov had gone missing. It was only in 1985 that it became known that he had fled to the west. All these five years, the encryption systems in the KGB did not change, and the CIA knew about them. Sheimov lived in Washington, he was awarded a medal. In the late 1980s, he made allegations of KGB involvement in the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II in 1981.
High-ranking employee of scientific and technical intelligence of PSU V. Vetrov. He began working for French intelligence on his own initiative in 1980. Vetrov handed over to the French over 4 thousand documents classified as “top secret”. In 1982, while drunk, Vetrov killed a man and went to prison for 15 years. While in prison, he unexpectedly admitted to espionage. He was tried again, sentenced to death and carried out in 1985.
Foreign intelligence major V. Kuzichkin. In 1977, he began working as an illegal immigrant in Tehran. In 1982, on the eve of the arrival of the commission from PSU, he suddenly did not find secret documents in his safe, got scared and decided to flee to the West. The British granted him political asylum. On a tip from Kuzichkin, the Tudeh party, which collaborated with the KGB, was defeated in Iran. Kuzichkin was sentenced to death in the USSR. In 1986, they tried to kill him. At the same time, Kuzichkin’s wife, who remained in the USSR, received a death certificate from the KGB about her husband’s death. But in 1988, Kuzichkin “resurrected”. He wrote petitions for pardon to Gorbachev, people's deputies, and in 1991 - to Yeltsin. His requests remained unanswered. At the end of 1990, Kuzichkin wrote a book that did not become popular in the West.
KGB Lieutenant V. Makarov. Worked in the KGB encryption department. In 1982, through an intermediary, he tried to sell some documents on the “black market” in Moscow. The intermediary was arrested, but Makarov was never found out. In 1985 he went to SIS. While the British were wondering whether to trust Makarov, he was arrested. Since he did not manage to hand over any documents to the British, he was sentenced to 10 years. In 1992, Makarov was released under an amnesty and emigrated to England. There he tried for a long time to get a pension from SIS, but could not. According to the latest information, he worked as a gardener and received benefits. Makarov had depressive psychosis and was repeatedly treated in mental hospitals.
Deputy Head of the Moscow Directorate of the KGB, Major S. Vorontsov. Contacted CIA agents in Moscow in 1984, wanting to make money. He gave the Americans information about his management and received approximately $30,000 for his work. He was arrested red-handed in 1985 and agreed to lead double play. With his help, in 1985, an American resident in Moscow was detained, who was immediately expelled from the country. And Vorontsov was convicted and shot in 1986.
Employee foreign counterintelligence V. Yurchenko. While a resident in Italy, in 1985 he came into contact with CIA officers in Rome. Was transported to the USA. Provided information about the investigation into the case of Oleg Gordievsky, as well as new ones technical means Soviet intelligence, extradited 12 KGB agents in Europe. Unexpectedly, that same year he escaped from the Americans and showed up at the USSR Embassy in Washington. He said that he was kidnapped in Rome, and in the USA under the influence psychotropic drugs pumped out information. Moscow was very surprised and took Yurchenko to the Union. At home he was awarded the “Honorary Security Officer” badge and in 1991 he was solemnly sent into retirement. This story is still not completely clear. It is possible that Yurchenko was a double agent and played a major role in covering up the KGB's most valuable source in the CIA, Ames. And for the sake of Ames, the KGB sacrificed a dozen of its agents in Europe.
Employee of the legal foreign intelligence station in Bonn G. Varennik. In 1982, he began working in Bonn under the guise of a TASS correspondent. In 1987, he spent 7 thousand dollars and turned to the CIA with a proposal for cooperation. Gave the CIA information about three Soviet agents in the German government. In 1985 he was recalled to East Berlin and was arrested. In 1987, Varennik was shot.
Employee of the apparatus of the Soviet military attache in Hungary V. Vasiliev. In 1984, he contacted CIA agents in Hungary and began collaborating with American intelligence. The next year he was arrested and then shot.
Scientific and technical officer of the KGB PGU S. Illarionov. In 1981 he began working in Italy. Since 1990 - as vice-consul. At the same time he began collaborating with the CIA, and in 1991 he decided to hide in the United States. He told the CIA about 28 KGB agents in Italy. Illarionov received political asylum in the United States.
Employee military counterintelligence Western Group of Forces V. Lavrentyev. Since 1988 he worked in Germany. In 1991 he was recruited by the German intelligence service BND. Arrested in 1994. It has not yet been revealed exactly what information he conveyed to the Germans. It is known that these were documents constituting state documents. secret. He was tried and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
Lieutenant Colonel of Military Intelligence V. Baranov. In 1985 he was sent to work in Bangladesh. In 1989, he was recruited by the CIA. Told the CIA about the composition and structure of the GRU and about the residents of the GRU and PGU in Bangladesh. Then he returned to Moscow and since 1990 has been looking for information for the Americans about bacteriological preparations at the disposal of the GRU. In 1992, Baranov decided to leave the country. But he was arrested at the airport. During the investigation he said that all the secrets he gave out were long outdated. In 1993, he was sentenced to 5 years in prison.
Major of the PSU KGB M. Butkov. Worked in Norway. In 1991, he and his wife decided to stay in England. Most likely, Butkov was a very valuable agent - in England he was given the status of a pensioner of the British special services and a pension of 14 thousand pounds sterling. However, in 1996, the couple was arrested for fraud. Butkov received three years in prison, and his wife received one and a half years.
Colonel of the SVR V. Oshchenko. In the 70s he worked in England, and since 1985 in France. He was supposed to return to Moscow in 1992, but disappeared along with his family. Oshchenko asked for political asylum in England. Based on his tip, three major KGB spies were arrested in France. Four were also expelled from Paris Russian diplomats. And in England several agents were arrested.
Lieutenant Colonel of Foreign Intelligence O. Morozov. From 1988 to 1991 he worked in Italy, and then in Moscow, in a commercial company, which was actually a “roof” Russian counterintelligence. He probably embezzled some of the money from this company, after which in 1995 he decided to flee with his family to the United States. First, he flew to Switzerland and offered his services to CIA agents there. It has not yet been revealed what he might have told the CIA, but his disappearance is said to have caused shock in Moscow. A criminal case was initiated against Morozov.
Lieutenant Colonel of the Center space reconnaissance GRU V. Tkachenko. Lieutenant Colonel Tkachenko, as well as former employees Since 1993, TsKR Volkov and Sporyshev have been selling secret photographs taken by Russian satellites to Israeli intelligence. And they earned about 300 thousand dollars. In 1995, they came under suspicion from the FSB and were soon arrested. Only Tkachenko was able to prove guilt. He was sentenced to three years in prison. Tkachenko's lawyers later stated that, most likely, by convicting Tkachenko, the special services were covering up their agent, who supplied disinformation to MOSSAD.