The “death factory” of Auschwitz (Auschwitz) acquired more and more terrible fame. If in the remaining concentration camps there was at least some hope of survival, then most of the Jews, Gypsies and Slavs staying in Auschwitz were destined to die either in gas chambers, or from backbreaking labor and serious illnesses, or from the experiments of a sinister doctor who was one one of the first persons meeting new arrivals at the train. It was the Auschwitz concentration camp that gained notoriety as a place where experiments were carried out on people.
Mengele was appointed chief physician in Birkenau - in the inner camp of Auschwitz, where he behaved clearly as the chief. His skin ambitions gave him no rest. Only here, in a place where people do not have the slightest hope of salvation, could he feel like the master of fate.
Participation in the selection was one of his favorite “entertainment”. He always came to the train, even when it was not required of him. Constantly looking perfect (as befits the owner of the anal vector), smiling, happy, he decided who would die now and who would go to work.
It was difficult to deceive his keen analytical eye: Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people. Many women, children under 15 and old people were immediately sent to gas chambers. Only 30 percent of prisoners were lucky enough to avoid this fate and temporarily delay the date of their death.
Chief physician of Birkenau (one of the inner camps of Auschwitz) and director research laboratory Dr. Joseph Mengele.
First days in Auschwitz
Joseph Mengele thirsted for power over people's destinies. It is not surprising that Auschwitz became a real paradise for the Doctor, who was capable of exterminating hundreds of thousands of defenseless people at a time, which he demonstrated in the very first days of work at the new place, when he ordered the extermination of 200 thousand Gypsies.
“On the night of July 31, 1944, a terrible scene of the destruction of a gypsy camp took place. Kneeling before Mengele and Boger, women and children begged for their life. But it did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks. It was a terrible, terrible sight.", - say surviving eyewitnesses.
Human life has assigned nothing to the Angel of Death. All of Mengele's actions were drastic and merciless. Is there a typhus epidemic in the barracks? This means we will send the entire barracks to the gas chambers. This is the best way to stop the disease. Do the women have lice in the barracks? Kill all 750 women! Just think: one thousand more unwanted people, one less.
He chose who to live and who to die, who to sterilize, who to operate on... Dr. Mengele not only felt equal to God. He put himself in God's place. A typical crazy idea in a sick sound vector, which, against the backdrop of the sadism of the anal vector, resulted in the idea of wiping unwanted peoples from the face of the earth and creating a new noble Aryan race.
All experiments of the Angel of Death boiled down to two main tasks: to find an effective method that could influence the reduction in the birth rate of unwanted races, and by all means to increase the birth rate of Aryan healthy children. Just imagine how much pleasure it brought him to be in that place that other people preferred not to remember at all.
The head of the labor service of the women's block of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Joseph Kramer under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.
Mengele had his own associates and followers. One of them was Irma Grese - an anal-cutaneous-muscular sound artist, a sadist with a sick sound, working as a guard in the women's block. The girl took pleasure in tormenting the prisoners; she could take the lives of prisoners only because she was in a bad mood.
Josef Mengele's first task to reduce the birth rate of Jews, Slavs and Gypsies was to develop the most effective method sterilization for men and women. So he operated on boys and men without anesthesia, subjected X-ray exposure women...
The opportunity to conduct experiments on innocent people freed up the Doctor's sadistic frustrations: he seemed to derive pleasure not so much from audio search truth, how much from the inhuman treatment of prisoners. Mengele studied the possibilities of human endurance: he subjected the unfortunate to the test of cold, heat, various infections...
However, medicine itself did not seem so interesting to the Angel of Death, in contrast to his favorite eugenics - the science of creating a “pure race”.
Barrack No. 10
1945 Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp. Children, prisoners of the camp, are waiting for their release.
Eugenics, if you look at encyclopedias, is the doctrine of human selection, i.e. a science that seeks to improve the properties of heredity. Scientists making discoveries in eugenics argue that the human gene pool is degenerating and this must be fought.
In fact, the basis of eugenics, as well as the basis of the phenomena of Nazism and fascism, is anal division into “clean” and “ dirty”: healthy - sick, good - bad, that which is allowed to live, and that which can “harm future generations”, therefore does not have the right to exist and reproduce, from which society must be “cleansed”. This is why there are calls to sterilize “defective” people in order to cleanse the gene pool.
Joseph Mengele, as a representative of eugenics, faced important task: in order to breed a pure race, you need to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”. That is why the Angel of Death was of great interest in dwarfs, giants, various freaks and other people whose deviations were associated with certain disorders in genes.
Thus, among Joseph Mengele’s “favorites” was the Jewish family of Lilliputian musicians Ovitz from Romania (and later the Shlomowitz family that joined them), for whose support, by order of the Angel of Death, they were created Better conditions in the camp.
The Ovitz family was interesting to Mengele, first of all, because, along with the Lilliputians, there were also ordinary people. The Ovits were well fed, allowed to wear their own clothes and not shave their hair. In the evenings, the Ovitzs entertained Dr. Death by playing musical instruments. Joseph Mengele called his “favorites” by the names of the seven dwarfs from Snow White.
Seven brothers and sisters, originally from the Romanian town of Rosvel, lived in a labor camp for almost a year.
One might think that the Angel of Death became attached to the Lilliputians, but this was not the case. When it came to experiments, he already treated his “friends” in a completely unfriendly manner: the poor fellows had their teeth and hair pulled out, cerebrospinal fluid extracts were taken, unbearably hot and unbearably cold substances were poured into their ears, and terrible gynecological experiments were performed.
"The most scary experiments of all [were] gynecological. Only those of us who were married went through them. We were tied to a table and systematic torture began. They inserted some objects into the uterus, pumped out blood from there, picked out the insides, pierced us with something and took pieces of samples. The pain was unbearable."
The results of the experiments were sent to Germany. Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to Joseph Mengele's reports on eugenics and experiments on Lilliputians. The entire Ovitz family was stripped naked and displayed in front of a large audience like scientific exhibits.
Doctor Mengele's Twins
"Twins!"- this cry echoed over the crowd of prisoners, when suddenly the next twins or triplets timidly huddled together were discovered. They were kept alive and taken to a separate barracks, where the children were well fed and even given toys. A sweet, smiling doctor with a steely gaze often came to see them: he treated them to sweets and gave them rides around the camp in his car.
However, Mengele did all this not out of sympathy or out of love for the children, but only with the cold calculation that they would not be afraid of his appearance when the time came for the next twins to go to the operating table. That’s the whole price of initial “luck”. "My guinea pigs" The terrible and merciless Doctor Death called the twin children.
The interest in twins was not accidental. Josef Mengele was worried main idea: if every German woman, instead of one child, gives birth to two or three healthy ones at once, the Aryan race will finally be able to be reborn. That is why it was very important for the Angel of Death to study in the smallest detail all the structural features of identical twins. He hoped to understand how to artificially increase the birth rate of twins.
The twin experiments involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived.
The first part of the experiments on twins was harmless enough. The doctor needed to carefully examine each pair of twins and compare all their body parts. Centimeter by centimeter they measured arms, legs, fingers, hands, ears, noses and everything, everything, everything.
Such meticulousness in the research was not accidental. After all, the anal vector, which is present not only in Joseph Mengele, but also in many other scientists, does not tolerate haste, but, on the contrary, requires detailed analysis. Every little detail needs to be taken into account.
The Angel of Death meticulously recorded all measurements in tables. Everything is as it should be anal vector: on the shelves, neatly, accurately. As soon as the measurements were completed, the experiments on the twins moved into another phase.
It was very important to check the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. For this purpose, one of the twins was taken: he was injected with some dangerous virus, and the doctor observed: what will happen next? All results were again recorded and compared with the results of the other twin. If a child became very ill and was on the verge of death, then he was no longer interesting: he, while still alive, was either opened up or sent to a gas chamber.
The twins were given each other's blood, internal organs were transplanted (often from a pair of other twins), and dye segments were injected into their eyes (to test whether brown Jewish eyes could become blue Aryan eyes). Many experiments were carried out without anesthesia. The children screamed and begged for mercy, but nothing could stop the one who imagined himself to be the Creator.
The idea is primary, the life of the “little people” is secondary. This in a simple way Many unhealthy sound people are guided by this. Dr. Mengele dreamed of revolutionizing the world (in particular the world of genetics) with his discoveries. What does he care about some children!
So the Angel of Death decided to create conjoined twins, sewing together gypsy twins. The children suffered terrible torment and blood poisoning began. The parents could not observe this and suffocated the experimental subjects at night in order to alleviate the suffering.
A little more about Mengele's ideas
Joseph Mengele with a colleague at the Institute of Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics. Kaiser Wilhelm. Late 1930s.
By doing terrible things and carrying out inhuman experiments over people, Joseph Mengele everywhere hides behind science and his idea. At the same time, many of his experiments were not only inhumane, but also meaningless, not bringing any discovery to science. Experiments for the sake of experiments, torture, infliction of pain.
Mengele covered up his cruelty and his actions with the laws of nature. “We know that natural selection controls nature, exterminating inferior individuals. The weaker ones are excluded from the reproduction process. This the only way maintaining a healthy human population. IN modern conditions we must protect nature: prevent inferior ones from reproducing. Such people should be subjected to forced sterilization.".
People for him are just “human material”, which, like any other material, is divided only into high-quality or low-quality. Poor quality and don't mind throwing it away. It can be burned in furnaces and poisoned in chambers, cause inhuman pain and carry out terrible experiments: i.e. be used in every possible way to create "quality human material", who has not only excellent health and high intelligence, but is generally devoid of all "defects".
How to achieve the creation of a higher caste? “This can only be achieved in one way - by selecting the best human material. Everything will end in disaster if the principle natural selection will be rejected. A few gifted people will not be able to withstand the multi-billion-dollar mass of idiots. Perhaps the gifted will survive, as reptiles once survived, and billions of idiots will disappear, as the dinosaurs once disappeared. We must not allow a massive increase in the number of such idiots.” The egocentrism of the sound vector in these lines reaches its apogee. Looking down on other people, deep contempt and hatred - that’s what motivated the Doctor.
When the sound vector is in a sick state, any ethical standards. At the output we get: “From an ethical point of view, the problem is this: it is necessary to determine in which cases a person should be kept alive and in which cases he should be destroyed. Nature has shown us the ideal of truth and the ideal of beauty. What does not correspond to these ideals perishes as a result of selection arranged by nature itself.”
Speaking about the benefits of humanity, the Angel of Death does not at all mean all of humanity as such, for such peoples as Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and others do not deserve, in his opinion, life at all. He feared that if his research fell into the hands of the Slavs, they would be able to use the discoveries for the benefit of their people.
That is why Joseph Mengele, when Soviet troops were approaching Germany and the defeat of the Germans was inevitable, hastily collected all his tables, notebooks, notes and left the camp, ordering the destruction of traces of his crimes - the surviving twins and midgets.
When the twins were taken to the gas chambers, Zyklon-B suddenly ran out and the execution was postponed. Fortunately, the Soviet troops were already very close, and the Germans fled.
The Ovitz and Shlomowitz families and 168 twins enjoyed their long-awaited freedom. The children ran towards their saviors, crying and hugging. Is the nightmare over? No, he will now haunt the survivors for the rest of his life. When they feel bad or when they are sick, the ominous shadow of the mad Doctor Death and the horrors of Auschwitz will appear to them again. It was as if time had turned back and they were back in their 10th barracks.
Auschwitz, children in a camp liberated by the Red Army, 1945.
For the rest of his life, Mengele skillfully hides from all sorts of agents who want to catch him and bring him to trial. The shadows of the past also haunt the Angel of Death, but not only does he not regret what he did, but on the contrary, he is absolutely confident that he is right, considers the Germans who renounced fascism to be traitors. Forced to run from one place to another, the Doctor develops paranoia. On February 7, 1979, Joseph Mengele, according to Wikipedia and other encyclopedic sources, dies of a stroke that happened to him in the water.
P.S. Not long ago, the last of the surviving twins died. The story of torture and horror of the Angel of Death ends, although many mythologize his figure, claiming that Josef Mengele only faked his death, and is still continuing his experiments somewhere.
Now many are wondering whether Josef Mengele was a simple sadist who, in addition to scientific work, it was a pleasure to watch people suffer. Those who worked with him said that Mengele, to the surprise of many of his colleagues, sometimes himself administered lethal injections to test subjects, beat them and threw capsules of lethal gas into the cells, watching as the prisoners died.
On the territory of the Auschwitz concentration camp there is a large pond where the unclaimed ashes of prisoners burned in the crematorium ovens were dumped. The rest of the ashes were transported by wagon to Germany, where they were used as soil fertilizers. The same carriages carried new prisoners for Auschwitz, who were personally greeted upon arrival by a tall, smiling young man who was barely 32 years old. This was the new Auschwitz doctor, Josef Mengele, who, after being wounded, was declared unfit for service in the army. He appeared with his retinue in front of newly arrived prisoners to select “material” for his monstrous experiments. The prisoners were stripped naked and lined up along which Mengele walked, every now and then pointing at suitable people its immutable stack
ohm He decided who would be immediately sent to the gas chamber, and who could still work for the benefit of the Third Reich. Death is to the left, life is to the right. Sickly-looking people, old people, women with infants - Mengele, as a rule, sent them to the left with a careless movement of a stack squeezed in his hand.
Former prisoners, when they first arrived at the station to enter the concentration camp, remembered Mengele as a fit, well-groomed man with kind smile, in a well-fitted and ironed dark green tunic and a cap, which he wore slightly on one side; black boots polished to perfect shine. One of the Auschwitz prisoners, Kristina Zywulska, would later write: “He looked like a film actor - a sleek, pleasant face with regular features. Tall, slender...”
His smile and pleasant, courteous manners, which did not fit in with his inhuman experiences, were nicknamed Mengele by the prisoners as the “Angel of Death.” He conducted his experiments on people in block No. 10. “No one ever came out of there alive,” says former prisoner Igor Fedorovich Malitsky, who was sent to Auschwitz at the age of 16.
The young doctor began his activities in Auschwitz by stopping a typhus epidemic, which he discovered in several gypsies. To prevent the disease from spreading to other prisoners, he sent the entire barracks (more than a thousand people) to the gas chamber. Later, typhus was discovered in the women's barracks, and this time the entire barracks - about 600 women - also went to their deaths. How to deal with typhus differently in such conditions, Mengel
I couldn't think of it.
Before the war, Joseph Mengele studied medicine and even defended his dissertation on the topic “Racial differences in the structure of lower jaw"in 1935, and a little later received doctorate. Genetics was of particular interest to him, and in Auschwitz greatest degree he showed interest in the twins. He conducted experiments without resorting to anesthetics and dissected living babies. He tried to sew twins together, change their eye color using chemicals; he pulled out teeth, implanted them and built up new ones. In parallel with this, the development of a substance capable of causing infertility was carried out; he castrated boys and sterilized women. According to some reports, he managed to sterilize an entire group of monks using X-rays.
Mengele's interest in twins was not accidental. The Third Reich set scientists the task of increasing the birth rate, as a result of which artificially increasing the birth of twins and triplets became the main task of scientists. However, the offspring of the Aryan race had to have blond hair and blue eyes - hence Mengele's attempts to change the eye color of children through various chemicals. After the war, he was going to become a professor and was ready to do anything for the sake of science.
The twins were carefully measured by the assistants of the "Angel of Death" to record general signs and differences, and then the doctor’s own experiments came into play. Children's limbs were amputated and transplanted various organs, infected with typhus and given blood transfusions. Mengele wanted to track
to understand how the identical organisms of twins will react to the same intervention in them. Then the experimental subjects were killed, after which the doctor conducted a thorough analysis of the corpses, examining the internal organs.
He launched quite a vigorous activity and therefore many mistakenly considered him the chief doctor of the concentration camp. In fact, Josef Mengele held the position of senior doctor in the women's barracks, to which he was appointed by Eduard Virts, the chief physician of Auschwitz, who later described Mengele as a responsible employee who sacrificed personal time, in order to devote him to self-education, exploring the material that the concentration camp had at its disposal.
Mengele and his colleagues believed that hungry children had very pure blood, which meant that they could
It will be of great help to the wounded German soldiers who are in hospitals. Another former prisoner of Auschwitz, Ivan Vasilyevich Chuprin, recalled this. The newly arrived very young children, the eldest of whom were 5-6 years old, were herded into block number 19, from which screams and crying could be heard for some time, but soon there was silence. The blood was completely pumped out of the young prisoners. And in the evening, prisoners returning from work saw piles of children's bodies, which were later burned in dug holes, the flames from which were escaping several meters upward.
For Mengele, work in the concentration camp was a kind of scientific mission, and the experiments he performed on prisoners were, from his point of view, carried out for the benefit of science. There are many tales told about Dr. Death
and one of them is that his office was “decorated” by the eyes of children. In fact, as one of the doctors who worked with Mengele in Auschwitz recalled, he could stand for hours next to a row of test tubes, examining the obtained materials through a microscope, or spend time at the anatomical table, opening up bodies, in an apron stained with blood. He considered himself a real scientist, whose goal was something more than eyes hung throughout his office.
The doctors who worked with Mengele noted that they hated their work, and in order to somehow relieve stress, they got completely drunk after a working day, which could not be said about Doctor “Death” himself. It seemed that the work did not tire him at all.
Now many are wondering if Joseph Mengele was a simple sadist, a cat
In addition to his scientific work, he took pleasure in watching people suffer. Those who worked with him said that Mengele, to the surprise of many of his colleagues, sometimes himself administered lethal injections to test subjects, beat them and threw capsules of lethal gas into the cells, watching as the prisoners died.
After the war, Josef Mengele was declared a war criminal, but he managed to escape. He spent the rest of his life in Brazil, and February 7, 1979 was his last day - while swimming he suffered a stroke and drowned. His grave was found only in 1985, and after the exhumation of his remains in 1992, they were finally convinced that it was Joseph Mengele, who had earned himself a reputation as one of the most terrible and dangerous Nazis, who lay in this grave.
Among all the Nazi criminals from the Third Reich, one stands out in particular, who, perhaps, even among the most vile murderers and vile sadists, rightfully takes the place of the most vile of the vile. Some of the Nazis can, albeit with great stretch, be classified as lost sheep who turned into wolves. Others take their place as ideological criminals. But this one... This one did his dirty work with obvious pleasure, even with pleasure, satisfying his basest, wildest desires. This complexed, sick creature combined Nazi ideas with obvious mental disorders and earned the nickname “Doctor Death.” Sometimes, however, he was called almost the “angel of death.” But this is too flattering a nickname for him. It's about about the so-called Dr. Josef Mengele - the executioner from Auschwitz, who miraculously escaped human judgment, but, it seems, only in order to await a higher judgment.
Joseph Mengele received Nazi training from childhood. The fact is that he, born in 1911 in the Bavarian Günzburg, was the son of the founder of a company that produced agricultural equipment, Karl Mengele. The company was called “Karl Mengele and Sons” (Joseph had two brothers - Karl and Alois). Naturally, the prosperity of the company depended on how the farmers felt. Farmers, like, in fact, millions of other Germans, after the defeat of Germany in the First World War and the most severe political and economic sanctions imposed against it, as they would say now, did not feel well. And it is not surprising that when Hitler came to power with his Nazi Party and with his unbridled populism, which promised mountains of gold to shopkeepers and the average bourgeoisie, seeing it as his electoral base, Karl Mengele supported the Nazis with all his heart and part of his wallet. So the son was brought up in “appropriate” conditions.
Misanthropic dissertation
By the way, Joseph Mengele did not immediately go to study medicine (yes, he refused to continue his father’s work, apparently, from a young age he was drawn to experiments on people), no. First, he plunged into the activities of the right-wing conservative-monarchist organization "Steel Helmet", which had two wings - political and military. However, many political organizations Germany in those years had their own fighters at hand. Including communists. Later, namely in 1933, the “Steel Helmet” successfully joined the terrible SA (the organization of Nazi stormtroopers). But something went wrong. Perhaps Mengele sensed what the matter smelled like (the SA was subsequently virtually destroyed by Hitler, and the leadership led by Rehm was destroyed - such was the intra-Nazi competition). Or maybe, as the biographers of this fiend of hell claim, he actually developed health problems. Josef left the Steel Helm and went to study medicine. By the way, about passions and ideology. The topic of Mengele's doctoral dissertation was “Racial differences in the structure of the lower jaw.” So it was originally still that “scientist”.
The usual path of an ideological Nazi
Then Mengele did everything that a “righteous” Nazi was supposed to do. He joined, of course, the NSDAP. He didn't stop there. Became a member of the SS. Then he even found himself in tank division SS Viking. Well, like in a tank division. Of course, Mengele was not sitting in the tank. He was a doctor in the sapper battalion of this division and even received “ iron Cross" Reportedly for saving two tank crews who were pulled out of a burning tank. The war, or rather its active, risky phase, ended for Mengele already in 1942. He was wounded on eastern front. He received treatment for a long time, but became unfit for service at the front. But they found him a “job,” as they say, “to his liking.” The one to which he had been heading his entire adult life. Pure executioner work. In May 1943 he became a "doctor" at Auschwitz. In the so-called “gypsy camp”. This is exactly what they say: let the wolf into the sheepfold.
Concentration camp career
But Mengele remained a simple “doctor” for only a little over a year. At the end of the summer of 1944, he was appointed "chief doctor" at Birkenau (Auschwitz was the whole system camps, and Birkenau is the so-called inner camp). By the way, Mengele was transferred to Birkenau after the “gypsy camp” was closed. At the same time, all its inhabitants were simply taken and burned in gas chambers. In the new place, Mengele went wild. He personally met trains with arriving prisoners and decided who would go to work, who would go straight to the gas chambers, and who would go to experiments.
Hell of an experimenter
We will not describe in detail exactly how Mengele abused the prisoners. This is all too disgusting and inhumane. Let us present only a few facts to clarify for the reader its direction, so to speak, “ scientific experiments" And this educated barbarian believed, yes, believed that he was engaged in “science.” And for the sake of this very “science” people can be subjected to any torture and bullying. It is clear that there was no smell of science there.
It smelled, as mentioned above, of this bastard’s complexes creeping out, of his personal sadistic inclinations, which he satisfied under the guise of scientific necessity.
What did Mengele do?
It is clear that he had no shortage of “test subjects”. And therefore, he did not spare the “consumables” that he considered the prisoners who fell into his clutches. Even the survivors creepy experiments then they killed. But this bastard was sorry for the painkiller, which was, of course, necessary for the “great German army" And he carried out all his experiments on living people, including amputations and even dissections (!) of prisoners without anesthesia. It was especially hard on the twins. A sadist visited them special interest. He carefully looked for them among the prisoners and dragged them to his torture chamber. And, for example, he sewed two together, trying to make one out of them. He sprayed chemicals into the eyes of children, allegedly looking for a way to change the color of the iris of the eyes. He, you see, was researching female endurance. And to do this, I passed a high voltage current through them. Or, here, famous case, when Mengele sterilized an entire group of Polish Catholic nuns. Do you know how? Using X-rays. It must be said that for Mengele all the camp prisoners were “subhumans.”
But it was the gypsies and Jews who received the most attention. However, let's stop depicting these “experiments”. Just believe that this was truly a monster of the human race.
Gray "rat trails"
Some of the readers probably know what “rat trails” are. So American intelligence agencies named the escape routes they identified for Nazi criminals after defeat in the war, in order to avoid prosecution and punishment for their atrocities. Gossips claim that these same American intelligence services themselves subsequently used “rat trails” to lead the Nazis out of attack and then use them for their own purposes. Many of the Nazis fled to countries Latin America.
One of the most famous “rat trails” is the one created by the famous ODESSA network, the brainchild of Otto Skorzeny himself. True, his involvement in this has not been proven. But it's not that important. The important thing is that thanks to precisely this “ rat trail" fled to South America and Joseph Mengele.
Hello Argentina
As we now know, Mengele really, like a rat, sensed the imminent sinking of the already leaky ship called the “Third Reich.” And of course, he understood that if he fell into the hands of the Soviet investigative authorities, he would not get away with it and would answer for everything to the fullest extent. So he ran closer to Western allies THE USSR. This was in April 1945. He, dressed in a soldier's uniform, was detained. However, then there was strange story. Allegedly, Western specialists could not install it real personality and... they let me go on all four sides. It’s hard to believe. Rather, the conclusion suggests itself about the deliberate removal of the sadist from trial. Although the general confusion at the end of the war could have played a role. Be that as it may, Mengele, after spending three years in Bavaria, fled along the “rat trail” to Argentina.
Escape from Mossad
We won’t describe life in detail Nazi criminal in Argentina. Let's just say that one day he almost fell into the hands of the famous Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal and Mossad agents.
They followed his trail. But at the same time they were on the trail of the main Nazi “specialist in final decision Jewish question» Adolf Eichmann. Trying to capture both at the same time was extremely risky.
And the Mossad settled on Eichmann, leaving Mengele for later. However, after Israeli intelligence literally kidnapped Eichmann from Buenos Aires, Mengele understood everything and quickly fled the city. First to Paraguay and then to Brazil.
The disease took revenge
It must be said that the Mossad was close several times to discovering and capturing Mengele, but something went wrong. So the famous sadist lived in Brazil until 1979. And then... One day he went swimming in the ocean. While taking ocean baths, he suffered a stroke. And Mengele drowned. It was only in 1985 that his grave was found. Only in 1992 were researchers finally convinced that the remains belonged to Mengele. After death, the Nazi and sadist still had to serve people. And, by the way, precisely in the scientific field. His remains serve as scientific material for Faculty of Medicine University of Sao Paulo.
The first concentration camp in Germany was opened in 1933. The last one working was captured Soviet troops in 1945. Between these two dates there are millions of tortured prisoners who died from backbreaking work, strangled in gas chambers, shot by the SS. And those who died from “medical experiments.” No one knows exactly how many of these last ones there were. Hundreds of thousands. Inhumane experiments on people in Nazi concentration camps- this is also History, the history of medicine. Its darkest, but no less interesting page...
Josef Mengele, the most famous of the Nazi doctor-criminals, was born in Bavaria in 1911. Studied philosophy at University of Munich and medicine in Frankfurt. In 1934 he joined the SA and became a member of the National Socialist Party, and in 1937 he joined the SS. He worked at the Institute of Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene. Dissertation topic: "Morphological studies of the structure of the lower jaw of representatives of four races."
After the outbreak of World War II, he served as a military doctor in the SS Viking division in France, Poland and Russia. In 1942, he received the Iron Cross for saving two tank crews from a burning tank. After being wounded, SS-Hauptsturmführer Mengele was declared unfit for combat service and in 1943 was appointed chief physician of the Auschwitz concentration camp. The prisoners soon nicknamed him "the angel of death."
Dr. Mengele had to answer the question: how to increase the ability to reproduce in German people, so that it meets the needs of the planned large-scale settlement of Germans in the occupied regions of Eastern Europe. His focus was on the problem of twins, as well as the physiology and pathology of dwarfism. The experiments were carried out on monozygotic twins, mainly children, dwarfs and persons with congenital disabilities. They were looking for such people among those arriving at the camp.
Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele’s monstrous experiments. What is the value of research alone on the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on human body! And the “study” of 3 thousand young twins, of which only 200 survived! The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out. Before starting the experiments, good doctor Mengele could pat a child on the head, treat him with chocolate...
The twins had blood transfused from one to the other and X-rays were taken of them. The second stage covered comparative analysis internal organs, which was performed during the autopsy. Such an analysis would be difficult to carry out in normal conditions due to the low probability of both twins dying at the same time. In the camp, comparative analysis of twins was carried out hundreds of times. For this purpose, Dr. Mengele killed them with phenol injections. He once led an operation in which two gypsy boys were sewn together to create Siamese twins. The children's hands were severely infected at the sites of resection of blood vessels. Mengele usually cut off part of the liver or other vital parts without any anesthesia. important organs Jewish children and killed them with monstrous blows to the head, if there was a need for the recently deceased “guinea pig.” He injected chloroform into the hearts of many children, and he infected his other subjects with typhus. Mengele injected into the ovaries of many women pathogenic bacteria. Some twins with different colors Eye colorants were injected into the eye sockets and pupils to change eye color and explore the possibility of producing Aryan twins with blue eyes. In the end, the children were left with granular clumps instead of eyes.
The Wehrmacht ordered a topic: to find out everything about the effects of cold on a soldier’s body (hypothermia). The experimental methodology was the most simple: a concentration camp prisoner is taken, covered on all sides with ice, “doctors” in SS uniforms constantly measure body temperature... When a test subject dies, a new one is brought from the barracks. Conclusion: after the body has cooled below 30 degrees, it is most likely impossible to save a person. The best remedy to warm up - a hot bath and "natural heat" female body".
In 1945, Josef Mengele carefully destroyed all the collected “data” and escaped from Auschwitz. Until 1949, Mengele worked quietly in his native Günzburg at his father’s company. Then, using new documents in the name of Helmut Gregor, he emigrated to Argentina. He received his passport quite legally, through... the Red Cross. In those years, this organization provided charity, issued passports and travel documents to tens of thousands of refugees from Germany. Perhaps Mengele's fake ID simply could not be thoroughly checked. Moreover, the art of forging documents in the Third Reich reached unprecedented heights.
One way or another, Mengele ended up in South America. In the early 50s, when Interpol issued a warrant for his arrest (with the right to kill him upon arrest), Iyozef moved to Paraguay. However, all this was rather a sham, a game of catching Nazis. Still with the same passport in the name of Gregor, Joseph Mengele repeatedly visited Europe, where his wife and son remained. The Swiss police watched his every move - and did nothing.
The terrible experiments on people by Josef Mengele, the “Angel of Death of Auschwitz,” did not end after he fled to South America. His dream came true. Published A new book Argentine historian Jorge Camaraza's Mengele: Angel of Death in South America argues that Joseph Mengele's experiences did not end after he fled to South America after his defeat Nazi Germany in World War II. There is evidence that the “Auschwitz Angel of Death” continued his terrible experiments in Brazil, in a small town that later received the nickname “City of Twins.”
Josef Mengele managed a lot in his life: to live happy childhood, get excellent education at the university, do happy family, raise children, experience the taste of war and front-line life, engage in “scientific research”, many of which were important For modern medicine, since vaccines against various diseases have been developed, and many other useful experiments have been carried out, which in democratic state would not have been possible to carry out (in fact, the crimes of Mengele, like many of his colleagues, made a huge contribution to medicine), finally, being already on the run, Joseph received a relaxing holiday on the sandy shores of Latin America. Already in this well-deserved rest, Mengele was more than once forced to remember his past deeds - he more than once read articles in newspapers about his search, about the fee of 50,000 American dollars assigned for providing information about his whereabouts, about his atrocities against prisoners. Reading these articles, Joseph Mengele could not hide his sarcastic, sad smile, for which he was remembered by many of his victims - after all, he was in plain sight, swimming on public beaches, conducting active correspondence, visiting entertainment venues. And he could not understand the accusations of committing atrocities - he always looked at his experimental subjects only as material for experiments. He saw no difference between the experiments he carried out on beetles at school and those he carried out in Auschwitz.
He lived in Brazil until February 7, 1979, when he suffered a stroke while swimming in the sea, causing him to drown.
Auschwitz prisoners were released four months before the end of World War II. By that time there were few of them left. Almost one and a half million people died, most of them Jews. For several years, the investigation continued, which led to terrible discoveries: people not only died in gas chambers, but also became victims of Dr. Mengele, who used them as guinea pigs.
Auschwitz: the story of a city
A small Polish town in which more than a million innocent people were killed is called Auschwitz all over the world. We call it Auschwitz. Concentration camps, experiments on women and children, gas chambers, torture, executions - all these words have been associated with the name of the city for more than 70 years.
It will sound quite strange in Russian Ich lebe in Auschwitz - “I live in Auschwitz.” Is it possible to live in Auschwitz? They learned about the experiments on women in the concentration camp after the end of the war. Over the years, new facts have been discovered. One is scarier than the other. The truth about the camp called shocked the whole world. Research continues today. Many books have been written and many films have been made on this topic. Auschwitz has become our symbol of painful, difficult death.
Where did they take place? massacres children and terrible experiments were carried out on women? In Which city do millions of people on earth associate with the phrase “death factory”? Auschwitz.
Experiments on people were carried out in a camp located near the city, which today is home to 40 thousand people. It's calm locality with a good climate. Auschwitz for the first time in historical documents mentioned in the twelfth century. In the 13th century there were already so many Germans here that their language began to prevail over Polish. IN XVII century the city was captured by the Swedes. In 1918 it became Polish again. 20 years later, a camp was organized here, on the territory of which crimes took place, the likes of which humanity had never known.
Gas chamber or experiment
In the early forties, the answer to the question of where the Auschwitz concentration camp was located was known only to those who were doomed to death. Unless, of course, you take the SS men into account. Some prisoners, fortunately, survived. Later they talked about what happened within the walls of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Experiments on women and children, carried out by a man whose name terrified the prisoners, were terrible truth, which not everyone is ready to listen to.
The gas chamber is a terrible invention of the Nazis. But there are worse things. Krystyna Zywulska is one of the few who managed to leave Auschwitz alive. In her book of memoirs, she mentions an incident: a prisoner sentenced to death by Dr. Mengele does not go, but runs into the gas chamber. Because death is from poisonous gas not as terrible as the torment from the experiments of the same Mengele.
Creators of the "death factory"
So what is Auschwitz? This is a camp that was originally intended for political prisoners. The author of the idea is Erich Bach-Zalewski. This man had the rank of SS Gruppenführer, and during the Second World War he led punitive operations. With him light hand Dozens were sentenced to death. He took an active part in suppressing the uprising that took place in Warsaw in 1944.
The SS Gruppenführer's assistants found a suitable location in a small Polish town. There were already military barracks here, and in addition, there was a well-established railway connection. In 1940, a man named He arrived here. He will be hanged near the gas chambers by decision of the Polish court. But this will happen two years after the end of the war. And then, in 1940, Hess liked these places. He took on the new business with great enthusiasm.
Inhabitants of the concentration camp
This camp did not immediately become a “death factory”. At first, mostly Polish prisoners were sent here. Only a year after the organization of the camp, the tradition of drawing a prisoner on the hand appeared. serial number. Every month more and more Jews were brought. By the end of Auschwitz they made up 90% of total number prisoners. The number of SS men here also grew continuously. In total, the concentration camp received about six thousand overseers, punishers and other “specialists.” Many of them were put on trial. Some disappeared without a trace, including Joseph Mengele, whose experiments terrified prisoners for several years.
We will not give the exact number of Auschwitz victims here. Let's just say that more than two hundred children died in the camp. Most of them were sent to gas chambers. Some ended up in the hands of Josef Mengele. But this man was not the only one who conducted experiments on people. Another so-called doctor is Karl Clauberg.
Beginning in 1943, a huge number of prisoners were admitted to the camp. Most should have been destroyed. But the organizers of the concentration camp were practical people, and therefore decided to take advantage of the situation and use a certain part of the prisoners as material for research.
Karl Cauberg
This man supervised the experiments carried out on women. His victims were predominantly Jewish and Gypsy women. The experiments included organ removal, testing new drugs, and radiation. What kind of person is Karl Cauberg? Who is he? What kind of family did you grow up in, how was his life? And most importantly, where did the cruelty that goes beyond human understanding come from?
By the beginning of the war, Karl Cauberg was already 41 years old. In the twenties, he served as chief physician at the clinic at the University of Königsberg. Kaulberg was not a hereditary doctor. He was born into a family of artisans. Why he decided to connect his life with medicine is unknown. But there is evidence that he served as an infantryman in the First World War. Then he graduated from the University of Hamburg. Apparently, he was so fascinated by medicine that he military career he refused. But Kaulberg was not interested in healing, but in research. In the early forties, he began searching for the most practical way to sterilize women who were not of the Aryan race. To conduct experiments he was transferred to Auschwitz.
Kaulberg's experiments
The experiments consisted of introducing a special solution into the uterus, which led to serious disturbances. After the experiment, the reproductive organs were removed and sent to Berlin for further research. There is no data on exactly how many women became victims of this “scientist”. After the end of the war, he was captured, but soon, just seven years later, oddly enough, he was released under an agreement on the exchange of prisoners of war. Returning to Germany, Kaulberg did not suffer from remorse. On the contrary, he was proud of his “achievements in science.” As a result, he began to receive complaints from people who suffered from Nazism. He was arrested again in 1955. He spent even less time in prison this time. He died two years after his arrest.
Joseph Mengele
The prisoners nicknamed this man the “angel of death.” Josef Mengele personally met the trains with new prisoners and carried out the selection. Some were sent to gas chambers. Others go to work. He used others in his experiments. One of the Auschwitz prisoners described this man in the following way: "Tall, good-looking, looks like a movie actor." He never raised his voice and spoke politely - and this terrified the prisoners.
From the biography of the Angel of Death
Josef Mengele was the son of a German entrepreneur. After graduating from high school, he studied medicine and anthropology. In the early thirties he joined the Nazi organization, but soon left it for health reasons. In 1932, Mengele joined the SS. During the war he served in the medical forces and even received the Iron Cross for bravery, but was wounded and declared unfit for service. Mengele spent several months in the hospital. After recovery, he was sent to Auschwitz, where he began his scientific activities.
Selection
Selecting victims for experiments was Mengele's favorite pastime. The doctor only needed one glance at the prisoner to determine his state of health. He sent most of the prisoners to gas chambers. And only a few prisoners managed to delay death. It was hard with those whom Mengele saw as “guinea pigs.”
Most likely, this person suffered from an extreme form of mental illness. He even enjoyed the thought that he had a huge amount of human lives. That is why he was always next to the arriving train. Even when this was not required of him. His criminal actions were guided not only by the desire for scientific research, but also a thirst to manage. Just one word from him was enough to send tens or hundreds of people to the gas chambers. Those that were sent to laboratories became material for experiments. But what was the purpose of these experiments?
Invincible faith in the Aryan utopia, explicit psychical deviations- these are the components of Joseph Mengele's personality. All his experiments were aimed at creating a new means that could stop the reproduction of representatives of unwanted peoples. Mengele not only equated himself with God, he placed himself above him.
Joseph Mengele's experiments
The Angel of Death dissected babies and castrated boys and men. He performed the operations without anesthesia. Experiments on women involved high-voltage electric shocks. He conducted these experiments to test endurance. Mengele once sterilized several Polish nuns using X-rays. But the main passion of the “Doctor of Death” was experiments on twins and people with physical defects.
To each his own
On the gates of Auschwitz it was written: Arbeit macht frei, which means “work sets you free.” The words Jedem das Seine were also present here. Translated into Russian - “To each his own.” At the gates of Auschwitz, at the entrance to the camp in which more than a million people died, a saying of the ancient Greek sages appeared. The principle of justice was used by the SS as the motto of the most cruel idea in the entire history of mankind.