The main characters of the story “The Man on the Watch” are a simple soldier named Postnikov and the battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Svinin. The story takes place in the winter of 1839 in St. Petersburg. That year there was a strong thaw and extensive polynyas formed on the Neva. Soldier Postnikov, standing at night duty near the Winter Palace, heard the screams of a drowning man. The soldier had no right to leave his post, and there was no way to call anyone else to help a drowning man.
Distinguished by his spiritual sensitivity, Postnikov could not listen indifferently to cries for help and decided to leave his post. He went down onto the ice and pulled the drowning man out of the water. A sleigh passed by, in which sat an officer of the disabled team, to whom the soldier handed over the rescued man. After which the soldier returned to his post.
He later honestly reported the violation to his commander. And the commander reported the incident to Lieutenant Colonel Svinin. Svinin was a service worker by nature and always demanded that his subordinates strictly fulfill their duties. For any violations, he dealt very strictly with the offenders. In this situation, the main question that worried the lieutenant colonel was that the act of Postnikov, who left his post, could cast a shadow on Svinin’s impeccable reputation.
Svinin decided to act and went to Chief Police Chief Kokoshkin, who was in charge of all city incidents, including rescuing drowning people. Kokoshkin called the bailiff on duty, along with whom an officer from the disabled team and a man rescued from the Neva arrived. And then it turned out that the officer of the disabled team decided to appropriate the laurels of the savior to himself, counting on a medal for saving a drowning man. Although Kokoshkin and Svinin knew that the officer was telling a lie, they decided not to expose the officer in a lie so that Svinin’s reputation would not be damaged.
Despite the successful resolution of the problem for him, upon arrival at the unit, Svinin ordered that soldier Postnikov be punished for leaving his post. Postnikov received two hundred blows with rods and was sent to the infirmary for treatment. Svinin personally visited him in the hospital and gave the punished soldier a pound of sugar and a quarter of a pound of tea for his recovery.
This is the summary of the story.
The main idea of the story “The Man on the Clock” is that situations happen in life when you have to choose between fulfilling your official duty and the dictates of your conscience. Soldier Postnikov acted according to his conscience, saving a man, but at the same time violated the military regulations by leaving his post. Was he right to commit this violation? From the point of view of universal human morality, Postnikov is certainly right. But army life has its own harsh laws, which categorically prohibit doing what Postnikov did. And the soldier humbly accepted the punishment imposed by the battalion commander, knowing that by army standards such a punishment in those days was considered quite mild. Lieutenant Colonel Svinin could not have acted differently; the officers simply would not have understood him. Svinin only mitigated the punishment as much as possible and after it showed some concern for the common soldier.
The story “The Man on the Clock” teaches you to act according to your conscience, regardless of any circumstances, even the need to suffer severe punishment for violating your official duties.
In the story “The Man on the Watch,” I liked the simple soldier Postnikov, who did not remain indifferent to a drowning man, although he had the right not to assist him, being on duty as a sentry. Postnikov knew perfectly well that he faced not only corporal punishment, but also trial and being sent to hard labor. However, he still saved the life of a complete stranger.
What proverbs fit the story “The Man on the Clock”?
Help that is provided on time is good.
To observe a duty is to perform excellent service.
It is better to act well than to talk.
Each soldier sees the performance of his duty differently. For some, this is impeccable adherence to the charter, for others it is the protection of the honor and dignity of the sovereign, and still others understand that responsibility must be held, first of all, to one’s conscience. In the story “The Man on the Clock,” N. S. Leskov shows how thin the line is between duty and violation of the charter, how difficult it is to make a choice when human life is at stake.
The first date of publication of the story was April 1887. It was published in the magazine “Russian Thought” under the title “The Rescue of the Perishing,” later changed by Leskov to “The Man on the Clock.”
The work is based on real events. Some characters were copied by the author from people living at that historical time: N. I. Miller, N. P. Svinin and S. A. Kokoshkin, who during the reign of Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich were actually in public service and were directly related to those described in the book events.
Genre, direction
“The Man on the Clock” is a story that “exposes” the tragic vicissitudes and injustices of the military environment. The author works in a realistic direction.
He, like a doctor, thoroughly examines the anxious tossing of the human heart, squeezed by the rigid framework of the harsh laws of the Nicholas era.
The essence
How difficult and dramatic the road to finding earthly destiny is. Soldier Postnikov, leaving his post, helps the stranger get out of the hole. Is human life really not worth it? Unfortunately, only a few people think so. And Lieutenant Colonel Svinin and Chief Police Chief Kokoshkin are doing everything possible so that the sovereign does not find out about this young soldier’s offense, otherwise “everyone’s hats will fly off.”
As a result, the current situation is brought to the point of absurdity, while Postnikov’s heroism remains a secret. The sentry is assigned two hundred rods; instead of a medal for his rescue, he receives a pound of sugar and a quarter of a pound of tea.
The main characters and their characteristics
- Postnikov- soldier of the Izmailovsky regiment. A very sensitive, nervous person who lives by the law of conscience. An executive and intelligent fighter, guided not only by the regulations, but also by his heart. Postnikov has a bright soul and an extraordinary sense of gratitude to his neighbor. Even when he was sentenced to two hundred rods, he was immensely happy that he managed to avoid a military trial.
- Captain Nikolai Ivanovich Miller– humanist, reliable officer. He loves to read and spends all his free time reading books. He stands up for his subordinates because he feels responsible for them. A soft and compassionate heart beats in his chest, which is the subject of condemnation from higher commanders. Miller is a pedant, he does everything with the utmost precision.
- Lieutenant Colonel Svinin- a “serviceman” who believes that it is inappropriate to discuss the motives that guide guilty soldiers. As they say, if you are guilty, then answer to the fullest extent of the law. Trying to pity him is a waste of time. He carefully guards his reputation and career, “blows away specks of dust from it,” just to take an honorable place in the portrait gallery of historical figures of the Russian state. The pig cannot be called soulless, but the severity of his character and love of excessive discipline do not inspire sympathy for this character.
- Chief of Police Kokoshkin has amazing tact. It can turn the situation around in such a way that not only “the fly will turn into an elephant, but the elephant will turn into a fly.” Those around him see him as a strict and demanding leader who, if desired, can be a powerful and zealous defender. Kokoshkin devotes all his time to work, even to the detriment of his own health. He can do a lot, and if a passionate desire for activity awakens in him, he will definitely achieve his goal.
Themes
- Main theme - love and compassion for one's neighbor. Hearing exhausted, desperate cries, the sentry tries to overcome his wildly beating heart. He understands that he has no right to leave his post. But how scary it is to hear the groans of a dying person and at the same time remain indifferent! A cry for help overcomes fear for oneself. Postnikov rushes to the ice hole and saves the drowning man, thereby signing his own death sentence.
- A red thread runs through the entire story the theme of Russian arbitrariness and lawlessness Nikolaev regime. The servants, fearing for their careers, fuss: just so that the emperor does not find out about their mistakes. Both Svinin and Kokoshkin are ready to take matters to the point of absurdity, to contrive, to “get away with it.” With this approach, the rank and file are the extreme ones. And here you have to rely on luck: either the person is quietly released, or rewarded with two hundred rods, or shot.
- Theme of Righteousness sounds throughout the entire story. Soldier Postnikov does not care about his nobility being noted in any way. The sentry does not pursue glory, unlike the officer of the disabled regiment. He invisibly performs a feat of philanthropy for the sake of goodness and peace of mind.
- The topic of spiritual indifference occupies an important place. The saved one doesn’t care who pulled him out of the hole. Perhaps he was in a state of passion and did not remember anyone. Later, this “brother” did not even say a single word of gratitude to his savior. He simply “rolled out” from the chief police chief, immensely pleased that he was released. And for the sake of this subject, soldier Postnikov risked his life?
- Main problem - humanism and duty as components of military service, the conflict of these two principles. Sooner or later, a military man faces a moral dilemma: listen to his inner voice or meekly follow the regulations. It is difficult to find an answer to this question, and N. S. Leskov shows how difficult and dramatic this choice is.
- One more problem - relationship between soldiers and officers. Many military personnel view lower ranks as blind executors of orders. But there are exceptions, like Captain Miller, whose soul “sicks” for his subordinates. Such commanders become fair mentors for soldiers. Orders are not discussed in the army, but the rank and file need mutual understanding and support from their “senior” comrades.
- The problem of meanness on the way to the goal. What lengths can you go to for a medal and public recognition? An officer of a disabled regiment behaves cowardly. He takes credit for the sentry's feat and declares publicly that the rescue of the drowning man is his merit. The chief police officer hides Postnikov's misconduct, which results in the deceiver receiving the medal.
- The problem of lies and incomplete truth. Svinin talks with the bishop and is forced to admit that in the story with Postnikov there was a lot of understatement and deception.
- The problem of the influence of alcohol on human consciousness. Leskov mentions that the drowning man was “drunk” and wanted to shorten the path by crossing the ice, but he lost his way and fell into the water. If the mind were clear and not clouded, then the problem would not arise.
Issues
Meaning
Military service is not an easy matter. It is difficult to condemn a commander who punishes a soldier who has violated the regulations. We must always remember that beyond the document there must be respect for the individual. Life on earth is impossible without people with sincere hearts, otherwise the world will become mired in lies, hypocrisy, opportunism and self-interest. The main idea of the work is that a person should put compliance with formalities above the life and health of other people.
In addition, the main idea of the work is the realization that good must be done for the sake of good itself, without waiting for any rewards. This is what reliable and conscientious people do, ready to help those in need.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!Composition
Leskov's story "The Man on the Clock" was written in 1887. The author confronts us with the problem of moral choice.
Leskov reveals this problem in the scene when the main character Postnikov is on duty and hears the cries of a dying man for help. Postnikov has been tormented by doubts for a long time. On the one hand, if he leaves his post, he will violate the military regulations, and he will be punished. On the other hand, if he does not save a drowning man, his conscience will torment him, and this is worse than military punishment. Nevertheless, Postnikov makes his choice and saves the drowning man, after which he ends up with the military authorities.
The author makes us think about what is more important - human life or soldier's duty. And shows us that human life is more important. One cannot but agree with this, because Postnikov violated the oath for the sake of a good cause, however, the military leadership did not appreciate this act and punished Postnikov. The army authorities are shown to us as “Dead people” - for them, words on paper are more important than human life. The exception is Officer Miller, but such people are not liked “for their humanism.”
To prove all of the above, I will give an example. Let us recall Maxim Gorky’s story “The Old Woman Izergil,” namely the legend of Danko: Danko, like Postnikov, is faced with a choice and commits a feat of self-sacrifice. He rips out his heart, and it lights the tribe's path. However, Danko's feat went unnoticed. Moreover, there was a man who stepped on his heart with his foot.
Danko made his choice and saved the tribe. Postnikov and Danko placed the possibility of saving someone else's life higher than the desire to preserve their own life.
And in our time there is a place for heroism. Not so long ago, policeman Dmitry Makovkin, who died in a terrorist attack in Volgograd, stopped the terrarist at the entrance to the station building. Thanks to his actions, a large number of human casualties were avoided. Dmitry, just like Postnikov and Danko, was faced with a choice: he could not make up his mind and stop the terrorist, but, thanks to his courage, he saved a large number of people, and, unfortunately, paid with his life.
All the above-mentioned heroes are united by courage, bravery, the ability to make bold decisions and the ability to put the lives of those around them above their own.
Expert assessment of essay No. 1
Leskov’s story (it would be appropriate to give the author’s initials) “The Man on the Clock” was written in 1887. The author confronts us with the problem of moral choice. (The second sentence in this context should have a pronominal connection with the first - a grammatical error, in addition, the phrase “poses a problem for us” is better replaced with “raises a problem” - a speech defect, the beginning could look like this: In the story by N.S. Leskov "The Man on the Clock", written in 1887, raises the problem of moral choice.)
Leskov (no initials) reveals this problem in the scene when the main character Postnikov is on duty and hears the cries of a dying man for help. Postnikov has been tormented by doubts for a long time. On the one hand, if he leaves his post, then he (speech error: repetition of a word) will violate the military regulations, and he will be punished. On the other hand, if he does not save a drowning man, his conscience will torment him, and this is worse than military punishment. Nevertheless, Postnikov makes his choice and saves the drowning man, after which he ends up with the military authorities.
The author makes us think about what is more important - human life or soldier's duty. And shows us that human life is more important. One cannot but agree with this (this sentence should have been started with a new paragraph), because Postnikov violated the oath for the sake of a good cause, however, (punctuation error: there is no need for a comma after the word “however”) the military leadership did not appreciate this act and punished Postnikov. The army leadership is shown to us as “Dead people” (grammatical error) - for them, words on paper are more important than human life. The exception is Officer Miller, but such people are not liked “for their humanism” (a logical error in the continuation of a sentence that is not related to the previous text and offers a new topic for discussion).
To prove all of the above (it was said above that people like Miller are not loved for their humanism..., the author of the essay apparently refers us to the beginning of the third paragraph, but we should not guess about this, the logical connection should not be broken) , (punctuation error: a comma is not needed) I will give an example (but you should not give an example, but create an evidence base for the thesis being put forward). Let us recall Maxim Gorky’s story “The Old Woman Izergil,” namely the legend of Danko: Danko, like Postnikov, is faced with a choice and commits a feat of self-sacrifice. He rips out his heart, and it lights the tribe's path. However, (punctuation error: there is no need for a comma after the word “however”), Danko’s feat went unnoticed. Moreover, there was a man who stepped on his heart with his foot.
Danko made his choice and saved the tribe. Postnikov and Danko placed the possibility of saving someone else’s life higher than the desire to preserve their own life (speech error - pleonasm: it was enough to use the word “one’s” or “own”).
And in our time there is a place for heroism. Not so long ago, (punctuation error: no comma needed) policeman Dmitry Makovkin, who died in the terrorist attack in Volgograd, (punctuation error: no comma needed) stopped a terrarist (spelling error: terrorist) at the entrance to the station building. Thanks to his actions, a large number of human casualties were avoided. Dmitry, (punctuation error: no comma needed), just like Postnikov and Danko, was faced with a choice: he could not make up his mind and stop the terrorist, but, thanks to his courage, he saved a large number of people, and, unfortunately, paid with his life .
All the above-mentioned heroes are united by courage, bravery, the ability to make bold decisions and the ability to put the lives of others (grammatical error: correctly - “the lives of others”) above their own.
All of the above allows us to conclude: Leskov’s story teaches that human duty is most important. It may not always be appreciated, but that’s not the main thing. The main thing is to always act as your conscience and honor tell you.
Vladyko- the bishop to whom Lieutenant Colonel Svinin tells the story of the rescue of a drowning man by the sentry Postnikov. The Bishop justifies the punishment of Postnikov by Svinin and hypocritically reveals the triumph of the highest divine justice, the manifestation of providence in the disgusting story with Postnikov. Vladykov in the story “The Man on the Clock” embodies the official beginning in Orthodoxy of the era of Nicholas I, sanctifying the vile actions of those in power. The Bishop is a real historical person, Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret (Drozdov), a negative attitude towards whom is expressed in several other works by Leskov.
Kokoshkin- St. Petersburg Chief of Police; acts as the savior and benefactor of Lieutenant Colonel Svinin and his subordinate Captain Miller, paradoxically combining the role of a merciful benefactor and an unrighteous dignitary. Wanting to protect Svinin and Miller from trouble, Kokoshkin rewards not the real savior Postnikov, but the officer, for saving the drowning man. Kokoshkin is a real historical figure.
Miller Nikolay Ivanovich- captain of the Izmailovsky regiment, company commander of Private Postnikov, telling his story. The humane Miller is contrasted with the service worker Svinin, devoid of compassion for the unfortunate Postnikov. Miller's kindness from the story “The Man on the Watch” is powerless against the cruel, iron adherence to the letter of the military regulations. Miller is a real person, an acquaintance of Leskov, from whom the writer learned the story told in “The Man on the Clock.”
Officer- officer of the disabled team guarding the royal palace; A witness to the rescue of a drowning man by the sentry Postnikov, he acts as a false savior, a false hero. The officer takes credit for saving the drowning man, hoping to receive a reward; however, the inconsistency of the story causes mistrust among the police. The desire of Lieutenant Colonel Svinin to avoid the sovereign’s displeasure for Postnikov’s military misconduct (who left his post near the royal palace to save a man) and the desire of Chief of Police Kokoshkin to please the sovereign by distinguishing the military man serving in the palace security, lead to the awarding of the Officer.
Postnikov- Private of the Izmailovsky Regiment; after much hesitation between observing the charter and human duty, he saves a drowning man from death, leaving his post near the royal palace. He acts in the paradoxical role of a war criminal and a hero at the same time. Instead of the reward for saving a man, which the officer receives, Postnikov, who miraculously escaped the most severe punishment with spitzrutens, is sentenced by Lieutenant Colonel Svinin to two hundred blows with rods. The story of this hero of the story “The Man on the Watch” testifies to the cruelty and absurdity of army orders in the era of Nicholas I, based on the unquestioning execution of all provisions of the military regulations in all situations. The absurdity of the situation is aggravated by Postnikov’s confidence in the justice of the punishment and joy that the execution turned out to be not so cruel.
Svinin- Lieutenant Colonel of the Izmailovsky Regiment, battalion commander, under whom Postnikov is subordinate. This hero of the story “The Man on the Clock” is presented in the contradictory role of both Postnikov’s savior and executioner: wanting to avoid trouble, he hides Postnikov’s misdemeanor feat, but personally gives the order for his punishment. Svinin is a devout servant in whom loyalty to the regulations of the charter suppresses kindness and compassion.
Topic: “Moral problems of the story by N.S. Leskova "Man on the Clock"
Goals:
Educational:
Determine the idea of the work
Educational:
Educational:
Foster a culture of speech
Epigraph:“So that everything human in a person may triumph” (N.S. Leskov)
Lesson type: extracurricular reading lesson
Techniques: commented reading, retelling, story with elements of conversation
Equipment:
For the teacher:
Lesson summary, story text, multimedia projector, screen, computer.
For students:
Text of the story, writing materials, notebook, diary
Lesson Plan
Motivation for learning activities
Goal setting and determining the topic of the lesson
Learning new material. Creating a problem situation
Fizminutka
Conception stage
Reflection stage
Summing up the lesson
Homework
Lesson summary on literature in 6th grade on the topic
“Moral problems of the story by N.S. Leskova "Man on the Clock"
Lesson steps
Content
Sample answers
students
Note
Motivation for learning activities
Hello guys.
Sit down. Prepare your diaries and the text of the story “The Man on the Clock”
I will give you self-assessment sheets to complete at the end of the lesson.
Let's look at the spring landscape together
How does it make you feel?
How do you feel looking at the steppe landscape?
Joy, delight, feeling of spring and warmth
Slide 1
Goal setting and determining the topic of the lesson
You have all read Nikolai Semenovich Leskov’s story “The Man on the Clock.”
Tell me, what is the main idea of this work?
Yes, right.
The topic of our lesson today is: Moral problems of N.S. Leskov’s story “The Man on the Clock.”
Today we will analyze the story, identify the main problems of the story and define its idea.
Read the epigraph to our lesson?
How do you understand Leskov’s words?
Fine. As we know, the story “The Man on the Clock” was published in 1887 in the journal “Russian Thought” under the title “The Salvation of the Perishing.” Later the name was changed. Why the author changed the name – we’ll try to answer at the end of the lesson.
A person must always remain a person
“So that everything human in a person may triumph” (N.S. Leskov)
Compassion for others, kindness
Slide 2
Writing on the board
Slide 3
Learning new material.
Creating a problem situation
So, let's start working on the story.
Let's open the texts
Briefly answer, what is the story about?
Name the heroes.
Each character in this story faces the problem of choice.
The action of each hero characterizes him from a moral point of view. Let's try to understand the reasons for these actions, but first let's get acquainted with the characteristic features of the historical era discussed in the story.
About how a guard saved a drowning man by violating an order.
Postnikov, disabled service officer, Miller, Svinin, Kokoshkin, Bishop.
Introduction to the historical era:
Read the text: when and where did the incident told by the author occur?
Fine. This was the era of the reign of Emperor Nicholas 1. He was also called Nikolai Palkin. Under his rule, arbitrariness and cruel orders reigned in the country, and especially in the army. It was a scary time. Fear of higher authorities reigned. For the slightest offense and deviation from the law or military regulations, severe punishment followed, including beating with spitzrutens. Spitzruten is a long, flexible, wooden rod for corporal punishment in the 17th-19th centuries.
The convict was forced to walk through a line of one hundred and eight hundred to the beat of drums.
soldiers who beat the condemned man on the back with rods. At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of blows reached
up to six thousand, which was tantamount to the death penalty.
The story is based on actual events.
“In winter, around Epiphany...”
In 1839, in St. Petersburg
Slide 4,5,6,7
Fizminutka
Now let’s take a few minutes to exercise
Guys, watch the chamomile move
Slide
8 ,9,10,11
Work with text
Guys, in the second chapter we meet the first hero.
Who is he?
Right. Guys, look at the board. IN AND. Dahl gives us this interpretation of the word “humane”.
Humane - that is, humane, philanthropic. Based on this characteristic given by the author, we can say that he is a positive person both in service and in human qualities.
Let's look at the further development of the action. What happens next?
What terrible misfortune is this? Please retell it
Right. Who is this sentry? What kind of person is soldier Postnikov? Find and read paragraph 2 in chapter 4
Yes you are right. In V.I. Dahl’s dictionary, “post” has several meanings: place, position, guard, and also
abstinence from fast food. Now the Nativity fast is underway.
Tell me, in which regiment did Postnikov serve?
Let's see what kind of regiment it was.
The Izmailovsky regiment was formed in Moscow September 22nd 1730 in order to protect the throne of Empress Anna Ioanovna.
The regiment took part in the Russian-Turkish wars and the Patriotic War of 1812. The regiment especially distinguished itself in the Battle of Borodino in 1812. Service in the Izmailovsky Regiment was honorable and respected.
All this characterizes Postnikov on the positive side.
Being a compassionate person, taking everything to heart, pitiful, he could not remain indifferent to the screams of a drowning man. So, there is a struggle going on inside Postnikov.
Find among the words offered to you those that characterize “heart.”
Find among the words offered to you those that characterize “mind.”
Read the words that characterize the heart.
Read the words that describe intelligence
Formulate the problem facing Postnikov.
And how was the internal struggle resolved?
The hero needs to make a moral choice between duty and compassion.
– How do you guys understand the expression “moral choice”?
Right. That is, Postnikov, knowing full well what terrible punishment will follow, leaves his post in order, perhaps, at the cost of his own life, to save the life of another person.
Guys, just imagine how this unfortunate man suffered. How hard it was for him to stand and listen to the screams of a man who would certainly die if he, Postnikov, did not help him.
Why is everyone so worried? What does Postnikov's superiors expect? Let's read
Right. That is, everyone, including the authorities, faced very unpleasant consequences. And everyone, naturally, got very scared and began to take certain actions. Next, another character appears before us - Svinin. What kind of person was he and why was he afraid of the consequences of this act?
Let's open chapter 7, paragraphs 1,3.
Thank you. That is, he was very much afraid for the “honor of his uniform.” Please note that this is a real historical figure. What does he decide to do?
How do you understand the phrase “making a molehill out of an elephant”?
That's right, that is, it is precisely because of this ability that Svinin decides to turn to Kokoshkin.
Why is Kokoshkin calm when Svinin reports to him about such an emergency?
Right. And also because he was very tired and lacked sleep - this is repeatedly emphasized in the story.
Guys, how do the characters feel about the lies of a disabled officer? Everyone knows that he is lying, but why do they “believe” him?
Right.
What happened to Postnikov?
Do you think Postnikov deserved this punishment, or perhaps he should have been awarded a medal “for saving drowning people,” which unfairly went to a disabled officer?
But the story says that Postnikov himself was pleased with his punishment. Why?
True, but in itself this punishment is not very light - if after it a person cannot move independently.
Let's look at further developments. The narrative mentions a conversation between the ruler and Svinin. How does the ruler behave?
Right. And he justifies corporal punishment by hypocritically interpreting the Holy Scriptures. But he is not a hypocrite in this dialogue. Why is Svinin being a hypocrite? And is he being a hypocrite?
Right. Guys, now let’s turn to the phraseological unit “Get away unscathed.” It means “to get out of a difficult, unpleasant situation without loss or damage.” So who got away with it in this story?
Young officer Nikolai Ivanovich Miller.
He was a man with so-called “humane” tendencies, a serviceable and reliable officer.
A detached non-commissioned officer comes running and reports a “terrible misfortune”
The sentry, who was standing at his post near the Winter Palace, left his post to save a drowning man.
"…from
courtyard gentlemen...a nervous and very sensitive person...a smart soldier,
serviceable, with a clear mind..."
No, not by chance.
in the Izmailovsky regiment.
Postnikov’s heart is very rebellious: it just aches, it pounds, it just stops... Even if you tear it out and throw it away. These moans and screams make him so restless. It's scary to hear how another person dies. The booth will not run away, nothing else harmful will happen
He remembers the service and the oath, he knows that he is a sentry, and the sentry never dares to leave his booth under any pretext. Leaving a post means guilt, which will immediately be followed by punishment
What to do: save
a person and break the military oath or remain faithful to military duty, but then a drowning person will die.
The sentry could not stand it and left his post.
When we choose how
act by listening to your conscience
An invalid officer appears, he apparently understands that he saved the drowning sentry, and hurries to take the laurels for himself. It is also not beneficial for the sentry for his superiors to find out that he has left his post. He goes to the Admiralty unit. Meanwhile, the palace guard learned about what had happened.
“...they only knew that Postnikov would now certainly go to trial, and all the authorities...would get into terrible trouble..."
Chapter 7, paragraphs 1,3: Colonel Svinin did not have that compassion and that kindness that always distinguished Nikolai Ivanovich Miller; Svinin was a heartless man, but above all and most of all he was a service worker. He was distinguished by his severity and even liked to flaunt his exacting discipline. He had no taste for evil and did not look for a reason to cause unnecessary suffering to anyone, but if a person violated any duty of service, then Svinin was relentless. He considered it inappropriate to enter into a discussion of the motives that guided the movement of the guilty person in this case, but adhered to the rule that in the service every guilt is to blame
Svinin also had a well-started career... carefully guarded... the prank was bound to cast a bad shadow...
He decides to go to Chief Policeman Kokoshkin, who knew how to make not only a mountain out of a molehill, but also a fly out of an elephant. This Kokoshkin personally reported the incidents to the sovereign every morning, and Svinin decided to directly address him
That is, to make an insignificant event out of some important event, to settle this matter
Because it doesn't concern him personally
Everyone pretends to believe him because it’s convenient for everyone. This whole terrible matter is being resolved without consequences for one’s career.
He was severely punished, driven through the gauntlet with gauntlets.
(The guys' opinions were divided: guilty. Arguments: he was a soldier, he took an oath, the screams coming from the river could have been a provocation from the enemy.
Not guilty: the booth hasn’t gone anywhere, it wasn’t stolen; and the sentry saved the man).
Light punishment compared to those that would have been imposed on him by the decision of the military court, if it had taken place
The Lord justifies corporal punishment, hypocritically asserting injustice.
Yes, he is also a hypocrite. He doesn’t feel sorry for Postnikov at all - he had the opportunity not to punish this man at all. It seems to me that he is trying to appear better, purer and kinder to the clergy than he really is.
In the literal sense, this was done by a disabled officer, but figuratively (that is, in the meaning of a phraseological unit) Svinin, Kokoshkin, Miller.
Reading the last chapter.
Writing on the board
Slide 12
Writing on the board
Slide
13,14,15
Cards on a board with magnets
Slide 16 (after student responses)
Slide 17
Conception stage
Guys, the story was originally called “Saving a Perishing Man.” Why do you think the author changed it?
Why then is the story not called “Postnikov” or, say, “The Sentinel”?
Right. Even in his post, Postnikov remained human.
because Postnikov is first and foremost a person, and a person who acts morally, a person who made self-sacrifice
Slide 18
Reflection
Tell me how the epigraph to our lesson is related to the story “The Man on the Clock”
What did Leskov want to tell readers in this story?
A person must absorb all the best qualities and always remain human
In a state in which everything is built on people’s fear for their own well-being, the manifestation of philanthropy creates a hindrance and danger for those in power, people cease to understand where is good and where is evil. A person ceases to be a person and becomes part of a huge mechanism that only cares about how things don’t work out. Leskov warns that if a humane act raises doubts, then this means that we need to stop and think: why is our life going wrong?
Slide 19
Summing up the lesson
Guys, this concludes our conversation for today.
Thank you for the lesson, you did a good job.
Lesson grades
For retelling
For working with text
For participation in a group conversation
Homework
Open your diaries and write down your homework. I suggest you answer the question in writing: “What would I do if I were in Postnikov’s place?” You can use various life situations as an example and express your attitude to the problem of this work. I ask you to answer the question honestly, listen to yourself.
Slide 20
Self-analysis of a literature lesson conducted in 6th grade
Today’s lesson on the topic “Moral problems in N.S. Leskov’s story “The Man on the Clock” was the final lesson in the system of lessons for the section “Creativity of N.S. Leskov.”
Goals:
Educational:
Identify with students the main problems of N.S. Leskov’s story
Determine the idea of the work
Educational:
Develop skills in working with the text of a work of art
To develop students’ skills in determining the author’s position in a work
Enrich students' vocabulary
Educational:
To cultivate a sense of true patriotism using examples of classical literature
Foster a culture of speech
Develop the ability to listen to the answers of classmates, giving them the opportunity to express their thoughts.
Methodical techniques: To implement the educational material, the following teaching methods were used:
Analytical conversation;
Expressive reading;
Problematic question;
Commented reading
Retelling
A story with elements of conversation
In accordance with the type of lesson, the following lesson structure was provided.
This is an extracurricular reading lesson.
Stage 1. Motivation for learning activities.
The motivation of this stage was achieved with the help of an emotionally charged appeal to students - an introductory speech. The students’ mood for the lesson and their mood was analyzed using the “Landscape” technique using ICT tools, where children learn to compare their internal state with the image in the picture.
Stage 2. Goal setting and determining the topic of the lesson.
Entering into the topic of the lesson and creating conditions for conscious perception of the material. The implementation of this stage was carried out by setting specific goals for students and explaining their activities in the lesson. At this stage, the educational task is being implemented - to cultivate a sense of true patriotism, to cultivate the ability to listen to the answers of classmates, giving them the opportunity to express their thoughts.
Stage 3. Studying new material and systematizing knowledge. Creating a problem situation
At this stage, ICT presentation was used to characterize the historical era. We systematized the knowledge - compiled a chain of main events of the work. Homework was checked in the form of conversations and stories from students. For a more specific presentation of literary characters, selective reading and a comparison method were used, which made it possible to carry out the physical activity of students - they went to the board.
Stage 4.Gymnastics for the eyes.
Stage 5. Conception stage.
Expressive reading of passages from a work. Creation of a problem situation that was resolved by the students.
Stage 6. Reflection stage.
Reflection of the lesson is carried out by referring to the epigraph of the lesson. I used ICT - conclusions about the lesson were formulated together with the students. Completed self-assessment sheets.
Stage 7. Homework.
She invited the children to do creative homework. It, I think, will not cause difficulties for students, because the guys in the lesson found out the main moral problems of N.S. Leskov’s story
Intersubject relationship was carried out with lessons of the Russian language and history.
Health-saving techniques– this is gymnastics for the eyes, motor activity when performing a comparison task.
National-regional component was carried out at the beginning of the lesson during the demonstration of a photo of the steppe.
During the lesson, methods were used based on the type of information source:
Verbal, practical, visual, independent work, presentation.
Forms of cognitive activity: group, individual.
Means of education: visual, technical, didactic.
All these methods, forms and means helped to achieve didactic tasks.
The requirements for a modern lesson include the mandatory use of information technology, so a computer presentation was created.
From an educational point of view, the lesson achieved its objectives. All stages are interconnected.
During the lesson, all universal educational actions were formed - personal, communicative, cognitive, regulatory.