In 2018, changes were made that help improve the quality of education and the comfort level of students. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens. This issue is quite acute today, since due to the impossibility of enrolling a son or daughter in a preschool, thousands of Russian women cannot start working and raise the material level of their family.

Law on Preschool Education 2018

The adoption of the law involves making a number of changes to the previously existing bill. The latest changes will help make preschool education more accessible and convenient for both children and their parents.

The law provides for resolving basic issues related to:

• sending children to preschool institutions,
• the right to receive certain services,
• actions in case of lack of space in the selected garden.

KEEP THIS FOR YOURSELF SO YOU DON'T LOSE:

In the magazines "Manager's Directory" preschool" and "Directory of a senior teacher of a preschool institution" important materials for preschool educational institutions have been published:

1. What should the kindergarten development program be like? 2. Social partners: who is useful to the preschool educational institution and how

Knowing all the intricacies of the new bill will help parents quickly navigate a controversial situation and know the procedure for their successful resolution. The innovations also affected the order and age of registration of children in kindergarten and opportunities to obtain a place in an institution on a preferential basis. Educators will also be able to learn about their rights to provide a certain range of educational and educational services. The bill is aimed at correcting shortcomings in the preschool education system in order to general improvement functioning of this area.

Law on preschool education

This bill regulates all the intricacies of the work of kindergartens - from the selection of groups to the features of educational programs. The law provides the right to receive free preschool education to absolutely all children, regardless of their place of residence and registration in the country.

Previously, only 40 percent of preschoolers received places in kindergartens. Today, it happens that the heads of preschool institutions refuse to accept the child into kindergarten. Adoption law on education of preschool institutions regulates this question. Until recently, it was easier to design a place in the garden from the age of three. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to decide on a nursery. Gradually this situation will be resolved by introducing new places for children from one and a half years old on a paid basis.

Since 2018, kindergarten must accept all children from the age of three to seven, if there are unoccupied places in the preschool institution.

Features that the law on the education of preschool institutions takes into account

In 2018, the bill was amended to regulate the following issues.

1. The total number of permanent groups in gardens will be reduced by 1.5 times.
2. Parents will have the opportunity to send their children to schools that operate exclusively on an educational basis, absolutely free of charge.
3. Let's start work special centers counseling. In them, families who need support will be able to receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory assistance.
4. Kindergartens receive the right (and not exclusively the obligation) to provide care, supervision and education for children in the institution.
5. The law provides for compensation for fees in the amount of 20 percent for the first child, 50 for the second, 70 for the third and all subsequent ones. Mandatory payment for services is regulated depending on pricing in the market in full.
6. Kindergartens receive the right to refuse to provide places for children aged one and a half, two, three years and older in the event of their absence.
7. Parents of pupils have the right to wait in line for a free place in another preschool institution.

Law on preschool education provides for the possibility in the future of obtaining the right for families of children to invite educators to the home for one-and-a-half-year-old pupils. It is planned to create preschool groups at schools, as well as an increase in the number of private kindergartens.

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Who will receive preferential tuition in a preschool institution?

Innovations in the legislation provide for the design of a place in the garden without the need for the next person to get in line.

1. Orphans, adopted children, as well as those who are under guardianship or left without parental care.
2. For pupils whose families suffered due to the Chernobyl disaster.
3. Children whose parents are orphans or are without parental care at the age of 18-23 years.
4. For pupils whose parents are employees of the prosecutor's office, Investigative Committee or the police.
5. Disabled parents, single mothers, large families, children of kindergarten workers, children who have a brother or sister studying at this institution can also receive registration without a queue.
6. Children whose parents serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When exactly will children be able to register for kindergarten?

Provides for the right to children from three to seven years old to study in preschool institutions free of charge. The opportunity to enroll in kindergarten directly depends on the availability free seats at the selected establishment. Workload and admission of children into groups is carried out taking into account the rules internal regulations specific children's organization.

Actions in case of lack of space for children in preschool educational institutions

Law on preschool education 2018 allows the child’s family to write a special application for the purpose of registering the child in another kindergarten. If a parent is denied admission to his children, he can write a complaint to the city education department. This statement must consider and make an appropriate decision.

If in this department the parents receive a refusal to register their child in a preschool institution, they can go to the prosecutor’s office or write a letter to the President to get help in resolving the controversial situation.

• Innovations that provide for amendments to legislation guarantee significant changes in the field of preschool education.
• By reducing the number of children in groups, it becomes possible to provide individual approach to each child, the burden on teachers is reduced.
• Certain categories of citizens will have the opportunity to send their children to kindergarten without having to stand in line to get a place.
• Law on preschool education regulates the age of admission to kindergarten, as well as the need for reform in nurseries.

Changes in legislation guarantee an increase in commercial kindergartens, which will certainly have enough places for all pupils. Parents will not have to wait in line for years to go to work and provide quality care for their baby.

Compliance with the rules and regulations provided for by current legislation is guaranteed in both public and private kindergartens. The bill regulates the basic standards of preschool education, which all institutions must adhere to.

Nadezhda Kornilova
Preschool education system in the new Law “On Education”

Dear Colleagues!

Changes in preschool education system in the new Law"About education» few, but they are very significant. In accordance with paragraph 4 C. 10 D. 2 Law"About education» in the Russian Federation the following levels of general education:

1) preschool education;

2) initial general education;

3) basic general education;

4) average overall education.

It means that preschool education now it becomes independent level education. And therefore, in parallel with by law"About education» federal state was developed educational standard of preschool education. In June, the draft Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education was published, which is currently under wide discussion by the public, including Dosh teachers. Institution Khvalynsky district. It is the introduction of OS that will entail significant changes in the organization of educational educational activities preschool organizations. GEF includes requirements: 1) to the structure of the main educational programs; 2) to the conditions for the implementation of the main educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions; 3) to the results of mastering the basic educational programs. Unlike other standards, preschool C. is not basis conformity assessment established requirements educational activities and training of students.

Development educational programs for preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications And final certification pupils. The standard must normatively provide state guarantees equality of opportunity for every child to receive preschool education.

IN new law"About education» state guarantees are spelled out regarding the “obligation” preschool education". Clause 3. Article 5 Chapter 1 interprets: "IN Russian Federation universal accessibility and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with federal government regulations educational standards for preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education..." etc.

This is not a requirement for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee from the state that it undertakes obligations and officially records this in law- provide everyone with full-fledged preschool education". The parent himself will decide where to send his child - to a daycare center, a family group, non-governmental institution or will it be

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out as in preschool institution, and in the form of family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) minor students, ensuring that children receive preschool education in the form family education , have the right to receive methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including preschool educational organizations And general education organizations , if appropriate consultation centers have been created in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation".

According to new Law"About education» The preschool is separated from the supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only educational organizations, but also other organizations carrying out educational activities. Supervision and care of children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Preschool education is free, and childcare becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder is given the right not to charge fees or to reduce their size for certain categories of parents. For the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations, there is no parental fee. At the same time, the norms for compensation of part of the parental boards: no less than 20% of the average amount of parental fees for the first child, no less than 50% for the second child, no less than 70% of the amount of such fees for the third child and subsequent children.

Introduction new Law in effect caused the emergence of another normative document: in accordance with part 2 of article 13 by the Ministry Education of the Russian Federation published“The procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in general education programs of preschool education" This regulatory act establishes the rules for organizing and implementing educational activities both for preschool organizations , and for other organizations implementing programs preschool education or supervising and caring for children.

So, Dear colleagues, we are entering the new school year with a new by law. Congratulations on your start school year and wish you creative, fruitful success in the implementation Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

Chapter 7. General education

Chapter 8. Professional education

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education for certain categories of students

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education

new basic law on education in Russia

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law was developed in order to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education and is a fundamental regulatory legal act in the field of education.

The law determines the levels general education(pre-school education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and levels of vocational education (secondary professional education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialty, master's degree; higher education - personnel training highly qualified). Another level is introduced higher education- training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistantship internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various orientations and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of entities that have the right to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of “non-educational” organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law contains a separate article devoted to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs conducting educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students in vocational education institutions.

The law contains separate norms dedicated to:

Credit-modular system of the organization educational process and the credit system;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including a mechanism for crediting the results of mastering individual parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process and others.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, the models have been updated economic activity in the field of education.

From the date of entry into force of this law, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” are recognized as no longer in force.

Russian Federation

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Duma

Federation Council

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law is social relations arising in the field of education in connection with the implementation of the right to education, ensuring state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter referred to as relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

I. General provisions

1. This Model Regulation regulates the activities of state and municipal preschool educational institutions of all types.

2. For non-state preschool educational institutions, this Model Regulation is exemplary.

3. Preschool educational institution - a type of educational institution that implements the basic general education program of preschool education.

The state status of a preschool educational institution (type, type and category of educational institution, determined in accordance with the level and focus of the educational programs it implements) is established when it state accreditation, unless otherwise provided by federal laws.

A preschool educational institution provides education, training and development, as well as supervision, care and health improvement for children aged 2 months to 7 years.

4. A preschool educational institution creates conditions for the implementation of the right guaranteed to citizens of the Russian Federation to receive publicly accessible and free preschool education.

5. The main objectives of a preschool educational institution are:

protection of life and strengthening of physical and mental health children;
ensuring cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical development of children;
education, taking into account the age categories of children, citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for surrounding nature, Motherland, family;
implementation of the necessary correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of children;
interaction with children's families to ensure the full development of children;
providing advisory and methodological assistance parents (legal representatives) on issues of upbringing, education and development of children.

6. A preschool educational institution can carry out rehabilitation of disabled children if it has appropriate conditions.

7. Preschool educational institutions include educational institutions of the following types:

kindergarten (implements the basic general education program of preschool education in groups with a general developmental focus);

kindergarten for children early age(implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation for children aged 2 months to 3 years, creates conditions for social adaptation and early socialization of children);

kindergarten for children of preschool (senior preschool) age (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation, as well as, if necessary, in groups of compensatory and combined orientation for children aged 5 to 7 years with priority implementation of activities to ensure equal starting opportunities for teaching children in educational institutions);

kindergarten for supervision and health improvement (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in health-related groups with priority implementation of activities for carrying out sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures);

compensatory kindergarten (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in compensatory groups with priority implementation of activities for the qualified correction of deficiencies in the physical and (or) mental development of one or more categories of children with disabilities health);

kindergarten combined type(implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental, compensatory, health-improving and combined orientations in various combinations);

a general developmental kindergarten with priority implementation of activities in one of the areas of children's development (implements the basic general educational program of preschool education in groups of general developmental orientation with priority implementation of activities for the development of children in one of such areas as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic or physical);

child development center - kindergarten (implements the main general educational program of preschool education in groups with a general developmental focus with priority implementation of activities for the development of children in several areas, such as cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic and physical).

8. Main structural unit preschool educational institution is a group of children preschool age.

In the case of the creation of groups in educational institutions of other types that implement the basic general education program of preschool education in accordance with the license, their activities are regulated by these Model Regulations.

Groups can have a general developmental, compensatory, health-improving or combined orientation.

In general development groups, preschool education is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed independently by it on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general education program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation.

In compensatory groups, qualified correction of deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development and preschool education of children with disabilities is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed independently by it on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

Health-related groups are created for children with tuberculosis intoxication, frequently ill children and other categories of children who need a set of special health-improving measures. In recreational groups, preschool education of children is carried out in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed by it independently on the basis of an approximate basic general educational program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general educational program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, as well as a complex of sanitary and hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures.

In combined groups, healthy children and children with disabilities are educated together in accordance with the educational program of the educational institution, developed independently by it on the basis of an approximate basic general education program of preschool education and federal state requirements for the structure of the main general education program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation, taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

Groups can include both children of the same age and children different ages(different age groups).

The groups also differ in the time the children stay and operate in a mode full day(12-hour stay), shortened day (8 - 10-hour stay), extended day(14-hour stay), short-term stay (3 to 5 hours per day) and 24-hour stay. Groups operate in 5-day and 6-day modes working week. At the request of parents (legal representatives), it is possible to organize group work also on weekends and holidays.

9. A preschool educational institution in its activities is guided by federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the relevant state or municipal body exercising management in the field of education, these Model Regulations, the charter of a preschool educational institution (hereinafter - charter), an agreement concluded between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

10. The language (languages) in which training and education are conducted in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder and (or) the charter. In a preschool educational institution, conditions are created for learning the Russian language as state language Russian Federation.

11. In order to fulfill its tasks, a preschool educational institution has the right to establish direct connections with enterprises, institutions and organizations, including foreign ones.

12. A preschool educational institution is responsible for established by law The Russian Federation is responsible for:

performing the functions specified by the charter;
implementation in in full basic general education program of preschool education;
quality of implemented educational programs;
compliance of the applied forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process with the age, psychophysiological characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of children;
life and health of children and employees of preschool educational institutions during the educational process.

13. The creation and implementation of activities is not allowed in a preschool educational institution organizational structures political parties, socio-political and religious movements and organizations (associations). In state and municipal preschool educational institutions, education is secular in nature.

II. Organization of activities of a preschool educational institution

14. A preschool educational institution is created by the founder and registered in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

15. The founders of a state preschool educational institution are federal authorities executive power and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The founders of a municipal preschool educational institution are the authorities local government.

16. The relationship between the founder and the preschool educational institution is determined by an agreement concluded between them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

17. The rights of a legal entity in terms of maintaining the statutory financial economic activity arise at a preschool educational institution from the moment of its registration.

A preschool educational institution independently carries out financial and economic activities, may have an independent balance sheet and a personal account (account) opened in the prescribed manner, seal established sample, stamp and forms with your name.

18. The right to conduct educational activities and receive benefits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation arises for a preschool educational institution from the moment a license (permit) is issued to it.

19. A preschool educational institution undergoes state accreditation in the manner established by law Russian Federation "On Education".

20. A preschool educational institution may be created, reorganized and liquidated in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

21. The content of the educational process in a preschool educational institution is determined by the educational program of preschool education, developed, adopted and implemented by it independently in accordance with federal state requirements to the structure of the basic general education program of preschool education and the conditions for its implementation established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing public policy and legal regulation in the field of education, and taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and capabilities of children.

22. In accordance with the goals and objectives defined by the charter, a preschool educational institution may implement additional educational programs and provide additional educational services outside the educational programs that determine its status, taking into account the needs of the family and on the basis of an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives).

Paid educational services cannot be provided in return and within the framework of the main educational activities financed by the founder.

23. The operating hours of a preschool educational institution and the length of stay of children in it are determined by the charter, an agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder.

24. The organization of catering in a preschool educational institution is the responsibility of the preschool educational institution.

25. Medical service Children in preschool educational institutions are provided by health authorities. Medical personnel, along with the administration, are responsible for the health and physical development children, carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures, compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, regime and ensuring the quality of food. A preschool educational institution is obliged to provide premises with appropriate working conditions medical workers, monitor their work in order to protect and strengthen the health of children and employees of preschool educational institutions.

26. Teaching staff preschool educational institutions are required to undergo periodic medical examinations, which are carried out at the expense of the founder.

III. Staffing a preschool educational institution

27. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and is enshrined in the charter.

28. Children aged from 2 months to 7 years are admitted to a preschool educational institution. Admission of children is carried out on the basis of a medical report, application and identification documents of one of the parents (legal representatives).

29. Children with disabilities and disabled children are accepted into compensatory and combined groups of a preschool educational institution only with the consent of their parents (legal representatives) on the basis of the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission.

30. When admitting children with limited health capabilities and disabled children to preschool educational institutions of any type, the preschool educational institution is obliged to provide the necessary conditions to organize corrective work.

31. The number of groups in a preschool educational institution is determined by the founder based on their maximum occupancy.

32. In general development groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the age of the children and is:

from 2 months to 1 year - 10 children;
from 1 year to 3 years - 15 children;
from 3 years to 7 years - 20 children.

In different age groups for general development purposes, the maximum capacity is if there are children in the group:

two ages (from 2 months to 3 years) - 8 children;
any three ages (from 3 to 7 years) - 10 children;
any two ages (from 3 to 7 years) - 15 children.

33. In compensatory groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the category of children and their age (under 3 years and over 3 years) and is:

for children with severe speech impairments - 6 and 10 children;
for children with phonetic-phonemic speech disorders only over the age of 3 years - 12 children;
for deaf children - 6 children for both age groups;
for hearing impaired children - 6 and 8 children;
for blind children - 6 children for both age groups;
for visually impaired children, for children with amblyopia, strabismus - 6 and 10 children;
for children with musculoskeletal disorders - 6 and 8 children;
for children with mental retardation - 6 and 10 children;
for children with mental retardation mild degree - 6 and 10 children;
for children with moderate, severe mental retardation only over the age of 3 years - 8 children;
for children with autism only over the age of 3 years - 5 children;
for children with a complex defect (having a combination of 2 or more deficiencies in physical and (or) mental development) - 5 children for both age groups;
for children with other disabilities - 10 and 15 children.

34. In recreational groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the category of children and their age (under 3 years and over 3 years) and is:

for children with tuberculosis intoxication - 10 and 15 children;
for children who are often sick - 10 and 15 children;
for other categories of children who need a complex of special health measures - 12 and 15 children.

35. In combined groups, the maximum capacity is set depending on the age of the children (under 3 years old and over 3 years old) and the category of children with disabilities and is:

up to 3 years old - 10 children, including no more than 3 children with disabilities;
over 3 years old:
10 children, including no more than 3 deaf children, or blind children, or children with musculoskeletal disorders, or children with moderate, severe mental retardation, or children with a complex defect;

15 children, including no more than 4 visually impaired and (or) children with amblyopia and strabismus, or hearing-impaired children, or children with severe speech impairments, or children with mild mental retardation;

17 children, including no more than 5 children with mental retardation.

IV. Participants in the educational process

36. Participants in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are children, their parents (legal representatives), and teaching staff.

37. When admitting children to a preschool educational institution, the latter is obliged to familiarize parents (legal representatives) with the charter, a license to conduct educational activities, a certificate of state accreditation of a preschool educational institution and other documents regulating the organization of the educational process.

38. The establishment of fees charged to parents (legal representatives) for the maintenance of a child in a preschool educational institution is made in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

39. The relationship between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) is regulated by an agreement, which includes the mutual rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties arising in the process of education, training, development, supervision, care and health of children, the duration of the child’s stay in the preschool educational institution , as well as calculation of the amount of fees charged to parents (legal representatives) for maintaining a child in a preschool educational institution.

40. The relationship between the child and the staff of the preschool educational institution is built on the basis of cooperation, respect for the child’s personality and providing him with freedom of development in accordance with his individual characteristics.

41. The procedure for staffing a preschool educational institution is regulated by the charter.

42. Persons with secondary vocational or higher vocational education are allowed to engage in teaching activities in a preschool educational institution. The educational qualifications of these persons are confirmed by state-issued documents on the appropriate level of education and (or) qualifications.

The following persons are not allowed to engage in teaching activities:

deprived of the right to practice pedagogical activity in accordance with a court verdict that has entered into legal force;
having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for intentional grave and especially grave crimes;
recognized as legally incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by federal law;
having diseases included in the list approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare, social development, labor and consumer protection.

43. If necessary, the staffing schedules of preschool educational institutions providing education, training, development, supervision, care and health improvement of children with disabilities, disabled children, as well as correction of deficiencies in their physical and (or) mental development additional positions of special education teachers, speech therapists, speech therapists, educational psychologists, social educators, educators and other workers (depending on the category of children) within the limits of allocations allocated by decision of the founder for these purposes.

44. Rights of employees of preschool educational institutions and their measures social support are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the charter and the employment contract.

45. Employees of a preschool educational institution have the right:

to participate in the management of a preschool educational institution in the manner determined by the charter;
to protect their professional honor, dignity and business reputation.

46. ​​A preschool educational institution establishes:

wages of employees depending on the qualifications of the employee, complexity, intensity, quantity, quality and conditions of the work performed, as well as compensation payments (additional payments and allowances of a compensatory nature) and incentive payments (additional payments and allowances of an incentive nature, bonuses and other incentive payments) within budgetary allocations allocated for wages;
structure for managing the activities of a preschool educational institution;
staffing and job responsibilities workers.

V. Management of a preschool educational institution

47. Management of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, other legislative acts Russian Federation, these Model Regulations and Charter.

48. The management of a preschool educational institution is based on the principles of unity of command and self-government, ensuring the state-public nature of the management of a preschool educational institution. Forms of self-government of a preschool educational institution, ensuring state-public nature of management are board of trustees, general meeting, pedagogical council and other forms. The procedure for electing self-government bodies and their competence are determined by the charter.

49. The direct management of a preschool educational institution is carried out by a head who has passed the appropriate certification.

Hiring of the head of a preschool educational institution is carried out in the manner determined by the charter and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

50. Head of a preschool educational institution:

acts on behalf of the preschool educational institution, represents it in all institutions and organizations;
disposes of the property of the preschool educational institution within the limits of the rights granted to it by the agreement concluded between the preschool educational institution and the founder;
issues powers of attorney;
opens a personal account (account) in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
carries out hiring and placement of personnel, encourages employees of a preschool educational institution, imposes penalties and dismisses from work;
bears responsibility for the activities of the preschool educational institution to the founder.

VI. Property and funds of the institution

51. For a preschool educational institution, in order to ensure educational activities in accordance with the charter, the founder in the prescribed manner assigns objects of ownership (buildings, structures, property, equipment, as well as other necessary property for consumer, social, cultural and other purposes).

A preschool educational institution owns, uses and disposes of the property assigned to it by right operational management property in accordance with its purpose, charter and legislation of the Russian Federation.

Land plots are assigned to state and municipal preschool educational institutions in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution is responsible to the owner for the safety and efficient use property assigned to him.

52. Financial support for the activities of a preschool educational institution is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A preschool educational institution has the right to attract, in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, additional financial resources through the provision of paid additional educational and other services provided for by the charter, as well as through voluntary donations and targeted contributions from individuals and (or) legal entities, including foreign citizens and (or) foreign legal entities.

A preschool educational institution has the right to conduct, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, income-generating activities provided for by the charter.

53. When financially providing small-scale rural pre-school educational institutions considered as such by state authorities and bodies in charge of education, costs should be taken into account that do not depend on the number of children.

54. Attraction by a preschool educational institution of additional financial resources specified in paragraph 52 of this Model provision, does not entail a reduction in the amount of its financing at the expense of the founder’s funds.

55. Financial and material resources of a preschool educational institution, assigned to it by the founder, are used by the preschool educational institution in accordance with the charter and are not subject to seizure, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

When a preschool educational institution is liquidated, financial resources and other property, minus payments to cover its obligations, are directed to the development of education.

Article 64. Pre-school education
The commented article is not new for domestic educational legislation, since the relevant norms were contained in Art. 18 of Law No. 3266-1. Meanwhile, within the framework of the commented article, these provisions have been largely updated and supplemented with new norms.
The article is devoted to the legal regulation of preschool education. Basics legal regulation preschool education in the Russian Federation is laid down in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which in Art. 43 guarantees free and accessible preschool education in state and municipal institutions, thereby imposing on the state the obligation to ensure the implementation this right. However, constitutional norms do not specify the content of this right and do not determine the details of the legal regulation of this area educational relations. More detailed regulation is carried out at the level of the commented Federal Law and by-laws. Thus, the strategic aspects of the development of the sphere of preschool education are laid down in the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 17, 2008 N 1662-r * (83). Among the priority tasks, the Concept outlines increasing the flexibility and diversity of forms of provision of services in the preschool education system, which is designed to provide support and more full use educational potential families. We also note that Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/2012 N 599 “On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science” * (84) set the task of achieving by 2016 one hundred percent accessibility of preschool education for children aged three up to seven years.
Part 1 of the commented article defines the concept of preschool education. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” did not contain a clear definition this concept, however, established that preschool institutions are created and operate to help families in order to educate preschool children, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, development individual abilities and the necessary correction of developmental disorders in children. The commented Federal Law specifies the goals of preschool education, naming among them: the formation general culture; development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities; formation of prerequisites educational activities; maintaining and strengthening the health of preschool children.
Thus, the emphasis is on the general developmental goal of preschool education. Preschool age is the age of accelerated physical and mental development of a child, the formation in him of general skills and abilities that predetermine his future physical, intellectual, mental development and which are basic for the subsequent formation of individual developmental characteristics. The protection and promotion of health of preschool children is also important.
A fairly massive regulatory layer in the field of preschool education is the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. So, in Kaliningrad region Law No. 388 dated November 10, 2009 “On state support for preschool education in the Kaliningrad region” was adopted. This Law, providing mechanisms for state support of preschool educational organizations, is aimed at developing municipal-private partnerships in the field of preschool education and regulates the forms of such partnerships, as well as measures of its financial incentives.
Implemented by constituent entities of the Russian Federation a large number of various regional and municipal short-term and long-term targeted programs aimed at developing a network of preschool educational institutions * (85). When developing and implementing such programs, the goals are set to increase the level of accessibility of preschool education and improve its material and technical component. Programs determine the subjects and objects of programs, volumes and sources of funding for activities within the programs. Activities may include: reconstruction and construction of buildings of preschool educational organizations; return of previously repurposed buildings of preschool institutions; creation of additional places in preschool educational institutions and groups of preschool children in general education institutions, etc.
Operates in St. Petersburg special program construction and reconstruction of kindergartens * (86). In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, programs are being implemented that provide for special measures aimed at increasing the number of places in preschool educational institutions * (87). IN Saratov region measures are being taken to return the facilities in which regional institutions are located to the existing network of preschool educational institutions * (88). It seems that the presence of regional and municipal programs aimed at developing a network of preschool institutions and provided with appropriate funding, subject to their high-quality implementation, can contribute to a speedy solution to the problem of shortage of places in preschool educational organizations and the full realization of the right of citizens to preschool education.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation there are policy documents, defining the main trends in the development of preschool education in the corresponding territory. Thus, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) the Concept for the development of preschool education of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2011-2016 was approved * (89), which contains an analysis current state preschool education in the Republic and determines targets and forecast component further development area under study. It should be noted that the Concept not only sets the task of increasing the number of places in preschool institutions in accordance with demographic needs, but also sets meaningful target parameters for the development of this area public relations(for example, expansion of innovative organizational and pedagogical forms of preschool education; focus on the development of inclusive education, etc.).
Part 2 of the commented article determines the general direction of educational programs for preschool education. The content of education in a preschool educational organization is determined by the educational program of preschool education, which, according to Art. 12 of the commented law is developed, approved and implemented by an educational organization in accordance with the federal state educational standard and taking into account exemplary educational programs of preschool education.
By general standards, enshrined in Art. 11 of the law under comment, federal state educational standards are a set of mandatory requirements to a particular level of education, include among those requirements: a) to the structure of the program; b) to the conditions for the implementation of the program; c) to the results of mastering the program. The content of education is directly determined by educational programs; for the level of preschool education - educational programs of preschool education. The state develops exemplary educational programs, which are educational and methodological documentation that defines the recommended volume and content of education at a particular level, the planned results of mastering the program, approximate conditions of educational activities, etc.
According to the commented article, educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschoolers, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including their achievement of the level of development necessary and sufficient for the successful development of educational programs of primary general education. At the same time, educational programs of preschool education are built on the basis of an individual approach to preschool children and types of activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students.
Currently, the federal state educational standard for preschool education is being developed. In addition, the issue of the procedure for developing approximate basic general education programs, conducting their examination and maintaining their register is under development. Obviously, before the implementation of the federal state educational standard and the formation of a register of exemplary basic general education programs when implementing educational programs for preschool education, one should be guided by the Federal state requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the basic general education program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 20, 2011 N 2151), as well as the Federal state requirements for structure of the basic general education program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 2009 N 655). It should be borne in mind that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed Guidelines on the development of the basic general education program for preschool education (letter dated October 21, 2010 N 03-248), approximate basic general education program preschool education “Success” (letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2010 N 03-13).
Thus, the commented Federal Law provides for a standardized approach to training in preschool educational organizations, which, taking into account the independence of the development of the educational program of preschool education, makes it possible to adapt training to individual characteristics and the needs of students, and also mediates the pedagogical autonomy of educational organizations.
Part 3 of the commented article establishes the right of parents of minors receiving preschool education in the form of family education to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee. According to the Law, such assistance can be provided, including in consultation centers operating at preschool and general education organizations, but the creation of special consultation centers is not excluded. Federal law entrusts the provision of these types of assistance to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
This is a new authority of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of preschool education, provided for by the commented Federal law. The introduction of this power will require its consolidation in the relevant regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in order to avoid declarative nature of these norms, subjects of the Russian Federation need to provide financial support exercise of this power. We also note that the full functioning of consultation centers in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations requires regulation in regulations subjects of the Russian Federation legal status such centers and mechanisms for their interaction with parents.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the municipal level, there is a practice of regulating the issue of organizing free methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education. This is due to the fact that previous education legislation provided for the authority of local governments to organize and coordinate such assistance to families raising preschool children at home. So, in Astrakhan region administration municipality“Limansky District”, by resolution No. 324 dated March 22, 2011, approved the Regulations on the organization of methodological, diagnostic, and advisory assistance to families raising children at home. The regulation provides that the organization of such assistance is carried out on the basis of a preschool institution through the integration of the activities of specialists from such a preschool institution (teacher, psychologist, speech therapist, social teacher and other specialists) who conduct group and individual sessions with parents raising children at home (lectures, consultations, seminars for parents, etc.).
The practice of creating consultation centers for parents with preschool children is common in many European countries. For example, in Finland there are free kindergartens with free attendance, located in the municipal department. In such kindergartens, parents take care of their children themselves and can receive advice on care and education. In Denmark, Article 11 of the Consolidation Act On Social Services, 2007 obliges local administrations to create conditions for citizens to receive preschool education services, including organizing free consultation centers in which families and parents can receive qualified assistance in solving any problems related to the upbringing and care of children, including on an anonymous basis.