Coal is one of the most common types of minerals, which is used in energy, metallurgy and a number of other industries. It is found all over the world, with deposits being developed on all continents except Antarctica. There are several countries that account for the bulk of the world's coal production. According to available reserves coal Our country is in second place in the world, but in terms of production volumes it is not among the top five; according to this indicator it ranks only sixth. Leading countries in coal mining:

• People's Republic of China;
• India;
• Australia;
• Indonesia.

1st place - China

The People's Republic of China is the undisputed world leader in coal production. In terms of this indicator, it has come far ahead, although in terms of reserves of this mineral the country is only in third place, behind the United States and Russia. According to official data, over 781.5 billion tons of coal lie in China, about 97% of which is hard and often a very valuable type of mineral - hard coking coal. Deposits are distributed almost everywhere; deposit development is carried out in 27 regions of China. The largest mines are found in Shanxi province, which is one of the main coal-mining regions. In addition to this territory, intensive work on extracting coal from the subsoil is underway in Shaanxi province, in the western part of Inner Mongolia, western regions provinces of Henan and Shandong, etc. The largest coal deposit in China, Shenfu-Dongsheng, is located on the border between Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi province.

Coal mining in China People's Republic goes big pace. According to Statistical Review world energy in 2013, the country produced 3,680 million tons, which accounted for 46.6% of all world production. But in 2016, China announced that, due to an oversupply of raw materials on the world market, the country would reduce the volume of coal produced by 500 million tons. The production reduction period is from 3 to 5 years.

The United States holds a leading position in proven coal reserves - about 3.6 trillion tons (of which 461 billion tons can be extracted using modern methods). Coal deposits are more common in the central regions, as well as in eastern regions countries (Appalachian, Illinois and Pennsylvania basins). Mining development work in the United States is carried out in almost two dozen states, but the main coal-mining regions of the country are the states of Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Wyoming. Coal in the USA is famous for its high quality; its water and gas content is quite moderate. The extraction of minerals from the subsoil is facilitated by the fact that the deposits are mainly located at shallow depths, and the layers themselves are quite thick. Many deposits use the open-pit coal mining method. Recently, the geography of coal mining has begun to shift to the west of the country. The basins of the Uintah, San Juan River, and others are located here.

The United States is the world's second largest coal producer, far behind China, with 892.6 million tons extracted in 2013, according to official data. The most productive year was 2008, when 1,170 million tons were produced. Then this figure began to decline and in 2016 reached 743 million tons - the lowest level since 1978. This situation can be explained low prices for gas In addition, if the US begins to actively develop shale gas deposits, demand for coal may fall even further.

India ranked third in the world in coal production, reaching 605.1 million tons per year (as of 2013) and fifth in total reserves - about 9% of the world's coal reserves are located in this country. The coal mining industry in India is a very important industry because... Coal is the main source of electricity here. More than seven dozen deposits of industrial importance have been explored on the territory of the country, the main of which are located in the northeast, along rivers such as Damodar, Mahanadi, etc. The most significant deposits were discovered in the Damud coal basin. About 85% of India's total coal reserves are so-called thermal coals. Most of of coal mined in India is used for domestic needs, mainly to generate electricity.

In India, the coal industry faces many challenges. Most deposits use an open method for extracting this mineral, which leads not only to the destruction of the top soil layer and environmental pollution, but also to a decrease in the quality of the coal itself. This is because this mining method mixes it with waste rock. Another problem is that about 25% of all reserves in India lie at great depths (over 300 m), and, according to standards, during production open method The depth of the quarries should not exceed the marked mark. In India, labor productivity is extremely low - one worker produces from 150 to 2,650 tons of coal per year (in comparison: the same figure in the USA is about 12,000 tons).

Australia is the world leader in exports of mined coal (about 29% of the world), and in terms of reserves and production it ranks 4th (478 million tons in 2013). The coal industry in this country is very developed; they use the most modern equipment that can make the difficult work of a miner easier and safer. Coal is very important for the country, since about 85% of all electricity is obtained from this mineral. In addition, Australia sells most of its mined coal to Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan.

Australian coal is renowned for its high quality. The main deposits are discovered in the east of the country, and coal deposits in this part of Australia are characterized by favorable mining and geological indicators for development. The most productive deposits Australia, which are in development, are located near the cities of Newcastle and Littow (New South Wales), as well as in the vicinity of cities such as Collinsville, Blair Athol, Bluff and others (Queensland).

Indonesia closes the top five (421 million tons produced in 2013). Most of the coal deposits in this country are located on the island of Sumatra (about 2/3 of the total reserves of this country are located there), but the main production takes place not here, but on the island of Kalimantan (about 75%). The coal here is of high quality (although the bulk of the coal mined is of low quality). In addition, there are deposits on the islands of Java and Sulawesi. There are a total of 11 coal mines in the country.

Indonesia is a major coal exporter. It supplies this mineral to Taiwan, Korea and a number of other Asian countries. In addition, Indonesia exports coal to Europe and the United States.

The leading countries in coal production account for about 80% of all minerals produced in the world. And every year, mainly due to these countries, the pace of coal production increases.

In this article we will look at the list of countries that are leaders in coal production. In addition, let's look at the main features this process and existing problems in the coal mining industry, and also find out where coal is mined in Russia.

Features of coal mining

Coal is a mineral that is one of the main fuel resources on our planet. It is formed in the depths of the earth’s crust due to the fact that for a long time the remains of ancient plants and microorganisms accumulated in it without access to oxygen. Currently, there are several options for extracting this mineral.

The first coal mining occurred in the early 18th century. A century later, the final formation and development of the coal industry took place. Long time miners extracted coal from the depths of the earth using ordinary shovels, and they also actively used pickaxes. Later, simple tools were replaced by jackhammers. Currently, all modern equipment is used in the mines, which allows mining with maximum speed and convenience.

The most commonly used coal mining methods are:

The cheapest method of coal mining is open pit mining. This method is the simplest, cheapest and safest. Cut off by large excavators upper layer land, which blocks access to coal deposits. Then the coal is extracted in layers and loaded into special wagons.

Underground (mine). Unlike the first, this method is more labor-intensive and dangerous. The underground mining method has to be used because a large number of reserves are located deep underground. For mining, multi-meter shafts are drilled, from which dissected coal seams are extracted.

The hydraulic method is widely used, which is based on the fact that a stream of water is supplied under high pressure, which breaks up the coal seams and is supplied through a special pipeline to the production workshops.

Leading countries in coal mining

The unattainable leader is China. Almost half of the world's coal reserves are mined in this country, with an annual figure of around 3,700 million tons. Other countries lag significantly behind China.

Coal reserves in the world have the following indicators:

1. China – 3700 million tons;
2. USA – 900 million tons;
3. India – 600 million tons;
4. Australia – 480 million tons;
5. Indonesia – 420 million tons.

Russia is not among the top five and is in 6th place with an indicator of 350 million tons per year. After it, giving way a little, comes South Africa, then Germany and Poland, and Kazakhstan, as well as Ukraine and Turkey round out the top ten leaders.

Coal production in the world, million tons

Which European countries have large coal reserves?

In Europe, the most coal is mined in Germany and Poland. The total amount of coal mined in the European Union is slightly more than 500 million tons per year. The total world production is 9000 million tons. On average, each person on the planet consumes 1000 kg of coal per year.

This amount, which is supplied by the leading countries in coal production, is quite enough to provide energy and fuel to the whole world, since together with oil and gas, a sufficient amount of resources is produced that can satisfy the needs of society. Currently, the emphasis is on more environmentally friendly and safe mining methods, so as not to cause harm environment.

Leading countries in coal production in 2017

IN this year The leading countries in coal mining have not changed; China still occupies the first place. The rest of the states cannot even come close to the volume that is produced in the Middle Kingdom. The leading countries account for about 90% of the total amount of coal produced. The list of leading countries has not changed for several decades.

Every year countries mine everything large quantity coal, thereby increasing total reserves of this fossil. The processes of extracting coal from the bowels of the earth are constantly being improved, making it possible to automate the process and significantly increase the volume of extracted fuel.

Coal production in Russia, million tons

Our country is rich in mineral resources and extracts them both for its own needs and for export to foreign countries. Russia is one of the top ten countries that are leaders in coal production and annually produces about 350 million tons. In terms of reserves of this mineral, our country is in second place, second only to the United States.

70% of hard coal is mined by open pit mining. As already mentioned, it is safer and less labor intensive. But there is one main drawback resulting in serious damage to the environment. At open mining Deep craters remain, the integrity of the earth is disrupted and rock falls appear.

The remaining third comes from underground coal mining. This method requires not only great physical effort from miners, but also modern, improved equipment. It is worth noting that half of all tools and devices are significantly outdated and need modernization.

Coal deposits in Russia

The following subjects lead in coal production:

• Krasnoyarsk Territory, partially Irkutsk and Kemerovo regions;
• Ural;
• Rostov region;
• Irkutsk region;
• Yakutia.

Kuzbass is rightfully considered the main coal mining region. It's mined there more than a half from total volume coal mining in Russia. The largest deposits of hard coal are concentrated in this area.

Conclusion

Millions of tons of coal are mined around the world every year. The countries that are at the top of the list and are the leading countries in terms of coal reserves not only use the mineral for their own needs, but also actively export it to other countries, thereby improving their economic condition and receiving multi-billion dollar profits.

Extraction is labor-intensive and difficult process which requires certain knowledge and skills. This also requires special tools and high-tech technology that can significantly reduce the time it takes to extract minerals from the depths of the earth and increase coal reserves. IN different countries apply various ways coal mining Some people prefer a safer method, sacrificing speed, while others rely on the extracted volume.

The leading countries in coal production remained unchanged in 2017. This rating has remained unchanged for many years. China occupies the leading position, and our country is in 6th place, but in terms of reserves our country is in the top three. Russia supplies coal to many countries, providing them with the necessary volumes of fuel.

SIBERIAN MILITARY DISTRICT(Siberian Military District), operational strategist. territory. unification of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. First formed by Decree of the Emperor. Alexander II dated August 6 1865 as the West Siberian military district. It included the territories of Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces, Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions. In 1882 the district was renamed Omsk with the annexation of the Semirechensk region. In 1899 it was renamed the Siberian Military District with the exclusion of the Semirechensk region from its composition. and the annexation of the territory of the abolished Irkutsk military district. With the restoration of the Irkutsk military in 1906. env. Siberian Military District in Omsk in the former territory. limits. Up to 1917 teams. district troops at the same time. held the posts of West Siberian (from 1882 Steppe) governor-general and ataman of Siberia Cossack army. From the beginning First World War Aug.–Sept. In 1914, the district sent the 11th and 14th Siberian Riflemen to the front. divisions, and then trained marching companies to replenish units of the active army. By March 1917, 20 infantry were stationed in the district. stock regiments, 14 foot squads state militia, various. military institutions and establishments total. more than 190 thousand people The largest garrisons were located in Omsk, Tomsk and Novonikolaevsk. After the establishment of owls. authorities in Siberia, by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 4, 1918, the Omsk Military District was transformed into the West Siberian Military District. Under the same name and in the former territory. limits restored on the day of the anti-Bolshevik. coup in Omsk by order of the commander of the Steppe Siberian Corps, regiment. P.P. Ivanova-Rinova dated June 7, 1918. From January. 1919 was called Omsk. In 1918–19, the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 11th, 12th, 13th Siberian Riflemen were formed on its territory. divisions and other units and formations of the Russian Army adm. A.V. Kolchak. As a result of the defeat of this army, the district headquarters and departments ceased to exist. The post was re-established. Sibrevkom from 3 Dec. 1919 as Omsk military. env. with headquarters in Omsk. In con. Dec. renamed Siberian, and in January. 1920 – to West Siberian. It included the territories of Omsk, Tomsk, Tobolsk, Chelyabinsk, Semipalatinsk and Altai provinces. On Dec. 1920 The headquarters of the Western Siberian Military District was merged with the headquarters of the Pom-Glavkom of the Armed Forces of the Republic for Siberia. By order of the RVSR dated May 8, 1922, the headquarters of the commander-in-chief was reorganized into the headquarters of the Siberian troops with a deployment in Novonikolaevsk and at the same time. restored Western-SibVO. The district includes the territories of Perm, Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Tobolsk, Omsk, Altai, Novonikolaevsk and Tomsk provinces. In Jan. 1923 it included the territory of the abolished East Siberian Military District, and in May of the same year the Perm, Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tobolsk provinces. transferred to the Volga Military District. By order of the RVSR of June 24, 1924, the Western-Siberian Military District was renamed the Siberian Military District with troops and military subordinated to it. institutions located in Siberia and the Far East. In 1929, a number of units and formations of the Siberian Military District were included in the Separate Red Banner Army Far Eastern Army. Since 1930, the territory of the district began to include the West Siberian Territory, the Oirot and Khakass Autonomous Okrug, and since 1935 the Krasnoyarsk Territory. During the Great Patriotic War on ter. Siberian Military District formed and sent to the front of the 24th and 59th armies, 6th Siberian volunteer corps. After the end of the war, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense dated July 9, 1945, the Siberian Military District was renamed the Western-Siberian Military District. At the same time ter. Krasnoyarsk region and Tuva Autonomous Okrug were transferred to the newly formed Vost.-Sib. VO and were part of it until April. 1953. In 1956, the Western-SibVO was again renamed SibVO. The district included ter. Altai and Krasnoyarsk territories, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Tyumen region., Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated November 26. 1993 officially restored. date of formation of the Siberian Military District - August 6. 1865. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin dated July 27, 1998 and by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated August 11. 1998 Siberian Military District merged with Transbaikal Military District. env. The district included 16 subjects of the Russian Federation: 4 republics (Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia), 2 territories (Altai, Krasnoyarsk), 6 regions (Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Chita), 4 aut. districts (Aginsky Buryat, Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets), Ust-Ordynsky Buryat, Evenki). The headquarters of the newly formed (unified) Siberian Military District was located in Chita. The new composition of the district began to operate on December 1. 1998. Assignee ist. former path Siberian Military District is the 41st combined arms army, the command center was located in Novosibirsk.

Troop commanders: Gen. from inf. A.O. Duhamel (1865–66), gene. from inf. A.P. Khrushchev (1866–75), gene. from inf. N.G. Kaznakov (1875–81), lieutenant general. N.G. Meshcherinov (1881–82), gene. from inf. G.A. Kolpakovsky (1882–89), lieutenant general. M.A. Taube (1889–1900), Lieutenant General. A.F. Karpov (act. i.d., 1900–01), gene. from inf. N.I. Sukhotin (1901–06), lieutenant general. I.P. Nadarov (1906–08), general. from cav. E.O. Shmit (1908–15), gen. from cav. ON THE. Sukhomlinov (1915–17), Major General G.V. Grigoriev (1917), regiment. M. Predinsky (1917), warrant officer P.N. Polovnikov (1917), staff captain A.I. Telitsyn (1917–18), lieutenant general. M.K. Mende (chief chief, 1918), lieutenant general. A.F. Matkovsky (1918–19), M.O. Shipov (1919–20), I.L. Kogan (1920), V.I. Shorin (1920–21), S.V. Mrachkovsky (1922–23), N.N. Petin (1923, 1925–28), Ya.P. Gailit (1923–24, 1933–37), R.P. Eideman (1924–25), M.M. Lashevich (1925), N.V. Kuibyshev (1928–30), M.K. Levandovsky (1930–33), corps commander M.A. Antonyuk (1937–38), lieutenant general. S.A. Kalinin (1938–41), lieutenant general. N.V. Medvedev (1942–44), lieutenant general. V.N. Kurdyumov (1944–46), gene. Army A.I. Eremenko (1946–53), General-Regiment. N.P. Pukhov (1953–57), Colonel General. PC. Koshevoy (1957–60), Regiment General. G.V. Baklanov (1960–64), Colonel General. S.P. Ivanov (1964–68), Colonel General. V.F. Tolubko (1968–69), Colonel General. M.G. Khomulo (1969–78), Colonel General. B.V. Snetkov (1979–81), Colonel General. N.I. Popov (1981–84), Colonel General. V.A. Vostrov (1984–86), Colonel General. N.V. Kalinin (1986–87), Colonel General. B.E. Pyankov (1987–91), Colonel General. V.A. Kopylov (1991–97), Colonel General. G.P. Kasperovich (1997–98), Colonel General. N.V. Kormiltsev (1998–2001), general. Army V.A. Boldyrev (2001–02), general. Army N.E. Makarov (since 2002).

Lit.: In flame and glory. Essays on the history of the Siberian Military District. Novosibirsk, 1969; Factory Yu.A. Siberian shield. Novosibirsk, 2001.

The current version of the page has not yet been verified

The current version of the page has not yet been verified by experienced participants and may differ significantly from the one verified on January 7, 2018; checks are required.

Krasnoznamenny Siberian military district (Siberian Military District) - a disbanded operational-strategic territorial association of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces) previously - the Armed Forces of the USSR and the Russian Imperial Army). Also called West Siberian Military District (ZapSibVO) And Omsk Military District. Existed from 1865 to 2010 with minor interruptions.

It was first formed by Decree of Emperor Alexander II as the West Siberian Military District in 1865. In 1998, as a result of the merger of the Trans-Baikal Military District and the Siberian Military District, a new military district was formed, which, legally being the successor to the Trans-Baikal Military District, was named Siberian Military District. In 2010, the Siberian Military District was disbanded, and its territory became part of the Central and Eastern Military Districts.

District headquarters in different time was located in Omsk, Novosibirsk and Chita.

Formed in accordance with the Decree of Emperor Alexander II of August 6, 1865 under the name West Siberian Military District. It included the territories of the Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces and the Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions. The district headquarters was located in Omsk. In 1882 the district was renamed Omsk Military District with the annexation of the Semirechensk region to it.

In 1899 the district was renamed Siberian, the territory of the abolished Irkutsk Military District was annexed to it, the Semirechensk region was transferred to the Turkestan Military District. With the restoration of the Irkutsk Military District in 1906, the Siberian Military District was again renamed Omsk and restored to its previous territorial limits. The commander of the district troops simultaneously held the posts of Steppe (until 1882 - West Siberian) governor-general and ataman of the Siberian Cossack Army.

The district headquarters was in Omsk. In December 1920, the headquarters of the West Siberian Military District was merged with the headquarters of the Pom-Glavkom of the Armed Forces of the Republic for Siberia.

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic of May 8, 1922, the headquarters of the commander-in-chief was reorganized into the headquarters of the Siberian troops with a deployment in Novonikolaevsk, and the West Siberian Military District was also restored. The headquarters was initially located in Omsk, but already in August 1921 it was relocated to Novonikolaevsk. The district included the territories of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Tobolsk, Omsk, Altai, Novonikolaevsk and Tomsk provinces. In the first years after Civil War District troops were active fighting against peasant revolts (West Siberian uprising (1921-1922)) and criminal banditry that had become widespread.

In 1968, the Siberian Military District was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

IN Soviet time The founding date of the Siberian Military District was considered December 3, 1919, but by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 544 of November 26, 1993, it was restored historical date his education - August 6, 1865.

In July 1992, the territory was excluded from the district Tyumen region(including Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), which was transferred to the Ural Military District.

The 33rd Army Corps (3 motorized rifle divisions), 3 separate motorized rifle divisions, and formations of central and district subordination were stationed on its territory. Air cover was provided by the 14th Air Defense Army. The compounds included:

Until the transfer began in 1989-1990. equipment and weapons from Europe within the framework of the CFE Treaty being prepared for signing, there were approximately 80 thousand military personnel and about 2 thousand tanks in Siberia; 3.5 thousand armored vehicles; 22 thousand guns. Such a large amount of equipment against a relatively small number of military personnel is explained by the fact that the district, as in all years of the existence of the Russian state, was a source of mobilization reserves.

In the early 1990s. The composition of the district's troops has undergone significant changes.

So, the management of the 33rd army corps was disbanded in 1991, and the headquarters of the 28th Army Corps from the Central Group of Forces arrived in its place (the corps administration existed until 1998). The 13th, 62nd, 242nd motorized rifle divisions were reorganized respectively into the 5349th, 5352nd (at the same time, the storage base was relocated to Omsk, where it was disbanded in 1994) and the 5350th BHVT, the 56th - to 465th District The educational center(later disbanded) and the 74th Division disbanded.

In place of disbanded units from of Eastern Europe were withdrawn (Yurga, Kemerovo region) and (located near Omsk), reorganized respectively into the 74th Guards and 180th motorized rifle brigades (the latter in 1997 was reorganized into the 139th BKhVT). In 1993, based on parts derived from

History of the reform of the 56th SD in post-war years is closely connected with the reorganization of the USSR Armed Forces and the Siberian Military District after the end of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
Siberian Military District (SKVO)
Existed in the pre-war years, but on July 9, 1945. was divided into 2 independent districts : West Siberian (headquarters Novosibirsk) management is created from managements Siberian district, and the 8th Army, covering the territories of Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo region And Altai Territory, And East Siberian (headquarters: Irkutsk), the department was created on the basis of the department of the 50th Army, located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tuva Autonomous Region, as well as Irkutsk region and the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

In May 1953 The East Siberian District was liquidated, its first 2 territorial entities were transferred to the West Siberian District (renamed Siberian on January 4, 1956), and the other 2 to the Transbaikal District.

The district reported directly to the Ministry of Defense. The 33rd Army Corps (three motorized rifle divisions) and three separate motorized rifle divisions, two reserve tank divisions, connections of central and district subordination. Air cover was provided by the 14th Air Defense Army. Until the transfer began in 1989-1990. equipment and weapons from Europe within the framework of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe that was being prepared for signing, in Siberia there were approximately 80 thousand military personnel and about 2 thousand tanks; 3.5 thousand armored vehicles; 22 thousand guns. Such a large amount of equipment against a relatively small number of military personnel is explained by the fact that the district, as in all years of the existence of the Russian state, was a source of mobilization reserves. And after the signing of the above agreement, about 11.5 thousand tanks alone arrived in the district.

Most of the controls rifle corps during the war (by May 1945 there were 174 of them) was disbanded in the first 2 years after its end.

A significant part of the corps remained after the reductions of 1946-1948, even though their divisions became brigades - for example, the Siberian 18th Guards and 122nd SK from 1947. consisted of the 6th, 10th, 16th Guards and 20th, 24th, 47th respectively rifle brigades, into which the 109th, 124th, 110th Guards and 56th, 85th, 198th SD were reorganized. In this case, for example, The 37th regiment of the 56th SD became the 187th battalion of the 20th brigade.

Transformation in the 1960s. a number of divisions and regiments in all military districts into training (and the creation of new ones) with the simultaneous exclusion of training battalions from combat divisions not only actually deprived the Soviet Army of trained non-commissioned officers, but also led to the flourishing of “hazing.” Wide use educational units(however, along with linear ones) in various economic and construction works did not contribute to the good training of specialists. Already in 1987 almost all training divisions were transformed into district training centers (DTCs). 56 umsd transformed into 465 outs.

Commanders of the Siberian Military District.

Lieutenant General V.N. Kurdyumov (until 10.1946).

Army General A.I. Eremenko (10.1946 - 11.1953).

Colonel General N.P. Pukhov (1953-07.1957).

Colonel General P.K. Koshevoy (07.1957 - 04.1960).

Colonel General G.V. Baklanov (05.1960-1964).

Colonel General S.P. Ivanov (1964-1968).

Colonel General V.F. Tolubko (1968-05.1969).

Colonel General M.G. Khomulo (05.1969 - 12.1978).

Colonel General B.V. Snetkov (01.1979 - 11.1981).

Colonel General N.I. Popov (11.1981 - 09.1984).

Colonel General V.A. Vostrov (09.1984 - 7.1987).

Colonel General N.V. Kalinin (07.1987 - 04.1988).

Colonel General B.E. Pyankov (04.1988 - 08.1991).

Lieutenant General V.A. Kopylov (since 09.1991)

Colonel General G.P. Kasperovich (until 1998)

56 SD (2nd formation)

(From 1919 to 1941 there was another one - the 56th Guards Moscow Rifle Division).

This number is from 1965. The 56th SD, which had existed since the beginning of the war, was regained and arrived in the Siberian District (Omsk) together with the 122nd SK. Since 1946 it was called the 20th rifle brigade, and since 1949 to 1967 67 MD ​​(since 1967 - 56 MSD) and was constantly part of the Siberian District. In 1968 the division became a training division.

From the rifle division, two motorized rifle regiments remained, 37 and 213, and the 445th motorized rifle regiment (formerly the 184th rifle regiment) and the 113th artillery regiment ceased to exist. Instead, the 109th Guards MSD, which was reorganized into a missile one, was transferred Guards 309th motorized rifle and 246th artillery regiments . In 1955 37 SMEs were renamed to 208 SMEs, and 213 SMEs to 448 SMEs. In 1968 The divisional set of units has been fully formed taking into account the fulfillment of tasks:

- in peacetime-Preparation junior specialists Ground Forces;

-in wartime-transfer of training equipment and cadets to 261 ZMSD (16th military division, division commander Rybak I.A.);
- mobilization and deployment of 56 motorized rifle divisions to wartime states, carrying out combat coordination and departure for their intended purpose.
In December 1987 The division was transformed into the 465 District Training Center for the training of junior specialists of the Ground Forces with the same composition of units and subunits.

Disbandment of 465 training center

In August 1993, by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation 465, the educational center was disbanded with the transfer of permanent deployment points to those arriving from Lithuania 242 Airborne Training Center.

On the basis of the 465 District Training Center for the training of junior specialists of the Ground Forces in the village. Cheryomushki in 1993 formed the 180th separate motorized rifle brigade.

In total, 465 educational centers were subject to disbandment:

• - 4 military camps with 9 guards for the protection of military installations;
• - 13 military units;

- 756 officers and 748 warrant officers;

• - more than 650 tanks;
• - more than 800 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers;
• - more than 300 units of other armored vehicles;
• - more than 1300 cars;

All material assets were transferred to district warehouses, other units and formations in just 6 months.

The majority of officers and warrant officers have been dismissed from the Armed Forces. A small number were sent to form the 180th motorized rifle brigade, to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the newly organized tax police of the Omsk region.

The archives of the headquarters of the division and units were transferred to the Archive of the Sibvo Headquarters by 08/20/1993.

Composition and dislocation

Until 1989

16th military town:

• Special department at the division;
• Commandant's Company;
• communication center;
• 578 obs;
• 170 oumedb;
• 261 ZMSD;

village Light

• 309 Guards umsp;
• 377 UTP;
• 1132 zenap;
• uoisb;
• worwb;
• 811 uatb;

22nd military town

• 377 tp (until 1964)
• 208 SMEs;
• 448 SMEs;
• 48 ourkhz;
• order;
• editorial office of the division newspaper.

Ishim city

• 246 Guards UAP.

After 1989

16th military town

• Special department under the division;
• 170 oumedb;
• 261 ZMSD;

village Light

• Division management and headquarters (military units 22306, 30633);
• Commandant's Company;
• communication center;
• 578 obs;
• 208 SMEs;
• 448 SMEs;
• 48 ourkhz;

• 309 Guards umsp;
• 377 UTP;
• 1132 zenap;
• uoisb;
• worwb;
• 811 uatb;

22nd military town

• 246 Guards UAP;
• order;
• editorial office of the division newspaper.

16 military town

Map of Omsk 1917

Division headquarters

22 military town

Barracks

Military town - "Svetly village"

The history of the town begins in April 1957. Documentary evidence exact date there is no emergence of the village. During the search, an interesting version of the name of the village was discovered. The commander of the Siberian Military District, Colonel General P.K. Koshevoy arrived at the proposed construction site of a military camp: a sunny spring day, birch trees all around, the foliage flooded sunlight. Pyotr Kirillovich smiled and said: “Let it be Light.” On April 3, 1957, by order, 377 troop units (military unit 74302) were raised for the construction of the village of Svetly. The officers arrived at the proposed construction site of the town, the families remained in the sixteenth military town, located in the city of Omsk. In one year, two and four apartment buildings, several barracks and an officers' club were formed on empty land.

School No. 61 was built in the village, which had only two classrooms. In one of them, grades 1-3 were taught, in the other, grades 2-4. High school students were transported to school 110 in a tractor-tank, because... the road was a field.

There were a lot of difficulties during the construction process: there were no wells, water was brought in, giving 4-5 buckets per day per family. In winter, women washed their clothes with snow. There were power outages. But, despite all the difficulties, the village was very beautiful: the houses were surrounded by a low fence, flowers were planted along central road trees have been planted. Celebrations and sports relay races were held in the village. Every year the village celebrated Tankman Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day and traditional holidays. On weekdays life went on as usual, and on Fridays we went to watch films at the Officers' Club. Since 1964, construction of brick houses began. They had heating and titans for hot water. High-ranking officers and their families lived in these houses. In one of the houses an apartment was allocated for a kindergarten. A house has also been allocated for a hotel. House committees and senior residents appeared.

The first houses in Svetly 1971

Combat parade ground 377 TP 1971

Modern album by P. Svetly.

Military town of Ishim

Division management and headquarters

Command

Division commanders

1988-1993 Major General Leontyev Anatoly Nikolaevich (04/17/1948- 02.2012) Buried in Chelyabinsk)

G Major General Leontyev Anatoly Nikolaevich was born on April 17, 1948 in Chelyabinsk. In 1967 he entered the Chelyabinsk Tank Command School. After graduation, he was sent to the Ural Military District, where he rose from platoon commander to battalion commander. In 1978 he entered the Academy of Armored Forces, after which in 1981 he was sent to the Western Group of Soviet Troops in Germany as chief of staff tank regiment. In Germany, he held the positions of regiment commander, division chief of staff, and then was transferred to the Siberian Military District in the village of Itatka as deputy division commander.

In 1987 he came to Omsk and was appointed commander of a training division in the village of Svetloye. In 1993 he entered the Academy General Staff, and two years after its completion, he was appointed first deputy commander of the 11th Army, stationed in Kaliningrad.

On August 31, 1998, he was appointed to the position of head of the Omsk Tank engineering institute.

President of the Siberian Branch of the Academy.

1 983-1988- General of the Army Nikolai Viktorovich Kormiltsev(03/14/1946- Soviet army since 1965. Graduated from the Omsk Higher Combined Arms Command

school in 1969. Since 1969, he commanded a motorized rifle platoon,

motorized rifle company, motorized rifle battalion and was deputy

commander motorized rifle regiment in Group Soviet troops in Germany,

Central Asian Military District, Transbaikal Military District.

Graduated in 1978 Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. Since 1978 -

deputy commander and commander of a motorized rifle division. Participated

V Afghan war. After returning from Afghanistan - district chief

training center of the Siberian Military District in Omsk. In 1990 - graduated

Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Since 1990, he commanded an army corps in the Turkestan Military District, then commander of an army (combined arms) in the Far Eastern Military District. Since November 1994 - first to replace spruce of the commander of the Transbaikal Military District. Since September 1996 - Commander of the Trans-Baikal Military District. When in December 1998, through the unification of the Siberian Military District and the Trans-Baikal Military District, the united Siberian Military District was created with headquarters in Chita, Colonel General N.V. Kormiltsev was appointed commander of the troops of this district. In April 2001 it was adopted the decision to revive the Main Command of the Ground Forces, and N.V. Kormiltsev was appointed the first Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. The military rank of Army General was awarded by decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated June 11, 2003. In October 2004, he submitted a report on his transfer to the reserve due to disagreement with the Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with the next reorganization of the structure of the Armed Forces. The report was approved.

1981-1982 Major General Sumenkov Ivan Ivanovich

Head of the Moscow SVU 1982-1991.

1982-1985 Major General Lepeshkin Yuri Nikolaevich (11/12/1944 - Associate Professor at the Military Academy General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (since 1990); Major General; born November 12, 1944 in r.p. Kirovsky (Primorsky Territory); Professor of the Academy of Security, Defense and Law Enforcement; commander of a platoon, company, battalion in the GSVG; commander of a training motorized rifle regiment, chief of staff of a training motorized rifle division in the Urals Military District; training commander motorized rifle division in Siberian Military District; commander of the army corps in Leningrad Military District; 1985-1988 – deputy of the Arkhangelsk Regional Council people's deputies; author of more than 45 scientific, educational and educational works; awards: Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” III class, “For Military Merit”, 12 medals.

Colonel Vorobiev

Colonel Sidorov A

1971-1977 - Major General Khrulev Dorian Andreevich. Born in 1927. In 1982-1984 he was an adviser to the commander of the 2nd Revolutionary Army in Ethiopia. Participated in hostilities. He served at the Frunze Military Academy and headed the correspondence department. Died in Moscow in 1987.

1960-1970 Major General TOKMACHEV Alexey Semenovich (02/12/1920-04/18/1989):

A.S. Tokmachev was born in 1920 in the village of Mityakinskaya, Tarasovsky district Rostov region in a peasant family. After graduation high school studied at the Leningrad Institute of Water Transport Engineers, from where on September 19, 1939 he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War he was a platoon commander, and then a commander rifle company, took part in battles with the Nazi invaders. The officer's shoulder straps in the trenches of Stalingrad were personally presented to him by the marshal Soviet Union, two-time hero of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich. Alexey Semenovich liberated the territory of our Motherland, took Koenigsberg, Great victory he met in Czechoslovakia. (During the war, Alexei Semenovich’s father had apiaries and with money from the sales of honey and apiaries an airplane was purchased for our Army, he received a telegram with personal gratitude from Stalin,)

In the post-war years, Alexey Semenovich Tokmachev graduated from the Military Academy named after. M.V. Frunze. Subsequently he was a battalion commander, chief of staff of a regiment, and regiment commander.

Later he commanded a division and served as deputy commander of the army corps.

He was also the commander of the Special Forces in Cuba during Cuban missile crisis He was awarded: the Order of Lenin, Labor Red Banner, two Orders of the Great Patriotic War, I and II degrees, three Orders of the Red Star, the Order for Courage, the Order for Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR and many other medals.

Also has 33 parachute jumps.

1954-1960. -Major General Dushak Nikolai Grigorievich. (December 6, 1907-1993. Buried at the Staroseverny cemetery in Omsk). Hero of the Soviet Union. (05/31/1945) b. 6.12.1907 in Riga in a working-class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1931.

Graduated primary school in Kharkov, worked as an assistant locomotive driver on the Donetsk railway. In the Soviet Army since 1928. Graduated from the Moscow School of Tank Technicians in 1931, the Military Academy of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army in 1941. Participant in the Great Patriotic War since 1941.

Commander of the 12th Guards tank brigade(4th Guards tank corps, 5th guards army, 1st Ukrainian Front) Guard Colonel Dushak in Jan. - Apr. 1945 skillfully managed the brigade during the liberation of the years. Krakow and Katowice (Poland), and then when crossing the Oder, Neisse, Spree rivers and reaching the river. Elbe. After the war he continued to serve in the army. In 1950 he graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze. Since 1960, Major General Dushak has been in reserve. Lives in Omsk.

Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov 2nd class, Order of Kutuzov 2nd class, Order of the Patriotic War 1st class, Red Star, medals.

Deputy commanders

Chiefs of Staff

(1987-1993)Colonel Deinekin Viktor Alekseevich (05/22/1950). In the Soviet Army since 1967. Graduated from the Ordzhonikidze Higher Military Education School in 1971. Commanded a motorized rifle platoon, company, battalion in the Central Military District (Czechoslovakia) and Zak Military District (Leninakan). In 1979 he entered the Military Academy named after. Frunze. Since 1982 - chief of staff of the regiment (Abakan) and regiment commander (Chadan, Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). Since September 1987, Chief of Staff of the 56th Motorized Rifle Division. After the disbandment of the division, Military Commissar of the Kuibyshevsky district of Omsk and since 1998 - Deputy Military Commissar of the region for educational work. In 1999 he was fired from military service.

(1986-1987) Lieutenant General Averyanov Yuri Timofeevich (01/17/1950) In 1968-1972. studied at the Ulyanovsk Higher Tank command school. In 1982 he graduated from the Military Academy of Armored Forces, in 1994 - from the Military Academy of the General Staff Armed Forces Russian Federation, in 2001 he underwent professional retraining at the Far Eastern Academy civil service, graduated in 2006 Faculty of Law Khabarovsk state academy economics and law. In 1972-1994. served in command and staff positions in the Armed Forces of the USSR and the Russian Federation. In 1994-2000 taught at the Department of Strategy of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Since August 2000 - Head of the Personnel Policy Department and state awards of the Office of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District. From November 2000 to May 2006 - Deputy authorized representative President of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District. Since May 2006 - Assistant and then Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Acting State Advisor of the Russian Federation, 2nd class. Reserve Lieutenant General. Candidate economic sciences, assistant professor. Awarded the Order “For Services to the Fatherland”, IV degree (2009), “For Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces” III degree, Honor, medals. Married, has a daughter.

(1975-1977) Colonel Sidorov Viktor Petrovich (24.10.1937- ) In 1955 he entered the Alma-Ata Airborne School. After graduating from college, he began serving as a commander rifle platoon V 108th Guards Parachute Regiment 7th Airborne Division(11/27/1958-11/26/1962), then took the position of parachute training instructor - deputy commander of a rifle company (11/26/1962-07/03/1963). Later he served as chief physical training and sports of the 300th training communications battalion in 44th Airborne Training Division(07/03/1963-01/29/1966), From 1966 to 1967, he served as commander of a rifle company of the 285th Parachute Regiment. Enrolled as a basic course student from the position of company commander Military Academy named after. M. V. Frunze. After graduating from the academy in 1970, he was appointed to the position of battalion commander in 357th Guards Parachute Regiment 103rd Guards Airborne Division, where he served until 08/18/1972; then he was appointed senior lecturer at the department of tactics and general military disciplines Novosibirsk Higher Military-Political Combined Arms School In 1972 he was appointed chief of staff - deputy eat commander 613 motorized rifle regiment 13th Motorized Rifle Division Siberian Military District, In 1973 appointed commander 620th motorized rifle regiment the same division. Served in October 1975 as chief of staff - deputy commander 56th training motorized rifle division, stationed in Omsk. Received the rank of colonel ahead of schedule (11/4/1976). Since 1977 appointed commander 34th Motorized Rifle Division (Ural Military District), stationed in Sverdlovsk. Since 1981 he served as chief Kyiv Higher Combined Arms Command Twice Red Banner School named after M. V. Frunze, and from 1982 to 1983 he served as chief, after which he was appointed chairman of the sports committee of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In 1985 he was appointed chief Kyiv Suvorov Military School, which he headed until his transfer to the reserve in 1992. In 1993, he was dismissed due to illness.

(?-1986) Regiments nickname Gusev

Deputy commanders

(1987-1993)- Colonel Zhmakin Viktor Vasilievich (03/02/1949). In the Soviet Army since 1966. Graduated from the Kharkov Guards Tank School in 1970. Commanded a tank platoon, company, battalion in the Kiev Military District. In 1979 he entered the Military Academy of Armored Forces named after. Marshal Malinovsky. Since 1982, deputy commander of the 377th UTP (Omsk). Since 1984, commander of the TP (Abakan), and since 1985 - commander of the 377th TP (Omsk). Since September 1987 - deputy commander of the 56th Motorized Rifle Division. Since 1993, head of the department of tactics at OVTIU, and from 1994 to 1999, deputy head of the school. In 1999, he was discharged from military service. Until 2011, he continued to work at the school as an assistant professor in the department of tactics.

(? - 1987) FloorKovnik Lyubokhonsky

Colonel Belyakov

Colonel Rybak Ivan Antonovich (15.01.1941)-Belarusian, graduated from the Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School, the Military Academy named after. M.I. Frunze. Served from platoon commander to unit commander. 32 years of service in the Armed Forces. Since 1991 Currently director of the retraining center for reserve officers. Awarded the Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces”, 2nd and 3rd degree. 17 medals, personal badge of the Chief of the General Staff.

Heads of political departments.

(1992-1993)-Deputy commander for educational work - Colonel Basaev Viktor Romanovich born July 10, 1956 in the village of Krasnye Tkachi Yaroslavl region. In 1971 he graduated from the 8th grade of the Yushalinskaya secondary school in the Tugulym region Sverdlovsk region. In the same year he entered the Sverdlovsk Suvorov Military School military school, from which he graduated in 1973, and entered the Omsk Higher Combined Arms Twice Red Banner Command School named after. M.V. Frunze, where he studied until 1977. In 1989 he graduated from the Military-Political Academy. V.I.Lenin.

Since 1973, in the Armed Forces of the USSR, Russia, he served in the troops of the Siberian Military District, Southern Military District, Moscow Military District as deputy commander of an educational division for educational work, head of the military sociological faculty and head of the department of humanities and social sciences. socio-economic disciplines at the Omsk Higher Combined Arms Twice Red Banner Command School named after. M.V. Frunze, deputy head of the Omsk Tank Engineering Institute for educational work. Since April 2001 - head of the Omsk Cadet Corps.

Candidate historical sciences. Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences. Dissertation topic: “Formation and development cadet corps V Imperial Russia(XVIII century - early XX century). Has 14 publications.

Married. Has two sons and a grandson.

(1989-1992) Head of the political department -Colonel Shulepko Vladimir Vasilievich. (Died in 2008?)

(?-1989) Colonel Nikulin Evgeniy Ivanovich

(??) Colonel Ustinov

(1971-?) Colonel Denisenko Georgy Vasilievich

By armament - chiefs of armament

(1989-1993) - Colonel Sharikov Vladimir Ilyich (Died in 2011. Buried in the cemetery of the village of Rakitinka, Omsk region)

(?-1989) - Colonel Bayev Viktor Mikhailovich (Died in 2017)

(?) Colonel Kosarev Vyacheslav Ivanovich

In the rear - rear commanders

(1989-1993) Colonel Penzin Vyacheslav Ivanovich

(1984-1989) - Colonel ik Samsonov Vyacheslav Konstantinovich.

(1982-1984) Army GeneralIsakov Vladimir Ilyich

Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation - Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (since June 1997), Army General; born July 21, 1950 in the village. Voskresenskoye, Kirov district, Kaluga region; graduated from the Moscow Military School civil defense in 1970, the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport in 1977, the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces in 1988; after graduating from college, he commanded a platoon or company in the civil defense forces; from 1977 he served in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany as deputy regiment commander for logistics, deputy chief of army logistics; 1982-1984 - Deputy Division Commander for Logistics - Chief of Logistics of the 56th Motorized Rifle Division in the Siberian Military District; November 1984 - July 1986 - Deputy Chief of Logistics of the 40th Army in Afghanistan, received seriously injured; 1988-1989 - Deputy Army Commander for Logistics - Chief of Army Logistics in the Kiev Military District; since 1989 - Chief of Logistics Staff - Deputy Chief of Logistics Western group troops (WGV, Germany), then - deputy commander-in-chief for logistics - chief of logistics of the WGV; 1994-1996 - head of the department of logistics and technical support Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; November 1996 - June 1997 - Chief of Staff - First Deputy Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1997, he was appointed Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation; awarded the order Red Banner, two Orders of the Red Star, Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree, many medals, the Afghan Order "For Bravery".

Heads of military branches and services

Financial service

(1989-1993) Colonel Sherman Leonid Mikhailovich - Head of financial service 465 educational center. Last position: Deputy Head of the Financial Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Served in the 56th training motorized rifle division: - July 1981 - December 1982 - separate training medical battalion, head of the financial service; - December 1982 - June 1987 - 377th training tank regiment, head of financial service; - June 1987 - February 1989 - 465 district training center, division inspector-auditor; - February 1989 - August 1993 - 465 district training center, head of financial service. After the division was disbanded, he left for the financial and economic department of the Siberian Military District to the position of senior inspector-auditor of the financial and economic department of the district, then appointed head of the first department of the financial and economic department of the district. In December 1998, he was transferred to the Financial Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, where he held the positions of senior officer, group head, and head of organizational planning department, deputy head of the Financial Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defense.

Heads of the financial service of the division:

Major General Anisimov Nikolai Vasilyevich - 1979 - 1981, subsequently head of the Financial and Economic Directorate of the Air Force;

Colonel Berezin Vladimir Konstantinovich, August 1981 - September 1983, subsequently head of the Main Financial and Economic Directorate of the Ministry of Defense;