The Salair Ridge is a plateau-like hill in the mountains of Southern Siberia, located on the territory of the Altai Territory, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. On the territory of the Novosibirsk region, the Salair Ridge stretches across the Iskitimsky, Toguchinsky and Maslyaninsky districts.
IN late XVIII centuries, the Salair Ridge was perceived as part of Altai. Later, like the Kuznetsk Alatau, the Salair Ridge received from the Russians original title Kuznetsk Mountains.
Description of the Salair Ridge
WITH high altitude The ridge looks like a green island, raised on one side above the Kuznetsk Basin, on the other - above the Ob Plain. The main ridge and spurs are most pronounced in the central part of the ridge.
The Salair ridge forms an arc, convexly facing northeast. In the north-west, the ridge reaches the Bugotaksky (from the Turkic bug means “bull”, tag - “mountain”) hills: Kholodnaya (380 m), Mokhnataya (373 m) and Bolshoy (361 m). From the Bugotak hills, the Salair ridge turns sharply to the southwest into the bend of the Ob River.
The length of the Salair Ridge from south to north is about 300 kilometers, the width is 15-40 kilometers. The ridge is strongly flattened, its average height is slightly less than 400 meters above sea level. The most significant of them: Kivda (618 m), Pikhtovaya (585 m), Badger (566 m), Gusyok (589 m), Tyagun (562 m), Mokhnataya (555 m), Sinyukha (536 m), Kopna (509 m).
The ridge begins in the upper reaches of the Neni, the right tributary of the Viya, and the Antrop, the left bank tributary of the Kondoma. It ends with the Bugotaksky hills in the Novosibirsk region, with a highest elevation of 379 meters. The direction of the main ridge of Salair is almost parallel to Kuznetsk Alatau.
The Salair ridge is not high, it does not have snowfields and mountain lakes, but several rivers originate from it, flowing to the east - to Inya and to the west - to Berd and Chumysh. And Chumysh itself begins on Salair.
The Salair ridge and the pre-Salair areas are quite rich minerals. In the vicinity of the village of Peteni there is a well-known marble quarry in the Novosibirsk region. The appearance of the quarry is quite unique - stepped. Using special equipment, marble blocks are cut from a common mass of stone. Marble from the Petenevskoe deposit has different colors and is famous for quality.
But Salair is best known for its placer gold. Almost all rivers of the ridge are gold-bearing. The local population has long been engaged in gold mining. Historical Center gold mining on Salair - the village of Yegoryevskoye, located in the picturesque valley of the Suenga River.
Animal and plant life
In hard-to-reach places of the Salair Ridge, dense, impassable taiga, consisting of fir and aspen, still remains. In Siberia, these gloomy dark coniferous forests are called chenoya or chernovaya taiga. But there are practically no large areas of fir left. One of the islands of fir forest has been preserved in the vicinity of the former village of Kotorovo. The natural monument “Black Forests of the Salair region” was organized here. Found in Salair whole line rare plants for Siberia. Animal world Salaira is also rich in: bears, moose, wolves, lynxes, hares, etc., many species of birds and insects. Grayling is found in Salair rivers.
The nature of Salair is beautiful at any time of the year. But she needs protection. A number of specially protected areas have currently been created on the territory of Maslyaninsky and Toguchinsky districts. natural areas. Caring attitude To unique nature The Salair ridge is a guarantee that its pristine beauty and wealth will be preserved for future generations.
A source of information:
The Salair Ridge is an ancient mountain range that borders the Kuznetsk Basin from the west. Their length from south to north is about 300 km, width 15-40 km. The ridge is strongly smoothed, average height it is slightly less than 400 meters from sea level. Several rivers originate from it, flowing to the east - to Inya, to the west - to Berd, Chumysh.
At the end of the 18th century, the Salair Ridge was perceived as part of Altai. Later, like the Kuznetsk Alatau, the Salair Ridge initially received the name Kuznetsk Mountains from the Russians. On the river Sairair (Turkic-Mongolian sair “dry rocky riverbed” and Turkic calamus, ayir “small river”) stood the village of Salairka. In 1787, a silver ore deposit was discovered near the village of Salairka. The mine built on the basis of this deposit was named Salairsky. Nowadays it is the city of Salair, Kemerovo region. Thus, the low ancient mountains later became known as Salair mountains. From a great height, the ridge looks like a green island, raised on one side above the Kuznetsk Basin, on the other - above the Ob Plain. The main ridge and spurs are most pronounced in the central part of the ridge.
The Salair ridge forms an arc, convexly facing northeast. In the north-west the ridge reaches Bugotak (Turkic bug"bull", tag“mountain”, that is, “bull-mountain”) hills: Kholodnaya (380 m), Mokhnataya (373 m) and Bolshoy (361 m). From the Bugotak hills, the Salair ridge turns sharply to the southwest into the bend of the Ob River.
The length of the Salair Ridge from south to north is about 300 kilometers, the width is 15-40 kilometers. The ridge is strongly flattened, its average height is slightly less than 400 meters from sea level. The most significant of them are Kivda (618 m), Pikhtovaya (585 m), Badger (566 m), Gusyok (589 m), Tyagun (562 m), Mokhnataya (555 m), Sinyukha (536 m), Kopna (509 m ).
The ridge begins in the upper reaches of the Neni, the right tributary of the Viya, and the Antrop, the left-bank tributary of the Kondoma, and ends with the Bugotak hills in the Novosibirsk region with a highest elevation of 379 meters. The direction of the main ridge of Salair is almost parallel to Kuznetsk Alatau.
The Salair ridge is low and does not have snowfields or mountain lakes; several rivers originate from it, flowing east to Inya and west to Berd and Chumysh. And Chumysh itself begins on Salair.
The Salair ridge and the pre-Salair areas are quite rich in minerals. In the vicinity of the village of Peteni there is a well-known marble quarry in the Novosibirsk region. This quarry looks peculiar - in the form of steps. Using special equipment, marble blocks are cut from a common mass of stone. Marble from the Petenevskoe deposit has different colors and is famous for its quality.
But Salair is best known for its placer gold. Almost all rivers of Salair are gold-bearing. The population of these places has long been engaged in gold mining. The historical center of gold mining on Salair is the village of Yegoryevskoye, located in the picturesque valley of the Suenga River. The entire almost 200-year history of this village is connected with gold mining. Over the entire period of use of placers in the Yegoryevsky gold-bearing region alone, more than 10 tons were mined precious metal. Currently, industrial gold mining is carried out on the Suenga and its tributaries. A special technical structure is designed for this - a dredge.
A number of plants rare for Siberia are found on Salair. In spring, the slopes of the Salair Ridge are a luxurious carpet of primroses. The snow has not yet completely melted, but from under last year’s foliage wonderful flowers are already making their way towards spring - kandyk, Altai anemone, gooseberry, holatka, lumbago. European hooffoot is a relict plant that has been preserved on the Salair Ridge since the era when the climate in Siberia was much milder and broad-leaved forests predominated. In hard-to-reach places, dense, impenetrable taiga, consisting of fir and aspen, still remains. In Siberia, these gloomy dark coniferous forests are called chenoya or chernovaya taiga. In such a forest, dampness is always felt and twilight prevails - here is the kingdom of mosses, ferns and lichens. The mob is gloomy, gloomy, littered with dead wood. These are typical bear areas. But there are practically no large areas of fir left. One of the islands of fir forest has been preserved in the vicinity of the former village of Kotorovo. The natural monument “Black Forests of the Salair region” was organized here.
The fauna of Salair is also rich. First of all, insects attract attention - the ubiquitous ants, forest bugs, bright and fancy butterflies. A number of rare insects are found on Salair, for example, the Apollo butterfly, listed in the Red Book of Russia. In the taiga, on dead tree trunks, the work of longhorned beetles and bark beetles is clearly visible. They tirelessly recycle trunks dead trees. Grayling is found in Salair rivers. This fish is typical for mountain rivers. Bats can be found in caves and hollows. Bears, moose, wolves, lynxes and hares are found on Salair. The Salair taiga is home to an abundance of birds. More than a hundred species of birds live and breed here.
In winter, the taiga is like a fairy tale. Slender fir trees are covered with sparkling fluffy snow. At such a time, it seems that everything in the taiga has fallen asleep. But even in this harsh time, many animals are active. Squirrels and crossbills deftly remove seeds from the cones of coniferous trees. Pine also provides food for the largest taiga birds – wood grouse. All winter they feed on pine needles. Owls catch unwary mice.
The nature of Salair is beautiful at any time of the year. But she needs protection. A number of specially protected natural areas have currently been created on the territory of the Maslyaninsky and Toguchinsky districts. Caring for the unique nature of the Salair Ridge is a guarantee that its pristine beauty and wealth will be preserved for future generations.
Neni and stretches to the northwest, between the upper and middle reaches of the Chumysh River and the left bank of the Kondoma River. Then further to the west it passes between the left bank of the Tom River and the left bank of the Ini River.
The Salair ridge runs along the river, on the one hand, and the Berdi River valley on the other, serving as a continuation of the Kangura spur, extending from the Kuznetsk Alatau in the upper reaches of the Lebed and Kondoma rivers. The length of the ridge is about 300 km.
To the north-west of its extremity it decreases, ending in a series of small hills. The following hills are located here: Medvezhya, Golaya and others that do not rise more than 1000 and 1100 feet. They gradually merge with the undulating terrain adjacent to the ridge.
According to Salair researcher Professor Inostrantsev, it ends at the Chem River. In the plasticity of the Salair Ridge, a sharp difference is noticeable between the northeastern, eastern, southern and southwestern slopes. The first ones end with steep cliffs on the adjacent undulating steppe. Here, an almost vertical wall, with gently undulating contours, often rises to a height of up to 400 feet.
Above the adjacent area, as you move towards the Salair Ridge, narrow ridges begin to appear along these steep slopes. On the southern and southwestern slopes of the Salair Ridge there are numerous and rather long spurs heading to the west and southwest. The spurs occupy a height in the interfluve spaces that is not inferior to the ridge itself.
The N. Ridge, on average, has a height of up to 1300 feet. The peaks are: Kopna 2100 feet high, Pikhtovaya 1915 feet, Zmeinaya 1740 feet. Diabazovya Sopka rises to 1,390 feet and White Mountain is 1,350 feet high.
The middle course of the river Birdie within the Salair Ridge (ecoclub.nsu.ru)
A more detailed study of the Salair Ridge began only in the last 17 years. The following researchers took part in it: Brusnitsyn, Bogdanov, Derzhavin, Venyukov, Inostrantsev, Polenov and Biel.
There are forests on Salair different types. Most often these are mixed forests. In some places they are dominated by light, cheerful birches, and sometimes there are pine forests. Salair is characterized by vast areas of pure aspen forests. There are also on the ridge. these places were called the mob. Everything here is hidden in twilight. There are mosses, lichens and ferns. There are many bears in such places. Clubfoots like these conditions. It is better not to meet them in the forest. The highlight of the Salair Ridge is the fir forest. But in last years the forest is spoiled by logging. There is even a monument on the ridge called “Black Forests of Prasalairya”. A rare animal is found here - the tiger-footed owl. Also, many insects live here: many butterflies, ants, beetles.
The most dangerous insect is the Salair tick. This insect carries the dangerous disease encephalitis. Nightingales also live on the Salair Ridge. Their songs can be heard here for many kilometers around.
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Nearest hotels (hotels, hostels, apartments, guest houses)
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Five nearby hotels are shown above. Among them there are both regular hotels and hotels with several stars, as well as cheap accommodation - hostels, apartments and guest houses. These are usually private economy class mini-hotels. This is a hostel modern dormitory. An apartment is a private apartment for daily rent, and a guest house is a large a private house, where, as a rule, the owners themselves live and rent out rooms for guests. You can rent a guest house with an all-inclusive service, a bathhouse and other attributes of a good holiday. Check with the owners for details here.
Usually hotels are located closer to the city center, including inexpensive ones, near the metro or train station. But if this is a resort area, then the best mini-hotels, on the contrary, are located further from the center - on the seashore or river bank.
Nearest airports
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The Salair Ridge is part of the region of Southern Siberia, a low-mountain upland. It is a spur. The ridge begins in the area of the river. Neni, in its upper reaches. Then it descends in a northwesterly direction between and Condoma, flowing along water flow Obi. The length of the Salair Ridge is about 300 km. The hill ends with the small Bugotak hills. In territorial and administrative terms, the ridge is located in Russia within three regions: Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Altai territories. Southern Siberia, the map of which is presented in the article, is an unforgettable place!
Name
The name comes from the Sairair River that once flowed through these lands. Translated from Turkic, “Sair” means a rocky riverbed, and “air” means a rivulet.
Relief
Salair by external signs resembles a hilly hill rather than a mountain range. The fact is that most of it has been plowed for a long time. In addition, gentle, rugged valleys run along the ridge.
In fact, Salair is an ancient mountain. The lower section of the ridge is represented. Further, in even stripes there are metamorphic rocks three eras of the Devonian period. The volcanic formations located here also date back to this time. Most upper layer The ridge is represented by clayey rocks of Pliocene age.
The Salair ridge has a rugged surface, with ravines and ridges visible. This feature was given to Salair powerful force weathering and erosion.
Based on the nature of the relief of the ridge, two regions can be distinguished, which are particularly contrasting from each other: these are the Salair plateau and the Kuznetsk Prisalair region. The last area of this area is represented by a sharp slope in the northeast of the hill. The sheer wall rises 120 m and has a sharp slope. The western slopes of the Salair ridge are gentle, evenly descending towards the foot Altai Valley. Features of the relief are rock caves, funnels, and dry ravines. They were formed due to erosion processes, for a long time dominant in the territory of such natural object, like the Salair ridge.
Novosibirsk region, Kemerovo and Altai region- this mountain range belongs to these parts of Russia. It has many small peaks. The average ones reach about 400 m. The most high point The city of Kivda (618 m) is considered. Hills of approximate height are located nearby. These are Mohnataya, Pikhtovaya and Zolotaya Gora, as well as the towns of Kopna and the town of Belukha.
Riches of the region
The long period of formation of the hill influenced the location here large deposits various minerals. Mentions of the Arimasni people, who lived in Siberia and “stealing gold from eagles,” are found in Herodotus. In the area of the Salair Ridge there are gold deposits - gold placers. Gold is mined in almost all rivers that originate in mountain range. The famous gold mines of this region are Khristinsky, Ursky, Yegoryevsky, Mungaisky and Kasminsky.
Breeds
Deposits are of great importance in the region coal. Several years ago, the Bachatskoye and Kolchuginskoye deposits were discovered and are being actively used. New deposits have also been discovered, although they are not yet equipped for production. These are the Elbashskoye, Izylgonskoye and Vyzhikhskoye fields.
The region is rich in iron species and is represented by red and brown iron ores. There are small inclusions of copper ores. There is active mining of metals in the deposits. Silver ores also occur in Salair. Silver deposits can be found in the northeast. Deposits of nickel, mercury, bauxite and quartzite occur in small quantities.
The Salair Ridge is a place where rocks are mined that are actively used in construction. These are sandstones, gray and white limestones, diorites, clay and peat.
Rivers
Despite the fact that the height of the Salair ridge is small, several rivers originate at its peaks, which flow along both the eastern and western slopes. Descending from the mountains, these watercourses flow into more large rivers- Inyu, Berd and Chumysh. The waters of the mountain range have a significant influence on the degree of water filling in these streams. Also, the Salair Ridge (the map is in the article) has great importance in shaping the climate in this territory. The fact is that the hill is located meridionally, which means it prevents the passage air masses deep into the mainland. Humidity in the mountains is much higher than in the lower reaches. The rivers flowing here have gently sloping banks and often flood. Landslides and steep banks are common.
Flora and fauna
The Salair ridge has rich vegetation. It is represented by coniferous and mixed forests. There are areas of aspen forests, birch groves, fir thickets, and pine forests (Gurievsky, Vaganovsky, Krasninsky). The forests are full of berries, mushrooms, rare plants - Altai anemone, holatka, kandyk, lumbago, and many unique primroses. Sometimes there are areas of vegetation characteristic of such natural area like taiga. The natives call these places the mob. The forest received this nickname because of its dense cover, through which no light passes. It is always gloomy here, fog swirls, there are a lot of shrubs, lichens and mosses, and bears are very common. In addition to brown representatives, lynx, fox, wolf, elk, weasel, and badger live in the forests.
Climate and infrastructure
The climate in these places is cool. Due to frequent rains, the air is always very humid. There are no people living on the Salair Ridge and its environs. There is also no permanent road connection. Only at the foot of the ridge at the mouths of the rivers are small villages located. Locals warmly welcome travelers and conduct excursions along ecological trails.
The climate map of Russia (the Altai Territory is also on it) actually displays all the zones in which it is located this territory. And one of unusual places is Salair. It is a must visit! This is a stunning place with so much to admire and photograph as a souvenir. Many tourists who come here return more than once to refresh their impressions.