The concept of intelligence quotient was introduced by the Jewish scientist of German origin W. Stern in 1912, who drew attention to serious deficiencies in mental age as an indicator in the Binet scales. Stern proposed using the quotient of mental age divided by chronological age as an indicator of intelligence. IQ was first used in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale in 1916. IN present time Interest in IQ tests has increased exponentially, resulting in the emergence of a wide variety of unreasonable scales. Therefore, it is very difficult to compare the results of different tests and the IQ number itself has lost its informative value. Intelligence quotient - quantification human intelligence level: the level of intelligence relative to the level of intelligence of the average person of the same age. Determined using special tests. IQ tests are designed to assess thinking abilities, not the level of knowledge (erudition). IQ is an attempt to assess the factor of general intelligence. IQ formula. IQ = UM / XB × 100 where IQ is mental age, and XB is chronological age. For example, a person 20 years old, whose intellectual age is 22 years old, has an IQ of 22 / 20 × 100 = 110. That is, a child of 12 years old and a university graduate can have the same IQ, because the development of each of them corresponds to their age. The Eysenck test provides a maximum IQ level of 160 points. Each test consists of many different tasks of increasing difficulty. Among them test tasks for logical and spatial thinking, as well as other types of tasks. Based on the test results, IQ is calculated. It has been noticed that the more variants of the test a subject passes, the more top scores He shows. Most famous test is the Eysenck test. More accurate are the tests of D. Wexler, J. Raven, R. Amthauer, R.B. Cattella. On this moment there is no uniform standard for IQ tests. What affects IQ
Heredity The role of genetics and environment in IQ prediction is discussed in Plomin et al. (2001, 2003). Until recently, heredity was mainly studied in children. Various studies have shown heritability to be between 0.4 and 0.8 in the US, which means, depending on the study, from slightly less than half to noticeably more than a half differences in IQ among observed children depended on their genes. The rest depended on the child’s living conditions and measurement error. Heritability between 0.4 and 0.8 suggests that IQ is “significantly” heritable. Environment The environment influences brain development. In particular, unhealthy limited nutrition may reduce the brain's ability to process information. A study of 25,446 people by the Danish National Birth Cohort concluded that eating fish during pregnancy and breastfeeding an infant increased their IQ. Also, a study of more than 13 thousand children showed that breastfeeding can increase a child’s intelligence by 7 points. Let me give you an example of the IQ of famous people. Sylvester Stallone - 54
Paris Hilton - 70
"regular blonde" ( average) - 80
- I don’t believe it (blondes are just like everyone else (I’m a blonde myself and my IQ level is above average)) 
Brad Pitt - 95
Daria Sagalova - 97
Britney Spears - 98
Bruce Willis - 101
Alla Pugacheva - 106
John Kennedy - 117
Angelina Jolie - 118
Barack Obama - 120
George Bush - 125
Jodie Foster - 132
Vladimir Putin - 134
Arnold Schwarzenegger - 135
Bill Clinton - 137
Hillary Clinton - 140
Madonna - 140
Richard Nixon - 143
Jayne Mansfield - 149
Jessica Simpson - 151
Jessica Alba - 151
Sharon Stone - 154
Alexander Solzhenitsyn - 159
Dolph Lungren - 160
Bill Gates - 160
Albert Einstein - 163
Linus Pawling - 170
Marilyn vos Savant - 186
Honore de Balzac - 187 A common joke is that IQ tests actually test a person's ability to solve these tests. Which is not far from the truth. Essentially, the test taker is required to solve certain tasks in a certain way. Than actually smarter person, the more alternative solutions to those proposed by the creators of the test he will be able to offer.
How do people think low level intelligence?
David Stewart
teacher
“I work at a school for children with mental retardation. They were all tested and the results showed that their IQs were below 70. Educational program, designed for ordinary children, is not suitable for them. When I talk about them, people around me think that my day is completely filled with communication with idiots. Everyone imagines it as constant struggle With cavemen who bang their heads against the walls and shout “My brain hurts!” when I ask students to remember proper names. But the truth is that if you put such a teenager in the same class as “normal” children, you would not notice the difference. In most cases, their thinking is the same as that of ordinary children. They grab their phones when they hear a call, read texts without articulate lip movements, and answer as quickly as other children their age.
I have a student who could match any other kid his age in knowledge of football teams. He can tell you everything about the team's current composition, its achievements over the years and the current season's games in detail. He is not a scientist photographic memory, he is just a teenager who is interested in football and is no different from his peers. Some of the kids I teach are crazy about Minecraft and have mastered the game in the original and several modified versions. Some students are fluent in two languages. One girl taught herself English in a year by watching Australian television. She studied the language in home country, but began to speak it fluently, like her peers, thanks to her own efforts and practice.
You can notice a difference when you try to teach these children new things. Most often they need to repeat new material large quantity times than their peers, and they don’t always immediately remember what you think they already understand. They often need to explain something new with several examples before they grasp the information. But in most cases, they think exactly the same way as you and I, and sometimes they can even be smarter in some matters. The idea that a difference of 20 IQ points or so is the difference between a normal person and another life form with a differently functioning brain is simply not objective.”
Alex TAbarrok
economist
“If you don't sleep enough, your IQ level decreases. So you can see from your own experience after a few sleepless nights. True, due to lack of sleep you get tired and your mood worsens, so the comparison is not entirely correct. Be that as it may, it’s better to get enough sleep before the exam.”
R. Eric Sawyer
funeral director
“I had to work on the night shift with a person who had quite pronounced physical limitations - and this was in a job where remarkable strength. But in reality he was my “savior”. Johnny could only do 70% of what a normal person of his height and weight could do, and because of this, many people thought that he was a liability to them. But Johnny gave his 70% all the time, for every job and every shift. You would get everything he could from him.
I supervised trainees, some of whom were real athletes. These people who had 100% to 110% opportunity ordinary person, sometimes you need to search to do this or that job. And Johnny was looking for a job himself. “Normal” people gave only half of what they could. But I'd take Johnny's 70% any day over 50% from guys who can do 100. That puts me 20 points ahead.
In my experience, people with low and high level intelligence sometimes work the same way. Show me someone who is not so gifted, but is interested and motivated, who tries to get to the bottom of the truth and listens carefully to others. I will always prefer such a person to a smart guy who thinks he is a genius, that he has nothing else to learn and that everyone should listen only to him.”
Quora User
Let's say there are two guys in football team, Bill and John. John is an athlete who is good at any sport, while Bill must work all the time in order to achieve success. As time passes, John relies only on the skills he already possesses, while Bill trains every day. Bill is enthusiastic about the game, but John sees it as just another sport. For a long time John performs better than Bill, but Bill finally passes John. And all because while John did nothing, using his innate talent, Bill persistently and enthusiastically achieved his goal.
It's the same with the level of intelligence. IQ is a measure of the potential you have to excel at problem solving, thinking, and the like. But this is not the only success factor. With enough persistence and hard work, a person with a lower IQ will outperform a person with a higher IQ if they don't put in the effort. At the end of the day, it's not what you have, but how you use it."
Have you ever wondered who is the smartest, most talented and well-rounded developed person in the history of mankind? You can confidently call Leonardo da Vinci, but he is far from the only genius of our civilization. High intelligence- a double-edged sword. It can be both the greatest gift and a real curse for the person who possesses it. However, each of these people is real personality, despite difficult destinies And difficult relationships with the surrounding individuals, fading against the background of such bright “stars”. But don’t be upset, the brain can be developed and “pumped up” with knowledge and skills. So take this list as motivation!
The most famous person is Albert Einstein
The "disheveled" symbol of the 20th century
Born in Germany, Einstein became a symbol of science and progress throughout the 20th century. His surname became a common noun for smart people. He is one of two theoretical physicists that almost anyone can name (the other would most likely be Stephen Hawking). During his life he wrote more than 300 scientific articles, but is also known as an ardent opponent nuclear weapons(he regularly wrote letters to President Roosevelt warning about the dangers of using atomic bombs). Einstein also supported the Jewish scientific development and stood at the origins of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
The physicist’s IQ is difficult to calculate accurately, since no such studies were conducted during his lifetime, but his friends and followers talk about a figure in the range from 170 to 190 points.
50% of people have an IQ level of 90-110 - average level intelligence.
2.5% of people have an IQ level below 70 - they are mentally retarded.
2.5% of people have an IQ level above 130; I consider such people to have a high level of intelligence.
0.5% are considered geniuses, they have an IQ level above 140.
Although there are disputes about who is considered smart, and whether IQ determines mental capacity, continue.
10. Stephen Hawking: IQ level= 160, 70 years old, UK.
This is probably one of the most famous people on this list. Stephen Hawking became famous thanks to his progressive research in the field theoretical physics, and other works that explain the laws of the Universe. He is also the author of 7 bestselling books and winner of 14 awards.
9.Sir Andrew Wiles: IQ level 170, 59 years old, UK.
In 1995, the famous British mathematician Sir Andrew Wiles proved Great Theorem Farm, which was considered the most difficult mathematical problem in the world. He is the recipient of 15 awards in the fields of mathematics and science. Is a Knight Commander of the Order British Empire since 2000.
8.Paul Allen: IQ level 170, 59 years old, USA
The co-founder of Microsoft is certainly one of the most successful people who turned his mind into wealth. With an estimated net worth of $14.2 billion, Paul Allen is the 48th richest person in the world, owning numerous companies and sports teams.
7.YU dit Polgar: IQ level 170, 36 years old, Hungary.
Judit Polgár is a Hungarian chess player who, at age 15, became the youngest grandmaster in the world, surpassing Bobby Fischer's record by a month. Her father taught her and her sisters chess at home, proving that children could achieve incredible heights, if you start training from the very early age. In the FIDE rankings, among the top hundred chess players, Judit Polgar is the only woman.
6.James Woods: IQ level 180, 65 years old, USA.
American actor James Woods was a brilliant student. He enrolled in the course linear algebra at the prestigious University of California, Los Angeles, and then was accepted into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he decided to leave the study of politics for acting. He has three Emmy awards, a Golden Globe and two Oscar nominations.
5. Garry Kasparov: IQ level 190, 49 years old, Russia.
Garry Kasparov is the youngest undisputed world chess champion, winning the title at age 22. He holds the record for longest holding the title of number one chess player in the world. In 2005, Kasparov announced his retirement from sports and devoted himself to politics and writing.
4. Rick Rosner: IQ level 192, 52 years old, USA
With such a high IQ, it would hardly occur to you that this person works as a television producer. However, Rick is no ordinary genius. His resume includes working as a stripper, a waiter on roller skates, and as a model.
3.Kim Ung-Yong: IQ level 210, 49 years old, Korea.
Kim Ung-Yong is a child prodigy from Korea who was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the owner of the highest IQ in the world. At the age of 2, he was fluent in two languages, and by the age of 4 he was already solving complex math problems. By the age of 8, he was invited by NASA to study in the United States.
2. Christopher Michael Hirata: IQ level 225, 30 years old, USA
At the age of 14, American Christopher Hirata entered the Californian University of Technology, and at the age of 16 he was already working at NASA on projects related to the colonization of Mars. Also at the age of 22, he received the title of Doctor of Science in astrophysics. Currently, Hirata is an assistant professor of astrophysics at the California Institute of Technology.
1. T Erens Tao: IQ level 230, 37 years old, China.
Tao was a gifted child. At the age of 2, when most of us were actively learning to walk and talk, he was already performing basic arithmetic operations. By the age of 9 he was attending math courses university level and received his doctorate from Princeton University at age 20. At the age of 24, he becomes the youngest professor at UCLA. Over the years, he has published more than 250 scientific papers.
Found at artmaniako
. Thank you.
***
By the way, the figure of Garry Kasparov is very indicative.
EIf anyone remembers, he was an adept in science" new chronology" - Fomenko’s teaching, which claims that almost the entire written history of mankind is fictitious. And its real depth is about 1000 years.
IN social sphere Garry Kasparov is an ardent and completely unsuccessful politician of the liberation movement and a fighter against the Putin regime.
That is, high IQ doesn't help much if we're talking about about areas of life activity with high sphere uncertainty.
This is exactly what modern social science and current socio-political processes in Russia belong to.
To become famous, you need not only external data and charisma. Not small role the level of intelligence also plays a role, and there are indeed among celebrities smart people with a very high IQ level. As is known, normal person The average IQ level is 98. By today's standards, Albert's IQ would be 160, and Galileo Galilei– 182. There are celebrities on today's list whose IQ levels are higher than Einstein himself, and even higher than Galileo himself. So who are these 12 celebrities with the highest IQs?
1. James Woods - 184
James Woods' IQ level is off the charts - 184! The “Once Upon a Time in America” and “Casino” fame passed the Academic Assessment Test with a maximum score of 800 in text analysis and 779 in mathematics upon admission to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Shortly before graduation, Woods dropped out to pursue a career as an actor.
2. Rowan Atkinson – 178
In second place among celebrities with the highest IQ is Rowan Atkinson. The author and performer of the role of the famous Mr. Bean in real life is not at all like his somewhat idiotic character. After graduating from Newcastle University with a degree in electrical engineering, Atkinson continued his studies at Oxford, where he received a master's degree in this field. While still studying at Oxford, the future television celebrity became interested in theater and, after graduating from university, began writing scripts and working as a radio presenter.
3. Ashton Kutcher - 160
Yes, that’s exactly how the name of this actor sounds, and not with an “a”, contrary to the rules of pronunciation and our established opinion. Kutcher is a versatile personality; in addition to cinema, he was involved in modeling in Paris and Milan, in particular, he appeared in advertising campaigns for Calvin Klein; he is also known as a restaurateur and is quite successfully involved in venture capital investments in start-up Internet resources.
4. Lisa Kudrow – 160
Lisa Kudrow also has a high IQ. Ironically, a celebrity with such intelligence usually plays very frivolous characters - just like Phoebe Buffay from the television series Friends. The actress once received a bachelor's degree in biology and worked for eight years with her father, who was a doctor. Lisa took up acting almost by accident, deciding to help her father earn money for his medical research.
5. Dolph Lundgren – 160
Dolph Lundgren ranks fifth among celebrities with the highest IQ. Having started his career with triumph in Rocky IV, Lundgren lived up to his sports heroes in life. In 1980, before moving to the United States, he became captain of the Swedish karate team. In Stockholm, Lundgren received a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering and continued his education at the University of Sydney, where he received a master's degree. In 1983 he was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and had to continue his studies in Boston to obtain doctorate, but met singer Grace Jones, for whom he became a bodyguard and close friend for several years. He never made it to Boston.
6. Quentin Tarantino – 160
Tarantino dropped out of school at 15 and went to work at a video store. After watching enough films, he decided to make his own movie, and, as it turned out, quite successfully. It seems that the celebrity's high IQ played a role.
7. Cindy Crawford – 154
Cindy Crawford is in no way inferior to male celebrities with a high IQ level. Before her photographs appeared on the covers of fashion magazines, Cindy had attractive prospects in the field of education. As the best graduate, she was entrusted with saying farewell speech upon graduation, then Crawford received academic scholarship V Northwestern University, from where she was supposed to graduate as a chemical engineer. However, without even studying for a semester, she dropped out to pursue modeling.
8. Sharon Stone – 154
Actress and former model studied at Edinboro University in Pennsylvania, but dropped out to pursue a modeling career.
9. David Duchovny – 147
The X-Files star is not only a handsome man, but also an intellectual. In 1982 he graduated Princeton University with a bachelor's degree in English literature, continued his education at Yale, where he received a master's degree. But his dissertation “Magic and Technology in modern poetry and prose" was never finished - David decided to become an actor.
10. Madonna – 140
Incredibly, Madonna was also included in the list of celebrities with the highest IQ level. Probably the “most” is the most the right word when it comes to Madonna. The most commercially successful performer (included in the Guinness Book of Records), the most influential woman (included in the list of “25 Most influential women 20th century." according to Time magazine), the worst actress (“Golden Raspberry” 2000). It's no surprise that she's also the smartest.
11. Shakira – 140
Voted one of the most powerful women on the planet in 2013 and 2014 by Forbes, this celebrity is one of the most intelligent pop stars. She has achieved tremendous success in the musical field and is interested in world culture and education. Shakira is an ambassador good will UNICEF is actively involved in charity work and has opened two schools for children.
12. Natalie Portman – 140
Natalie Portman completes the list of celebrities with the highest IQ levels. One of the most beautiful and talented actresses and also very clever woman. She received her bachelor's degree from Harvard and speaks six languages.
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