Ivan Susanin is a peasant, a native of Kostroma district. He is national hero Russia, because he saved the Tsar, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, from the Poles who came to kill him.
The feat of the Kostroma peasant
Historians claim that Susanin was the headman in the village of Domnino, Kostroma district. The interventionists from Poland did not know the way to the village where the tsar was, and asked Susanin how to get there. Ivan Osipovich volunteered to personally escort them to Domnino. The Poles promised to reward him for this. The future national hero, instead of the village, led them to a huge, impenetrable forest, which he himself knew like the back of his hand. The Poles realized that the village elder had deceived them and led them into the forest to destroy them. They were beside themselves with anger and killed the peasant. However, they themselves soon disappeared into the swamps located in the forest.
There is an opinion that this event happened in 1612, in the fall. There is some evidence to support this date. Legends say that Susanin hid Mikhail Romanov in a hole where a barn had recently been burned, and disguised the hole with charred boards. In the 17th century, barns were burned in late autumn, so if the story about the pit is true, the date of the event is correct. Although many researchers still reject this theory.
Susanin's personality
Unfortunately, there are almost no reliable facts about Susanin’s personality. However, it is known that he had a daughter named Antonida. He also had grandchildren - Konstantin and Daniil. In the year of the feat, Ivan’s daughter was 16, therefore, the hero himself was approximately 32-40 years old.
Death of a Hero
There are 2 versions regarding Susanin’s death. The first, most common version, says that he died in the forest, in the Isupov swamps. The second is that he died in the village of Isupovo itself. This version the most truthful, as documents confirm this. The fact is that Susanin’s great-grandson went with a petition to Empress Anna Ioannovna to receive special benefits, since he was his descendant. To prove this, he cited the death certificate of his great-grandfather, where this village was indicated.
Ivan Osipovich Susanin was buried in the Ipatiev Monastery.
In conclusion, I would like to say that Susanin is a noble man who can serve as an example for his contemporaries. His name has not been forgotten to this day. Schoolchildren are told about his feat. Yes, the history of our country contains many heroes, and one of them is the peasant elder, Ivan Osipovich Susanin.
For children 3, 4, 5, 7 grades.
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Ivan Susanin short biography for children, is outlined in this article.
Brief message about Ivan Susanin
Ivan Osipovich Susanin is, in fact, a rather dark figure in the story, in which he is the hero who saved Tsar Mikhail from death. The exact date when Ivan Susanin was born is not known, only the date of death is 1613. All that can be said with certainty is that he was a peasant living in the Kostroma district, the village of Domnina. His family belonged to the Romanov family.
What did Ivan Susanin do?
You can learn about the feat that Ivan Susanin accomplished from the texts of the deed of gift of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. According to it, the peasant Bogdan Sobinin, the son-in-law of Ivan Susanin, was granted land for the feat of his father-in-law, who saved Mikhail Fedorovich from the Poles, who wanted to “eliminate” him in order to elevate their protege to the Russian throne.
History says that back in the fall of 1612, a “war” broke out for Russian throne between supporters of the childless tsar and the Poles, who wanted to see their protege at the head of the state. Applicant for Russian throne Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, together with his mother Martha, left the Kremlin, besieged by troublemakers, and headed towards Domnino - Makarievsky Monastery. The Poles, having learned about this journey, wanted to find and eliminate a rival to the throne. Having reached Domnino, they tortured Ivan Susanin and fellow villagers, trying to obtain information about the whereabouts of Mikhail Fedorovich. Ivan Osipovich understood perfectly well that the Poles would not retreat from theirs until they got theirs. He pretended that he knew where Mikhail Fedorovich was and agreed to take them to him if they stopped torturing their fellow villagers. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the swamp. When they realized that the guide had deceived them, they began to abuse and torture Ivan Osipovich. But the one like a real hero, said nothing to the enemies and accepted death, and Mikhail Fedorovich thereby avoided death at the hands of the Poles.
Ivan Susanin is known to many history buffs. But unfortunately about the life of this famous person We know little because there are a lot of gaps in his biography since he was not interested in the life of an ordinary peasant in those days.
It is known that Ivan Susanin was an ordinary peasant and lived in an ordinary peasant village of Domino. We know very little about Ivan Susanin because in those days ordinary peasants were not given a surname, but were most often given nicknames after their father’s name, and if there was no father, then after their mother’s name. From this information we can know that Ivan Susanin did not have a father.
And he was given the nickname after his mother. ABOUT personal life Unfortunately, almost nothing is known about Ivan Susanin either. All that is known is that he was married and had a daughter whom he married off and she had children, but there is no exact information. According to information, the wife died early. It is known that in his peasant village Ivan Susanin developed and was even a manager. Susanin became not a simple peasant, but became a headman in the village, and after that he already became a manager in the village. But that's not all exact facts, historians have had many doubts and disputes about this.
What feat did Ivan Susanin accomplish?
Ivan Susanin is a national Russian hero. The whole world knows about the feat of Ivan Susanin, because an event took place that went down in history. This was when Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov was the main contender for the throne Russian Empire in 1612 - 1613, this event took place in winter. It all happened because the King of Poland, Sigismund, planned to place his eldest son Vladislav on the Russian presto.
It is known that at that time there was turmoil in the country, and there was a struggle for power. Then Mikhail Fedorovich was hidden by the monks in the monastery. The Poles were furious and looked everywhere for Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, but they couldn’t find him anywhere. Ivan Susanin led the Poles further away from the monastery where the future Emperor of Russia was hidden. Ivan Susanin led an army of Poles into large swamps and they could not get out of there and every single one of them died there. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich awarded Ivan Susanin and all his descendants a posthumous safe conduct for his salvation. Some historians say that this is just a legend and therefore all this has not been proven.
Why did he go down in history?
Ivan Susanin went down in history thanks to his feat, because he gave his life to save the future Emperor Mikhail Fedorovich. Ivan Susanin died a terrible and painful death for the sake of the Tsar and in his honor there is a monument on the Volga. He accomplished a great feat and this tells us that Ivan Susanin was a courageous and brave man who was not afraid of death and was devoted to the king. It is known that he lived in times of terrible and great unrest at that time life was not easy and there were constant battles very difficult many died for power a large number of there were people in the country terrible hunger. People like Ivan Susanin should be respected and remembered forever. Ivan Susanin, an ordinary peasant, became a national hero and will be remembered in history for centuries.
Over the past few years, cultural figures, politicians and journalists have been trying to find historical figure, which could be called - “”.
There are many applicants worthy people- emperors and politicians, generals, writers and poets. But there is no unity among the people.
For every argument in favor of one thing or another, there is another that is clearly not in its favor. But there are still examples in history of people from the people who could really be the personification of Russia.
We are talking about Ivan Susanin. His feat is truly heroic, however, unfortunately, folk hero little is known. His name is familiar to many, even from school.
On class hour We were told more than once about the brave peasant, and in music lessons we were told about the opera “Ivan Susanin”, written by Mikhail Glinka.
Ivan Susanin was a simple peasant who lived in the village of Derevenki, which was located in Kostroma district. What preceded his feat?
After his death, a time of great unrest began in Russia. Famine, Polish invasion, impostors on the Russian throne. Everything was heading towards the fact that the Russian people would lose their statehood. But the people bravely defended their Land.
The militia managed to drive the Poles out of Moscow and liberate the Russian Land from the invaders. This was in the autumn of 1612.
After those events, the Poles still did not give up hopes of placing their man on the Russian throne. Polish troops wandered around Russian soil for a long time. It became clear to everyone Zemsky Sobor that the boyar will become the new king. The Poles found out about this and decided to find the future king.
At that time the king was in Domnina - his mother’s estate. The Poles headed towards the village. The area is swampy, and there are militias all around. What to do? The Poles took local residents and, threatening them with violence, forced them to show them the way.
One of the “guides” was Ivan Susanin. He led the Poles for a long time through forests and remote paths, and eventually the detachment reached the Isupovsky swamp. The guide killed himself and the Poles. He laid down his life for his Motherland, for the Tsar and for the Faith. Ivan understood that if Mikhail Romanov was killed, he would attack Rus' new troubles. At the cost of his life, he saved thousands of other lives of his compatriots.
Susanin's feat really took place in Russian history. The following facts confirm this. In 1619, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov presented Susanin's son-in-law, Bogdan Sobinin, with a Letter of Complaint.
The offspring were freed from duties and were also awarded a plot of land. From now on they are free peasants. It is reliably known that these grants were subsequently confirmed in 1633 and 1644.
In March 1851, a monument to Mikhail Romanov and Ivan Susanin was unveiled in Kostroma. The creator of the monument is the Russian sculptor Vasily Ivanovich Demut-Malinovsky. Unfortunately, after the revolution, the monument was overthrown by the Bolsheviks.
In 1913, it was the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov, in honor of Susanin’s feat, a chapel was built in Derevenki, and was present at its opening, along with.
Ivan Susanin is an example of courage, perseverance and heroism, a simple man who gave his life for the good of his compatriots.
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Romanov) from the Polish invaders. Doesn't exist today reliable information about the identity of this According to historical chronicles, Susanin served as headman in the village of Domnino, Kostroma district. A detachment of Polish interventionists asked Ivan Osipovich to take them to his village, where Tsar Mikhail Romanov was staying. For this Susanin was entitled to a reward. Instead, the future hero led the Poles into the After some wanderings, the invaders realized that the man decided to destroy them. After prolonged torture of the peasant, they realized that he would not indicate the road leading to the village. The Poles killed Susanin. But the murderers themselves soon died in the forest swamps. Today the name of this noble man immortalized. And proof of the hero’s existence is the letter given to his son-in-law. And also the human remains found near Kostroma, which, apparently, belonged to Susanin. Well, now we’ll take a closer look at what Ivan Susanin is famous for and study some facts of his biography.
Lifetime of Ivan Susanin
Before moving directly to the feat and personality of Ivan Osipovich Susanin, I would like to acquaint the reader with the period of time in which the great martyr lived. So that was the first half XVII century. At the beginning of the 1600s, Russia was gripped by unprecedented class, natural and religious disasters. It was during this period that the famous famine of 1601-1603 took place, the seizure of the throne by an impostor, the rise to power of Vasily Shuisky, Polish invasion 1609, as well as the militia of 1611 and many other incidents.
A large mountain has approached and where, in fact, it lived and left many blank spots. Episodes characterizing that time include: the destruction of Kostroma in 1608-1609 by False Dmitry II, the attack on the Ipatiev Monastery, the defeat Polish troops Kineshma and other bloody events.
Whether the events described above, namely anxiety, internecine squabbles and the invasion of enemies, had any relation to Susanin and his relatives or whether they bypassed their family for some time is unknown. But this entire era is the time when Ivan Susanin lived. And the war approached the hero’s house when it seemed to have already ended.
Susanin's personality
Ivan Susanin, whose biography contains very little known facts, the personality is still interesting. Little is known to us about the existence of this man. We only know that Ivan had a daughter with a name unusual for our time - Antonida. Her husband was the peasant Bogdan Sabinin. Susanin had two grandchildren - Konstantin and Daniil, but it is not known exactly when they were born.
There is also no information about Ivan Osipovich’s wife. Historians are inclined to believe that at the time the peasant committed the feat, she was no longer alive. And since during the same period Antonida turned 16 years old, scientists, when asked how old Ivan Susanin was when he led the Poles into the forest, answer that he was in mature age. That is, it is about 32-40 years.
When everything happened
Today, many people know why Ivan Susanin is famous and what feat he accomplished. But there are several versions regarding what year and time everything happened. Opinion one: the event took place in the late autumn of 1612. The following information is provided as evidence in favor of this date. In some legends we're talking about that Ivan hid the king in a hole in a barn that had recently been burned. The story also says that the hero also covered the pit with charred boards. But this theory was denied by most researchers. If this is true, and the ancient legends do not lie, then it really was in the fall, since the barns were heated and burned at this time of year.
Or maybe it was the last winter month of 1613?
Conscious ordinary people, thanks to numerous artistic canvases, literary works and Glinka’s opera M.I., the image of Ivan Susanin, who led the Poles through snowdrifts through the forest, was firmly entrenched. And this generally accepted version. Therefore, there is reason to believe that the feat was accomplished somewhere in the second part of February or the first half of March. At this time, the Poles were sent, who were to kill Tsar Michael in order to destroy the stabilization of Russia and conduct a further struggle for the right to become the head of the Russian throne.
But one way or another, no one will ever know the truth about exact date accomplishing a feat. After all, an incredibly large number of important details remain a mystery. And those that were saved were most likely interpreted incorrectly. We know what Ivan Susanin is famous for. And let everything else remain a myth.
Death of Susanin in Derevnishche
In several historical chronicles, which tell how Ivan Susanin hid Romanov in a pit in the village of Derevnische, they also talk about how in the same village the Poles tortured Ivan Osipovich and then took his life. But this theory is not supported by any documents. This version was not supported by almost anyone who researched the life of the famous hero.
The most common version of death
The following theory regarding the hero's death is the most famous and most supported by historians. According to it, Ivan Susanin, whose feat is described above, died in the Isupov swamp. And the image of a red pine tree that grew on the hero’s blood is considered incredibly poetic. The second name of the swamp sounds like “Clean”, because it is washed with the suffering blood of Ivan Osipovich. But all this is just folklore speculation. But be that as it may, it is the swamp that is the main scene of action for the entire Susanin feat. The peasant led the Poles through the quagmire, luring them into the very depths of the forest, away from the village they needed.
But along with this, many questions arise. If Ivan Susanin (the story of the feat is described above) really died in the swamp, then did all the Poles die after his death? Or only some of them have sunk into oblivion? In this case, who said that the peasant was no longer alive? There is no mention of the death of the Poles in any documents that historians have been able to find. But there is an opinion that the real (and not folklore) hero Ivan died not in the swamp, but in some other place.
Death in the village of Isupovo
The third version regarding the death of Ivan says that he died not in the swamp, but in the village of Isupovo. This is evidenced by a document in which Susanin’s great-grandson (I. L. Sobinin) asks Empress Anna Ioannovna to confirm the benefits granted to the descendants of Ivan Susanin. According to this petition, it was in the indicated village that Ivan Osipovich died. If you believe this legend, then the residents of Isupovo also saw the death of their fellow countryman. Then it turns out that they brought bad news to the village of Domnino, and perhaps they delivered the body of the deceased there.
This version is the only theory that has documentary evidence. It is also considered the most real. In addition, the great-grandson, who was not so distant in time from his great-grandfather, could not help but know what Ivan Susanin was famous for and where he died. Many historians also share this hypothesis.
Where is Ivan Osipovich Susanin buried?
A natural question would be where is the grave of the Russian hero. If you believe the legend that he died in the village of Isupovo, and not in the swamp of the same name, then burial must be mandatory. It is assumed that the body of the deceased was buried in the cemetery near the Church of the Resurrection, which was a parish church for residents of the villages of Derevnische and Domnino. But there is no significant and multiple evidence of this fact.
It is impossible not to mention the fact that a little later after the burial, Ivan’s body was reburied in the Ipatiev Monastery. This is also a version that does not have solid evidence. And it was rejected by almost all researchers of Susanin’s feat.