Corvette- a class of warships designed for patrol and patrol service in the coastal zone. The main tasks of corvettes are considered to be patrolling and anti-submarine defense of the coast. This, however, does not exclude their direct participation in military conflicts.
Heirs to the missile boats of the second half of the 20th century, modern corvettes successfully combine versatility and reasonable cost. Powerful missile weapons, underbody and towed sonar systems, site air defense systems, stealth technologies, combat information systems, multifunctional radars, UAVs, helicopters. The displacement of modern corvettes exceeds the military destroyers of the Second World War, and in terms of combat capabilities, the “babies” are not inferior to ships of a higher rank.
Here is a short overview of the world's five best representatives of the Corvette class. Their sizes vary by thousands of tons, and their characteristics are “tailored” to the needs of their fleets and the conditions of specific seas. However, they are all united by the common idea of a small multifunctional coastal combat ship.
Project 20350 “Steregushchy” and its further development pr.20385 (Russia)
In service - 4. Under construction - 4 + 2 more corvettes, Project 20385. Plan - 18 units.
Length 90 m. Displacement (full) > 2200 tons. Crew 99 people. Full speed 27 knots. Cruising range - 3500 miles at a speed of 14 knots. Armament (serial ships pr. 20380):
- three modules of the 3K96 “Redut” air defense system (12 launch cells). B/c 12 long-range anti-aircraft missiles or 48 short-range anti-aircraft missiles. On the modernized corvettes of Project 20385, the number of air defense units should increase to 16;
- eight small-sized anti-ship missiles X-35 “Uran”;
- small-sized anti-submarine complex “Packet-NK” (8 torpedoes of 324 mm caliber);
- universal A-190 gun of 100 mm caliber, two six-barreled AK-630M assault rifles;
- landing pad and hangar in the aft part of the superstructure to accommodate the Ka-27PL helicopter;
- anti-sabotage means of protection, large-caliber small arms.
« If you put ten cannons on an 8-gun ship, six of them will be able to fire.”(old British rule).
Despite the overload and weapons inadequate for its class, the domestic project 20380 turned out to be a success. The Steregushchy's capabilities go far beyond the traditional tasks for corvette-class ships, and its shortcomings (the weak Furke-2 radar was unable to provide target illumination at long distances) are only a consequence of attempts to duplicate the tasks of larger frigates and destroyers.
The excessive power of the Russian corvette is explained by a good desire to quickly get a ship in the ocean zone in conditions of an acute shortage of ships and stagnation of domestic shipbuilding at the beginning of the 21st century. You can be proud of the result. The latest technologies and noble lines with traces of stealth technology: the Steregushchiy-class corvettes are the harbingers of a new look for the Russian Navy.
Corvette "Boiky", in place of the air defense system "Kortik" the launch cells of the air defense system "Redut" are visible. In the background are its predecessors, small anti-submarine ships pr. 1124
Visby-class stealth corvettes (Sweden)
There are 5 units in service.
Length 72 m. Displacement (full) 640 tons. Crew 43 people.
Combined diesel-gas turbine power plant, full speed 35 knots. Cruising range - 2300 miles at a speed of 15 knots. Armament: universal Bofors gun of 57 mm caliber, 8 small-sized anti-ship missiles RBS-15, two twin 400 mm caliber torpedoes (anti-submarine torpedoes Tr 43 and Tr 45, specially designed for the shallow depths of the Baltic), Helipad, uninhabited underwater vehicles for searching for enemy mines and submarines.
Underwater lighting means include three sonars for various purposes(under the keel, towed and lowered). In the aft part of the superstructure, space is reserved for a helicopter hangar or air defense system; space for a block of 127 mm unguided missiles (ALECTO anti-submarine system, whose development was discontinued in 2007) remains unclaimed. There is tech. opportunity to lay minefields.
Visby is certainly impressive. The stealth corvette, whose appearance was supposed to change the balance of power in the Baltic and become a revolution in the field of military shipbuilding. The Swedish ship is ideally suited for operating in narrow skerries and searching for submarines in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Bothnia. It is unobtrusive, fast, versatile, relatively cheap, and at the same time has an outstanding set of tools for monitoring the underwater environment.
At the same time, many questions remain: in its current form, Visby is practically defenseless from air attacks (the capabilities of the only Bofors, electronic warfare and MANPADS are clearly not enough to repel any serious air threat). On the other hand, corvettes serve in the coastal zone, under the cover of the Swedish Air Force. The small signature of their physical fields allows them to safely close in on an enemy to strike within 10 miles while remaining undetected (“zone of advantage”).
Corvettes "Type 056" (China)
Built - 23 units. 7 are being built. Plans include: 43 Type 056 corvettes and at least 20 modernized Type 056A.
Length 89 m. Displacement (full) 1440 tons. Crew 60 people. Full speed 28 knots. Cruising range at operational speed 18 knots. - 3500 miles. Armament: universal 76 mm caliber gun, 4 small-sized S-803 anti-ship missiles, HQ-10 self-defense air defense missile system (8-charge unit on a rotating carriage), two built-in 324 mm torpedo tubes, 2 automatic cal. 30 mm, helipad, no hangar.
Everything is too obvious. The only thing left to add is that there are a lot of them.
Braunschweig-class corvettes (Germany)
5 units built.
Length 89 m. Displacement (full) 1840 tons. Crew 60 people. Full speed 26 knots. Cruising range 4000 miles at a speed of 15 knots. Armament: OTO Melara universal gun of 76 mm caliber, 4 small-sized RBS-15 anti-ship missiles, two RAM self-defense air defense systems (21-charge unit, missiles with thermal seeker), 2 MLG installations with remote control(27 mm automatic guns). The dimensions of the Braunschweig helipad allow it to accept any anti-submarine helicopter (SeaKing, NH90), but their permanent deployment is not provided. At the rear of the corvette there is a hangar with limited dimensions to accommodate two Camcopter S100 reconnaissance and attack drones.
Strict Teutonic silhouette in “storm gray” color. A German corvette is missing stars from the sky. It is durable, reliable and best suited to its current tasks. Patrolling coastal waters, without unnecessary “show-off” and attempts to appear better than he is.
At the same time, German engineers have something to be proud of. In addition to the centimeter range radar, the corvette detection system includes the MIRADOR optoelectronic complex for all-weather monitoring of the situation in the infrared range. The Braunschweig has another interesting detail - the MASS (Multi-Ammunition Softkill System) active jamming complex, capable of shooting numerous decoys that can deceive the seeker of any missile. MASS interferes in all possible ranges (thermal, optical, UV, laser, radar).
Littoral Combat Ship LCS (USA)
There are 4 units in service. 7 are under construction. Plans include 20 LCS ships.
Data provided for LCS Independence: Length 127 m. Displacement (full) 3100 tons. The permanent crew is 40 people, with rooms reserved on board for 75 people. Full speed (practical) 44 knots. Cruising range 4300 miles at operational speed 18 knots. Armament: 57 mm Bofors universal gun, SeaRAM self-defense air defense system, two 30 mm Bushmaster II automatic cannons, 50-caliber machine guns. Most of the ship is dedicated to a huge flight deck and helicopter hangar..
The modular design of the LCS allows you to combine equipment depending on the current tasks (towed hydroacoustic means, mine-hunting underwater vehicles, anti-sabotage means, electronic intelligence etc.). Free space on the upper deck can also be used to accommodate target loads in non-standard positions. In practice, this is expressed in the installation of missile launch containers - from the small Hellfire to the Norwegian-made Kronsberg NSM anti-ship missiles.
A high-speed stealth trimaran that duplicates the tasks of corvettes, minesweepers, patrol cutters, anti-submarine and small missile ships. It was created for the specific conditions of the US Navy, where sailors needed a mobile helicopter base to solve both the simplest (chasing drug courier boats in the Gulf of Mexico) and the most complex missions (anti-aircraft defense in the open ocean, mine sweeping, reconnaissance, patrolling and transportation of special cargo). in zones of military conflicts).
Transfer of fuel from the aircraft carrier "Carl Vinson" to the littoral combat ship "Freedom"
LCS are built in parallel in two various projects. The fast monohull ship (Lockheed Martin project) and the fantastic trimaran from General Dynamics demonstrated complete identity both in terms of cost and in terms of their combat capabilities. And every project had own merits. As a result, the contract was divided in half - each of the firms received an order for 10 ships.
The Americans' attempts to achieve the coveted speed of 50 knots are especially fun. Despite the most powerful CODAG-type power plant (a combination of diesel engines and gas turbines) and four Finnish Värtislya water cannons, the designed speed was not achieved. In return, many problems were encountered - from power plant fires to hull cracking at high speeds. Currently max. speed was demonstrated by the LCS-1 Freedom. The ship reached 47 knots (87 km/h) at the measured mile.
The ship under the loud name “Rattling” is a Project 20385 corvette, which was preparing to be laid down in February 2012. In parallel, the development of an analogue of the “Agile” was carried out. The process began at the location in St. Petersburg. The ceremony was attended by high ranks of the Russian armed forces. This project is directly focused on the construction of military vessels, the arsenal of which includes the most modern offensive and defensive weapons.
Development and construction
The project 20385 corvette is an improved version of a similar design under the designation 20380, with the introduction of fundamentally new technological and design solutions. in St. Petersburg signed a contract to create four ships of this category, two of which are already ready. In parallel, work is being carried out in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. New ships must become as reliable as possible in terms of attack, including the use the latest tools air defense.
Developed Project 20385 corvette (“Thundering”) design department"Diamond". Predicted home port of the ships after completion - Northern Fleet. The project under consideration is significantly more advanced than its predecessor. This is especially true for tactical and technical parameters, weapons, combat and maneuvering capabilities. In theory, manufacturers plan to build ten similar corvettes for Russian Navy. This will make it possible to significantly increase defense capability in terms of protecting the maritime border. It is worth noting that in the production of ships they use composite materials, and the cost of their production and delivery was at least half a million rubles.
Features and usage
20385 is a project of a new generation corvette intended for multi-purpose use. Its main task is to detect and destroy enemy surface ships or submarines. The combat vessel also serves for landing troops, protecting the coastal zone, and escorting other ships.
In addition to artillery and missile weapons, there are radar and sonar systems on board. The installation of a hangar for the Ka-27 helicopter expands the capabilities of the warship. This significantly increases the combat effectiveness of the vessel, allowing timely detection of enemy targets. Additional protection against detection of the Project 20385 corvette is the use of special technologies in the design that minimize their radar detection. Reliability and maneuverability in any conditions are guaranteed by composite components from FSUE Prometey, which have proven their importance in previous similar developments.
Technical indicators
Below are the characteristics of the Project 20385 corvette:
- Length/width of the ship - 104/13 m.
- The displacement is 2200 tons.
- Speed threshold - 27 knots.
- The vessel's autonomy indicator is 15 days.
- The distance covered is 5600 km.
- Power units - diesel engines 1DDA-12000.
- The number of crew members is 99 people.
The artillery weapons on board are represented by the A-190-01 installation (100 mm caliber). There is a universal missile system "Caliber", machine guns, anti-aircraft guns of the "Redut" type, acoustic and radar bases, anti-submarine weapons "Package" and reinforcement in the form of a Ka-27 helicopter.
Hull and superstructure
The Gremyashchiy corvette is the lead ship in the newest project 20385. Its hull is predominantly made of steel and has a smooth deck. Innovative design solutions have improved resistance to oncoming water by 25 percent and reduced loads on the main electrical installation.
The new design of the underwater part of the hull allows the use of a power plant with less weight, and this frees up the displacement parameter by about 20 percent. Due to this combat equipment the ship can be significantly strengthened. An additional advantage is the increase in speed by two knots.
The superstructure of the swimming combat vehicle is made of non-flammable composite components. They include fiberglass and carbon fiber-based polymers. This system makes it possible to achieve a small detection radius by location stations and systems. The stern is equipped with a special hangar and platform for the placement and take-off of the Ka-27 helicopter. Its fuel reserve is about 20 tons. Project 20380 and Project 20385 corvettes are strikingly different in equipment and armament in favor of the latter option.
Power plant
Previously, the main power unit was supposed to be German MTU type engines. Subsequently, following countermeasures for import substitution, it was decided to use domestically produced engines. The order was sent to specialists from JSC Zvezda and the Kolomna plant. As a result, the Project 20385 corvette was equipped with a pair of DDA-1200 diesel units.
Each unit includes two motors and a reversible gearbox. They have an automatic control system and microprocessors. The characteristics of the power plants are given below:
- Working life - at least 15 thousand engine hours.
- The average cruising range, taking into account a speed of 14 knots, is 4,000 nautical miles.
- The material of the piston base is heat-resistant steel type EI-415.
- The basis of the power units is AK-6 aluminum alloy.
- The power rating of each generator is 630 kW.
- Current requirement - 50 Hz (380 watts).
These installations make it possible to provide high percent power with a minimum of fuel and oil consumption, while reducing the hydroacoustic visibility of the ship.
Ship radio equipment
The project 20385 corvette "Gremyashchiy" has the following radio equipment:
- System "Sigma" (BIUS).
- Automatic communication unit "Ruberoid".
- Targeting complex "Monument".
- General detection station "Furke-2".
- OGAS node "Anapa-M".
These devices make it possible to reduce the probability of detecting a vessel by three times and operate in a mode from 64 to 2000 MHz. They are able to identify over two hundred intended targets, and also counter enemy missile systems, providing protection to the ship. This is facilitated by four launchers for neutralizing interference of the “Bold” type. Coordination actions to control the helicopter are carried out using a special navigation tower OSP-20380.
Armament
The vessels in question are equipped with several types of weapons. Among them:
- A pair of combat anti-ship installations with four launch systems and 8 missiles. The launch containers are located in the middle part of the body (longitudinally along the diameter of the platform). The maximum target engagement range is 260 km.
- Anti-aircraft weapons, which consist of the Redut system with three modular installations, the Igla mobile complex, thirty-millimeter guns with six barrels (mounted on the stern).
- Complex "Rubezh".
- A pair of 330 mm caliber guns against torpedoes (Packet-N system).
- 100-mm artillery mount A-190. Its rate of fire is about 80 launches per minute. The Puma control system allows you to control aiming and shooting itself.
- Anti-submarine helicopter Ka-27.
The Project 20385 corvette, the photo of which is shown below, can launch projectiles aimed at hitting not only enemy submarines and surface vessels, but also oncoming torpedoes.
Seaworthiness parameters
The ship in question has increased seaworthiness compared to its analogues and predecessors. In this case, the load on vibrations during lateral motion does not matter. This opportunity gives the right to freely use all ammunition even in sea conditions of up to 5 points.
The designers paid special attention to the survivability of the ship. The developers used the latest technologies and composite materials. This made it possible to significantly reduce the radar signature of the ship. The Gremyashchiy corvette of Russian corvette project 20385 is the first of its kind, equipped with polymer materials with high absorption of radio impulses and non-standard architectural design.
As a result, the detection and circular dispersion factor decreased by almost three times (compared to analogues). Additional protection is provided by complexes aimed at blocking enemy attack weapons.
What modifications were developed?
According to the initial plan, it was planned to develop and build four main corvettes of Project 20385. “Gremyashchiy,” the photo of which is presented above, became the flagship and a single vessel, the construction of which continued in this direction. In addition, the following modifications were designed:
- Border patrol corvette (20380P).
- Export version equipped with minimal weapons. It was supposed to have the option of changing ammunition to foreign analogues.
- "Prompt". He purposefully prepared for Black Sea Fleet, had improved equipment and weapons.
- An upgraded version with the ability to mount the Horizon combat mount.
The names of the ships are no less sonorous: “Zealous” and “Strict”.
Project 20385 corvette “Agile”
This vessel is assigned serial number 1006. It is the second hull of the project under consideration. The laying of the series also took place at the Northern Shipyard of the shipbuilding plant in St. Petersburg.
The event was attended by Admiral Vysotsky, fleet commanders of all levels, as well as other high-ranking officials and honored guests. The development of this project began in the spring of 2013. The Provorny differs from previous models in its large displacement (2200 tons) and dimensions. The length of the ship is 105 meters, and the beam and draft are 13 and 8 meters, respectively. The equipment in the weapons is also an order of magnitude different from its predecessors, thanks to the possibility of installing the Caliber-NK systems, Redut and Package complexes. It is planned to be based on the deck of a Ka-27PL helicopter.
Peculiarities
A very important difference between the ship in question is the presence of an optocoupler-type mast, which serves to control radar devices and increases the ability to detect enemy targets, and also helps to strengthen the combat caravan, guaranteeing the escort and identification of ships and aircraft. A significant role in this is played by the radar and control unit of the Puma type.
Judging by the commentary of the leading engineer of the Almaz central design bureau, K. Golubev, development in terms of new naval ship construction is also being carried out according to an improved program under the index 20386. The project is focused on the maximum provision of domestic weapons, although the details of the construction still remain secret.
As stated by Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Yu. Borisov, by 2020 it is planned to produce at least 16 corvettes of the class in question. The main production facilities are concentrated at the shipyard in St. Petersburg and the Amur Shipbuilding Plant.
Experts think that the main snag in the construction of such ships is the compatibility of the latest weapons in large quantities and the cost of the final option. Designers continue to work to bring this figure to the optimal level.
Bottom line
The Project 20385 corvette, the characteristics of which are given above, has the most modern weapons and a multifunctional focus. As part of this event, the construction of only one of the representatives (“Thundering”) continues. The remaining vessels are being developed according to an updated design. This is due to the rise in cost of the ship, which is not always justified by the presence of various types of heavy weapons. The developers, despite the delay in replacing foreign power plants with domestic analogues, say that all planned work is being carried out according to the planned schedule.
The best. Corvettes. Project 20380 - One of the most advanced ships of the Russian fleet. It is faster and more accurate than any ship of the previous generation. How are Project 20380 corvettes structured and armed with?
The “Most-Most” line is dedicated to the most outstanding man-made structures and cars. Each issue talks about one of the most significant objects, the fastest, most accurate and powerful technology.
The most ambitious objects of engineering and the results of hard work every day make our lives more convenient and safer, are part of history and create the basis for a great future.
The tradition of calling patrol ships by adjectives is sometimes extremely apt. Steregushchiy, the first-born of Project 20380, is simply a class symbol, a patrol ship. “Boikiy”, which kindly accepted us on board, is already a serious bid for success, because it is the third in the series. After a dozen or two, the turn of the name “Reasonable” will come - after all, if the ship manages to become truly widespread, this will demonstrate in the best possible way that the bet on a new class of corvettes was made correctly.
1. The post of ship commander is occupied by left side bridge. For the most part, it consists of screens on which the commander can display almost any information about the state of the ship’s systems and weapons, targets, situation, and navigation.
2. The helmsman's station consists of a navigation screen, a steering wheel and a power plant control panel (full speed, low speed, etc.). The ship can independently maintain a given course, but even on autopilot, a sailor is always on duty at the helm. By right hand From the helmsman you can see the handle of an autonomous communication device, which will make it possible to transmit a message to any post in the event of a power outage.
3. The post of the watch officer allows you to simultaneously monitor the operation of all ship systems, from the state of the power plant to the supply of provisions. The watch officer has an advanced communications system at his disposal and can quickly contact any post on the ship. ARMAMENT DIAGRAM. 1. 100-mm artillery mount A-190 “Universal” 2. Combat module of the Kortik-M air defense system (on subsequent ships - 12 launch cells of the Redut air defense system) 3. Anti-ship missile system"Uranus" (later to be replaced by "Onyx" or "Caliber")
4. 30-mm six-barrel anti-aircraft guns AK-630M
5. Latsport of the anti-torpedo protection complex “Packet-NK”
6. Complex of fired jammers PK-10
7. Under-the-keel antenna of the Zarya-2 hydroacoustic complex
8. Hydroacoustic target designation system of the anti-torpedo protection complex
9. Navigation radar "Pal-N"
10. Navigation radar MR 231−2
11. Optical-electronic device MTK-201 M2.2
12. Target designation radar antenna 5P-10 “Puma”
13. “Monument-A” radar antenna in a radio-transparent casing
14. Three-dimensional general detection radar "Furke-2"
15. Lowered hydroacoustic station "Anapa-M"
16. Stations of the electronic warfare complex TK-25−2
17. Hangar for the Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopter
18. Airstrip
19. Extended towed hydroacoustic station “Minotaur-M”
The class of coastal patrol ships in the USSR is the same “holy place” that has been empty for decades. Why this happened is well explained by the history of the Project 12441 Novik-class ship.
In 1991, project 12440 was approved, designed according to last word equipment: gas turbine power plant with two propulsion and two afterburning engines; hull and superstructures made using composite materials and taking into account the requirements of low radar signature (Stealth technology); the most modern and promising anti-aircraft missile system at that time “Poliment?/?Redut”, a hangar for the permanent deployment of an anti-submarine helicopter.
In 1994, adjustments to the project caused by the collapse of the USSR were completed: many prospective suppliers suddenly found themselves in foreign countries. The project was modernized many times during construction. Its running characteristics and combat qualities improved, but along with them, the ship’s displacement also increased, which significantly exceeded what was originally indicated in the assignment. “Novik” has come close to the ships of the sea zone, capable of long-term patrols and escorting ships during sea crossings, but with excessive characteristics for combat operations off the coast.
As a result, the most technically advanced ship was reclassified as a training ship and was not completed.
A similar story happened with the Neustrashimy, project 11540, which was developed in the 1970s. Conceived as a small anti-submarine ship with a displacement of 800?? t, in a matter of years it “grew up” to 1500, then to 2000, and in the version with a helicopter it reached 2500?? t and moved to the sea zone. The result is similar: only one Neustrashimy entered service in 1987.
Of course, the fast, well-protected and armed Novik could easily cope with any tasks in the coastal zone. Its critical drawback is the price. But to protect maritime borders and timely respond to local territorial conflicts, there must be a lot of patrol ships.
Therefore, towards the end of the 1990s, a competition was announced to develop a lighter and cheaper patrol ship, which was won by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau, the same one that designed Novik.
Project 20380 ships of the Steregushchy type promise to become the main force navy Russia in the coastal zone. And despite its lower cost compared to Novik, it is, without a doubt, one of the most innovative and technically advanced vehicles in the domestic fleet.
Notable innovations include redesigned hull lines with hydrodynamic drag reduced by almost a quarter, and a helicopter hangar, the first to be placed on such a small ship. The most important breakthrough can be called the use of a unified information system for controlling weapons and all electronic equipment of the vehicle.
Finally, the ship received a new class designation in full accordance with the times and international terminology. Now it is no longer a patrol ship, but a corvette.
Compared to its predecessors, Project 20380 can already be called successful. We were lucky enough to board the Boykoy, the third ship of the project, moored at the Severnaya Verf shipyard in St. Petersburg. It is in the final stages of factory testing. The other two, Steregushchiy and Soobrazitelny, have already been adopted by the Russian Navy. Four more corvettes are laid down on the stocks of the Severnaya Verf and the Amur Shipyard, a total of 20 ships have been ordered, and perhaps this is not the limit.
The main components of the success of Project 20380 are a carefully designed housing design and a unified electronic automation system. These components determine the combat qualities, the composition of weapons, and the working conditions of the crew, as well as the reliability, maintainability and possibility of modernizing the vehicle.
The contours of the ship's steel hull were designed from scratch and so successfully that hydrodynamic drag at full speed (27 knots or 50 km/h) was reduced by 25%. This made it possible to use a less powerful and lighter main propulsion unit (GPU), thereby freeing up more than 15% of the displacement to increase the combat load. Hence the array of various weapons, impressive for a 1,500-ton ship, and even a helipad, a hangar and a 20-ton fuel supply for the Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopter.
The corvette's improved seaworthiness allows it to be used in seas up to force five (two points more than its previous analogues). In addition, a less powerful power plant operates more quietly, helping to reduce the ship's visibility in the hydroacoustic range. To reduce the noise of engine mechanisms, technologies previously tested on submarines were used.
The power plant consists of two diesel-diesel units DDA12000, specially developed by OJSC Kolomensky Plant based on the proven D49 diesel engine with microprocessor control. Each unit consists of two 16-cylinder V-shaped diesel engines and a summing gearbox and drives a fixed-pitch propeller. The total power of the two-shaft power plant reaches 24,000 hp. Four diesel generators of 630 kW each provide power to the on-board network.
It’s not for nothing that “Guardian” is called invisible, although following the principles of Stealth technology is an indispensable attribute modern ships of this class. The ship's superstructure, width from side to side, is made of low-flammability radio-absorbing glass and carbon fiber plastics. Antenna posts and missile weapons are stored in the hull whenever possible. Four-pipe 330-mm torpedo tubes of the Package-NK anti-torpedo protection complex are hidden in the ports. In general, the ship's average circular effective scattering surface has been reduced by three times compared to previous analogues, due to which the probability of targeting anti-ship cruise missiles at it has been reduced from 0.5 to 0.1.
The unified combat information and control system is perhaps the main innovation of Project 20380, which in one way or another affects the tactical characteristics of the ship, the life of the crew, and the reliability of all technical means, and even on the speed of weapons modernization.
“If previously the systems were scattered throughout the ship and all the work of coordinating them fell on the crew members, now the ball is ruled by an integrated bridge system in which the description is concentrated current state all ship systems, from mechanics to the use of weapons,” says Yuri Alexandrov, deputy chief builder of the Severnaya Verf plant.
In addition to the ship's controls, the integrated bridge system includes two components: a missile and anti-submarine weapons control section and a radar warfare and air, surface and underwater situation lighting section. The first section consists of three posts located side by side directly on the captain's bridge. Combat unit commanders (CU) work here. The first is responsible for anti-submarine warfare, the second is responsible for the anti-ship complex. Externally, their posts look the same: they are large screens on which information about targets and the state of combat systems is displayed. The same screens are available for the corvette commander, who can at any time request any information about the ship, and for the watch officer, who also has access to a variety of data - from diesel operating parameters to provisions.
The tasks of the third warhead commander include coordinating all weapons systems and issuing recommendations to the ship commander on the use of weapons. It is important that the ship’s commander, the helmsman, the watch officer, and warhead commanders work in the same room and can quickly make coordinated decisions and carry them out.
The corvette has a system capable of coordinating the weapons and detection systems of multiple ships operating in a division. ABOUT technical aspects plant employees prefer not to publicize its work, noting, however, that with each new ship the system becomes more powerful.
Its essence is that information on the air, surface and underwater conditions, on detected targets and communications is concentrated in one center and is processed. Here the degree of danger of the targets is determined, a decision is made on the type of weapon used, after which the information is instantly sent to the ships, helicopters and aircraft included in the group for coordinated actions.
The use of such a system is especially logical in combination with a helicopter, which, being invulnerable to submarines and using active sonar detection means, has undeniable advantages over ships in terms of illuminating the underwater situation.
For now, the division control system is a very weighty stationary equipment placed on a ship, but in the near future it will become portable: figuratively speaking, all tactical information will be concentrated in the admiral’s suitcase.
The section for radar warfare and illumination of air, surface and underwater conditions is located in the chart room, adjacent to the bridge.
The target acquisition facilities are controlled by several officers. There is also a map server where the navigator uploads maps. maritime areas in accordance with the trip plan. Thanks to a unified management system, these maps are available at all positions where they are needed - from the bridge to the helicopter hangar.
Maximum automation of all ship systems made it possible to significantly reduce the time required for decision-making, as well as to facilitate the work of the crew and reduce its number to 100 people.
The presence of integrated information networks on a ship entails a number of additional advantages related to reliability, maintainability and speed of equipment modernization. According to Yuri Alexandrov, more than a thousand industrial and research enterprises scattered literally throughout Russia are involved in the construction of the corvette. When the next component arrives at the factory, the moment of truth comes: it must demonstrate perfect compatibility with all ship systems.
Compatibility problems are not uncommon in shipbuilding. Fortunately, thanks to modern electronic technology, many components are smaller and lighter than before. It became possible to return them to the manufacturer for modification or invite specialists to the plant with the necessary spare parts.
A unified ship network, on the one hand, means a certain unification of communication protocols of various devices. Components are initially created specifically for them, so the likelihood of “rejection” becomes less. On the other hand, suppliers can test their components in advance using computer simulators. For example, if a radar station is being tested, the computer can play the role of both the rest of the ship and its weapons, and the target that needs to be detected.
Finally, the ship's modular concept allows for the ability to install the latest weapons as they become operational. For example, if on the title ship of project 20380 “Guardian” for air defense responded to the Kortik-M anti-aircraft missile system, then on the Boykoy, which was the third to be born, its place was taken by the more modern and incomparably more powerful Redut air defense system.
Three blocks of four cells (12 cells in total) can carry from 12 9M96E2 missiles with a launch range of 135 km and a strike height of up to 35 km to 48 9M100 self-defense missiles with a range of up to 12 km in various combinations. The Redoubt will be defended against an air attack by the Igla man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems (launched from the shoulder) and two aft six-barreled 30-mm AK-630M artillery mounts.
As befits a new project, the ship met a lot of criticism along the way. Perhaps the attacks on the insufficiently long cruising range are caused by the absence of the previous class of corvettes in service with the Russian Navy. Skeptics should admit that the tasks facing the fleet have changed, and today having several dozen corvettes is more relevant than several ocean-going destroyers.
Discussions arose about the composition of the ship's armament, its security and survivability, however, these qualities are also difficult to consider in isolation from the tactical schemes characteristic of the corvette class.
Over the course of several years of service on the Steregushchy, problems occurred twice in the main power plant, which was the reason for comparing the diesel-diesel unit with gas turbine engines, which are more reliable and lighter, but incomparably more expensive.
At the time of publication of this material, “Boikiy” could have already been in service, if not for problems with the 100 mm artillery installation"Universal", which refused to work normally not only on Project 20380, but also on the Russian-made Indian frigates Talwar, Trishul and Tabar.
However, the main advantage of Steregushchiy-class ships is flexibility. Diesels can be modified, the gun mount can be replaced, but the ships will not remain on the slipway and will not become unfinished. “Not a single ship repeats the previous one,” confirms Yuri Alexandrov. “Smart” differed in many ways from “Steregushchy”; “Boikiy” also looks a little different.” It is flexibility, accessibility, serialization and, in the future, mass production that indicate that Project 20380 is big success Russian fleet.
Tactical and technical data
| Displacement, t: | |
| standard: | 1800 |
| full: | 2100 (project 20385 - 2300) |
| Dimensions, m: | |
| length: | 111.6 (project 20385 - 115.1) |
| width: | 14 |
| draft: | 3.7 (overall - 5) |
| Full speed, knots: | 27 |
| Cruising range: | 4000 miles (14 kts) |
| Autonomy, days: | 15 |
| Power point: | 2x11660 hp diesel engines 1DDA-12000, 2 fixed pitch propellers (project 20385 - 2 fixed propeller propellers), 4 ADG-630K diesel generators, 630 kW each |
| Weapons: | 2x4 PU KT-184 PKRK 3K24 "Uran" (PKR 3M24, then 3M24UD) (project 20385 - 1x8 PU 3S14-20385 UKSK 3K14 (RK "Calibr-NK")) 3x4 PU 3S97 SAM 3K96-3 "Redut" (12 9M96 or 9M96D SAMs or 48 9M100 SAMs) (No. 1001 - 1 3M87-1 "Kortik-M" SAM module - 8 PU SAMs, 2x6 30 mm (64 9M311 SAMs , 12000 rounds) (Project 20385 - 4x4 PU 3S97 SAM 3K96 "Redut" (16 9M96 or 9M96D missiles or 64 9M100 missiles)) 9K38 “Igla” air defense system (8 9M39 missiles) 1x1 100 mm A-190-01 - SU 5P-10-02 “Puma-02” (on project 20385 without SU) 2x6 30 mm AK-630M-06 - SU SP-521 “Rakurs” 1x1 45 mm 21KM - on Boykoy 2 14.5 mm 2x4 330 mm PU SM-588 PTZ “Packet-NK” (8 MTT torpedoes, M-15 anti-torpedoes) 2x2 45 mm DP-64 grenade launchers (240 SG-45, FG-45 grenades) 1 Ka-27 helicopter |
| RTV: | 5P-20K-A "Monument-A" radar, 5P-27M "Furke-2" general detection radar, 2 "Sandal-V" control center radars, MR-231 navigation radar, MR-231-3 navigation radar, "Pal-N" navigation radar ", electronic warfare complex TK-25-2, state identification equipment: 3 "Password", optical-television complex MTK-201M, SJSC "Zarya-2", BUGAS "Minotaur-ISPN-M", anti-sabotage OGAS MG-757 "Anapa- M", BIUS "Sigma-20380", communication complex R-779-16 "Ruberoid", NK "Czardash-20380" EW complex PK-10 “Brave” (4 launchers KT-216) - 80 rounds AZ-SO-50, AZ-SR-50, AZ-SOM-50, AZ-SK-50, AZ-SMZ-50 (pr. 20385 - electronic warfare complex "Prosvet-M" (PU KT-308)) |
| Crew, persons: | 99 (14 officers) |
Corvette "Staudy" ( tail number 545) is the fourth in a series of four Project 20380 ships built by JSC Shipyard"Northern Shipyard" for the Russian Navy. The main one is (put into operation on November 20, 2007), the second - (put into operation on November 14, 2011), the third - (put into operation on May 16, 2013).
Project 20380 was developed by the St. Petersburg Central Marine Design Bureau "Almaz" for the Russian Navy.
Project 20380 corvettes are designed: for operations in the near sea zone of the state, combating enemy surface ships and submarines; for artillery support amphibious assault during sea landing operations by launching missile and artillery strikes on ships and vessels at sea and bases; to patrol the area of responsibility for the purpose of blockade.
Main characteristics of the corvette “Stoykiy”: Standard displacement 1800 tons, total displacement 2220 tons. The greatest length is 104.5 meters, along the waterline 90 meters. Beam 13 meters, maximum draft 7.95 meters. Maximum speed 27 knots, economical speed 14 knots.
Engines: 4 diesel engines 16D49, 2 shafts, 2 five-blade propellers.
Power: 23320 l. With. or 17140 kW.
Cruising range from 3500 to 4000 miles at 14 knots. Navigation autonomy based on provisions is 15 days. The crew is 99 people.
Weapons:
Radar weapons: general detection radar "Furke-2", target designation radar URO "Monument-A", navigation radar 1 x "Pal-N", sonar "Zarya-2", towed sonar "Minotaur-M", lowered sonar "Anapa- M", satellite navigation system CH-3101.
Electronic weapons: Sigma-20830 BIUS, 5P-10 Puma-02 control system, electronic warfare systems: 4x10 122-mm PK-10 “Smely” launchers, electronic warfare equipment: TK-25-2.
There are no tactical strike weapons.
Artillery: 1x100mm AU A-190 (332 rounds).
Anti-aircraft artillery: 2x6 30-mm AU AK-630M (6000 rounds).
Missile armament: 2x4 Uran anti-ship missile systems (8 X-35 anti-ship missiles), 1 Kortik-M air defense system (32 missiles, 3000 rounds).
Anti-submarine weapons: 2x4 330-mm TA Packet-NK (8 torpedoes).
Aviation group: 1 Ka-27PL helicopter, deck hangar.
The corvette “Stoykiy” was laid down on November 10, 2006 on the slipway of the Severnaya Verf Shipyard, construction number 1004. It was launched on May 30, 2012. The corvette bears the name inherited from its famous predecessors: the first guards destroyer of the Baltic Fleet, Project 7U, which defended Leningrad and Tallinn during the Great Patriotic War, the first serial destroyer project 30 bis and the sixth serial project 956, which were previously built at the shipyard and served Russia faithfully in different periods of its history.
November 14, 2013, the newest corvette of project 20380 “Stoikiy”. December 10th. On December 20, the crew prepared the ship for factory sea trials at sea. December 25, where it will undergo the first stage of factory sea trials (FST) at the sea ranges of the Leningrad naval base of the Baltic Fleet.
On January 15, 2014, the newest corvette of Project 20380 “Stoikiy”, where at the sea ranges of the Leningrad naval base will continue the first stage of factory sea trials (FST). January 21 at the sea ranges of the Leningrad naval base of the Baltic Fleet. On January 24, the corvette of project 20380 “Stoikiy” under the command of captain 3rd rank Vyacheslav Zhuravlev - after making an inter-base transition from Kronstadt. On February 06, the crew of the newest Project 20380 corvette “Stoikiy” under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Vyacheslav Zhuravlev underwent factory sea trials (ZHI). On February 13, the crew under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Vyacheslav Zhuravlev with the crews of Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters and Su-24 front-line bombers of the Baltic Fleet naval aviation. On February 18, the crew successfully spent time at the sea training grounds of the Baltic Fleet. On March 14, the crew was in the Baltic Sea. On March 26, the crew continued to conduct the naval part of state sea trials at the combat training grounds of the Baltic Fleet after a forced break due to the hurricane raging in the Kaliningrad region. April 02 to conduct artillery firing with the main ship complex. April 08, the crew during the state tests in the combat training ranges of the Baltic Fleet. On April 14, the ship's crew successfully entered the Baltic Fleet's combat training ranges.
May 04, 2015 to participate in the naval parade dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory Soviet people in Great Patriotic War. According to a message dated May 22, during entry into the sea range located in the water area Baltic Sea, according to the large and small sea shields, simulating warships conditional enemy. According to a report dated May 26, “Stoikiy” and “Boikiy” completed a number of combat training missions at the sea ranges of the Baltic Fleet. In cooperation with the Ka-27PL anti-submarine helicopter, the sailors practiced joint anti-submarine operations - they conducted an exercise to search, detect and destroy a submarine with the conditional use of anti-submarine weapons. The role of the mock enemy submarine was performed by the diesel-electric submarine of the Baltic Fleet of the Varshavyanka class, one of the quietest submarines. According to a report dated May 29, at the sea ranges of the Baltic Fleet, he successfully carried out artillery firing at sea surface targets from ship-based AK-630 and A-190 systems during a battle with surface ships of a mock enemy. at the International Naval Show (IMMS-2015), which took place in St. Petersburg from July 1 to July 5. According to a report dated July 10, the ship's crew is at sea. According to a report dated September 16, as part of the joint Russian-Belarusian operational exercise “Union Shield-2015”, simultaneous missile firing was carried out at complex targets simulating a mock enemy ship.
July 05, 2016 to Baltiysk after completing tasks in the North Sea. According to a report dated September 15, elements of the second course assignment(K-2) with artillery firing at targets simulating a warship and air attack weapons of a mock enemy. According to a message dated November 11, the ship's crew in the sea ranges
In Great Britain there are a huge number of ancient the most beautiful castles. We mainly know the castles of Scotland and Wales, which is not so developed in terms of tourism. But in England there are several very interesting and ancient castles. The main one is, of course, the ancient summer residence royal family- Windsor castle.
Windsor Castle is located just 20 kilometers from London, so we couldn’t help but visit it during our New Year’s trip.
You can get to Windsor by train from Paddington or Waterloo stations.
The city is located on the picturesque banks of the Thames and has long been loved by the royal family. Windsor was founded by William the Conqueror. It is believed that already in the 12th century, Windsor Castle, which is the main attraction of the city, was built of stone. At that time, such buildings were even for royal residences were quite rare. Each subsequent English monarch rebuilt the castle and added new halls. So, over almost 900 centuries of its existence, Windsor Castle has accumulated many royal relics and acquired the appearance that it has now.
I was immediately struck by the amazing similarity between Windsor Castle and the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka. This is not surprising, since the architect according to whose design the Vorontsov Palace was built, Edward Blore, also took part in the next reconstruction of Windsor Castle.
Windsor reached its greatest prosperity during the Middle Ages: kings spent huge fortunes on this city, due to which the well-being of ordinary townspeople also increased. Also closely connected with Windsor is the history of the emergence of one of the oldest knightly orders in Great Britain - the Order of the Garter, which appeared in 1348. King Edward III was passionate about the history of knights, and even decided to build a special room in Windsor Castle where it would be possible to recreate the round table legendary king Arthur.
Once at a ball he danced with one noble lady who dropped her garter. Edward III picked it up and tied it on his arm. Immediately after this he announced the creation knightly order garter, which will be awarded to the most worthy representatives of the kingdom. The symbol of the order became a blue ribbon, to which was later added the sign of St. George, who is the patron saint of all warriors. Almost everyone received this high award Russian emperors, starting with Alexander I.
They say that at one time Peter I refused such an honor because he believed that in this way he became a British subject. The ceremonial knighting of this order is still held every June in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. King Henry VIII is buried in this cathedral along with the mother of his only son, Jane Seymour. Prince Albert was later buried here. By the way, the currently ruling royal dynasty is named after this amazing place Windsor.
As soon as you move a little away from the station, you can see a monument to Queen Victoria in a small square near the high walls of the castle. It was installed in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of her reign. The place was not chosen by chance. Here she and Prince Albert spent their Honeymoon, they spent a lot of time in this castle, and later, after the death of her husband, the dowager queen finally moved to Windsor. She traveled to London only on business.
In the mid-19th century, part of the royal chambers was opened to the public.
Despite the fact that some time later Windsor was forgotten by the monarchs, during the Second World War the little princesses Elizabeth and Margaret were brought here. They waited in this castle for difficult times for the whole world, while their parents remained in London and tried to support their people. Upon her accession to the throne, Elizabeth II announced that Windsor Castle would be her weekend residence; now she spends quite a lot of time there and even receives important guests.
Entrance to the castle grounds costs around £20. At first we had to wait in a short line because there are quite a lot of tourists in Windsor. The ticket comes with an audio guide in Russian, which made our visit to the castle very interesting.
After we passed through the castle gates, the ancient Round Tower appeared in front of us. This is one of the few buildings in Windsor that has survived from the Middle Ages. When Elizabeth II arrives at the castle, the royal flag is raised over the Round Tower. After a long reconstruction, it was finally made accessible to tourists and now from its walls you can admire views of the city and the park.
The tower also houses a bell made in Moscow and captured by British troops during the Crimean War in Sevastopol. It only calls when the monarch dies.
From the platform near the palace there is a stunning panorama of the surrounding area.
Then we went into the halls accessible to tourists. Most of them are still in use today royal family. Of course, visitors are not allowed into the queen’s bedrooms and private rooms, but other rooms can be explored.
The luxury of the palace and the number of rooms amazes even sophisticated tourists. Original paintings by the most famous artists, antique furniture, expensive dishes and decorative items, ancient authentic royal armor, all this can be seen inside Windsor Castle.
But the most memorable thing in my memory is Queen Mary's doll's house. Probably, houses for Barbie dolls were later copied from it. But of course, they are a thousand times more modest than the original.
This layout is typical English home of a wealthy family was created in 1923 on a scale of 1:12. A huge number of different craftsmen worked on the creation of the dollhouse. The result is a real working house with electricity, water supply, garage, garden and elevators. All mechanisms work, and decorative items are made of natural materials: there are real silver dishes on the tables, silk curtains on the windows, and the stairs are made of natural marble. For children, this is the most impressive part of a visit to Windsor Castle.
In addition, during our trip, the castle hosted a photo exhibition “Marcus Adams - Royal Photographer”. This master has photographed more than one generation of the royal family. The exhibition featured photographs of the Duke and Duchess of York, parents of Queen Elizabeth II. The photos were taken at a time when they did not yet know that they would become the king and queen of Great Britain. Photos of their young daughters Elizabeth and Margaret were also exhibited. And later the same photographer photographed little Charles and his sister Anna. We really liked these old photos, which convey a warm family atmosphere.
We then walked around the courtyard of Windsor Castle, watched the changing of the guard, admired the grand St George's Chapel and headed into the city.
After having a bite to eat at one of the restaurants in Windsor, we realized that we no longer had the energy to visit the outskirts of this town.
Several views of modern Windsor.
After all, you can cross the bridge to the other side of the Thames and reach the elite Eton College. This is a privileged school for boys, founded in the 15th century. IN Eton College Princes William and Harry studied.
There are also buses from Windsor train stations to playground Legoland. But you definitely won’t be able to visit all these fascinating places in one day.
Therefore, it is better to set aside a couple of days for Windsor if you plan to visit all its attractions. We were also impressed by a walk through Windsor Castle with its luxurious interiors full of the most outstanding works of art. I think you should definitely come here to get the most full view about the history of England and the life of the royal family.
Buy a tour to the castle, hot springs and Stone Henge online
Reviews, prices, hotel reservations in London