artificial river
Alternative descriptionsAn artificial channel filled with water, arranged in the ground for a navigable connection between individual bodies of water, as well as for water supply, irrigation, and drainage of swamps.
Narrow passage for ships in a bay, strait, or in ice
A narrow, long hollow space inside something, usually in the form of a pipe or tube
Separate TV and radio broadcasting line
An organ or a set of such organs in the shape of a pipe or tube through which certain substances pass (in the human body, animal body)
The path of passage of any signals to organs, devices
Communication line
water road
Path, method, means of achieving, implementing, distributing something
In Asia, the synonym is aryk
In cybernetics - a set of devices designed to transmit information
Venetiansky passage
Internal cavity of the barrel
Hydraulic structure
An artificial channel (water conduit) with free-flowing water movement, usually located in the ground
Film by Polish film director Andrzej Wajda
A narrow, long hollow space inside something
TV show receptacle
. “I was built by machines, I can shorten the path even from drought, like a warrior, a forest and a field on the shore” (riddle)
Film by Bernardo Bertolucci
An artificially created reservoir named after Moscow
Road for the gondolier
Painting by French painter Alfred Sisley
. "channel" of communication
. "street" of Venice
Man-made river
A man-made river, usually connecting two non-man-made rivers
Television cell
Television division
Belomor-...
Venice "track"
Suez...
Any device for transmitting information
Artificial channel filled with water
Panamanian or Suez
White Sea-Baltic...
Divides Panama into parts
Suez via Egypt
Divides Panama
Water street of Venice
Suez or NTV
. "highway" for gondola
Venice "street"
. "channel" called NTV or ORT
VolgoBalt
Communication line
Groove in the barrel of a weapon
. "channel" for the flow of information
Panamanian...
What you switch with the TV remote control
Venice "street"
. gondolier track
What we switch with the TV remote control
Electromagnetic waveguide
TV line
Diplomatic line of communication
Volgo-Baltic...
The volcano's mouth and the "street" of Venice
. gondolier's "road"
Television "channel"
Irrigation River
Home of the dental nerve
Panama divided
The ditch is essentially
. "river" for irrigation
. "river" between the Americas
. "river" connecting rivers
Venetian Avenue
Trench for water flow
Irrigation...
Artificial riverbed
A set of devices designed to transmit information
Great man-made river- the greatest ambitious project of the Libyan Jamahiriya - is a network of water pipelines supplying waterless areas and the northern industrial part of Libya with the purest drinking water from underground reservoirs of oases located in the southern part of the country. According to independent experts, this is the world's largest engineering project currently existing. The project's obscurity is explained by the fact that Western media Almost no coverage was given to it, and yet the project overtook the world's largest construction projects in cost: the project cost $25 billion.
Gaddafi began work on the project back in the 80s, and by the time the current hostilities began, it was practically implemented. Let us especially note: not a cent was spent on the construction of the system foreign money. And this fact is definitely thought-provoking, because control over water resources is becoming an increasingly significant factor in world politics. Isn't the current war in Libya the first war over drinking water? After all, there really is something to fight for! The functioning of the man-made river is based on drawing water from 4 huge water reservoirs located in the oases of Hamada, Kufra, Morzuk and Sirt and containing approximately 35,000 cubic meters. kilometers of artesian water! Such a volume of water could completely cover the territory of a country such as Germany, while the depth of such a reservoir would be about 100 meters. And according to latest research, the water from Libyan artesian springs will last for almost 5,000 years.
In addition, this water project in its scale can rightly be called the “Eighth Wonder of the World”, since it transports 6.5 million cubic meters of water through the desert per day, which amazingly increases the area of irrigated desert land. The man-made river project is completely incomparable to what was carried out Soviet leaders V Central Asia for the purpose of irrigating its cotton fields and which led to Aral disaster. The fundamental difference between the Libyan irrigation project is that practically inexhaustible underground water is used to irrigate agricultural land, rather than surface source water, easily subject to significant damage in a short period of time. Water is transported in a closed manner using 4 thousand kilometers of steel pipes buried deep in the ground. Water from artesian basins is pumped through 270 shafts from a depth of several hundred meters. One cubic meter crystal clean water from Libyan underground reservoirs, taking into account all the costs of its extraction and transportation, cost the Libyan state only 35 cents, which is approximately comparable to the cost of a cubic meter cold water in a large Russian city, for example Moscow. If we take into account the cost per cubic meter drinking water V European countries(about 2 euros), then the value of artesian water reserves in Libyan underground reservoirs is, according to rough estimates, almost 60 billion euros. Agree that such a volume of a resource that continues to grow in price may be of much more serious interest than oil.
Before the war, the man-made river irrigated about 160,000 hectares, which were actively developed under Agriculture. And to the south, in the Sahara, ditches brought to the surface serve as watering places for animals. And most importantly, drinking water was provided big cities countries, in particular the capital Tripoli.
Here important dates in the history of the Libyan irrigation project “Great Man-Made River”, recognized in 2008 by the Guinness Book of Records as the largest in the world:
October 3, 1983 - The General People's Congress of the Libyan Jamahiriya was convened and an emergency session was held, at which the start of funding for the project was announced.
August 28, 1984 - The leader of Libya lays the first stone in the starting building of the project.
August 26, 1989 - Second phase of construction begins irrigation system.
September 11, 1989 - water entered the reservoir in Ajdabiya.
September 28, 1989 - water entered the Grand Omar-Muktar reservoir.
September 4, 1991 - water enters the Al-Ghardabiya reservoir.
August 28, 1996 - regular water supply to Tripoli begins.
September 28, 2007 - water appeared in the city of Garyan.
As Libya's neighboring countries, including Egypt, suffer from shortages water resources, it is quite logical to assume that the Jamahiriya with its water project was quite capable of significantly expanding its influence in the region, starting in neighboring countries green revolution, both figuratively and literally, since by irrigating North African fields, most food problems in Africa would be solved very quickly, providing the countries of the region with economic independence. And corresponding attempts took place. Gaddafi actively encouraged Egyptian peasants to come and work in the fields of Libya.
The Libyan water project has become a real slap in the face to the entire West, because both the World Bank and the US State Department are promoting only projects that are beneficial to them, such as the project for desalinization of sea water in Saudi Arabia, the cost of which is $4 per cubic meter of water. Obviously, the West benefits from water scarcity - this keeps its price high.
It is noteworthy that, speaking at the celebration of the anniversary of the start of construction of the river, on September 1 last year, Gaddafi said: “Now that this achievement of the Libyan people has become obvious, the US threat against our country will double!” In addition, several years ago, Gaddafi stated that the Libyan irrigation project would be “the most serious response to America, which constantly accuses Libya of sympathizing with terrorism and living on petrodollars.” A very eloquent fact was the support of this project by former Egyptian President Mubarak. And this is probably not a mere coincidence.
Libya- state in North Africa. In the north it is washed Mediterranean Sea. It borders on Egypt in the east, Sudan in the southeast, Chad and Niger in the south, Algeria in the west, and Tunisia in the northwest.
The name of the country comes from the name of one of the local tribes - the Livu. The word "jamahi-riya" means "democracy".
Capital
Square
Population
5241 thousand people
Administrative division
The state is divided into 46 municipal districts.
Form of government
Republic.
Governing body
Revolutionary leadership.
Supreme legislative body
General People's Congress.
Higher executive agency. Higher people's committee(VNCOM)
Big cities
Official language. Arab.
Religion
97% are Sunni Muslims, 3% are Catholics.
Ethnic composition
97% are Arabs and Berbers.
Currency
Libyan dinar = 1000 dirhams.
Climate
The climate of the state is tropical, hot and dry, in the north it is subtropical. Average monthly temperatures are + 11-12°C. Precipitation ranges from 100-250 mm in the south to 400-600 mm per year in the north.
Flora
Vegetation in Libya is sparse. Deserts (occupy 98% of the territory) are almost devoid of vegetation cover. Date palms, orange and olive trees grow in a few oases. In mountainous areas there are juniper and pistachio trees.
Fauna
The fauna of Libya is represented by hyena, gazelle, wild cat, and antelope. The most common birds are eagle, hawk and vulture.
Rivers and lakes
There are no permanent rivers. Significant reserves groundwater, a water supply system (Great Man-Made River) was laid to irrigate the land.
Attractions
Museum in Tripoli natural history, Archaeological Museum, Ethnographic Museum, Museum of Epigraphy, Museum of Islam, Triumphal Arch in honor of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Karamanli and Gurgi mosques, Spanish fortress in Al-Khum, Leptis Magna museum. Along the coast there are ruins of Phoenician and Roman settlements, including Roman baths.
Useful information for tourists
The traditional drink of Arab countries is coffee. The process of preparing and drinking it is a complex ritual. First, the grains are fried, stirring them with a metal rod, and then crushed in a special mortar with mandatory compliance a certain rhythm. Coffee is brewed in copper or brass vessels similar to teapots. The finished drink is served in small cups, in order of seniority. Guests are offered coffee three times, after which decency requires thanking the owner and refusing. Coffee is drunk without sugar, but with the addition of spices - cloves, cardamom, and in some countries - saffron and nutmeg. Power mode in Arab countries two meals a day: usually this is a very hearty breakfast and an equally hearty lunch.
September 2010 is the anniversary date of the opening of the main section of the Great Man-Made River, recognized in 2008 by the Guinness Book of Records as the largest irrigation project in the world. However, for some reason the media stubbornly does not write about this. Although in in this case The main thing in this project is not its gigantic scale, but the very purpose of this unique construction. If the project is successfully completed, this Great Man-Made River will transform desert Africa into a green continent like America or Australia. However, will this be a “successful ending”?
Water instead of oil?
When Libya was looking for oil deposits in 1953, it unexpectedly discovered in the south huge reserves of drinking water, which fed the desert oases. And only a few decades later the Libyans realized what a treasure they had found: water, which turned out to be more expensive than black gold. The black continent, always experiencing a shortage of water and therefore having very poor vegetation, had gigantic water reservoirs underneath it - 35 thousand cubic meters of artesian water. There is so much water there that it is possible to completely flood a country like Germany, which has an area of more than 350 thousand sq. km. The reservoir descended to a depth of one hundred meters. If this water floods the entire surface of Africa, then this continent will become a green and blooming garden.
This is what Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi thought about. And no wonder, because almost all of Libya is a desert. And Gaddafi had the idea to develop a very complex system pipelines that would pump water from the Nubian water reservoir to the driest regions of the country. For this purpose, from South Korea specialists on such projects were invited. And in the city of Al-Buraika they even built a plant that began to produce reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of four meters. Gaddafi himself inaugurated construction of the pipeline in August 1984.
Gaddafi's Eighth Miracle
It is no coincidence that the man-made river is included in the Guinness Book of Records. Many generally call it the largest engineering construction on our planet. And the Libyan leader himself called it the eighth wonder of the world. Today, this water supply network consists of 1,300 wells, each half a kilometer deep, about four thousand kilometers of underground concrete pipes, a network of pumping stations, reservoirs, and system management and control centers. Every day, about seven million cubic meters of water flow through these four-meter concrete pipes of a man-made river, which supplies several cities at once, including the capital of Libya, then Benghazi, Gharyan, Sirte and others, and also irrigates fields planted right in the middle of the desert. Libya's far-reaching plans included the irrigation of about 150 thousand hectares of cultivated areas, and then Libya intended to connect some other African countries to this system. And at the very end, the Libyans intended to transform their continent from an eternally hungry and beggarly continent into a continent that could not only provide itself with supplies of barley, oats, wheat and corn, but also begin to export these agricultural products. The end of the project was supposed to come within a quarter of a century. But alas...
Expulsion from Eden
Libya has embarked on a revolutionary path. An uprising broke out there early last year, and Muammar Gaddafi died at the hands of the rebels in the fall of 2011. However, there are rumors that the Libyan leader was killed by his own man-made river.
Of course, it would not be at all beneficial for certain major powers that were involved in supplying food to the Dark Continent if Africa acquired independence in this matter, overnight turning into a producer from a consumer. And second: even now, when the planet’s population has increased greatly, our Earth started using even more fresh water, which has become very valuable resource. Many European countries are experiencing a shortage of drinking water. And here in Africa, in some Libya, a source of fresh water arose that could provide everyone with water for several centuries.
Once, opening the next construction site of the Great Man-Made River, Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi said: “Now that we have achieved this, the United States will increase its threats against us. America will do everything for our great work was destroyed so that the Libyan people will always remain oppressed." This solemn meeting was attended by many heads of state located on the continent of Africa who supported this initiative of Gaddafi. Among them was Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
At the beginning of the year, Mubarak resigned as President due to the sudden revolution that broke out in Egypt.
Aren't there a lot of coincidences? Moreover, what is interesting: when NATO troops intervened in the Libyan conflict, the first thing they began to bomb in order to “achieve peace” was the Great Man-Made River, its plant producing concrete pipes, its pumping stations and system control panels. So there is a very big doubt that the battle for oil is smoothly turning into a battle for... water. And Gaddafi is the first victim in this battle. And let's hope it's the last one.
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