The only opportunity to learn a language for preschoolers is to join a Tatar group or a Tatar kindergarten
The language revolution, having done away with Tatar in schools, reached kindergartens. Manuals of 2013 regulating compulsory study state language of Tatarstan by preschoolers, are not subject to use - the letter was signed new minister education Rafis Burganov on the last working day of last year. While supporters of the voluntary Tatar “shout: hurray! And they throw caps into the air,” for Tatar parents, the new minister’s letter knocked the ground out from under their feet: the opportunity to teach native language in kindergartens, they say, there are virtually none left. Details in the material of Realnoe Vremya.
Kindergartens were reminded of the Federal State Educational Standard, in which there is no place for Tatar
On New Year's Eve, the language revolution, which ended the compulsory study of the Tatar language in schools, reached kindergartens. On December 29, the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan Rafis Burganov sent a letter to the heads of district education departments “On planning educational activities in preschool educational institutions."
In short, kindergartens were reminded that they must create a class schedule and the amount of educational workload in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard and SanPin, additionally informing that the manual of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan dated November 8, 2013 cannot be applied. This manual just reinforced the compulsory study of the Tatar language in kindergartens.
As the Minister of Education and Science of Tatarstan Rafis Burganov told Realnoe Vremya, there is no talk of abolishing Tatar in kindergartens; they simply followed the schools in kindergartens and brought the program into compliance with the requirements of the prosecutor’s office.
At one time, we had representations from the prosecutor’s office regarding secondary schools, and we received corresponding letters, the same as in secondary schools with programs, with our methodological suggestions were sent to those institutions that also regulate the teaching of state and native languages,” Burganov commented.
As Rafis Burganov said, there is no talk of abolishing Tatar in kindergartens; they simply followed the schools in kindergartens and brought the program into compliance with the requirements of the prosecutor’s office. Photo by Maxim Platonov
To the clarifying question of the Realnoe Vremya correspondent: “That is, in kindergartens, just like in schools, parents will be able to choose whether or not to attend Tatar lessons?” - Rafis Burganov answered: “Yes.”
Repay the debt: watches in Tatar borrowed from drawing and mathematics
What was criminal in the 2013 manual that kindergartens were prohibited from using it? According to her, Tatar language children in younger group studied during games, and starting from middle school - three times a week for 20 minutes. In order not to overdo it with study load, which, for example, in preparatory group should be no more than 14 lessons per week, time for two Tatar lessons was borrowed from other subjects, and the third hour was added in violation of SanPiN.
So, in middle group took away hours from sculpting/appliqué, drawing and broadening my horizons. IN senior group- in the subjects “Cognition” and drawing, and in the preparatory group - in the “formation of elementary mathematical representations"and drawing.
To say that these lessons were canceled completely is wrong. They were transferred to regime moments”, that is, they were engaged in casually - during the time allotted for games, or they were included in the schedule additionally, or additionally, but as paid services. This is what angered some parents. In addition, parents are sure that drawing and modeling are more useful than the Tatar language, as they develop fine motor skills, and bilingualism in early age harmful, especially for children with speech therapy problems.
In the preparatory group, children have the maximum load provided for by SanPiN. This means that there should be no more clubs or activities. Otherwise, there will be overwork, the child will not have time to recover, and will get sick. It’s just that children still have to prepare for school outside of kindergarten, take extra classes, and decide on a hellish overload from the age of 6 just so that the child can continue to study normally. Or make a choice between preparing a child for school and his health, says Raya Demidova, head of the Parent Community of Tatarstan.
Children in the younger group studied the Tatar language during games, and starting from the middle group - 3 times a week for 20 minutes. Photo by Gulandam Zaripova
There is Tatar, but there is no opportunity to learn it
Burganov’s letter canceling the 2013 teaching manual in kindergartens was called a New Year’s gift by opponents of compulsory learning of Tatar. Back in November 2017, they began collecting complaints about the forced Tatar language in kindergartens. Now they have created a form for refusing Tatar, which they ask all parents to fill out, where they categorically demand “not to teach our child the Tatar language in any forms and in any way.” educational programs" and "exclude the work of the teacher in teaching the Tatar language with our child in his free time from educational activities, without creating a Tatar language environment in communication with him."
While some parents are rejoicing over the victory over Tatar in kindergartens, others are worried. According to Chulpan Khamidova, an activist of the Tatar Ata-Analary community, the teacher of the kindergarten her children attend was upset on the first day after the holidays that they would no longer have Tatar language lessons.
What we feared most happened: optimistic statements “Tatar is available, anyone who wants to can learn it,” but in fact there is no technical ability to teach it. Tatar was taught three times a week for 20 minutes, now it has been replaced by modeling and drawing, and there is no time left in the schedule for Tatar,” says Khamidova.
According to Chulpan Khamidova, the only opportunity to learn Tatar is to get into a Tatar kindergarten or Tatar group, but there are not enough of them.
There are, of course, more Tatar kindergartens than schools, but given that we, for example, could not get there, there is a problem. We also couldn’t get into the Tatar group: first we were told that there was no group our age, then there were no teachers. Previously, Tatar lessons somehow compensated us for this,” says Chulpan Khamidova.
The only opportunity for kids to learn Tatar is to go to a Tatar kindergarten or Tatar group, but there are not enough of them. Photo info-islam.ru
Now, according to Realnoe Vremya’s interlocutor, the only hope for Tatar parents is that, in connection with the new order, Tatar groups will become more in demand and they will be opened in kindergartens.
Daria Turtseva
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The discussion of the second edition of amendments to the law “On Education” begins in the State Duma of Russia. Abolition of compulsory language learning national republics within Russia has been worrying their residents for a year now. The parents were divided into two camps.
In Kazan, there are almost equal numbers of Tatars and Russians – 47 and 48 percent, and there are many mixed families. There are two official languages in Tatarstan – Russian and Tatar. Bilingualism is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic. For the last twenty years, all students have studied Tatar 6 lessons a week. Last year, compulsory learning of the Tatar language in schools was declared illegal. The reason was the statement Russian President Vladimir Putin, about the inadmissibility of forced learning of a non-native language.
“Within the framework of the legislation of the Council of Europe, within the framework of educational standards recommended by the Council of Europe, there is a concept of competence called “mother tongue”. That is, this is a core competency. Our native language is not registered within the Federal State Educational Standard, therefore there is no final certification in the native language. There is only final examination in the state Russian language,” says Airat Fazrakhmanov, historian, deputy chairman World Forum of Tatar Youth.
Even in the second edition of the document, only one of the four curriculum options provides for compulsory teaching of the native language.
The bill assumes that parents will make the choice. If the majority of parents in a class decide to refuse to study Tatar, the children of the rest will have to submit to someone else’s choice. Ekaterina, the mother of an eighth-grader, believes that studying the Tatar language is a waste of time for her son.
“My eldest son is in school, he graduated from the eighth grade this year. We have been studying the Tatar language for eight years, unfortunately to no avail. Almost every day from first to eighth grade,” says the mother of an eighth-grader.
Changes in language policy teachers have already been affected national languages. In the middle school year The prosecutor's office of Tatarstan demanded the dismissal of Tatar language teachers. Most school directors did this. And only the school principal, the Sun Pavel Shmakov refused and filed a lawsuit against the prosecutor's office.
"Sun is an abbreviation for: Specialized scientific olympiad center. We are a school where children are taught from fifth to 11th grade. The prosecutor's office of our country in general and the prosecutor's office of Tatarstan in particular, in my opinion, went too far. When they came to us with inspections, we were ordered to fire Tatar language teachers very quickly, immediately, in the middle of the school year, in winter, to change educational plans“says the director of the Solntse school, Pavel Shmakov.
The school's students agree with their principal. For six months, parents and high school students invariably came to the courts to support Pavel Shmakov.
« I like the Tatar language, and in general everything connected with it, because we generally live in Tatarstan, we must know the Tatar language, the Tatars are like our brothers,” says Alexander, a 5th grade student at Solntse school.
What future awaits the languages of the national republics will become clear after the adoption of the law. In essence, it is not the issue of teaching that is being resolved. And then whether Tatar, Mari, Chuvash, Dagestan and others will only be the languages of home communication or the cultures of multinational Russia.
Yulia Faizrakhmanova, Belsat
The State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan unanimously adopted a draft resolution on teaching the Tatar language in schools of the republic. As the Chairman of the State Council noted at a meeting of the Parliament of the Republic of Tajikistan Farid Mukhametshin, the government of the republic, together with the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, did a lot of work - “it was found general understanding with colleagues from the federal ministry."
“The main result of the consultations was that the Tatar language as the state language of the Republic of Tatarstan will be studied as part of the curriculum in schools. On November 28, in response to an appeal from the President of the Republic Minnikhanov Rustam Nurgalievich, a letter was received from the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Yuryevna Vasilyeva, who sent sample curricula to us, providing for the study state languages republics of the Russian Federation, where the state language of the republics of the Russian Federation is legally established.
The Ministry of Education and Science will big job on the adoption by schools of curricula with the inclusion of the state Tatar language in them in the amount of two hours. It is necessary to implement a set of measures, including making changes to work programs for the Tatar language, updating educational literature, methodological documents, advanced training and retraining of personnel.
Further delay and postponement of this issue, as well as discussions in society, create tension in relationships, as I have already said, both in the teaching environment, and in the parental environment, in the family, even among children.
That's why, Dear colleagues, at the proposal of the members of the Presidium of the State Council, I make a proposal: do not open the debate, proceed to consideration of the draft resolution on this issue, and protocol to the State Council Committee on Education, Culture, Science and national issues Deputy Valeev will need to take control of all this work, and it is possible that from time to time we will return to consider the progress of this work at committee meetings.
Let me voice the draft resolution, just two points: “Having heard the information from the Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan Mukhametshin, the prosecutor of the Republic of Tatarstan Nafikov on the teaching and learning of the state languages of the Republic of Tatarstan, the native languages of the peoples living in the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Council decides: to take into account the information of Mukhametshin and Nafikov and propose to the Ministry of Education and science of the Republic of Tatarstan, Engel Navapovich Fattakhov to take measures to organize educational process in state and municipal educational institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan in accordance with the model curricula presented by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on November 28, 2017.” This short decision [was made] after we postponed this issue for two sessions,” Mukhametshin said.
The draft resolution was adopted unanimously - 71 deputies voted in favor.
“Thank you very much, I think this resolution was adopted and supported by you with great understanding. The same understanding of both the importance and complexity of this issue should now be put into action in the preparation of new documents, which will be jointly prepared by the Ministry of Education and the government of the republic,” added the Chairman of the State Council.
Video: press service of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan
President Putin's recent statement addressed to the heads of the regions that it is unacceptable to force people to learn a language that is not their native language raised a reasonable question among parents of schoolchildren in national republics - did the president want to say that studying the languages of titular peoples cannot be mandatory?.. The other day, the Prosecutor’s Office of Bashkortostan, “in connection with citizens’ appeals,” explained that “teaching native languages, including Bashkir language, contrary to the consent of the students’ parents, is not permitted.” "Evening Kazan" asked the Tatarstan Prosecutor's Office to provide a similar clarification on this issue.
IT'S NOT ABOUT US, IT'S ABOUT THEM
Let us recall that on July 20, the President of Russia, at a visiting meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations in Yoshkar-Ola, stated: “The Russian language for us is the natural spiritual framework of our entire multinational country. Everyone should know him. The languages of the peoples of Russia are also an integral part of original culture of the peoples of Russia. Studying these languages is a right guaranteed by the Constitution, a voluntary right. Forcing a person to learn a language that is not his native language is just as unacceptable as reducing the level and time of teaching Russian. I point this out Special attention heads of regions Russian Federation».
The head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan, Engel Fattakhov, the president’s statement, it seems like Putin did not say this about our republic.
But in Bashkortostan, where within school curriculum all the children are studying the Bashkir language, paid attention to the words of Vladimir Putin. In early August, the head of the Republic of Belarus, Rustem Khamitov, told reporters that the republican Ministry of Education “once again analyzed” the issue of language learning and decided to make changes to the “basic educational plans eighth and ninth grades”, where Bashkir language lessons will henceforth become optional. And the other day, the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Belarus gave an official explanation on the “language” issue in schools. In its commentary, the supervisory authority relies on Art. 14 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, according to which citizens “have the right to study their native language from among the languages of the peoples of Russia.”
“Thus, the law establishes the right, and not the obligation, to study native languages and state languages of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation... Teaching native languages, including the Bashkir language, contrary to the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of students, is not allowed,” the statement says. prosecutor's explanation.
As is known, in Tatarstan there are also many parents of schoolchildren dissatisfied with the topics that children, regardless of nationality, are required to study the Tatar language in equal amounts with Russian. And even Russian children in Tatarstan study Russian as a “non-native” language according to an abbreviated program national schools. Therefore, “Evening Kazan” turned to the Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Tatarstan with a request to provide a similar explanation for parents.
The first reaction of the press service of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Tatarstan to our request: “Tatarstan is not Bashkiria, we do not have a similar situation with the study of native languages.” And then they asked to send an official request.
“Understand, the question is very sensitive. Here you can even lead to extremist statements...” - the supervisory authority explained the seriousness of the “language” issue.
We have sent a request to the prosecutor's office and are waiting for a response.
BETWEEN THE MOSCOW KREMLIN AND KAZAN
Meanwhile, “Evening Kazan” asked independent experts to speculate on how Tatarstan differs from Bashkiria in the situation caused by Putin’s statement, and what position our prosecutor’s office will ultimately take.
Prosecutor's office of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chechnya or Ryazan region is a single federal body. She has common approaches and standards. The Bashkirs cannot say one thing, and the Tatars another, says the expert Public Chamber RT lawyer Marat Kamalov. - But it happens that the prosecutor’s office is mistaken. I do not claim that the opinion of the Bashkir prosecutor’s office is wrong or correct. I do not know that. But Tatarstan has its own Constitution, which talks about two state languages - Tatar and Russian. Another thing is that the methods of teaching Tatar in schools are extremely poor, the textbooks are primitive. If not for this, the children could learn Tatar with only two lessons a week.
According to the academician's forecasts Russian Academy political science Vladimir Belyaev, the Tatarstan Prosecutor’s Office will simply avoid the “language” issue:
- She will fidget between the Moscow Kremlin and the Kazan Kremlin and, as the Minister of Education of Tatarstan, pretend that this does not concern us. Meanwhile, the problem of learning the Tatar language is like an old unhealed wound. As before, as now, I see one of her solutions - to teach children only conversational Tatar and not for five hours a week, as now, but for two.
Political scientist and historian Rais Suleymanov believes that although Putin’s statement was undoubtedly addressed to Tatarstan, it is not worth measuring Bashkortostan and Tatarstan with the same yardstick.
Tatarstan has a law “On the state languages of the Republic of Tatarstan” ( has been in operation since 1992. - "VC"), and Bashkortostan has its own language law. But the Tatarstan language talks about the compulsory study of two state languages - Tatar and Russian - in equal amounts, while the Bashkortostan language does not stipulate the compulsory study, respectively. local legislation does not contradict the federal law in this matter. Because of this, the Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Belarus speaks about the right to study Bashkir, and not about the obligation, explains Suleymanov. - Moreover, the prosecutor's office of the republic at one time made warnings to the head of Bashkortostan about the universal study of Bashkir in schools, without taking into account the opinions of parents. It must be said that this is a rare case in prosecutorial practice. And now in Bashkiria, it seems, everything is moving towards the fact that their native language will be studied there on a voluntary basis. I assume that the Tatarstan Prosecutor’s Office will not follow the path of its colleagues and will refer to the republican law on state languages.
The head of the community “Russian language in schools of national republics” and one of the participants in the protest parent movement against the compulsory study of Tatar, Ekaterina Belyaeva, agrees with Suleymanov - the Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Tatarstan will appeal to the republican law on state languages:
- Except Putin, no one will save us from compulsory Tatar. Several years ago, we, more than 300 parents, applied to the Prosecutor General's Office of Russia, but received a reply. Perhaps now that the agreement between Russia and Tatarstan has come to an end, the situation will change in our favor. But I would like the Russian President to come to Tatarstan and explain to everyone what he meant.
They believe in the power of Putin’s word, but do not count on a positive response from the prosecutor and public organization“Committee for the protection of the rights of Russian-speaking parents and students of the Republic of Tatarstan.”
After the president’s statement, parents in Tatarstan waited for someone from the authorities to explain to us and legally justify whether we understood his words correctly. But for some reason, Putin says one thing, and officials say another, as if we live in two realities,” committee chairman Edward Nosov is perplexed. - Now the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation is discussing a draft of new federal educational standards, and in it we, to our surprise, found a clause on the compulsory study of the state languages of the republics. If such federal standard If they approve it, then we will be completely surrounded by red flags. Therefore, we recently sent appeals to the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, the State Duma and the Federal Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva. And now we are preparing appeals to the Prosecutor General’s Office - let it explain to us what Putin meant.
Photo from the VK archive
The head of the government of Tatarstan, Alexey Pesoshin, decided to increase the number of Russian language hours in the republic’s schools from January 1, 2018.
According to this, this was done following a meeting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Interethnic Relations on July 20, 2017. At it, Vladimir Putin said that “forcing a person to learn a language that is not his native language is just as unacceptable as reducing the level and time of teaching Russian.”Moreover, until November 30, the Prosecutor General’s Office and Rosobrnadzor were instructed to verify compliance with the rights of citizens to “voluntary study of their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the state languages of the republics within the Russian Federation.” As the prosecutor's office of the Republic of Tatarstan clarified, there has not yet been such an order from a higher department.
Tatarsky will remain
The number of hours in Russian will increase, but the Tatar language will remain, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan comments and refers to the resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of 2004. According to it, the study of the state languages of the republic - Russian and Tatar - in schools in Tatarstan is recognized as not contradicting the Constitution of the Russian Federation (the decision of the Constitutional Court specifies that Tatar should not be studied to the detriment of the Russian language - Ed.). Therefore, the Tatar language, as a compulsory language, will also remain in the curriculum.
“The school told me to fill out consent forms to learn additional Russian as quickly as possible,” says the mother of a second-grader from Kazan, Raisa Demidova. - They said that 1 hour a week would be allocated for this, but at the expense of what hours (curricular or extracurricular), there is no answer. But according to our school’s curriculum, second-graders already maximum load(26 hours), provided for by SanPiN!”Plus, according to the parent, the resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which is operated by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tatarstan, says about equal volumes Russian and Tatar - on a voluntary basis. They say that such teaching does not contradict the Constitution if it is conducted in accordance with federal government educational standards. “But in these standards there is no subject “state language of the subject of the Russian Federation”, there is a subject “native language”! - explains Raisa Demidova.
Earlier, about the situation with the study of the Tatar language in the schools of the republic, “It seems to me that this is not entirely correct if you were born and live on the territory of Bashkiria or Tatarstan and do not know the language at the everyday level,” she said at the all-Russian parent meeting August 30 this year.
a common problem
Director of the Institute of History. Sh. Marjani of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan Rafael Khakimov, on the basis of the same resolution, expects an automatic increase in the hours of the Tatar language - in the event that there is more Russian. " Unified State Exam results Russian language skills in Tatarstan are better than the Russian average,” he says. - Parents were dissatisfied only with the methods of teaching the Tatar language. But this year the situation will improve: new textbooks have appeared. There are no other problems - there is no need to artificially politicize the issue.”
“This question is not within the scope interethnic relations, - objected the mother of a 4th grade student Galina Mikhailova (name changed). - We are not against the Tatar language. Both Tatars and people of other nationalities are in favor of increasing Russian hours. Because everyone is worried about the future of our children. They must take the Unified State Exam in Russian according to all-Russian requirements, although there are fewer hours of Russian in the Republic of Tatarstan. In addition, the Tatar language - unlike English - will be needed only in Tatarstan.”The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan has found it difficult to say how many lessons will be added to each class and how the curriculum will change in connection with this.