Name verbs. Verb conjugations to give, to eat

G.P. Kurinina

Let's learn Russian verbs!

(dictionary-reference book for foreigners)

Moscow

Publishing house of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Approved

Editorial and Publishing Council

Reviewer: Associate Professor, Department of Russian Language No. 3 Suchkova G.A.

This textbook is for reference purposes and contains a description of the most difficult category of the Russian language for foreign students - the verb.

The verb dictionary-reference book consists of 4 parts and includes a description of the forms of the Russian verb necessary for a foreign student at the initial and secondary stages of education.

Part 1 contains information about the infinitive, verb stems, forms of present, past and future tense, as well as types of verbs based on stress.

Part 2 contains a description of verb conjugation models (I and II conjugation).

Part 3 presents verbs NSV and SV of the same conjugation model, as well as different conjugation models.

Part 4 includes a description of conjugation models for verbs of motion. In addition, the reference book provides a dictionary with verb management.

Verb guide addressed to foreign students preparatory faculty, as well as everyone who wants to improve their knowledge in the field of the verbal category of the Russian language. Designed for initial and intermediate stages of learning.

The dictionary-reference book was prepared at the Department of Russian Language No. 3, Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and general education disciplines RUDN University

Publishing house of the Russian

Peoples' Friendship University, 2000

When using the verb guide, pay attention to the following: Accent highlighted in verbs capital letter: read, read, read - the emphasis falls on the vowel A; walk, walked, walk, walk - the emphasis falls on the vowels I, U, O; look, looked, look, see - the emphasis falls on the vowels E, Yu, O. Remember that vowel Yo in Russian always percussion: you go, you come back, you eat, you rest. (pro)chitA-yut, ( pro)read l, talk-Yat, speak l - so they stand out basics of present (future simple) and past tense.

Conditional abbreviations:

Infinitive – inf.

Imperative verb – imp.

Present tense of the verb - present time.

Past tense of the verb – last time.

Future tense of the verb – bud.time

Future simple tense – bud.simple.vr.

Future difficult time – future complex.vr.

Imperfect verbs – NSV

Perfect verbs - NE

I verb conjugation – I

II verb conjugation – II

Accent: accent type 1 – (1)

accent type 2 – (2)

accent type 3 – (3)

accent type 4 – (4)

Irregular accent characteristics – (1*), (2*), (3*)

Table - table, see table – see table.

Page – p.

PART 1

INFINITIVE VERB

Infinitive suffixes………………………………………………………………………………… table. 1

VERB STATION

The base of the infinitive and the base of the present (future simple) tense. Cases

coincidences and discrepancies of the basics……………………………………………………….. table. 2

CONJUGATION OF VERBS

1st conjugation of verbs (I)…………………..……………………………………………………………table. 3

2nd conjugation of verbs (II)..………………………….………………………….………………….table. 4

PAST TENSE OF VERB

Past tense forms…………………………………….………………………….table. 5

VERBS IN –SIA

Suffixes of the infinitive of verbs in –СЯ………………………………………………………table. 6

I and II conjugation of verbs in SLA…………………………………………….…………….…….table. 7

Past tense forms of verbs in -SY……………………………………………………………….…..table. 8 SPECIAL CASES OF FORMATION OF PAST TENSE FORMS………………. table 9

FUTURE TENSE OF VERB

Forms of the future tense………………………………………………………………..table. 10

Compare forms of verbs of the present and future simple tense….……………….…p. 14

TYPES OF VERBS BY STRESS PLACE

Accent type 1…………………………………………………………….…………………table. eleven

Accent type 2…………………………………………………………….…………………table. 12

Accent type 3…………………………………………………………….…………………table. 13

Accent type 4…………………………………………………………….…………………table. 14

Verbs with irregular accent characteristics………………………….…….. table. 15

Stress of verbs ending in -СЯ…………………………………………………………………… table. 16

VERB MODELS

Models of verbs of the first conjugation (model numbers)……………………………………………………….table. 17

Models of verbs of II conjugation (model numbers)………………………………………………………Table. 18

MODELS OF VERBS I CONJUGATION

MODELS OF VERBS WITH INFINITIVE FORM IN –TY

Conjugation of verbs of model 1. READ (WALK), 1a. TO BE ABLE……….………………table. 19

Conjugation of verbs of model 2. DRAW (DANCE)………….………………….…….. table. 20

Conjugation of verbs model 3. GIVE…………………………………………….………table. 21

Conjugation of verbs model 4. WRITE ……………………………………………………….……… table. 22

I conjugationsmodels WRITE………………………….table 23

Conjugation of verbs of model 5. RELAX………………………….…………………table. 24

Conjugation of verbs of model 6. BECOME (WEAR) ………………………………………….table. 25

Conjugation of verbs model 7. TAKE (CALL) …………………………………….……… table. 26

MODELS OF VERBS WITH INFINITIVE FORM IN –TI (s-t)

Conjugation of verbs of model 8. CARRY (DRIVE, GO) ………………………….……….table. 27

Conjugation of verbs of model 9. NEWS (PLACE) ………………………………………… table. 28

MODELS OF VERBS WITH INFINITIVE FORM IN –CH

Conjugation of verbs model 10. CAN …………………….…………………………………..table. 29

VERBS I CONJUGATIONS WITH DIFFERENT FEATURES

Conjugation of verbs like OPEN (SING) …………….………………………………… table. thirty

Conjugation of verbs like DRINK…………………………………….………………….table. 31

Compare verbs!(SING – DRINK) ………………………………….…………….………..p. 24

Conjugation of verbs START, TAKE, verbs ending in -NYAT: UNDERSTAND, TAKE,

HUG, LIFT, REMOVE, ACCEPT …………………………………………………..table. 32

Conjugation of the verbs TO BE, TO GO………………………………………………….………table. 33

Conjugation of verbs LAUGH (HOPE), WAIT, FIGHT…………………table. 34

Conjugation of the verbs LIVE, MISTAKE, DIE….……………………………………………………...table. 35

VERB MODELSIICONJUGATIONS

Conjugation of verbs model 1. SPEAK (LOVE) ….……………………….………..table. 36

Alternation of consonants in verbs II conjugations……………………………………table. 37

Conjugation of verbs of model 2. LOOK (SEE) …………………………….……… table. 38

Compare verbs!(KNOW – WATCH)………………………….….…………………..p. 28

Conjugation of verbs model 3. HEAR ………………………………………… table. 39

Compare verbs!(LISTEN – HEAR)…………………………………………..p. 29

VERBS WITH ENDINGS I and II CONJUGATIONS

Conjugation of the verbs WANT, RUN…………………………………………….………table. 40

VERB CONJUGATIONS GIVE, EAT

Conjugation of the verb to GIVE……………………………………………….….…………………table. 41

Conjugation of verbs IS (NSV) – EAT (SV) ………………………………………… table. 42

Compare verb patternsI and IIconjugations!……………………….….…………………table. 43

MODELS OF CONJUGATION OF VERBS NSV - SV

VERBS NSV - SV ONE CONJUGATION MODEL

NSV and SV are verbs of model I, 1. READ, I, 1a. BE ABLE (prefixes PRO-, FOR-,

PO-, S-, U-, NA-)……………………………………………………………………………….table. 44

NSV and SV – verbs of model I, 2. DRAW (prefixes NA-, PO-, O-, S-)………………..table. 45

NSV and SV – verbs of model I, 4. WRITE (prefixes NA-, S-, PO-, FOR-)………………..table. 46

NSV and SV – verbs of model I, 10. CAN (prefixes S-, IZ-)…………………………….table. 47

NSV and SV – verbs of type OPEN I (SING): table. 30 (prefixes YOU-, S-)…………...tab. 48

NSV and SV – verbs of type DRINK I: table. 31 (prefixes YOU-, S-)…….…………………...table. 49

NSV and SV – verbs of model II, 1. SPEAK (LOVE) (prefixes PO-, PR-,

UNDER-, FOR-, TIME-/RAS-, FROM-, YOU-, ON-, O-)…………………………………………………………………… table. 50

NSV and SV are verbs of model II, 2. LOOK (SEE) (prefixes U-, S-, PO-)……..table. 51

NSV and SV – verbs of model II, 3. HEAR (prefixes FOR-, ON-)………………………...table. 52

VERBS NSV - SV DIFFERENT CONJUGATION MODELS

(CALL), I, 8. CARRY, I, 9. NEWS (PLAY), I, 10. CAN……………………………………table. 58

(type OPEN: table 30, DRINK: table 31, BE: table 33, START, verbs ending in –

NYAT: table. 32……………………………………………………………………………….…….…… table. 59

NSV – model I, 1. READ, SV – model II, 1. SPEAK (LOVE) ………….……...table. 60

NSV – model II, 1. SPEAK (LOVE), SV – models I, 8. GO, CARRY, I, 9. LEAD……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………..table. 62

NSV – model I, 3. GIVE, SV – verbs like DAT, models I, 6. ARTICLE I, 1.

NSV and SV are verbs of I and II conjugations, having different stems………………..table. 64

VERB MODELS ONLY NSV I and II CONJUGATIONS

NSV verbs of II conjugation (models 1. SPEAK / LOVE, 2. SEE, 3. HEAR)……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… ………….table. 66

MODELS OF TWO VIDEO VERBS (NSV and SV) I and II CONJUGATIONS

Two-type verbs (models I, 2. DRAW, II, 1. SPEAK)………………………..table. 67

IMPERATIVE VERB

Forms of the imperative…………………………………………….……………………………table. 68

Ways to form the 2nd person singular and plural

imperative..………………………………………………………………………………… table. 69

Pay attention to the imperative form of some verbsIconjugations and

verbs ending in -SYA……………………………………………………………………………….…p. 45

MODELS OF CONJUGATION OF MOTION VERBS

Conjugation models for prefixless verbs of motion (GO – WALK,

RIDE - RIDE, RUN - RUN, CRAWL - CRAWL,

FLY - FLY, SWIM - FLOAT, CARRY - CARRY,

VESTI - DRIVE, VEZTI - CARRY)………………………………………………………...table. 70

Verbs of the group WALK - GO: NSV - model II, 1. SPEAK (LOVE),

SV – model I, 8. GO……………………………………………………….…………………………………. table 71

Verbs of the group RIDE - GO: NSV - model I, 1. READ, SV - verbs

type GO I: table. 33……………………………………………………….………………….………. table 72

Verbs of the group RUN - RUN, FLY - FLY, SWIM - SWIM:

II, 2. LOOK (SEE), verbs like LIVE I: table. 35.……….…………………..table. 73

Verbs of the group WEAR - CARRY, CARRY - DRIVE, DRIVE - LEAD:

NSV – model II, 1. SPEAK (LOVE), SV – model I, 8. CARRY (DRIVE),

I, 9. NEWS……………………………………………………………………………………….………..table. 74

HOW TO USE THE DICTIONARY ………………………………………………………...p. 50

CONTROL OF VERBS (VOCABULARY)…………………………………………………………………….…p. 51-65

CONTROLLING VERBS OF MOTION WITH PRESIDENTS, prefixes PO-,

B(o)-, YOU-, PR-, U-, UNDER(o)-, FROM(o)-, PERE-, PRO-, FOR-, ABOUT(o), -DO-)…………… …….. page 65

DICTIONARY (MOTION VERBS WITH PRESIDENTS)……………………………………p. 65-67

PART 1.

INFINITIVE VERB

The infinitive is the unchangeable (initial) form of the verb.

what to do?

Table 1. Infinitive suffixes.

(after vowels)	(after consonants)	(after vowels)
most verbs	few verbs	few verbs
chita t rice t mind t speak t	eid you nay you brought you advantage you	mo whose help whose le whose carried away whose

VERB BASICS

table 2.

The base of the infinitive and the base of the present (future simple) tense. Cases of coincidence and non-coincidence of fundamentals.

A verb has two stems from which verb forms are formed. 1. stem of the infinitive -t, -ti, -ch The stem of the infinitive is part of the word without the suffix -Тъ , -TI , -CH. READ ID HELP infinitive stem = past tense stem chita-th chita-l (-la, -lo, -li) speak-th speak-l (-la, -lo, -li) watching-th watching-l (-la, -lo, -li) infinitive stem =/= past tense stem used to itWell -th used to it(-la, -lo, -li) diedWell -th died(-la, -lo, -li)

2. basis of present (future simple) tense The basis of the present (future simple) tense is part of the word without ending 3rd person plural - /form THEY/. (They) CHITA- ut, WRITE-ut, SPEAK-yat, HEAR-at infinitive stem = basis of present tense read (they) chita-yut be able to (they) mind-yut infinitive stem =/= basis of present tense rice ova-th (they) rice-yut talk (they) talk-yat

CONJUGATION OF VERBS

In Russian, verbs of the present and future (simple) tense change in persons and numbers and have two types of endings, or two conjugations.

Table 3. 1st CONJUGATION OF VERBS (I).

I read- YU write- U id- U

you read- EAT write- EAT id- EAT he/she reads ET write- ET id- IT

we read- EAT write- EAT id- EAT

you read- ETE write- ETE id- ETE

they read UT write- UT id- UT

Remember the endings of verbsIconjugations! I the basis+ Yu (U) we the basis+ EAT (YOM) you ----- -______ + EAT (EAT) you _____ + EAT (EAT) he(a)_____ + ET (ЁТ) they ______+ YUT (UT) VERBS NSV – PRESENT TENSE VERBS ST – FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

Note!

1) - Yu, -Yut - after vowels: cheat A-yu(-yut), mind e-yu(-yut)

U, - Ut - after consonants: pi w-у (-ut), and d-у (-ut)

2) _________ -e sew ____________ - e sew

Yes ____________

I eat ___________

Here you go ____________ -you

(he) chitA no(they d IT

(stress on base) (stress on ending)

3) you ________ -e b(-yosh b) – after Ш is always written b.

Table 4. 2nd CONJUGATION OF VERBS (II).

speak stand learn

I'm talking- YU one hundred- YU learn U you talk- LOOK one hundred- LOOK learn LOOK he/she spoke IT one hundred- Yat learn IT

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Verb- a part of speech that denotes an action or state of an object and answers the questions: what to do? what to do?

Verbs are imperfect and perfect types, are divided into transitive and intransitive, and vary in mood.

The verb has initial form, which is called the indefinite form of the verb (or infinitive). It shows neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender.
The verbs in the sentence are predicates.
The infinitive form of a verb can be included in compound predicate, can be subject, object, modifier or adverbial.

Types of verbs

There are two types of verbs: perfect and imperfect. Verbsimperfect formanswer the question what to do?, and verbsperfect form- what to do?

Imperfect verbs do not indicate the completion of the action, its end or result (did, painted).

Perfect Verbs indicate the completion of an action, its end or result (done, painted).

When forming verbs of one type from verbs of another type, prefixes are used (sing, sing, sing along, sing along).
The formation of verb types can be accompanied by alternation of vowels and consonants in the root.

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Verbs that combine or can combine with a noun or pronoun in the accusative case without a preposition are calledtransitional.

Transitive verbs denote an action that transfers to another object (wash a window, shake hands).
A noun or pronoun with a transitive verb can be in the genitive case.
Verbs areintransitive, if the action does not directly transfer to another object (talking, walking).
Intransitive verbs include verbs with the suffix-sya (s)(smile, get angry).

Reflexive verbs

Verbs with suffix-sya (s) are calledreturnable (laugh, rejoice).
Some verbs can be reflexive or non-reflexive; others only reflexive (without suffix-xiathey are not used).

Verb mood

Verbs inindicative mooddenote actions that are happening or will actually happen (I am reading, I have read, I will read, I will read).
Verbs in the indicative mood change tenses.
In the indicative mood, imperfective verbs have three tenses: present, past and future, and perfective verbs have two tenses: past and future simple.

Verbs inconditional mood denote actions that are desirable or possible under certain conditions.

The conditional mood of a verb is formed from the stem indeterminate form verb using a suffix-l- and particles would (b)(I would have looked, I would have gone). This particle can appear after or before the verb, or can be separated from the verb by other words.

Verbs in the conditional mood change according to number, and in the singular - according to gender.

Verbs inimperative mood express an impulse to action, an order, a request (read, go, bring).

Verbs in the imperative mood are usually used in the form2nd person.
Verbs in the imperative mood do not change tenses.

Imperative forms are formed from the stem of the present or future simple tense using a suffix-And-or zero suffix. Verbs in the imperative mood in the singular have a zero ending, and in the plural --those.
Sometimes the particle is added to imperative verbs-ka, which somewhat softens the order (tell me, play).

Verb tenses

Verbs in present tense show that an action occurs at the moment of speech.
Verbs in the present tense can denote actions that are performed constantly, always.
Verbs in the present tense change according to persons and numbers.

Verbs in past tense show that the action took place before the moment of speech.
Verbs in the past tense form are formed from the indefinite form (infinitive) using a suffix -l-.

Verbs in not a certain form on -whose, -ti form past tense singular masculine forms without a suffix -l-(oven - bake, carry - carried, reach - reached).
Past tense verbs change according to number, and in the singular - according to gender. In the plural, verbs in the past tense do not change by person.

Verbs in future tense show that the action will take place after the moment of speech.

The future tense has two forms: simple and compound. The compound future tense of imperfective verbs is formed from the future tense of the verb to be and the indefinite form of the imperfective verb. The simple future tense is formed from perfective verbs, and the composite future tense is formed from imperfective verbs.

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Verb - extremely interesting part speech, reflecting all the diversity of actions, states, relationships that exist in our world.

Due to the variety of forms and grammatical features, the verb is quite difficult to learn. However, by carefully and thoughtfully studying the morphology of the verb, you will learn to solve the problems posed by this “tricky” part of speech.

A verb is a part of speech that denotes the action or state of an object.

In Russian, a verb can be any member of a sentence, although most often it acts as a predicate.

The verb has a number of grammatical features. Verbs are either perfective or imperfective, and can be transitive or intransitive. Verbs can be used in the indicative, conditional and imperative mood.

In the past tense, verbs change according to gender. In the indicative mood, verbs change according to tenses, that is, they can be present, future and past tense. Verbs are conjugated, that is, they change according to persons and numbers.

The verb answers the questions “What to do?”, “What to do?”, “What does it do?”, “What will it do?”, “What will it do?”, “What did it do?”, “What did it do?”

Verbs are an extremely numerous, varied, interesting grammatically group of words. About a third of the total vocabulary of our language is verbs. And this is not surprising, because verbs denote the entire range of possible actions, states, and relationships. sit, see, work, read, know, consist, intend - these are all verbs.


There are two verbal forms in the Russian language: participles and gerunds. These forms retain some features of the verb and. at the same time, they acquire the characteristics of another part of speech.

Participles ( coming, having seen enough, reading, sleeping, followed ) are similar to adjectives in some ways. Participles ( looking, sitting, eating ) – with adverbs.

There are two types of verbs: perfect and imperfect. The grammatical category of aspect reflects the nature of the action, its relationship to the result.

Perfective verbs answer the question “What to do?” They indicate an action that has completed ( read, come ), will start at a certain moment ( sing ), will happen simultaneously ( push, move ).

Imperfective verbs denote an action that is extended in time, long, repeated ( read, ride, sing ).

Perfective and imperfective verbs form aspectual pairs. These are words that are close or identical in lexical meaning and differing in appearance and composition of the word. For example:

Some species pairs differ only in accent:

Cut-cut, scatter-scatter

Or they have completely different roots:

Take, take, search, find.


There are also such “cunning” verbs in our language that are in the perfect and imperfect form sound and spell exactly the same. For example: order, execute, wound .

Verbs are conjugated, that is, they change according to persons and numbers. Conjugation is also the name given to the groups into which all Russian verbs are divided. Verbs belonging to the same conjugation are conjugated in the same way, that is, they have the same endings in a certain form. There are two conjugations – I and II.

Verbs first conjugation have the following personal endings:

1st person -y (s) | -eat

2nd person - eat | -yeah

3rd person -et | -ut(s)

Verbs second conjugation have other endings:

Singular | Plural

1st person -y (s) | -them

2nd person -ish | -ite

3rd person -it | -at(-yat)

If the accent is on the ending, it is not difficult to determine the conjugation and write the word correctly. But in most verbs other syllables are stressed, so you have to remember the rule for determining the conjugation.

The second conjugation includes:

All verbs in –it , except shave, lay ;

7 exception verbs -there are (look, see, offend, hate, depend, endure, twirl ) and 4 verbs –at (drive, hold, hear, breathe ).

All other verbs belong to the first conjugation.


There is a small group of differently conjugated verbs: want, run, honor, dream . These words are conjugated either according to the first or second conjugation in different forms.

Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.

There is a special category of verbs in the English language that does not follow generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are usually called “wrong”. Unlike “regular” verbs, which are appended with the ending –ed to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:

put – put – put;
drive – drove – driven.

If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second one has to be learned directly by memorization.

Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have concluded that these are some kind of “fossils” left in the language from ancient times. During its development English language took a large number of words from others European languages, but some words remained unchanged. It is this category that irregular verbs belong to.

Table of irregular English verbs:

VERB	PAST SIMPLE	PAST PARTICIPLE	TRANSLATION
abide [əbʌid]	abode [əbəud]	abode [əbəud]	endure, endure
arise [ə"raiz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə"riz(ə)n]	To arise, to happen
awake [ə"weik]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [ə"wəukən]	Wake up, wake up
be	was, were	been	Be
bear	bore	borne	carry, bear
beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	Beat
become	became	become	Become
begin	began	begun	Start off
hold	beheld	beheld	contemplate, see
bend	bent	bent	Bend
bereave		bereft/bereaved	Deprive, take away
beseech		bethought/beseeched	Beg, beg
beset	beset	beset	Surround
bet	bet	bet	argue
bid	bid / bade	bidden	Offer, order
bind	bound	bound	Bind
bite	bit	bitten	bite, peck
bleed	bled	bled	Bleed
blow	blew	blown	Blow
break	broke	broken ["brouk(e)n]	Break
breed	bred	bred	Breed, multiply
bring	brought	brought	Bring
browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t]	Intimidate, intimidate
build	built	built	Build
burn	burnt	burnt	burn
burst	burst	burst	Break out
bust	busted	busted	Go bankrupt, go broke
buy	bought	bought	Buy
cast	cast	cast	Throw, throw away
catch	caught	caught	Catch, grab, catch
choose	chose [ʃəuz]	chosen	Choose
cleave	cleft	cleft	Split, cut
cling	clung	clung	cling, hold on
clothe		clothed/clad	Dress
come	came	come	Come
cost	cost	cost	Cost
creep	crept	crept	Crawl
cut	cut	cut	Cut
deal	dealt	dealt	Deal with
dig	dug	dug	Dig
disprove	disproved	disproved/disproven	Refute
dive	dove	dived	Dive, submerge
do	did	done	Do
draw	drew	drawn	Draw, drag
dream	dream	dream	Dream, doze
drink	drank	drunk	Drink
drive	drove	driven ["drivn]	Drive
dwell		dwelt/dwelled	reside, inhabit
eat	ate	eaten ["i:tn]	Eat
fall	fell	fallen ["fɔ:lən]	Fall
feed	fed	fed	Feed
feel	felt	felt	Feel
fight	fought	fought	Fight
find	found	found	Find
fit	fit	fit	Fit to size
flee	fled	fled	Run away, disappear
fling	flung	flung	Throw, throw
fly	flew	flown	Fly
forbid	forbade	forbidden	Forbid
forgo (forego)	forewent	foregone	refuse, abstain
forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	Forecast
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	Anticipate, predict
foretell	foretold	foretold	Predict, foretell
forget	forgot	forgotten	Forget
forgive	forgave	forgiven	Forgive
forsake	forsook	forsaken	Leave, leave
freeze	froze	frozen ["frouzn]	Freeze
get	got	got	Receive
gild	gilt	gilt	Gild
give	gave	given	Giving
go	went	gone	Go
grind	ground	ground	Grind, grind
grow	grew	grown	Grow
hang	hung	hung	Hang
have	had	had	Have
hear	heard	heard	Hear
hide	hid	hidden ["hidn]	Hide
heave	heaved / hove	heaved / hove	Pull, push
hew	hewed	hewn/hewed/	chop down, cut down
hit	hit	hit	Hit the target
hide	hid	hidden	Hide, hide
hold	held	held	Hold
hurt	hurt	hurt	Hurt
inlay [ɪnˈleɪ]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	invest (money), inlay
input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	Enter, enter
interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv]	interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv]	interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n]	Weave
keep	kept	kept	Contain
kneel	knelt	knelt	Kneel
knit	knit	knit	Knit, darn
know	knew	known	Know
lay	laid	laid	Putting
lead	led	led	News
lean	leant	leant	Tilt
leap	leapt	leapt	Jump, gallop
learn	learn	learn	Learn
leave	left	left	Leave
lend	tape	tape	Occupy
let	let	let	Let
lie	lay	lain	Lie
light	lit	lit	illuminate
lose	lost	lost	Lose
make	made	made	Produce
mean	meant	meant	To mean
meet	met	met	Meet
mistake	mistook	mistaken	Make a mistake
mow	mowed	town	Mow, cut
overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm]	overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcome, overcome
pay	paid	paid	To pay
plead		declare / pled	Beg, beg
prove	proved	proven	Prove
put	put	put	Put
quit	quit	quit	Go out
read	read	read	Read
relay	relayed	relayed	Transmit, broadcast
rid	rid	rid	To deliver, to liberate
ride	rode	ridden ["ridn]	Ride a horse
ring	rank	rung	Ring
rise	rose	risen ["rizn]	Get up
run	ran	run	Run
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn	saw, saw
say	said	said	Speak
see	saw	seen	See
seek	sought	sought	Search
sell	sold	sold	Sell
send	sent	sent	Send
set	set	set	Put
sew	sewed	sewn	Sew
shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n]	Shake
shave [ʃeɪv]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]/ shaven [ʃeɪvən]	Shave, shave
shear [ʃɪə]	sheared [ʃɪəd]	sheared [ʃɪəd]/ shorn [ʃɔ:n]	Cut, cut
shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	Spill, lose
shine [ʃaɪn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	Shine, shine
shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	Shit
shoe [ʃu:]	shod [ʃɒd]	shod [ʃɒd]	Shoe, shoe
shoot [ʃu:t]	shot [ʃɒt]	shot [ʃɒt]	Shoot, take pictures
show [ʃəu]	showed [ʃəud]	shown [ʃəun]	Show
shrink [ʃriŋk]	shrank [ʃræŋk]	shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]	Reduce
shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	Close
sing	sang	sung	Sing
sink	sank, sunk	sunk	Drown
sit	sat	sat	Sit
slay	slew	slain	Kill, put to death
sleep	slept	slept	Sleep
slide	slide	slide	Slide
sling	slung	slung	Hang
slink		slunk/slinked	Slip away
slit	slit	slit	Cut, cut
smell	smelt	smelt	Smell, feel
smite	smote	smitten [ˈsmɪtn]	Hit, hit
sow	sowed	south	Sow
speak	spoke	spoken ["spouk(e)n]	Speak
speed	sped	sped	Hurry, rush
spell	spelled	spelled	To spell
spend	spent	spent	Spend
spill	spilt	spilt	Shed
spin	spun	spun	Twist, twirl
spit	spit/spat	spit/spat	Spit
split	split	split	Divide, break
spoiler	spoilt	spoilt	Spoil
spread	spread	spread	spread out
spring	sprang	sprung	Jump
stand	stood	stood	Stand
steal	stole	stolen ["stəulən]	Steal
stick	stuck	stuck	Stab
sting	stung	stung	Sting
stink	stank	stunk	Stink, smell
strew	strewed	strewn	To sprinkle
stride	strode	stridden	Step
strike	struck	struck/stricken	Strike, strike
string	strung	strung	string, hang
strive		strive / strive	Try, try
swear	swore	sworn	swear, swear
sweat		sweat / sweated	Sweat
sweep	swept	swept	Sweep
swell	swelled	swollen ["swoul(e)n]	Swell
swim	swam	swum	Swim
swing	swung	swung	Sway
take	took	taken ["teik(ə)n]	Take, take
teach	taught	taught	Learn
tear	tore	torn	Tear
tell	told	told	Tell
think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]	Think
throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]	Throw
thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	Stick it in, stick it in
thread	trod	trodden	Trample, crush
[ʌndəˈɡəʊ]	passed [ʌndə"wɛnt]	undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn]	experience, endure
understand [ʌndə"stænd]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	Understand
undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk]	undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk]	took [ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n]	undertake, commit
undo ["ʌn"du:]	undid ["ʌn"dɪd]	undone ["ʌn"dʌn]	Destroy, cancel
upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	Upset, upset
wake	woke up	woken ["wouk(e)n]	Wake up
wear	wore	worn	Wear
weave	wove / weaved	wove / weaved	Weave, weave
wed	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	Marry
weep	wept	wept	Cry
wet	wet	wet	Get wet
win	won	won	Win
wind	wound	wound	Wriggle
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	Remove, delete
withhold	withheld	withheld	Hold, hide
withstand	withstood	withstood	Withstand, resist
wring	wrung	wrung	Squeeze, twist
write	wrote	written ["ritn]	Write

Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:

Top 100 irregular verbs in English.

In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in the English language (top 100, compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voiceovers, etc. The most commonly used irregular verbs come first, then the least used.

Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.

British version irregular verbs in English. The author gives you the opportunity to repeat after him and thus hone correct pronunciation irregular verbs.

Learning irregular English verbs using rap.

An interesting video for learning English irregular verbs superimposed on rap.

Examples of using irregular verbs:

1. I could swim when I was five.	1. I knew how to swim when I was five years old.
2.Peter became an entrepreneur by chance.	2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident.
3. He took another day off.	3. He took another day off.
4. They had two cats and a dog.	4. They had two cats and one dog.
5. We did lots of work yesterday.	5. We did great job yesterday.
6.Jane ate the last piece of cake.	6. Jane ate the last piece of pie.
7. He got another chance to gain her heart.	7. He got another chance to win her heart.
8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son.	8. I gave my old bicycle to my neighbor's son.
9. We went shopping to the mall two days ago..	9. We went shopping in the nearest shopping center two days ago.
10. She made a rather delicious pasta.	10. She made quite tasty pasta.
11. Have you bought a new car?	11. Did you buy a new car?
12. We've driven all the way down to her house.	12. We drove all the way to her house.
13. She's grown so much since we last saw her.	13. She has grown so much since we last saw her.
14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle?	14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle?
15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood.	15. You don’t need to repeat it twice, since everything is understood.
16. Their dog has bitten my sister today.	16. Their dog bit my sister today.
17.Have you chosen your future profession?	17. Have you chosen your future profession?
18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths.	18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths.
19. I've hidden a folder and now I can"t find it.	19. I hid the folder and now I can’t find it.
20. It was thought to be necessary for him.	20. Everyone thought that this would benefit him.

Anyone who has ever sat down to read an English textbook knows about such a phenomenon as a list of irregular English verbs. What is this list? It contains verbs that deviate from the standard rules for forming past tense and participle forms. It is believed that about seventy percent of the words are used in everyday speech. irregular verbs (English name term).

From this we can conclude that knowing the list of irregular verbs in English is simply necessary if you want to speak fluently and understand your interlocutor.

The total number of irregular verbs is about 470 words. Is it possible to learn such a volume? Of course, this is quite possible. However, in order for you to feel confident when speaking English, you just need to know 180 verbs.

Before turning directly to the list itself, we will give some tips on how to quickly and efficiently achieve the desired knowledge.

Rote learning

The technique of rote memorization of information is one of the most common techniques. But how effective is it?

When memorizing, we often notice that a large number of words are quickly forgotten, and some completely refuse to settle in our long-term memory. In order for this technique to show its best side, it is necessary to use the learned verbs in practice as often as possible. By the way, subsequent listening to them in some movie, program or just a song helps a lot.

Be sure to have a list of irregular English verbs with translation.

First, you will have to become well acquainted with the meaning of each new word. Typically, all irregular verbs tables include a translation column, so you don't have to worry about spending hours working with the dictionary on your own. Once the correct associations with your native language are in your head, you can calmly move on to the forms being formed.

Irregular Verbs in Poems

Don't worry - you're not the only student trying to master the full list of English irregular verbs, and there is someone to share your hardships. And some craftsmen even try to help somehow.

On the Internet you can easily find all kinds of poems created specifically for such purposes. They contain a number of the most common verbs, skillfully integrated into the overall rhyme and tone of the work. There are also a lot of funny associations, so remember necessary information it will be even easier.

using irregular verbs

Games can be played not only by children, but also by adults. And when it comes to teaching a foreign language, then games are one of the most effective ways memorization. You can also find ready-made options on the Internet. Usually these are flash cards, various animations or mini-games, accompanied by sound examples. If you don’t really want to play on the computer, you can easily do something with your own hands, for example the same cards. If you have an English learning partner, then analogue word games or creating dialogues consisting of irregular verbs would be appropriate.

Meet Irregular Verbs

Having talked a little about the methods of memorization, we move on to the most important thing. So, we present to you a list of irregular English verbs with translation.

Verbs in alphabetical order (a, b, c, d)

Verbs starting with a:

abide - abode - abided - abide, hold on;

arise - arose - arisen - rise, arise;

awake - awoke - awake; awoke - to wake up, wake up.

Starting with the letter b:

backbite - backbitten - backbitten - to slander;

backslide - backslid - backslid - fall away;

be - was (were) - been - to be, to be;

bear - bore - born - bear, be born;

beat - beat - beaten - to beat;

become - became - become - become, become;

befall - befell - befallen - happen;

beget - begot (begat) - begotten - generate;

begin - began - begun - to begin;

begird - begirt - begirt - to encircle;

behold - beheld - beheld - to mature;

bend - bent - bended - bend;

bereave - bereft (bereaved) - bereft (bereaved) - deprive;

beseech - besought (beseeched) - b-esought (beseeched) - beg, beg;

beset - beset - beset - to besiege;

bespeak - bespoke - bespoken - to order;

bespit - bespat - bespat - to spit;

bestride - bestrode - bestridden - sit down, sit astride;

bet - bet (betted) - bet (betted) - bet;

betake - betook - betaken - to be accepted, sent;

bid - bad (bade) - bid (bidden) - command, ask;

bind - bound - bound - bind;

bite - bit - bit (bitten) - bite;

bleed - bled - bled - to bleed;

bless - blessed - blessed (blest) - to bless;

blow - blew - blown (blowed) - blow;

break - broken - broken - (c) to break;

breed - bred - bred - to grow;

bring - brought - brought - bring;

broadcast - broadcast - broadcast - distribute, scatter;

browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten - to scare;

build - built - built - to build;

burn - burnt (burned) - burnt (burned) - burn, burn;

burst - burst - burst - burst, explode;

bust - bust (busted) - bust (busted) - split (someone);

buy - bought - bought - to buy.

Verbs starting with:

can - could - could - be able to, be able;

catch - caught - caught - to catch, to catch;

choose - chose - chosen - choose;

cleave - clove (cleft, cleaved) - cloven (cleft, cleaved) - cut;

cling - clung - clung - cling, cling;

come - came - come - to come;

cost - cost - cost - cost;

creep - crept - crept - crawl;

cut - cut - cut - cut.

Verbs starting with d:

dare - durst (dared) - dared - dare;

deal - dealt - dealt - to deal;

dig - dug - dug - dig;

dive - dived (dove) - dived - dive, plunge;

do - did - done - do;

draw - drew - drawn - draw, drag;

dream - dreamt (dreamed) - dreamt (dreamed) - sleep, dream;

drink - drank - drunk - to drink,

drive - drove - driven - to drive, drive;

dwell - dwelt - dwelt - to dwell, to linger.

Continuation of the alphabet (e, g, f, h)

Verbs starting with e:

eat - ate - eaten - eat, eat.

Verbs starting with f:

fall - fell - fallen - fall;

feed - fed - fed - to feed;

feel - felt - felt - to feel;

fight - fought - fought - to fight;

find - found - found - to find;

flee - fled - fled - to run away, to escape;

floodlight - floodlighted (floodlit) - floodlighted (floodlit) - shine with a spotlight;

fly - flew - flown - fly;

forbear - forbore - forborne - to refrain;

forbid - forbad (forbade) - forbidden - prohibit;

forecast - forecast (forecasted) - forecast (forecasted) - predict;

foresee - foresaw - foreseen - to foresee;

forget - forgot - forgotten - to forget;

forgive - forgave - forgiven - forgive;

forsake - forsook - forsaken - to leave;

forswear - forswore - forsworn - to renounce;

freeze - froze - frozen - freeze, freeze.

Verbs starting with g:

gainsay - gainsaid - gainsaid - deny, contradict;

get - got - got - get;

gird - girded (girt) - girded (girt) - girdle;

give - gave - given - give;

go - went - gone - go, leave;

grave - graved - graved (graven) - engrave;

grind - ground - ground - sharpen, grind;

grow - grown - grown - to grow.

Verbs starting with h:

hang - hung (hanged) - hung (hanged) - hang;

have - had - had - to have;

hear - heard - heard - hear;

hew - hewed - hewed; hewn - chop, hew;

hide - hid - hidden - hide;

hit - hit - hit - hit, hit;

hold - held - held - to hold;

hurt - hurt - hurt - to cause pain, to offend.

Second part of the alphabet

Verbs starting with i:

inlay - inlaid - inlaid - to put in, to lay out;

input - input (inputted) - input (inputted) - enter;

inset - inset - inset - insert, invest;

interweave - interwove - interwoven - to weave, cover with a pattern.

Verbs starting with k:

keep - kept - kept - keep;

ken - kenned (kent) - kenned - to know, to recognize by sight;

kneel - knelt (kneeled) - knelt (kneeled) - kneel;

knit - knit (knitted) - knit (knitted) - knit;

know - knew - known - to know.

Verbs starting with l:

lade - laded - laded (laden) - to load;

lay - laid - laid - put, put;

lead - led - led - to lead;

lean - leant (leaned) - leant (leaned) - lean, lean;

leap - leapt (leaped) - leapt (leaped) - jump;

learn - learnt (learned) - learnt (learned) - teach;

leave - left - left - throw;

lend - lent - lent - lend;

let - let - let - let go, give;

lie - lay - lain - lie down;

light - lit (lighted) - lit (lighted) - illuminate;

lose - lost - lost - to lose.

Verbs starting with m:

make - made - made - create;

may - might - might - be able, have the opportunity;

mean - meant - meant - have meaning;

meet - met - met - to meet;

miscast - miscast - miscast - incorrectly distribute roles;

mishear - misheard - misheard - mishear;

mishit - mishit - mishit - miss;

mislay - mislaid - mislaid - put in another place;

mislead - misled - misled - to confuse;

misread - misread - misread - misinterpret;

misspell - misspelt (misspeled) - misspelt (misspeled) - write with errors;

misspend - misspent - misspent - save;

misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood - misunderstand;

mow - mowed - mown (mowed) - mow (lawn).

Verbs starting with r:

rid - rid (ridded) - rid (ridded) - get rid of;

ride - rode - ridden - ride on horseback;

ring - rang - rung - call;

rise - rose - risen - rise;

run - ran - run - run, flow.

Verbs starting with s:

saw - sawed - sawn (sawed) - sawing;

say - said - said - to speak, to say;

see - saw - seen - to see;

seek - sought - sought - to search;

sell - sold - sold - trade;

send - sent - sent - send;

set - set - set - install;

shake - shook - shaken - shake;

shave - shaved - shaved (shaven) - shave;

shed - shed - shed - to spill;

shine - shone (shined) - shone (shined) - shine, shine;

shoot - shot - shot - shoot, shoot;

show - showed - shown (showed) - show;

shut - shut - shut - slam;

sing - sang - sung - sing;

sink - sank - sunk - to sink, sink, sink;

sit - sat - sat - sit;

sleep - slept - slept - sleep;

slide - slide - slide - slide;

slit - slit - slit - to tear, cut;

smell - smelt (smelled) - smelt (smelled) - smell, smell;

speak - spoke - spoken - carry on a conversation;

speed - sped (speeded) - sped (speeded) - accelerate, hurry;

spell - spelled (spelled) - spell (spelled) - write or read, pronouncing each letter;

spend - spent - spent - spend;

spill - spilt (spilled) - spilt (spilled) - to spill;

spin - spun (span) - spun - spin;

spit - spat (spit) - spat (spit) - don't care;

split - split - split - split;

spoil - spoilt (spoiled) - spoilt (spoiled) - spoil;

spotlight - spotlit (spotlighted) - spotlit (spotlighted) - illuminate;

spread - spread - spread - spread;

stand - stood - stood - stand;

steal - stole - stolen - to steal;

stick - stuck - stuck - to prick, glue;

sting - stung - stung - sting;

stink - stank; stunk - stunk - smell unpleasant;

strike - struck - struck - to strike, beat, go on strike;

swear - swore - sworn - to swear, take an oath;

swell - swelled - swollen (swelled) - to swell;

swim - swam - swum - to swim;

swing - swung - swung - swing.

Verbs starting with t:

take - took - taken - take, take;

teach - taught - taught - learn;

tear - tore - torn - tear;

tell - told - told - tell, say;

think - thought - thought - think;

throw - thrown - thrown - throw.

Verbs starting with w:

wake - woke (waked) - woken (waked) - wake up, wake up;

wear - wore - worn - wear (clothes);

weave - wove (weaved) - woven (weaved) - weave;

wed - wed (wedded) - wed (wedded) - to give in marriage;

weep - wept - wept - cry;

wet - wet (wetted) - wet (wetted) - wet, moisturize;

win - won - won - win;

wind - wound - wound - wind up (mechanism);

write - wrote - written - to write.

We hope that after reading the article, the English language has become a little clearer for you.