Pierre Beaumarchais- famous French playwright, publicist - was born in 1732, on January 24, in the family of a Parisian watchmaker with the surname Caron. His father taught him his craft, and at the same time young Pierre studied music, achieving certain success in this field. He knew how to play the harp well, had the gift of eloquence, and was a witty and sociable young man.
Thanks to these qualities, doors opened for him in high society, he received a minor position at court, where he did not fail to acquire useful contacts. He managed to win the trust of millionaire Duvernay and even turn into his junior business partner. There were two fleeting marriages in his life, and both times his soul mates were rich widows. All these circumstances helped Caron acquire a substantial fortune, from just Caron turn into Pierre Caron de Beaumarchais (that was the name of his first wife’s estate) and thereby open a new milestone in his biography.
Beaumarchais demonstrated amazing activity and sociability in Spain, where he went in 1764 to protect his sister, dishonored by a local writer. Even in a foreign country he managed to find mutual language with high society, the king himself treated him favorably.
In 1767, Beaumarchais (who had returned to Paris by this time) made his debut as a playwright. He wrote the play Eugénie, which enjoyed little success; his second drama, Two Friends (1770), was received coldly by the public. In the same year, the banker who patronized him died, and his heirs forced Beaumarchais to get involved in a lengthy legal battle, in a confrontation with representatives of the law. He participated in them with with varying success, but, using not only resourcefulness, but also a literary gift, he managed to cause a loud resonance, win the public to his side, restore himself to rights, exposing the shortcomings of the judicial system in the famous four pamphlets called “Memoirs” (1774). Voltaire himself spoke extremely flatteringly about them, claiming that he had never read anything more interesting. In 1778, “Continuation of the Memoirs” was written, with the help of which he managed to win the case against Duvernay’s heirs.
Writing two more comedies, The Barber of Seville (1775) and The Marriage of Figaro (1784), helped him gain the status of the nation's favorite writer. The plays went through a huge number of productions, the success of which was also explained by the presence of well-readable revolutionary motives.
The American War of Independence made Beaumarchais even more wealthy man: he was engaged in the supply of weapons and ammunition to America. In 1781 he again found himself an active participant trial and this time he represented the interests of a certain Madame Cornman, accused of adultery. The win was simply brilliant, but the public sympathized with him much less this time. They re-released Memoirs, but the previous stunning success turned out to be unattainable. In 1787, the opera based on his libretto somewhat damaged his reputation as a writer; the republic also greeted the next comedy staged in 1792 with great lukewarmness.
At the end of his life, Beaumarchais also suffered material losses. He published the collected works of Voltaire, spending a lot of money on the publication, but it left much to be desired. best quality led to commercial collapse. In 1792, he failed to fulfill his obligation to supply 60 thousand weapons to America, and therefore had to flee to London, and later to Hamburg. Only in 1796 did he return to France and made an attempt to restore his reputation by writing another essay, but it failed to cope with the mission entrusted to him. On May 18, 1799, the famous playwright died.
Biography from Wikipedia
Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais born January 24, 1732 in Paris. The son of watchmaker André Charles Caron (1698-1775), he initially followed in his father's footsteps, but at the same time zealously studied music. Musical talents and oratory gave the young Caron access to high society, where he acquired great connections, which were very useful to him later. He even managed to get to the court of Louis XV, whose daughters he taught to play the harp. Thanks to two profitable marriages (both times he married rich widows - Franko and Leveque - and both times he was soon widowed), as well as cooperation with the banker Duverney, he became the owner of a significant fortune. After his first marriage, Caron adopted the more aristocratic-sounding surname “de Beaumarchais,” after the name of his wife’s estate. The death of his first wife gave rise to ill-wishers accusing him of her murder. These rumors, many decades later, were reflected in Pushkin’s play “Mozart and Salieri” (“Is it true, Salieri // that Beaumarchais poisoned someone?”), and in Salieri’s answer to this question: “he was too funny // for such a craft “- Pushkin quotes Voltaire’s original words about Beaumarchais on this matter. In reality, such accusations are extremely unlikely, since the death of his wife was very disadvantageous for the future playwright, who was left with a huge number of unpaid debts; He was able to return them only much later with the help of his friend Duvernay.
1760-1780
In 1764, he went on family business to Madrid to defend the honor of his sister, deceived by her fiancé, the Spanish writer José Clavijo y Fajardo. In Spain, Beaumarchais showed amazing energy, intelligence and the ability to establish and use connections: alone in a foreign country, he managed to penetrate to the ministers, and then to the court, the king liked him and achieved the removal of his opponent from the court and deprivation of his position. Returning to Paris, Beaumarchais made his debut in 1767 with the play Eugénie, which had some success. In 1770 he released the drama Les deux amis (Two Friends), which was not successful. In the same year, his companion and patron Duvernay died; his heirs not only refused to pay Beaumarchais's debt, but accused the latter of deception.
Beaumarchais began a lawsuit with Duvernay's heir, the Count of Blaque, and then he had the opportunity to show off his amazing resourcefulness, as well as his literary and oratorical talent. In the first instance, Beaumarchais won the case, but in the second he lost. According to the custom of that time, before the examination of his case, he visited his judges and presented gifts to the wife of the speaker in his case, Mrs. Gezman. When the matter was decided not in Beaumarchais's favor, Madame Guezman returned the gifts to him, with the exception of 15 louis. Beaumarchais used this as a reason to bring a case against his judges. The judge, in turn, accused him of libel. Then Beaumarchais released his “Mémoires” (“Memoirs”), where he mercilessly denounced court orders then France. Written with great skill (by the way, Voltaire was delighted with them), the Memoirs were a resounding success and favored Beaumarchais public opinion. On February 26, 1774, the trial ended: Judge Gezman lost his position, and Mrs. Gezman and Beaumarchais received a “great reprimand.” But in 1776, Beaumarchais was restored to his rights, and in 1778 he won (with the help of “Suite de mémoires” - “Continuation of Memoirs”) the case with Duvernet’s heirs.
During the Revolutionary War American colonies Beaumarchais, through the specially created company Rodrigo Gortales and Co., supplies American rebels with weapons and ammunition. On Sept. 1777 Beaumarchais makes deliveries worth 5 million livres, which were never reimbursed American government. The latter discussed the problem of debt more than once, and only by the middle of the 19th century. Beaumarchais's heirs received a certain amount that was significantly less than what was due, even without taking into account interest.
"The Barber of Seville", "The Marriage of Figaro" and "Tarare"
Beaumarchais's popularity grew even more with the appearance of his comedies The Barber of Seville (1775) and The Marriage of Figaro (1784), which made him the most beloved writer in France at that time. In both plays, Beaumarchais is the herald of the revolution, and the ovation that he received after the performances proved that the people were very aware of this. “The Marriage of Figaro” went through 100 performances in a row, and it was not without reason that Napoleon spoke of it: “...It was already a revolution in action” //...La revolution en action.
Almost simultaneously with The Marriage of Figaro, in 1784, Beaumarchais wrote an opera libretto called Tarar, originally intended for K. V. Gluck. However, Gluck could no longer work, and Beaumarchais offered the libretto to his follower Antonio Salieri, whose opera “The Danaids” was performed with great success in Paris. The exceptional success of Salieri's "Tarara" also strengthened the fame of the playwright.
1780-1799
When the War of American Independence began, Beaumarchais became involved in military supplies to the States, making millions from it. In 1781, a certain Cornman started a lawsuit against his own wife, accusing her of infidelity (adultery was a criminal offense at that time). Beaumarchais represented the interests of Madame Cornman at the trial and brilliantly won the trial, despite the fact that the lawyer Bargass, who represented the interests of her husband, was a very strong opponent. However, this time the sympathy of the public was predominantly not on the side of Beaumarchais.
He again released Memoirs, but without the same success, and the comedy La mère coupable (1792), which completed the Figaro trilogy, met with a very cold reception.
The luxurious edition of Voltaire's works, very poorly executed, despite the enormous funds spent on it (Beaumarchais even set up a special printing house for this edition in Calais), brought Beaumarchais almost a million in losses. He also lost significant sums in 1792, taking upon himself an unfulfilled obligation to supply 60,000 guns French army. He escaped punishment only by fleeing to London, and then to Hamburg, from where he returned only in 1796. In connection with this case, Beaumarchais tried to justify himself in “Mes six époques,” a suicide essay, which, however, did not return him the sympathy of the public . He died on May 18, 1799.
Bibliography
Collected works of his were published by: Beauquier, “Thêatre de V.”, with notes (Par., 1872, 2 vols.), Molan (Par., 1874), Fournier (“Oeuvres compl è tes”, Par., 1875). His memoirs were published by S. Boeuf (Par., 1858, 5 vols.).
- 1765-1775 - Le Sacristain, interlude (predecessor to The Barber of Seville)
- 1767 - “Eugenia” ( Eugenie), drama
- 1767 - L'Essai sur le genre dramatique sérieux.
- 1770 - “Two Friends” ( Les Deux amis ou le Négociant de Lyon), drama
- 1773 - “The Barber of Seville” ( Le Barbier de Séville ou la Précaution inutile), comedy
- 1773-1774 - Memoirs ( Memoires contre Goezman)
- 1775 - “A modest letter about the failure and criticism of The Barber of Seville” ( La Lettre modérée sur la chute et la critique du “Barbier de Sérville”)
- 1778 - “Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro” (La Folle journée ou Le Mariage de Figaro), comedy
- 1784 - Preface du mariage de Figaro
- 1787 - “Tarar” ( Tarare), drama, libretto for the opera by Antonio Salieri
- 1792 - “The Guilty Mother, or the Second Tartuffe” ( La Mère coupable ou L'Autre Tartuffe), drama, third part of the Figaro trilogy
- 1799 - Voltaire et Jesus-Christ.
Memory
One of the boulevards in Paris was named after Beaumarchais.
Biography
1780-1799
When the American War of Independence began, Beaumarchais became involved in military supplies to the States, making millions from it. In 1781, a certain Kornman started a lawsuit against his own wife, accusing her of infidelity (adultery at that time was a criminal offense). Beaumarchais represented the interests of Madame Cornman at the trial and brilliantly won the trial, despite the fact that the lawyer Bargass, who represented the interests of her husband, was a very strong opponent. However, this time the sympathy of the public was predominantly not on the side of Beaumarchais.
He released Memoirs again, but without the same success. In addition, the opera “Tarare” () shook his fame as a writer [ specify], and the comedy “La mère coupable” (), which completed the Figaro trilogy, met with a very cold reception.
The luxurious edition of Voltaire's works, very poorly executed, despite the enormous funds spent on it (Beaumarchais even set up a special printing house for this edition in Calais), brought Beaumarchais almost a million in losses. He also lost significant sums in, taking upon himself an unfulfilled obligation to supply 60,000 guns American army. He escaped punishment only by fleeing to London and then to Hamburg, from where he returned only in 1796. In connection with this case, Beaumarchais tried to justify himself in “Mes six époques,” a suicide essay, which, however, did not return him the sympathy of the public. He died on May 18, 1799.
Bibliography
Collected works of his were published by: Beauquier, “Thêatre de V.”, with notes (Par., 1872, 2 vols.), Molan (Par., 1874), Fournier (“Oeuvres compl è tes”, Par., 1875). His memoirs were published by S. Boeuf (Par., 1858, 5 vols.).
- 1765(?) - Le Sacristain, interlude (predecessor to The Barber of Seville)
- 1767 - “Eugenia” ( Eugenie), drama
- 1767 - L'Essai sur le genre dramatique sérieux.
- 1770 - “Two Friends” ( Les Deux amis ou le Négociant de Lyon), drama
- 1773 - “The Barber of Seville” ( Le Barbier de Séville ou la Précaution inutile), comedy
- 1773-1774 - Memoirs ( Memoires contre Goezman)
- 1775 - “A modest letter about the failure and criticism of The Barber of Seville” ( La Lettre modérée sur la chute et la critique du “Barbier de Sérville”)
- 1778 - “Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro” (La Folle journée ou Le Mariage de Figaro), comedy
- 1784 - Preface du mariage de Figaro
- 1787 - “Tarar” ( Tarare), drama, libretto for the opera by Antonio Salieri
- 1792 - “The Guilty Mother, or the Second Tartuffe” ( La Mère coupable ou L'Autre Tartuffe), drama, third part of the Figaro trilogy
- 1799 - Voltaire et Jesus-Christ.
Notes
Literature
- Grandel's Memories of Beaumarchais / Frederic Grendel BEAUMARCHAIS OU LA CALOMNIE FLAMMARION PARIS 1973; Translation from French by L. Zonina and L. Lungina; M., “Book”, 1985
- R. Zernova. Ch. “Pierre Augustin Beaumarchais” - from “Writers of France”, M. Publishing house “Prosveshchenie”, 1964.
- Salieri and Beaumarchais. Opera and revolution / Boris Kushner. In defense of Antonio Salieri
- Foxes in the vineyard. Lion Feuchtwanger. Historical novel.
Lyrics
- La Folle journée ou Le Mariage de Figaro (French) - original text 1785 edition
Links
The great Mockingbird, playwright and publicist, a cunning businessman who undoubtedly endowed the famous Figaro with his own character traits. All this is Pierre Augustin Beaumarchais.
Biography and work of Pierre Augustin Beaumarchais
He was born in 1732 in the French capital. My father was a watchmaker. Real name future Beaumarchais - Caron. The boy looked closely at this craft and even practiced it for some time. However, other talents also awakened in him, in particular for music. If not for musical talent and developed oratory- young Karon will not see secular society like his ears. And so - he knew how to please and make useful contacts.
Moreover, capricious fortune favored him so much that he even managed to get to the court of the French king, which he was then. The monarch's daughters wanted to learn to play the harp, and Caron came in very handy. Beaumarchais was married twice and both times - by convenience, to rich widows. In addition, they somehow surprisingly quickly passed away to another world, leaving their newly-made husband a significant fortune. So he became financially independent and could live without worrying about finding his daily bread.
By the way, Caron took the name “Beaumarchais” from his own name family estate, belonging to the first wife. It sounded more aristocratic. Beaumarchais more than once had to take part in various kinds litigation, where his oratorical gift and ability to persuade came in handy. However, victories alternated with failures.
One day, Beaumarchais took up the pen from which the book “Memoirs” came out, the title of which, however, is deceptive - it is not memoir, but thoroughly polemical, containing an indictment of the legal proceedings of the then France. The job was done - Beaumarchais turned public opinion in his favor. In between legal battles, Beaumarchais turned to drama. Here, too, not everything went smoothly; the path to resounding success had to be difficult and winding.
The first plays did not excite the audience. But “The Barber of Seville” and “The Marriage of Figaro” elevated Beaumarchais to the rank of national writer and the pride of France. He became one of the spiritual fathers of the future, along with J. J. Rousseau - already by denouncing class prejudices and daring to assert that the king is the most a common person, with weaknesses and passions. And Figaro himself, as a typical representative of the “third estate,” could not help but impress this estate itself - after all, very soon it would be the main striking force of the revolution.
Louis XVI tried to ban the production of the second play, but in vain. Beaumarchais himself repeatedly read both works in the aristocratic salons of Paris, which only increased their popularity. Composers were inspired - Rossini wrote the opera “The Barber of Seville”, and Mozart wrote his own, based on “The Marriage of Figaro”. Both plays went through more than a hundred performances, which were performed almost daily.
From a moral point of view, the episode with the supply of weapons to the United States of America in the War of Independence, which they led, does not look very clean from a moral point of view in Beaumarchais’s biography. But even here he was in his element - a businessman like his Figaro, who knows how to profit from everything that is more or less acceptable. However, Beaumarchais seriously damaged his reputation with his financial frauds.
The theater audience turned away from him. Beaumarchais undertook to publish Voltaire's works, but only at a loss. I had to flee from an unfulfilled obligation to supply rifles to the American army. Beaumarchais died in 1799, disappointing his contemporaries.
- Not finishing the game final scene from The Marriage of Figaro, the famous Soviet actor Andrei Mironov actually died right on stage. Already in an unconscious state, he continued to whisper the words of the role.
(1732-1799) French writer
Beaumarchais's life was as hectic and eventful as his comedies. True, the problems that occupied him were by no means comic: Beaumarchais went down in the history of French diplomacy as one of the most intelligent and far-sighted politicians of the 18th century.
The writer's biography will seem even more significant if we consider that he was born into an ordinary, by no means aristocratic family. His father was a famous watchmaker in Paris and owned a workshop where they not only repaired watches, but also made various precision instruments. Therefore it is not surprising that Pierre Augustin, the only son of ten children of a watchmaker, was to inherit the family business.
As was expected in the families of artisans, the future playwright received only elementary education. At the age of thirteen he began working in his father's workshop. Within a few years, Pierre not only became an excellent watchmaker, but also came up with a number of improvements to watch mechanisms. At twenty-one, Beaumarchais was granted a privilege for his inventions by French Academy Sci.
In addition to mechanics, Pierre was seriously interested in music, especially playing the harp. Thanks to his abilities, he managed to become the court watchmaker of King Louis XV. After successful implementation several royal orders Beaumarchais was presented to the king's daughters. He so charmed them with his playing of the harp and viol that the princesses and the queen began to take lessons from Beaumarchais.
Taking advantage of his position at court, Beaumarchais met the influential French financier Paris-Duvernay. He was the tax farmer general of France and, as a thank you for his services, he helped Beaumarchais buy two prestigious positions that were usually reserved only for aristocrats - royal secretary and keeper of the royal hunting grounds.
In 1756, at the age of twenty-four, Pierre married favorably to a wealthy widow and received rank of nobility. But the marriage turned out to be unhappy, and the couple soon separated. And ten months later, Beaumarchais’s wife suddenly died.
To enter into inheritance rights, he had to endure a long trial with my mother-in-law. It is curious that one of the intercessors in his case was Voltaire. However, having won the case, Beaumarchais and remained in the eyes of the courtiers as a craftsman and an upstart. The only thing that saved him from numerous ridicule was his enormous wealth, which allowed him to lend money.
Beaumarchais continued to enjoy the favor royal family, as well as the all-powerful Madame Pompadour. On behalf of his patron Paris-Duvernay, he made a business trip to Spain, from which he brought his first literary work- melodrama “Eugenie, or Unhappy Virtue.” It was staged at the court theater, but was not successful.
True, Beaumarchais was not disappointed and a few months later he wrote a second play - the romantic comedy “Two Friends”, which, however, was also not successful.
An unsuccessful debut in the literary field coincided with Beaumarchais's second marriage. This time he married a rich and beautiful widow. But after the wedding, he began a streak of misfortunes: his wife died during childbirth, and soon close friend Paris-Duvernay.
Having lost his influential patron, Beaumarchais immediately became the object of persecution by his debtors, Count Lablache was especially active. He refused to pay the debt and went to court, accusing Beaumarchais of fraud.
At that time, the playwright was preparing a production of his new comedy “The Barber of Seville.” She was supposed to perform on the stage of the country's leading theater, the Comédie Française.
The trial ended in favor of Count Lablache because the judge received large bribes. The playwright was sentenced to pay a fine. Because he refused to pay, he was sent to prison.
After being imprisoned for a month, Beaumarchais was released from prison and a few weeks later took revenge on his offender by releasing a book called “Memoirs.” In it, he not only made his story public, but also provided irrefutable evidence of the corruption of the judge who passed the sentence.
At first they tried to ban Beaumarchais's book, but it sold out so quickly that the king himself had to intervene. He ordered that all debts be returned to Beaumarchais, and also that he be sent to London as an adviser to the French ambassador.
He stayed in London for several months and was summoned to France by the new king, Louis XVI, who also needed his diplomatic dexterity and ingenuity. He simply knew how to conduct a conversation masterfully. Is this not the art of intrigue of his future works and their brilliant dialogues?
As a thank you, the king allowed the comedy “The Barber of Seville” to be staged. Despite the fact that the comedy failed at the first performance, Beaumarchais found a way out. He rewrote the text with lightning speed, removed lengthiness and removed some particularly transparent hints. The Barber of Seville, remade in this way, was an amazing success.
Beaumarchais becomes one of the most popular people in France. His Memoirs and the texts of his comedies were published and sold out in 1778 within a few days. It is noteworthy that Beaumarchais donated all his fees to charity.
At the end of the seventies, he also showed himself as a talented financier. It was thanks to him that a campaign was launched to pass a law on the protection of copyrights and rights to royalties for writers. Beaumarchais organized a joint-stock bank, its profits, in particular, were used to publish full meeting works of Voltaire.
In 1781, the writer presented another comedy - “Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro.” It was also accepted for production at the comedy theater, but was soon banned due to allusions to some influential courtiers. However, this increased the popularity of the comedy even more, and soon all of Paris was telling the jokes contained in its text.
Having learned about the ban on comedy, Empress Catherine II offered to stage the play in Russia. Only after this was it allowed to present the comedy on the stage of the court theater at the Château de Gennevilliers. The success of the premiere exceeded all expectations, and soon a performance took place on the stage of the Comedy Theater. The popularity of the play led to the fact that the king not only granted the playwright an honorary pension, but also ordered the comedy to be staged at Versailles. The role of Rosina was to be played by Queen Marie Antoinette.
Soon a revolution broke out in France. Beaumarchais greeted her victory and the establishment of the republic with the melodrama “Mad Mother, or the Second Tartuffe.” She completed the Figaro trilogy, but did not have great success. As a close associate of the king and an aristocrat (Beaumarchais had the title of count), he was persecuted after the revolution. His house was looted, his family was taken into custody, and the writer himself was expelled from the country.
Until 1796 he lived in Hamburg almost without means. Beaumarchais returned to France already seriously ill and died of a stroke two years later.
During his lifetime, his comedies caused a scandal almost every time and often failed. But he did not remain among the playwrights who sunk into oblivion. His comedies were not forgotten, and after Mozart and Rossini wrote operas based on their plot, they gained European fame. Replies and couplets from them turned into proverbs and songs, and the name Figaro itself became a household name.
CHRONOLOGY OF BEAUMARCHAI'S LIFE
Beaumarchais's life is a tight ball of many intertwined and sometimes tangled threads, it is not easy to perceive it in this form, so where I found it possible, I separated these threads, unwinding each of them separately. Since this method sometimes violated the strict sequence of facts, in order to restore it, I consider it necessary to end my book with a chronology of Beaumarchais’s life, which should make it easier to read.
1732 - Birth in Paris on the Rue Saint-Denis of Pierre Augustin Caron, the seventh child in the family of watchmaker Andre Caron, a Protestant who converted to Catholicism in 1721 and in 1722 married Louise Pichon, who bore him ten children.
1742 - Pierre Augustin Caron enters the Alfort College.
1745 - Pierre Augustin Caron returns to his father's watch workshop, where he learns the secrets of his profession. This year he met his first love.
1750 - For his unworthy behavior, his father kicks Pierre Augustin out of the house, his mother begs for his forgiveness.
1753 - Pierre Augustin comes up with a system of anchor escapement for watches, his invention is appropriated by the royal watchmaker Lepot. Controversy in the Mercure de France.
1754 - The Academy of Sciences sorts out the dispute and gives the palm to Pierre Augustin Caron. He is accepted as a member of the Royal London scientific society, he becomes a watchmaker and then a royal watchmaker.
1755 - Pierre Augustin leaves his craft as a watchmaker and buys from Pierre Franke the position of controller-clerk of the royal meal.
1756 - November 27- Pierre Augustin marries Pierre Franquet's widow, takes possession of her property under the marriage contract and adds the title to his name land plot, which belonged to his wife, which he writes as Beaumarchais.
1757 - September 30th - Madame de Beaumarchais dies of fever. Her relatives accuse Pierre Augustin of embezzling an inheritance and extorting a signature. He returns the inherited property to them, but retains the name of de Beaumarchais.
1758 - Death of Madame Caron, mother of Beaumarchais.
1759 - Beaumarchais becomes the music teacher of the princesses - the daughters of Louis XV.
1760 - Beaumarchais meets the banker Paris-Duvernay, uses his credit, provides services to princesses, and becomes his partner in financial affairs and lays the foundations of his own fortune.
1761 - 9th December - Beaumarchais buys the position of royal secretary and thus acquires a noble title.
1762 - Beaumarchais unsuccessfully seeks a higher position at court. Having failed to become one of the main foresters of the kingdom, he takes the position of senior bailiff of the Louvre Chasseurs and the Great Hunting Court and receives the honorary right to sit in the royal court on poaching cases; he would remain in this position for twenty-two years.
1763 - Beaumarchais has plans to marry Pauline Le Breton. Moving to house number 26 on Conde Street.
1764 - A trip to Madrid for Paris-Duvernay's commercial affairs, as well as to resolve the personal problem of his sister Lisette, compromised by the writer Clavijo, whom he discredits.
He fails to achieve the implementation of Paris-Duvernay's projects, including the project of obtaining a concession for the supply of black slaves to the Spanish colonies.
He puts his Madrid mistress Marquise de la Croix to bed Spanish king Charles III.
1765 - end of March- Return of Beaumarchais to Paris.
1766 - Breaking off engagement with Pauline Le Breton.
1768 - 11 April - Beaumarchais remarries, his wife is the rich widow Madame Levesque, whose maiden name was Genevieve Watbled.
Together with Paris-Duvernay, he creates a company to exploit the Chinon Forest.
1770 - 13th of January - Beaumarchais presented to the public his new play “Two Friends, or The Merchant of Lyon,” which failed miserably.
1771 - January - Reforming parliaments.
February 22 - First act of Lablache's trial; the court of first instance recognizes the count's claims as groundless. March 14th - Lablache is appealing.
1773 -January 3- “The Barber of Seville” has been accepted for production at the Comedy Française.
April 6- Guezman's report, because of which Beaumarchais loses the case brought by appeal Lablasha.
September- Publication of the first of four memoirs against Gozman.
1774 - January - The last memoir against Gozman.
End of February- Meeting with Maria Teresa de Villermavlaz.
March- Beaumarchais leaves for London as a secret agent. He comes into contact with Thévenot de Morand and buys from him a pamphlet directed against Madame DuBarry, entitled “Secret Notes of a Public Woman.”
June - October- A new trip to London on behalf of King Louis XVI to buy a pamphlet defaming Marie Antoinette.
The Angelucci case.
Beaumarchais in Vienna; meeting with Empress Maria Theresa.
Goethe publishes his play "Klavisch".
1775 - Contrary to Beaumarchais's wishes, Father Caron enters into a new marriage.
Louis XVI lifts the ban on the production of The Barber of Seville; February 23 the play is presented to the Parisian public in a five-act version, and it fails miserably; 25 February, after revision, it is performed on stage in four acts and is a stunning success.
May - Trip to London on the business of the Chevalier d'Eon.
Difficulties with d'Eon, culminating in the signing November 4 an agreement by which the gentleman recognized a change in his civil status.
First appeal to Louis XVI with a call to support the rebellious American states.
December - The verdict in favor of the Comte de Lablache is declared invalid, the case is sent for review to the Parliament of Provence, which morally rehabilitates Beaumarchais.
1776 - June 10th - Beaumarchais receives one million livres from Vergennes to supply weapons to the rebel Americans, which he begins to carry out through the Rodrigo Gortales trading house he created.
August 18- Beaumarchais's first letter to the American Congress. 6 September - Parliament makes a decision on the rehabilitation of Beaumarchais.
November - After the thirty-second performance of The Barber of Seville, Beaumarchais, who decided that the Comedy Francaise infringed on his copyright, demanded from the theater's shareholders a detailed report on the proceeds from the production of the play.
Start love affair with Madame de Godville.
3 July - Beaumarchais hosts a meeting at his home of authors writing for the Comédie Française, at which they establish the Section of Playwrights, the ancestor of the Society of Literary Men.
United States.
21 July - The Parliament of Provence renders a verdict in favor of Beaumarchais in his litigation with the Comte de Lablache.
1779 - January 15 - Beaumarchais received a letter from John Jay, in which he promised that America would repay his debts.
Beaumarchais bought Voltaire's manuscripts from the publisher Pankuk and created the “Literary and Typographical Society” in Kehl to publish them.
1780 - August, 26th - Resolution State Council on the issue of copyright.
1781 - September 29 - The Marriage of Figaro has been accepted for production at the Comédie Française.
1782 - Beaumarchais cedes his position as royal secretary to Thévenot de France.
1783 - Treaty of Versailles and stopping supplies of Beaumarchais to the Americans.
Publication of the first volumes of Voltaire's complete works.
Controversy with Mirabeau in the case of the Water Distribution Company.
Beaumarchais enters into a third marriage, he marries Maria Teresa de Villermavlaz, who was his mistress for ten years and bore him a daughter, Eugenie; after this marriage, Evgenia acquires the status of a legitimate child.
1787 - Appearance of Madame Hure de Lamarine.
Memoir of Bergas against Beaumarchais and in defense of the banker Cornman. War of pamphlets.
Acquisition of land next to the Bastille and the beginning of construction of a mansion.
July - Search of the Beaumarchais mansion, suspected of hiding weapons and food supplies.
1791 - Final move to a mansion on Boulevard Saint-Antoine.
July, 12 - The Kehl edition ends up in the motorcade transporting Voltaire's remains to the Pantheon.
1792 - 13th of January - The Decree on Literary Property was a success that crowned Beaumarchais' efforts.
April 3- Meeting with the Minister of War on the acquisition of 60 thousand Dutch rifles.
December - Beaumarchais's address to the Convention. He goes to London, where he is imprisoned for debt.
March - May - Beaumarchais returns to France, where, in response to the slander that has fallen upon him, he publishes a series of memoirs under common name“Six stages of the nine most painful months of my life.”
He again leaves on assignment abroad and ends up on the list of emigrants.
1794 - Madame de Beaumarchais, Eugenie and Julie are imprisoned.
Beaumarchais rushes between London, Amsterdam and Basel, trying to complete the purchase of guns.
1795 - Having found refuge in Hamburg, Beaumarchais ekes out a miserable existence there, becomes close to Talleyrand and Abbot Louis; later receives some funds from America.
The conclusion of Pierre Augustin's new marriage with Therese, from whom he was divorced due to his forced emigration.
1797 - Resumption of the production of "Criminal Mother".
1799 - At night With 17 to 18 May Beaumarchais died of apoplexy.
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