Vulcan experiments with children. Experiments and experiments (senior, preparatory group) on the topic: Experimental activity “Volcanic eruption

Abstract of GCD on experimental activities in middle group"Eruption"
Vasilkova Tatyana Leonidovna, children's teacher preschool age at the Oktyabrsky kindergarten, Kaluga region, Ferzikovsky district, Oktyabrsky village.
Purpose: to help educators, teachers of additional education, for conducting a lesson-experiment.
Integration educational areas: Cognitive development,
Social and communicative development,
Speech development,
Physical development,
Artistic and aesthetic development.
Types of children's activities: Cognitive-research, communicative, gaming, productive.
Location: room of the "Hares" group.
Participants: Children, teacher.
Target: Introduce children to this a natural phenomenon like volcano, its structure. To promote the accumulation of ideas about the world around us. Show children an experiment - a volcanic eruption.
Tasks:
-Create interest in the world around you;
- develop children's curiosity, cognitive activity in the process of performing experiments, communication skills, develop interest in experimental and research activities;
-expand and activate lexicon children based on emerging ideas about the world: lava, vent, volcano, ash, dormant volcano, active volcano.
-strengthen the health of children using health-saving technologies: dynamic pauses, finger gymnastics.
_create an emotional mood in the group for joint activities, form a friendly attitude towards each other in children.
Equipment: Tray, dummy volcano, vinegar, soda, gouache, detergent, illustrations of a volcano, sheets of paper, pencils, diagram of the experiment “Volcanic Eruptions”, toy “Luntik”, presentation on the topic: “Volcanoes”, folder “Young Researchers” ,safety signs.
Preliminary work: Reviewing books about the world around us, about volcanoes, watching cartoons about volcanoes (“Leonardo season 1, episode 10 “In the mouth of a volcano,” “Lava” from PIXAR full version in Russian, “Everyday life of the airport “Volcano Eruption””)
Methods and techniques:
Verbal methods: clarifications, polls, artistic expression, conversation, questions, expansions.
Practical methods: collaboration teacher and children, schemes for conducting experiments.
Literature:
1. Raviza F.V. " Simple experiments» M.1997
2. Ivanova A. I. “Children’s experimentation as a teaching method” Management of preschool educational institution No. 4 2004
3. Solovyova E. “How to organize children’s search activities” Preschool education No. 1 2005
4. Perelman Ya.I. " Entertaining tasks and experiences »Ekaterinburg

MoveDirectly educational activities.

Children enter the group.
The teacher invites everyone to stand in a circle and play.
The game is a greeting.
Our smart heads (hold your head with your hands),
They will think a lot, deftly (sway their heads to the right, left).
The ears will listen (take the ears with your hands),
Mouth speak clearly (speak these words clearly).
Hands will clap (hand clapping),
Feet will stomp (feet will stomp).
The backs are straightened,
Friend, smile at each other! (children smile at each other)
Educator: Guys, have you noticed that we have guests today?
Children: Yes!
Educator: Let’s first say hello to the guests, and then share our good mood and with our smiles. And let’s send our smiles with an air kiss! Well done!
Surprise moment. There's a puddle on the floor.
Educator: Oh, guys, what is this puddle on our floor?
The guys' assumptions. At this time, sobs are heard and the “Luntik” toy appears.
Educator: So you shed your tears here? What happened to you?
Luntik: My grandfather Shershulya wished me a very an interesting riddle, and I still can’t figure it out. So I’m upset. Maybe you can help me guess it?
Educator: Shall we help Luntik solve the riddle?
Children: Yes, of course! Make a wish!
Luntik asks a riddle.
I'm a black scary giant
What should I do? I decide for myself.
I can sleep, I can growl,
Spew out fire and ashes,
Well, try to guess
What should you call me?
Children: We know! It's a volcano!
Luntik: Guys, what a great fellow you are! What is this – a volcano?
Educator: Now I will tell you all and show you the legend about ancient god Vulcana. Listen and watch carefully (show presentation)
Slide No. 1.Once upon a time there lived a god named Vulcan. He liked blacksmithing: standing at the anvil, hitting iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire in the forge.
Slide No. 2 He built himself a forge inside a tall mountain. And the mountain stood right in the middle of the sea. When the volcano was active, the mountain trembled from top to bottom, and the roar and roar echoed far around. From the hole at the top of the mountain, hot stones, fire and ash flew with a deafening roar. “The volcano is working,” people said with fear and went to live away from the mountain, so that the fire would not burn their homes and cover their gardens and fields with ashes. They say since then, all fire-breathing mountains began to be called volcanoes
Slide number 3. Guys, what do you think a volcano looks like? Look at our volcano. (in the presentation and at the model of the volcano)
Children: On a triangle, a cone.
Educator: Correct! What does a volcano erupt?
Children: The volcano spews out hot lava, ash, and stones.
Slide number 4. Look at our volcano and tell me what the upper part of the volcano looks like? Maybe Luntik will tell us?
Luntik: The upper part looks like big hole, funnel.
Educator: That's right, well done and it's called a volcano crater.
Educator: That's right, a volcano looks like an ordinary mountain, but inside it there is a very hot liquid - magma.
Slide No. 5 The volcano is considered dormant while the magma lives in its home.
Slide No. 6. And if a volcano erupts magma, then it is an active volcano.
Guys, now let us tell you and show Luntik how a volcano erupts.
Dynamic pause.
Children squat with their arms up in the shape of a cone.
1. Volcanoes began to play
Emit lava from the vent (begin to rise on toes, arms up, stretch, shake hands, lower down).
2. The volcano is thundering! The volcano is chugging!
How menacing he looks now! (hands on the belt, raise them up, clench and unclench your fists, stomp your feet).
3. But then he began to get tired,
The fire in him began to fade (we slowly lower our arms with a squat).
4. Last time breathed fire (while sitting, exhale for a long time).
5. And fell asleep for decades! (hands under cheek, volcano falls asleep).
Educator: Guys, do you want to wake up the volcano yourself?
Children: Yes, very much!
Educator: Well then
They quickly stood up and smiled!
Higher, higher we reached!
Turn right, turn left! And we quickly run forward!
Educator: So we ran to the laboratory. In the laboratory we have everything ready to conduct experiments. Let's see how our volcano will erupt lava. But first, let's remember the rules of conduct in our laboratory.
Rules! (Safety signs are prepared in advance) Now I will put on special protective clothing (robe, cap, gloves).
Educator: Well done!
(Carrying out the experiment).
Educator: Luntik and you sit next to us. Let us take a close look at the diagram and do everything exactly as indicated in it! Let's put our “volcano” on the tray. Let's look at the diagram, what do we take first? That's right, 2 tablespoons of soda, pour them into a glass of water. Stir well! A large spoon of red paint, mix again. Add 1 spoon of washing liquid. Stir. Let's take a watering can and insert it into the mouth of our volcano. Do we get a crater? Well done, right! And now, pay attention, let's take all 2 steps back! I take very dangerous substance-vinegar, never touch it without an adult! Pour 1 spoon of vinegar and add it to our volcano! What do you observe?
Children: The volcano began to erupt.
Educator: What does it erupt with?
Children: Lava!
Educator: Well done! Now you and Luntik have learned what a volcano is and how it erupts! Now let’s go back to our chairs, I’ll tell you something more about volcanoes.
Slide No. 7 Guys, there are a lot of volcanoes in our country!
Slide No. 8 The largest volcano is located in Kamchatka, it is called Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Look at him! How huge he is!
Slide No. 9.Look how beautiful it is at night! A very mesmerizing sight! But we must not forget that it is also very dangerous!
Luntik: Thank you very much! To thank you, I am treating you to my favorite strawberry pies that my grandmother baked! Bon appetit! And I’ll run and tell all my friends about volcanoes! Goodbye!
Educator: Children, did you like our lesson? What did you like most? (Children's answers). Now let's draw how a volcano erupts! And the most interesting drawings put it in our folder “Young
researchers."

Presentation slides.
Slide No. 1

Slide No. 2

Slide No. 3

Slide No. 4

Slide No. 5

Slide No. 6

Slide number 7

Slide No. 8

Slide No. 9

Slide No. 10
Thanks friends!

A few more words about the volcano model itself. To make it, I took a glass bottle, made the desired shape using plasticine. I covered it with napkins using PVA glue. After the glue had dried, I painted it with gouache, and after the gouache had dried, I covered it with varnish.

How can a child talk about what a volcano is in an accessible and interesting way? You can, of course, arm yourself with books with cross-sectional pictures of a volcano and try to explain in words how magma is thrown out. Or you can make a volcano yourself at home. You will not only satisfy the curiosity of the young researcher, but also awaken interest in various sciences: geography, chemistry and geology.

Making a volcano at home is very easy. Simple products you can find at home and simple cleaning products can create beautiful effects. It is recommended to conduct similar experiments with children six or seven years old: at this age they will be better able to understand the essence of the action taking place. Although such a spectacular spectacle will be interesting for both children and adults.

Purpose of the experiment- to form in children elementary representation O natural phenomenon“volcano”, clearly show the interaction of alkali with acid (neutralization reaction).

Tasks:

• explain how volcanoes work and what danger they pose;
• tell what an acid-base environment is;
• arouse the child's interest in research;
• develop self-learning skills;
• Teach children about the existence of an acid-base environment.

Materials and tools:

• flask or bottle;
• cardboard for making a “mountain”;
• plasticine to give the volcano its shape;
• water;
• soda;
• lemon acid;
• orange or red food coloring or gouache;
• dishwashing liquid;
• container for mixing ingredients and spoon;
• stapler;
• Plastic container;
• small figures (different types of animals, trees, stones).

Progress of the experiment

1. Let's make a volcano.

First you need to find a suitable container. You can use either a flask or a small juice or yogurt bottle. To give the bottle the appearance of a mountain, we make a blank from cardboard. Cut out a circle and make one cut along the radius. Fold the circle into a cone and secure it firmly with a stapler. Cut off the top of the cone.

We insert our container inside the figure - we get the frame of a volcano. Using plasticine, you need to give the volcano a shape: coat the cardboard with plasticine, make a “crater”, masking the neck of the container.

We place the volcano blank in a plastic container (or in a basin). We create an environment using different types animals (dinosaurs, animals), trees, stones. We pour stones at the foot of the volcano, arrange trees, arrange animals.

2. Prepare 2 lava solutions

First solution: fill the container with 2/3 of water, add food coloring (or gouache), a few drops of dishwashing detergent (so that there is a lot of foam) and 5 tablespoons of soda.

Second solution: dilute citric acid (recommended ratio - 5 tablespoons to 1.5 cups of water).

3. Let's start the eruption

Mix the mixture thoroughly in the volcano container. Slowly pour the citric acid solution into the mouth.

Watch the magic happen: a dormant volcano awakens and turns into a fire-breathing mountain!

Experience result

Fiery red foam erupts from the crater of the volcano.

Volcanic eruption (no dye)

Scientific explanation

The volcano erupts as a result of the interaction of two substances - soda and citric acid. In chemistry, this process is called a neutralization reaction. Acid and alkali (soda) neutralize each other, releasing carbon dioxide. CO₂ foams the mixture poured into the crater and causes the mass to overflow over the edges of the crater. Dish soap makes the lava bubble more. We recommend conducting another experiment with a volcano, but this time with glowing lava.

Have you heard the joke that soda is a once-in-a-lifetime product? So, this is a joke for the lazy, because people, in tune with the times, have long been using such a miracle remedy not only for cooking, but for treatment, for entertainment and teaching children chemistry and physics. Did not know? Then try a soda volcano first; not only the children, but also all the adults in the household will be delighted.

How to make a volcano from soda

If you are ready to experiment, then it’s time to prepare supplies and work miracles.

Soda volcano - an interesting chemical experiment for kids

What will you need for the experiment?

So, to carry out the experiment you will definitely need soda, the volcano will only work with it, this is the basis of the experiment.

In addition to this component, stock up on the following:

• Vinegar or its acid (it is permissible to replace it with citric acid, but then in the form of an aqueous solution).
• Plasticine (ordinary plasticine for children will do). It can also be replaced with salted dough (but more on that later).
• Water (they say that carbonated water enhances the reaction, which means the experiment will be brighter).
• Plastic bottle (1 or 1.5 liters) of any shape.
• A palette of paints (any dye, gouache, even Easter paint will do).
• Foil (you can replace it with paper, but thick paper - it’s better to take cardboard).
• Double-sided tape.
• Jars or glasses.
• Stand for the volcano (can be a tray or an unnecessary lid from a plastic bucket).
• Detergent.
• Rubber gloves for work.
• Rags and water in case of injury - lava burn.

And, of course, it takes time and imagination, but such childhood experience can become the highlight of the matrix of memories in adult life.

Recipes for experiments: TOP 3

Video bonus: another version of the volcano

It’s worth trying several proven technologies, especially since such a toy will cost you pennies.

Preparing a volcano from salt dough: step-by-step instructions

The “origin” of such a volcano is from dough, which allows it to be made to “erupt” repeatedly when other recipes are only suitable for one show.

Step 1. Base. For this method, you will need an empty liter bottle of any drink. The only requirement: plastic. The container must be cut approximately in half. Then, using strips (foil or paper), strengthen the body of the volcano by wrapping it. They say that foil holds its shape better, which is a guarantee for reusable use.

Vinegar is the second most important component, without which the show will not take place.

Step 2. Fixation of the structure. Attach the base to the tray or plastic lid with the wide side down using double-sided tape.

Step 3. mountain slope. In the role of such natural component and our salt dough will appear. Just stick the base on top of the foil, dividing the dough into several parts for convenience.

Step 4. Filling the volcano. Through the neck, alternately place a tablespoon of sodium bicarbonate and detergent inside the structure (the brand does not matter).

Step 5. Volcanic eruption show. When you are ready for the spectacle, pour a glass of vinegar into the mouth. The reaction, as well as the delight of the kids, will not take long to arrive.

Is it possible to enhance such an enchanting focus? Difficult, but still real. Just cover the structure with different paints, and the lava can be made in the shade that you or your little ones like.

Worth paying attention! The dough can be replaced with plasticine. Used will also work.

Before modeling the volcano, divide the dough into parts - this will make it easier to form the base

Express method: colorful soda volcano

How to make a volcano from soda and vinegar, even if it’s a one-time thing, but instantly, without special purchases and modeling? It's very simple! Although such a show only works once, you will see a mega colorful and impressive in its scale volcano crater.

Take jars or glasses, different color paints, vinegar and soda - where would we be without it, and let's get started!

So, place the jars on the tray, you can start with one - for the purity of the experiment. Some people attach them with double-sided tape, but this measure is only necessary if you plan to move your volcanoes around the house.

Place the jars at some distance from each other so that they do not touch.

Pour vinegar into the container - approximately up to half the jar in volume. Then add paint, gouache or other dye that you find around the house. And finally, add a spoonful of soda, which will cause a neutralization reaction and, in fact, a volcanic eruption. Be prepared to run out of baking soda and vinegar in the house, because kids love this technology, it's fast and fun.

Experienced parents say that the ideal container for a volcano is a jar from baby food, check!

Long live lava: combine baking soda and citric acid

And finally, the third recipe, a kind of “golden mean”, will take more time than an express one, but much less than a reusable design. However, don’t get tired of experimenting, the kids will appreciate it, you’ll see for yourself!

Again, jars or glasses will come into play, which can also, if desired, be attached to a tray or other surface with sides using tape at some distance from each other. But then the technology is different.

Roll soda and gouache into balls, one per container. Of course, make them colorful, it will be more interesting! Choose bright shades.

Then fill the cups with water. Experienced experimenters say that the carbonated version will improve the reaction, but this does not required condition. Dissolve citric acid in water (a couple of soup spoons for each container).

Then throw a ball into each glass and admire the colorful lava.

By the way, when different shades The volcanoes on the tray are then mixed into a kaleidoscope of colors, and the next show called “rainbow” begins.

Whatever container you plan to use to revive the volcano, think about a lava stand

How it works

What makes it possible to achieve the volcanic effect? What is the secret of such an experiment?

Ordinary chemistry: soda is an alkali, vinegar is an acid, which, when combined, give a violent reaction, decomposing into carbon dioxide, salt and water. During this reaction, you will hear a hiss and notice abundant foam - why not a mini volcano?!

By the way, if you want the “eruption” to be longer and more violent, increase the dose of sodium bicarbonate.

Didn't work out for you? There are usually 2 reasons for this:

1. You added the sodium bicarbonate too slowly. To see where the failure was, just take 2 glasses of vinegar and pour soda into one gradually, and into the other - in one fell swoop. You will see with your own eyes that in the second case the “eruption” was more powerful and, therefore, more spectacular.
2. You mixed citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, forgetting about water, then, alas, there will be no “eruption” at all, the “work” can immediately be recorded under the heading “dead volcanoes”. For these two components to react, at least one of them must be in aqueous solution.

Worth paying attention! If you want more foam when spewing, always add a little liquid detergent into the solution (the brand doesn't matter).

Add some color to your experiment

Video: making colored volcanoes

Precautions when working with chemicals

The components for experimentation, as you already understood, are the usual “inhabitants” of the kitchen for us, familiar from a young age, however, this is not a reason to forget about safety precautions - so that the fun does not turn into an accident and children’s tears. Soda lava, although not real, can also be hazardous to health.

So, basic rules during the creation of volcanoes:

• Adults should instruct children that all experiments should take place with their participation (at least passively - if the child is ready to make an “eruption” himself, just watch if he is doing everything as it should, correct if necessary).
• It is recommended to carry out experiments wearing rubber gloves and, if possible, glasses.
• During the reaction, you should not come close to the vent, or stand directly above it, otherwise it may result in a burn, since the volcano sometimes produces quite caustic splashes that bounce far away.
• If an injury does occur, immediately wash the affected area of ​​skin with plenty of water.
• At the end of the show, do not forget to wipe everything thoroughly so as not to damage the furniture, objects, or even the skin later, when you put your hands on the table while eating.
• Do not throw used structures into the trash until all liquid has been drained into the sink. If you used glasses/jars, wash them thoroughly.
• Always hide all the ingredients so that children are not tempted to repeat the experiment on their own.

Add some color to your experiment
Sometimes the colored volcano balls turn out so beautiful that it’s a pity to dissolve them

Such simple rules will help you make fun memorable in a positive way, and not in a negative and dramatic way.

Soda is your ally, helping to entertain and develop children, unobtrusively introducing them to chemistry, which you cannot avoid studying at school.

Most likely, I won’t be mistaken if I say that the “Volcano” experiment made from soda and vinegar is one of the most spectacular and favorite experiences among kids. Children can repeat it endlessly. But I don’t want to do it using the same template every time. As it turned out, with the same ingredients - soda, vinegar (citric acid) and water - you can come up with quite a few variations of the well-known experiment. We'll tell you about them.

Required Ingredients

Just in case, let me remind you of the ingredients that will be needed to conduct the “Vulcan” experiment:

• soda,
• vinegar, acetic acid or citric acid,
• water.

Ingredient ratio:

• 100 ml water, 1 teaspoon vinegar, 1 teaspoon soda;
• 1 glass of water, 2 teaspoons of soda, 1 teaspoon of citric acid.

I often use citric acid, since it has no odor, and conducting experiments with it is much more comfortable and safer.

There are several secrets on how you can add variety to the reaction:

• To make the experience more vigorous, you can use sparkling water instead of water.
• To delay the onset of the reaction slightly, do not mix water and citric acid directly. Pre-dissolve citric acid or vinegar in water, and pre-wrap soda in paper napkin or paper towel.
• The reaction will be more effective if you add dye to the ingredients (you can use gouache, but dry food dyes for Easter eggs or liquid dyes for homemade soap are more suitable).
• For thicker and more stable foam, add a drop of detergent to the volcano.
• Also, the reaction will be more interesting if glitter or small sequins are added to the volcano mixture. The foam coming out of the volcano will also pull out the sequins. In the same way, lava coming out of a real volcano brings stones from deep within to the surface of the earth.

Although the Vulcan experience is the same ingredients each time, albeit in different containers, there is something to think about in each case. I have divided questions that you can ask your child or think about together into “Things to Think About” blocks.

Classic volcano - almost like a real one

The easiest option is to make a volcano from plasticine or salt dough. It is not at all necessary to use new plasticine; plasticine that was used previously, but has now turned into a gray mass, is quite suitable. We added sequin stars to the volcano you see in the photo below. To bring them to the surface, we had to awaken the volcano several times, each time increasing the amount of ingredients. In the end, everything turned out with 3 teaspoons of soda and 1.5 teaspoons of citric acid. And another tip: it’s better to pour the sequins last. And if you have them under the reagents, after adding water, quickly stir them in the crater of the volcano with a wooden stick.

Another option is a glass or plastic bottle with a tall, narrow neck (I prefer glass as it is more stable). It is very interesting to watch how the foam rises up the narrow neck from the inside, and then flows down the walls of the volcano.

Having carefully examined our kitchen, we noticed that the funnel was very similar to a volcano. Bottom part The funnels need to be covered in several layers with cling film. The top of the funnel can also be covered with a layer of foil. And to avoid surprises, it is better to place the funnel covered with film on a tray.

Something to think about. If you don't skimp on the ingredients and the reaction turns out to be violent, you'll end up with a spitting volcano. Discuss with your child why? What makes a volcano spit in a crater?

Answer. The neck of the funnel is narrow, carbon dioxide is released rapidly and into large quantities. In a hurry to leave the funnel, carbon dioxide takes water with it.

If you don’t have a funnel at hand, you can use the top from it instead. plastic bottle: cut off top part plastic bottle (the cut-off part can be 7-10 cm high), cover the bottom in several layers with cling film or foil. The volcano is ready - you can make the filling.

A volcano in a glass, or how to make water boil without heat

If you don’t want to sculpt a volcano, but you don’t have a funnel or a plastic bottle at hand, you can make a volcano in an ordinary glass or jar and play with it in an interesting way. For example, tell your child that you can make water boil without using an electric kettle or stove.

Dissolve 2 teaspoons of baking soda in 1 glass of water (the glass should not be filled to the top, otherwise your volcano will burst its banks). Pour 1 teaspoon of citric acid into a glass. The water in the glass will “boil” - it will begin to bubble. Invite your baby to touch the glass. Is he hot? Is the liquid in it hot?

Instead of soda water in this experiment, you can make a solution of vinegar or citric acid (for 0.5 liters of water - 2.5 teaspoons of citric acid or vinegar). Then you will not add citric acid or vinegar to the glass, but soda.

Things to think about 1. Now pour water into another glass and add 1 teaspoon of citric acid. Nothing will happen. Let the child express his guesses as to why this happens and what the magic of water is in the first glass.

Add 2 teaspoons of soda to the second glass, now the water will “boil” in this glass. Discuss with your child what is happening, what reaction makes the water “boil”.

Answer. When found in water, soda and citric acid interact. This releases carbon dioxide. Since gas is lighter than water, gas bubbles rise to the surface of the water. Here they burst, thereby causing the water to “boil”.

If, before putting a spoonful of citric acid into glasses of soda water and ordinary water, you pour a little liquid from each glass, you will have another way to show that the liquids in the glasses are different - add red tea to them. In a glass of regular water, the tea will become a little paler, and in a glass of soda water it will turn blue.

Something to think about 2. Mix baking soda and citric acid in a cup. Watch, is anything happening? Nothing.

Answer. To start a reaction between soda or citric acid, the presence of water must be present, or one of the components must be in the form of a solution.

Things to think about 3. Pour the same amount of citric acid solution into two glasses. Place the entire spoon in one glass, and carefully pour the soda from the spoon into another glass. In which glass will the volcano be more violent?

Answer. The volcano in the glass where you lowered the entire spoon with soda will be more violent, since in this case they meet, connect and react immediately larger number molecules.

You can also compare volcanic eruptions based on soda water and lemon water. Given the same amount of ingredients, which one will be more stormy?

Boiling Lake

What I especially like about this option: you can give your baby two teaspoons, a container of soda and citric acid, and give him the freedom to experiment for a while.

You will need: a bowl of water, citric acid, soda, 2 teaspoons and a larger spoon for stirring. Let the water in the bowl be a lake. Show your child that if you add a little soda and citric acid to the lake, the lake will boil. Repeat and let the baby try it himself. And I assure you: until the containers with soda and citric acid are empty, the baby will be busy, and you will have time to do some of your business.

Something to think about. Try stirring your lake with a spoon or a stick. Will the lake boil more or less?

Answer. A volcano that is disturbed erupts more strongly, because by mixing the water in the lake, we help the molecules of soda and citric acid meet faster.

Something to think about. Add citric acid and soda to the water not at the same time, but one after another. Let's start with citric acid, then add soda. The lake will boil and stop boiling. Add a little more soda - nothing happens. What should I add? Citric acid. Added. The lake is boiling again. It stopped. Add more citric acid. Nothing. What should I add? Soda. Added. The lake is boiling again, etc.

Answer. Only a certain amount of soda and citric acid can meet and react. If there is too much soda in the water, after the eruption ends, the excess will settle to the bottom. If there is too much citric acid in the water, the lake will eventually fall asleep too. To “wake up” the lake again, you need to add what is missing.

Rough River

We had a boiling lake. Why not create a boiling river? Ideal for this suitable for the purpose construction set “Fun slides” from Bauer or “Marbutopia”. This will be the river bed. If you don’t have such a constructor, you can cut lengthwise either a plastic or foam pipe. Let's set the bed of our river in a basin or bathtub.

Prepare a mixture of baking soda and citric acid (ratio 2:1) and a jug or bottle of water. You can add dye to a mixture of soda and citric acid or water. We pour this mixture into the bed of our river, then begin to pour water from above. The water moves down and the river begins to rage.

If you close the bathtub opening with a stopper in advance, you will get a colored lake below. Let it be blue, for example. Follow it with a red river and your lake will turn purple.

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

Bombs

Bombs are balls made of soda and citric acid that begin to bubble when dropped into water. Except

• 4 tablespoons of soda,
• 2 tablespoons citric acid

to make bombs you will need

• 1 teaspoon oil (sunflower or olive),
• water in a spray bottle.

You can add dry or liquid dye.

Mix the baking soda and citric acid well, add the oil and mix again. Flakes will appear. Try making bombs; if they don’t form well, lightly spray the mixture with water from a spray bottle. A reaction will begin, but it's not scary. The main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of water, otherwise it will go active reaction and your bombs will turn out to be self-exploding.

We make bombs with our hands. If you want to make large bombs, snowballs or transparent blanks for creating Christmas decorations.

Bombs made from soda and citric acid explode in ordinary water.

By the way, these bombs can also be used for playing in the bathroom. And if you add to the ingredients sea ​​salt and a little bit of your favorite essential oil, you can arrange a bath with bombs not only for your baby, but also for yourself.

You can make bombs simply from soda with the addition of oil or plain water. As you understand, such bombs will explode only in water to which citric acid or vinegar has been added.

Something to think about. Make bombs with your baby from soda with the addition of oil or plain water. Place two containers of water in front of the baby, add vinegar or citric acid to one of them in advance (for the cup we have, I added 2 tablespoons of vinegar or 2 teaspoons of citric acid).

Throw bombs into two containers at once. The bob will explode in only one of them. Ask your child why? You can ask the question differently. For example, like this: “Although the liquid in both cups looks the same, in fact, different liquids are poured into the cups: one contains water, the other contains a solution of citric acid. Can you determine what is in each cup without testing the water? The bombs will help you."

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By the way, do not rush to pour out the water into which you dropped the soda bomb. A soda solution will come in handy when washing dishes!

Ice volcanoes

Did you know that on one of the satellites of Saturn, on one of the satellites of Pluto and other objects solar system have ice volcanoes been found? (If you want to learn about ice volcanoes and much more, come with us to .) To see ice volcanoes, you don’t have to fly that far on a spaceship. Everything can be done at home.

Prepare a soda solution in advance and freeze it in small cubes. You can add dye. Before starting the game, prepare a lemon solution and a syringe. Place a few soda cubes on a flat plate and pour lemon water over them from a syringe. The ice will melt with hissing and bubbles. You can do the opposite: freeze lemon water and pour water from a syringe.

Something to think about. Do not reveal to your child the two main secrets about what water the ice cubes were made from and what water the syringe is filled with. If you've played with volcanoes before, your 5-year-old can probably figure it out on his own.

Something to think about. Before freezing soda or lemon water, add coloring to it. It’s very good if you get cubes of red, yellow, blue, white flowers. When placing ice cubes on plates for your baby, place yellow and red, yellow and blue, red and blue next to each other. When the volcanoes melt, pay your child’s attention to what color puddles are left behind.

As you can see from the photos, we had clear, blue, and red soda water cubes. While watching the volcano erupt, we saw pink, yellow colors and a lot of green. These are the miracles! and that's all!

You can also create an ice volcano in a glass: pour water into the glass (not to the very top, otherwise the volcano will immediately overflow its banks), add citric acid or vinegar, throw a cube of frozen soda water into the glass. (You can freeze lemon water and make soda in a glass.) The eruption will begin immediately and will continue for quite a long time - until the entire soda cube has melted. If you color the soda cubes, you can visualize the eruption of an ice volcano. Don’t forget to draw your child’s attention to how the color intensity of the liquid in the glass changes as the ice volcano erupts.

The duration of the eruption and visibility are the main advantages of an ice volcano compared to the method when we simply add soda to a solution of citric acid, or vice versa.

You will find more experiments with ice in the article.

Rainbow volcanoes

Volcanoes look very impressive when there are several of them and they are colored. It is convenient to make such volcanoes in containers of the same size. We fill them with a solution of vinegar or citric acid, add dry or liquid dye, a drop of liquid detergent for a thicker and more stable foam, add soda and observe.

You can watch a volcano erupt at home not only on TV. With the help of a small chemical experiment you will arrange a real eruption on a fabulous island.

From this article you will learn

All that is needed

For the experiment you will need some household chemicals and decorative elements to create an island. An island with a volcano can be made from natural materials or use dinosaur sensory box sets.

A model of a volcano is made from plasticine. Creating a fabulous volcanic island for the experience is its main component and serves to develop the child’s imagination and creativity. Such activities will help instill a love for chemistry and geography. fine motor skills fingers, the child will develop while making plasticine terrain and its inhabitants.

To make an island you need:

• cardboard;
• stapler or narrow tape;
• box with colored plasticine;
• small animal toys;
• colorful pebbles;
• a large plastic box or bowl in which the island will stand;
• glass or plastic container with a volume of 200 ml for the volcano crater.

To conduct the experiment you will need:

• soda 20 g;
• food coloring:
• vinegar 9%;
• dish detergent 25 ml;
• water 100 ml.

Usually the experiment continues until mom runs out of all the baking soda and vinegar, so be patient.

Children cannot carry out the experiment on their own without adults. If vinegar gets into a child's eyes or mouth, it can cause a burn to the mucous membranes, and if swallowed, it can cause a burn to the esophagus.

Making a fairytale island

You can build an island in a large plastic container. Pour real water and line the bottom with round pebbles. Make a container for the volcano from a baby food jar or an old glass. For the mountain inside which the container will stand, you need to make a cardboard model; your child will be happy to cover it with plasticine.

The sequence of making a volcanic mountain:

• cut out a circle of the required diameter from thick cardboard;
• make a cut from the edge to the center of the circle;
• roll up a cone;
• the edges of the cone are fastened with a stapler or tape;
• cut off the upper part of the cone at a height equal to the container chosen for the volcano;
• place the container inside the cone.

I coat the top of the mountain with plasticine. To do this, roll out small plasticine cakes. Brown and stick to a paper cone, completely covering the cardboard. The top of the volcano can be made of red plasticine, which will imitate hot lava.

They place a volcanic mountain on a dry island of pebbles. They are seated around small rubber animals that are among children's toys. Multi-colored amazing dinosaurs or wolves, foxes, bunnies, bears and other inhabitants of the forest and jungle. Depending on what animals were planted, vegetation for the island is selected. Large tree ferns and horsetails for dinosaurs, and ordinary fir trees and birches for bunnies and foxes.

Plastic plants are also often sold in sets for children's games. You can use a leaf of a living fern and twigs of plants if it is summer outside. Plants can also be molded from plasticine, made from threads and beads or ordinary cardboard.

You can make small houses out of cardboard for plastic Indians and soldiers. It is better to use cardboard to make plants and houses when the island is in a container with blue-dyed sand instead of water or on a blue plasticine sea.

Conducting an experiment

Finally the island is ready. All the toy animals and people froze in anticipation interesting event– volcanic eruptions. They know that the volcano is not real and therefore are not afraid of it.

To conduct the experiment, pour a tablespoon of soda into the volcano jar. Add a tablespoon of dishwashing detergent. Food coloring red or orange color dissolve in 100 milligrams of water and add to soda and detergent. The base for the experiment is ready, all that remains is to add vinegar. For mom, you can let your child pour vinegar into the volcano on his own, under her supervision, so that he doesn’t do it in her absence. It is better to repeat the experiment for an encore, pouring vinegar into the “mouth” of the volcano and pouring soda into it until the child is interested in it and asks to repeat the experiment.

When vinegar is added, the baking soda will begin to foam, erupting from the “volcano mouth” like red or orange lava. The detergent will allow the “lava” to foam longer and more abundantly, overflowing from the vent and flooding the surrounding area along with plants and animals that were carelessly located too close.

Afterword

The safest way to experiment with a volcano for young children is to use baking soda and vinegar. It can be repeated many times, and getting the necessary materials for the experiment is not difficult.

The most interesting thing about the experience is creating your own fairy-tale island with your child, which can be used not only for chemical experience"Volcano", but also for an exciting game.

With older children, you can conduct the “Vulcan” experiment at home using
, potassium permanganate and glycerin. For the experiment, ammonium dichromate is poured into an evaporation bowl in the form of a slide, in the middle of which a depression is made. Add a little potassium permanganate and a few drops of glycerin to the recess.

After a few minutes, due to the interaction of potassium permanganate and glycerin, the ammonium dichromate will ignite. Sparks will shoot out from the volcano in all directions, and a fountain of fire will begin to erupt. Before starting the experiment, the bowl must be placed on foil so as not to burn the surface on which the experiment will take place.

Ammonium dichromate can simply be set on fire, and it will burn like a volcano, spewing sparks. The experience is exciting, but children should not be allowed to do it without the presence of adults. Burns can be caused not only by sparks, but also by the chemicals used.

Good luck with your experiments!