Every newborn child perceives the world through sight, touch, hearing, smell, and taste. Unfortunately, nature does not favor all children, and sometimes children are born with some kind of pathology.
Children with visual impairments see the world completely differently, and their development and upbringing require special features. Correctly selected upbringing is very important, since such a child will need to adapt to kindergarten, school, and also in life, which will not be easy. What do parents need to know about the development of children with vision problems?
List of diseases associated with vision problems in children
The most common ones are functional ones, such as:
- (blurred eye)
— (the position of the eye is disturbed, in which deviation of one or two eyes appears, in turn or looking straight), read also ““,
- (not distinguishing objects at a long distance),
- (), and others. If treatment is started in time, the condition can be corrected.
— Organic disorders are those that are related to the structure of the eye and other parts of the visual system. Causes include eye abnormalities, retinal disease, optic nerve disease.
— Factors affecting vision problems are congenital, acquired, or hereditary.
Features of development and learning for children
Young children who do not see, get acquainted with the world in most cases through hearing and touch. Because of this, their idea of the world is different from the children who see it. Unlike sighted children, blind children have to recognize everything by sound, because of this, one of the most important aspects of education is focusing on sounds. For such children, the participation of specialist doctors is a necessary part of education. It is difficult for children with vision problems to cope without the help of a speech therapist, since in most cases the child is not able to understand words, especially if he cannot see real objects.
For such children, they need outdoor games that will stimulate their vision, develop proper movement associated with coordination, and most importantly, learn the necessary skills. All these recommendations can be obtained from an ophthalmologist, who will tell you which games and exercises are suitable for the child. So you're with high probability get success.
— Teach your child proper orientation and coordination. It is advisable to repeat the exercise and actions several times until you reach automaticity.
— Buy toys that are not the same as for ordinary children, but take large sizes, so that you can feel it well and not get hurt. After all, for such children the main thing is to touch everything and learn new things.
— Do not buy toys with small and very sharp parts, so that the child does not injure himself. After all, we can see everything, but they cannot.
— Be sure to teach correct orientation in space, to do this, perform certain tasks and exercises. It is important to explain to the child what he is doing and why.
Choosing a kindergarten
The most responsible should be the choice of kindergarten; when choosing a kindergarten, look at specialized kindergartens for children with visual impairments, organization and implementation of therapeutic purposes to restore vision, and preparation for school. In order to get into a specialized kindergarten, you need to take a referral from your local pediatrician, or from the ophthalmologist with whom you are registered, and go to the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission, which will issue a verdict on visiting a specialized kindergarten.
For a child with visual impairments, such a garden will be the most suitable option, since in such kindergartens there are fewer children in groups than in ordinary kindergartens, in a regular kindergarten there are about 30 people, and in specialized ones there are 6-15 people. And because of this, your child will be much more more attention, and the child will learn exactly what he needs. There are very few disadvantages in such kindergartens, the fact is that such kindergartens are rare, and there are few of them; you have to take the child early in the morning. An equally responsible choice is in educators who must have two degrees, medical and pedagogical. There should be consultations with doctors, an ophthalmologist, a speech therapist, and a psychologist in the kindergarten. Even if you go to a regular kindergarten, the children will most likely laugh at such a child, but not in a specialized kindergarten, since almost all the children there are like that.
Adaptation of children with visual impairments
Adaptation in children with poor vision is slightly worse than in children with normal vision. Because the situation and people change, and the parents who were always with the child all the time are no longer present. The most important thing for parents is not to panic; the child feels it and begins to get nervous.
- Go to the kindergarten together, let the child adapt a little, touch the toys, get to know the teachers and nannies.
- On the first day, bring the baby to the kindergarten for ten twenty minutes, stand near the office, wait, if the child cries and cannot calm down, take him home, no matter what happens psychological trauma. If everything is fine and he plays, you can wait until he plays enough.
- The second time, leave it for longer, about a couple of hours, even if the child cries, let him get used to it a little. And so on for a couple of hours and you will get used to it. The main thing for such a child is a schedule so that he has an idea of how the day is going and automatically does everything.
Finally
To summarize, if you decide to go to a specialized kindergarten, you will need to go to a pediatrician or ophthalmologist, get a referral for special commission, if she gives permission, then you can go to the kindergarten and find out how experienced and qualified the workers are working there, if everything is satisfactory, talk to the child that you need to start a new step in life. In this way, you prepare your child a little for adult life, a lot depends on you, how you explain everything so the child will understand. After all, children are a reflection of their parents.
Create comfortable conditions for life, so that the baby knows that you love him despite the fact that he has vision problems, be an incentive for your children. Never focus on his illness, strive to develop your child further and further, then when he grows up, he will thank you.
Ophthalmic kindergarten
Ophthalmological gardens of the Central Administrative District, South-Western Administrative District, Southern Administrative District
KINDERGARTENS FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN THE CAO
Kindergarten No. 224 (compensatory type, for children with visual impairments)
127051, Moscow, metro station Tsvetnoy Boulevard, Karetny B. lane, 22, building 5
Phone: 299-9480 - Manager
Kindergarten No. 2107 (for children with visual impairments)
119270, Moscow, metro station Sportivnaya, Komsomolsky prosp., 47A
Phone: 242-1620
Kindergarten No. 1729 (for children with visual impairments)
105066, Moscow, metro station Kurskaya, Basmannaya Star. st., 24, building 7
Phone: 265-1540 - Manager
Kindergarten No. 420 (for children with visual impairments)
123056, Moscow, metro Mayakovskaya, Zoologicheskaya st., 17
Phone: 254-6021
Initial school-kindergarten No. 1648 (for children with visual impairments, with 24-hour groups)
109029, Moscow, metro station Krestyanskaya Zastava, Kalitnikovskaya B. st., 32
Phone: 670-1138
KINDERGARTENS FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN SOUTH AREA
Kindergarten 972 (compensatory type, for children with visual impairments, with nursery groups)
117546, Moscow, metro station Academician Yangelya Street, Kharkovsky proezd, 11A
Phone: 383-4583
Kindergarten No. 2356 (compensatory type, for children with musculoskeletal disorders and impaired vision)
115612, Moscow, metro station Krasnogvardeyskaya, Brateevskaya st., 10, building 2
Phone: 342-9898
Kindergarten No. 1305 ( combined type, for children with visual impairments)
115191, Moscow, Tulskaya metro station, Roshchinskaya 2nd st., 13A
Phone: 954-5363 - Manager
Kindergarten No. 1177 (combined type, for children with visual impairments, with nursery groups)
115533, Moscow, metro station Kolomenskaya, Nagatinskaya embankment, 16, building 2
Phone: 116-0411
Kindergarten No. 1621 (compensatory type, for children with visual impairments)
115569, Moscow, metro station Orekhovo, Zakharova Marshala st., 15
Phone: 393-9356
Kindergarten No. 1158 (compensatory type, for children with visual impairments)
117587, Moscow, metro station Yuzhnaya, Kirovogradskaya st., 8B
Phone: 312-7145
KINDERGARTENS FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN SWAD
Kindergarten No. 2156 (for children with visual impairments, 24 hours a day, with nursery groups)
117628, Moscow, metro station Starokachalovskaya, Kulikovskaya st., 1B
Phone: 712-0846
Kindergarten No. 2376 (for children with visual impairments, with nursery groups)
Phone: 714-1009
Kindergarten No. 1231 (compensatory type, for children with visual impairments)
119333, Moscow, metro station Vorobyovy Gory, Fotievoy st., 12
Phone: 137-0676
Primary school-kindergarten No. 1676 (for children with visual impairments)
117209, Moscow, metro station Kakhovskaya, Perekopskaya st., 12, building 1
Phone: 122-7074
Compensatory kindergarten No. 1125 with groups of children with visual impairments
tel. 374-31-31
111395, st. Moldagulova, 20, building 1
Kindergarten No. 1205 of a combined type for children with visual impairments
tel. 264-90-72
107113, st. Sokolnichesky Val, 24-a
Kindergarten No. 1286 of compensatory type for children with visual impairments
tel. 300-02-30
111555, st. Molostovykh, 1, bldg. 5
Kindergarten No. 1764 of compensatory type for children with visual impairments
tel. 469-52-79
107065, Ussuriyskaya st., 9-a
Kindergarten No. 2107 for children with visual impairments
tel. 242-16-20
119270, Komsomolsky Avenue, 47-a
Kindergarten No. 2340 of compensatory type for children with visual impairments
tel. 702-80-30
111673, Saltykovskaya st., 5-b
Kindergarten No. 605 of compensatory type for children with visual impairments
tel. 966-33-75
107143, Otkrytoe shosse, 26/24
Kindergarten No. 724 of compensatory type for children with visual impairments
tel. 304-08-72
111401, st. Metallurgov, 16
Kindergarten No. 816 of a combined type for children with visual impairments
tel. 376-26-01
109444, Tashkent st., 3, bldg. 2
Primary school - kindergarten No. 1645 for children with visual impairments
tel. 378-77-11
109457, st. Fedora Poletaeva, 2, bldg. 4
Primary school - kindergarten No. 1889 of compensatory type for children with visual impairments
tel. 733-53-58
119633, Prirechnaya st., 5, bldg. 1
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Specialized kindergartens ( compensating type) are intended for children with certain health problems. To place a child in such a kindergarten, you need to make a number of efforts, but the result is worth it, because the compensatory kindergarten program is developed taking into account certain problems and is aimed at eliminating them.
Who needs to go to a specialized kindergarten
Children suffering from certain diseases and requiring certain care and special classes. This is exactly what compensatory kindergartens offer. Of course, you can send your child to a regular kindergarten near your home, but there additional needs your child will not be satisfied.
So, specialized kindergartens there are the following types:
- Kindergarten for frequently ill children – as the name suggests, this is a kindergarten for those who are often sick. The decision to send a child to such a kindergarten is made by the pediatrician based on how often the child has been sick over the past year.
- Speech therapy kindergarten designed for children with delays speech development and other speech therapy problems. A speech therapist gives a referral to kindergarten.
- Kindergarten for children with visual impairments Children with poor vision, astigmatism, strabismus, etc. can attend. A referral to kindergarten can be obtained from an ophthalmologist.
- Orthopedic kindergarten suitable for children with deformities chest, congenital dislocations and subluxations of the hips, lumbar scoliosis, X-shaped and Y-shaped legs. A referral can be obtained from an orthopedist.
- IN kindergarten for children with hearing impairments recruit deaf and hard of hearing children.
- IN kindergarten for delayed children mental development accept children diagnosed with mental retardation (mental development delay) as a result of trauma, past illness or due to heredity. In order to get into kindergarten you will need a report from a neurologist (or psychiatrist), ophthalmologist, speech therapist and otolaryngologist.
- Kindergarten for children with musculoskeletal disorders Designed for children with limited motor functions. These are children suffering from cerebral palsy, paralysis, and torticollis. In kindergartens of this type, a comprehensive correctional work aimed at forming motor functions. Children with the above diagnoses need special medical supervision, so they will not be accepted into a regular kindergarten. An orthopedist and a neurologist must prescribe a referral to a kindergarten.
How to get to a specialized kindergarten
The procedure for admission to specialized kindergartens differs from admission to ordinary ones. The first thing you will need is a referral from a doctor. Then, with this referral and the child himself (mandatory), you will go to the Psychological, Medical and Pedagogical Commission (PMPC). The commission will make a conclusion on the advisability of the child attending a specialized kindergarten, and if this conclusion is positive, you go with him directly to the head.
As mentioned above, the opportunity to attend a specialized kindergarten is worth some effort. Firstly, groups in specialized kindergartens are much smaller than in ordinary kindergartens - 7-15 people. Accordingly, teachers pay more attention to children. And secondly, by attending a specialized kindergarten, your child will receive exactly what he needs.
Have specialized kindergartens and the disadvantages associated with the fact that they are not always within walking distance. Sometimes the baby has to be taken to the other end of the city. That is why many compensatory kindergartens have a 24-hour group. However, not every parent is ready to part with their baby for so long.
In a word, where there are pros, there are also cons. And what outweighs, of course, is up to you to decide.
Svetlana Muzychenko specially for www.site.
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Comments
Kinderok Thu, 08/09/2011 - 16:15
Lyudmila, discuss your concerns with the orthopedist who referred you to this group; perhaps your child could attend a regular or other specialized group.
Question:We live on the border of 3 districts: Southern Administrative District, South Western Administrative District and Central Administrative District. I have adopted child, Tanya is 4.3 years old. Problem with orthopedics (we went to an orthopedic kindergarten for a year, it is no different from others, neither in the number of children, nor in the procedures). We were thinking about transferring to speech therapy garden, there are no many sounds, but then it turned out that my vision was getting worse (they checked it 3 times over the course of a year). Which garden should we plan for? I think ophthalmological, because orthopedics was somehow decided upon. Where are the nearest gardens? Elena
Answer:
Good day, Elena. A recommendation regarding a kindergarten must be made by a doctor. There is a speech therapist in any kindergarten. Therefore, if you are still recommended a kindergarten for children with visual impairments, you can be sure that they will also take care of your daughter’s problems with sounds. We have prepared a list that contains kindergartens for children with visual impairments in the Central Administrative District, Southern Administrative District, and South-Western Administrative District.
KINDERGARTENS FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN THE CAO:
Kindergarten No. 224
127051, Moscow, metro station Tsvetnoy Boulevard, Karetny B. lane, 22, building 5
Phone: 299-9480 - Manager
Kindergarten No. 2107
119270, Moscow, metro station Sportivnaya, Komsomolsky prosp., 47A
Phone: 242-1620
Kindergarten No. 1729(for children with visual impairments)
105066, Moscow, metro station Kurskaya, Basmannaya Star. st., 24, building 7
Phone: 265-1540 - Manager
Kindergarten No. 420(for children with visual impairments)
123056, Moscow, metro Mayakovskaya, Zoologicheskaya st., 17
Phone: 254-6021
Primary school-kindergarten No. 1648(for children with visual impairments, with 24-hour groups)
109029, Moscow, metro station Krestyanskaya Zastava, Kalitnikovskaya B. st., 32
Phone: 670-1138
KINDERGARTENS FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN SOUTH AREA
Kindergarten No. 972(compensatory type, for children with visual impairments, with nursery groups)
117546, Moscow, metro station Academician Yangelya Street, Kharkovsky proezd, 11A
Phone: 383-4583
Kindergarten No. 2356(compensatory type, for children with musculoskeletal disorders and impaired vision)
115612, Moscow, metro station Krasnogvardeyskaya, Brateevskaya st., 10, building 2
Phone: 342-9898
Kindergarten No. 1305(combined type, for children with visual impairments)
115191, Moscow, Tulskaya metro station, Roshchinskaya 2nd st., 13A
Phone: 954-5363 - Manager
Kindergarten No. 1177(combined type, for children with visual impairments, with nursery groups)
115533, Moscow, metro station Kolomenskaya, Nagatinskaya embankment, 16, building 2
Phone: 116-0411
Kindergarten No. 1621(compensatory type, for children with visual impairments)
115569, Moscow, metro station Orekhovo, Zakharova Marshala st., 15
Phone: 393-9356
Kindergarten No. 1158(compensatory type, for children with visual impairments)
117587, Moscow, metro station Yuzhnaya, Kirovogradskaya st., 8B
Phone: 312-7145
KINDERGARTENS FOR CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS IN SWAD
Kindergarten No. 2156(for children with visual impairments, 24 hours a day, with nursery groups)
117628, Moscow, metro station Starokachalovskaya, Kulikovskaya st., 1B
Phone: 712-0846
Kindergarten No. 2376(for children with visual impairments, with nursery groups)
Phone: 714-1009
Kindergarten No. 1231(compensatory type, for children with visual impairment)
119333, Moscow, metro station Vorobyovy Gory, Fotievoy st., 12
Phone: 137-0676
Primary school-kindergarten No. 1676(for children with visual impairments)
117209, Moscow, metro station Kakhovskaya, Perekopskaya st., 12, building 1
Phone: 122-7074