Every time gives birth to its poet. In the second half of the last century there was no more popular poet than N. A. Nekrasov. He not only sympathized with the people, but identified himself with peasant Russia, shocked the hearts of his contemporaries with pictures of slavery and poverty, notes of sincere bitter repentance. In one of his speeches about Pushkin, Dostoevsky spoke about the “worldwide responsiveness” of the poet, who knew how to feel someone else’s as if he were his own. The same can be said about N.A. Nekrasov. Moreover, his muse is surprisingly responsive to other people’s joy and pain.
Nekrasov's creativity is varied in subject matter. But whatever it may be, one thing remains unchanged: in all poems the moral credo of the poet is clearly expressed. In his works, he puts the hero before a choice, but does not turn away at this difficult moment for him, but tries to imbue him with his outlook on life. Nekrasov is not afraid to let the hero look into his inner world and evaluate your actions and actions. Thus, the most hidden corners are revealed human soul, moral and moral principles of man.
Thus, in the poem “A Moral Man,” the hero considers himself a person with high morals. But his “high morality” brings deep suffering to those who are close to him: his wife died, “tormented by shame and sadness”; a friend dies, unable to endure debt prison; a peasant drowned himself after he had flogged him; My daughter, married to an unloved man, became unhappy.
Nikolay Nekrasov
Moral man
My wife, covering her face with a veil,
In the evening I went to my lover;
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he convicted... He called out: I didn’t fight!
She went to bed and died
Tormented by shame and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
And she wanted to run away with him rashly.
I threatened her with a curse: she resigned herself
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
Their house was brilliant and full like a cup;
But suddenly Masha began to turn pale and fade away
And a year later she died of consumption,
Having struck the whole house with deep sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life...
I gave the peasant as a cook:
It was a success; a good cook is happiness!
But he often left the yard
And I call it an indecent addiction
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Fatherly flogged him with a canal,
He drowned himself: he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My friend did not present the debt to me on time.
I hinted to him in a friendly way,
I left it to the law to judge us:
The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying altyn,
But I’m not angry, even though I have a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
First half of 1847
Ilyinsky Igor Vladimirovich. July 11 (24), 1901, Moscow - January 13, 1987, Moscow. Soviet artist theater and cinema, master artistic word, director.
In our difficult time problems of morality, in my opinion, are becoming especially acute and relevant. It pains me to see how people not only lose, but also cease to appreciate such qualities as kindness, loyalty, decency, sincerity and especially love for their homeland, its morals, customs, traditions. How easily and simply we adopt everything that is foreign! How I would like to advise my generation: “Pick up a volume of Nekrasov! Stay alone with him! Read, think about his lines and look into your soul! " And everyone will find in his lines a response to what worries us, will help us understand the meaning and value of high moral ideals In human life.
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Living according to strict morals,
My wife, covering her face with a veil,
In the evening I went to my lover;
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he convicted... He called out: I didn’t fight!
She went to bed and died
Tormented by shame and sadness...
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
And she wanted to run away with him rashly.
I threatened her with a curse: she resigned herself
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
Their house was brilliant and full like a cup;
But suddenly Masha began to turn pale and fade away
And a year later she died of consumption,
Having struck the whole house with deep sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life...
I gave the peasant as a cook:
It was a success; a good cook is happiness!
But he often left the yard
And I call it an indecent addiction
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Fatherly flogged him with a canal,
He drowned himself: he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My friend did not present the debt to me on time.
I hinted to him in a friendly way,
I left it to the law to judge us:
The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying altyn,
But I’m not angry, even though I have a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
Analysis of the poem “Moral Man” by Nekrasov
N. Nekrasov became famous for his works in the genre civil lyrics, the main motive of which was to expose the main social vices. At the same time, the main theme for the poet was the protection of the lower strata of society. The overwhelming majority of Nekrasov's poems are dedicated to the peasantry. But sometimes he dwelled in detail on the description of representatives ruling class. A striking example is the poem "Moral Man".
The author describes the life and work of a certain “moral person” with a huge amount of sarcasm. Compositionally, the poem consists of four separate parts, dedicated to the main character’s relationships with completely different people.
In the first part, a “moral man” learns about his wife’s infidelity. He exposes her with the help of the police, but refuses the challenge to a duel. The disgraced woman dies, unable to bear the suffering that befell her.
The next action of the main character is trial with a friend who owed him money. The debtor was sentenced to prison, in which he died.
The “moral man” taught his serf peasant the art of cooking. "Unfortunately", along with new profession the peasant acquired a thirst for knowledge (“he loved to read and reason”). For this, the owner scolded him for a long time and, in the end, subjected him to corporal punishment. The “fool” drowned himself out of grief.
The “peak” of the protagonist’s morality is his treatment of his own daughter. The girl fell in love with the poor teacher, and her prudent father forced her to marry the more preferable “gray-haired rich man.” "Happy" family life didn't last long. The daughter quickly began to “turn pale and fade away” and died a year after the wedding.
Nekrasov does not accuse his main character of anything. He leaves it to the readers to judge. The “moral person” himself is firmly confident in his infallibility. He proves this with the refrain repeated several times: “By living in accordance with strict morals, I have never done harm to anyone in my life.”
The whole horror of the situation lies precisely in the fact that such a view was characteristic of the overwhelming majority of the nobility. Nekrasov, of course, created collective image a scoundrel, but in general his actions do not contradict the so-called “strict morality.” All victims received what they deserved. The wife cheated on her husband, the friend did not repay the debt, the peasant dared to contradict the owner, and the daughter abandoned parental obedience. A “moral person” does not feel sorry for these sinners. He himself is “pure” before God. The only thing that confuses him is the “deep sadness” in the house after Masha’s death.
True human evolution is impossible without moral life, subordinate to the fair interests of the society in which he lives; high moral principles, honor, conscience, helping those in need, constant enlightenment with knowledge...
In this article I would like to touch upon one of the most interesting topics, in my opinion: the question of the connection between human morality and his evolution. To expand on the topic, it is first necessary to shed light on the concepts themselves. "moral" And "evolution".
Moral- this is life according to conscience, when in thoughts, words and deeds a person is guided by the commandments of our great ancestors and the voice of reason, multiplied by the love of the heart.
Evolution- this is the development of bodies of the Essence of a person, additional to the physical body, or, in other words, bodies of the Soul, with the receipt of which a person acquires new opportunities and abilities. This is what allows a person to expand the range of his perception of reality and, upon achieving a certain level development, control space and matter.
The truth, forgotten by many, is that without moral life, true evolution is impossible. Nowadays, the interchangeability of the concepts “development” and “evolution” is widespread in society, although they do not mean the same thing. For example, a person studying foreign language, develops, that is, develops, increases one’s knowledge of the language being studied. Or a person involved in any sport also develops certain physical parameters. But neither a foreign language nor sports help a person make a qualitative leap, both in his perception and in his capabilities.
No matter how many languages a person studies, and no matter how many sports he masters, he will still live within the existing limitations of the five senses. And this is a fact. The fact is so heavy and capacious that it is impossible not to comprehend it. It means that the mere accumulation of information does not at all guarantee the emergence of new opportunities and abilities in a person, and also does not make a person rational and moral. After all, the very word “ intelligence“means nothing more than “a mind sanctified by the divine light of truth,” and this light appears in a person from living according to conscience, that is, from a moral life. And there is no other way for this light to appear. Academician Nikolay Levashov wrote about it like this:
“...Even our ancestors shared two concepts - MIND and REASON! And in their understanding, these two concepts were fundamentally different from each other, although these two words have a common root, MIND! Matter, having realized its existence, acquires MIND! And only when the bearers of the mind achieve enlightenment with knowledge, only then does MIND appear!!! The ability to think does not yet mean intelligence - a state when a person is enlightened by knowledge, knowledge of the laws of nature from which he was born!..”(“Source of Life-5”).
This can be confirmed by academics who are unable to go beyond the existing dogmas in science; scientists plying each other for lucrative positions and titles; highly educated members of the governments of the world, whose actions contradict all norms of morality and rationality; businessmen who, for the sake of short-term profit, disfigure the environment with pollution from their industries, and so on, and so on...
In just one lifetime physical body a moral person can complete the planetary cycle of his evolution by developing in himself the etheric, astral and four mental bodies, which, together with the physical, make up the seven human bodies, which corresponds to the seven levels of the Earth, formed by the seven primary matters. As Nikolai Levashov wrote, “the presence of mental bodies gives the person who has them a colossal psychic strength, through which such a person can influence the processes occurring in nature, both on a local and on a planetary scale. Only with the power of your thoughts can you influence and control the processes occurring in human society. See and hear the past, present and future... and much more. Such power should and can only be had by a person with pure thoughts, pure soul and an open heart to goodness" (« Last call to humanity"). And the completion of the planetary cycle of human development gives him the opportunity to start qualitatively new stage of its development: cosmic stage of evolution.
After the death of the physical body, the Essence (Soul) of a person falls to the level of the Earth that corresponds to the evolutionary level that the Essence managed to achieve during the current life in the physical body. And no matter how smart a person is, no matter how much regalia, power and wealth he has, but if his life was not moral, he will not be able to get into high levels of our planet for one simple reason: during his life such a person failed to develop in himself higher bodies Entities that provide such an opportunity. And if a person lived by instincts (emotions) or with a predominance of them, then he finds himself on the lower astral level of the planet, where criminals and simply unspiritual people, who are surrounded by various “astral animals” on these “floors” of the Earth, serve their “punishment”. And if the people who got there have weak energy protection, then they literally of this word, can be eaten by these creatures. A “the death of the Essence means that all the evolutionary experience and achievements of all the incarnations that the Essence had disappear forever... this is evolutionary death...”(“Last appeal to humanity”).
Many people do not believe that by living morally they will be able to get what they want from life, because they see that often those who lead immoral lives have success and prosperity, in the modern understanding of these terms. Such people forget that external material success and wide access to a variety of pleasures are bought at too high a price: loss of Soul and, quite possibly, the impossibility of a further thousand-year life.
Our ancestors lived according to Vedic laws, which were given to them by their patrons - the Gods. Who were these Gods? By gods, the Slavic-Aryans understood people whose level of development far exceeded their own level. And the Gods of the Slavs - Svarog, Perun, Veles, Lada the Virgin and others - gave them moral commandments, the fulfillment of which inevitably leads a person to enlightenment with knowledge, the creation of ever new bodies of the Essence, and endless development. Fortunately for us, after many centuries of concealment of the “Slavic-Aryan Vedas”, some of them have now been published and are available for reading by everyone interested in the true past of Rus' and the whole world. And this means for us an excellent opportunity to study and understand those moral principles, on which the life of our great ancestors was built, and therefore the opportunity to build our own lives on a solid foundation, proven by thousands of years of history.
Be truthful in Soul and Spirit,
The worlds hold on to the Truth. Their gate is Truth;
For it is said that in Truth rests Immortality.
(“Slavic-Aryan Vedas”, Santiya Vedas of Perun. First Circle. Santiya 4).
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The poem is not just malicious, but somehow sharply self-critical. Or rather, it was not at all justifiable to the moral society of the time when Nekrasov worked. And it seems that everything in this work is clear and, moreover, everything in it is correct.
If you look from the outside, the husband saved the family from shame by exposing his wife in treason, and gave his daughter a brilliant future by marrying her to an adult wealthy person, and debt is worth paying, no matter how close a friend you are.
It would seem that everything is correct, what’s wrong with that, as long as a person follows a moral approach to life. He’s not a killer, he just wants to do what he thinks will be good for everyone. But for some reason his wife dies from shame, his daughter dies from an unequal marriage, the peasant whom he brought into the public suddenly drowned himself, a friend, imprisoned for non-payment of a debt, dies. What are they doing? Still right, still right. The actions of a person of moral integrity could not lead to such results. But…
After each part of the poem it is repeated like a mantra: “I have never done harm to anyone in my life.” This sounds both like conviction and justification. Indeed, it is not he who is to blame for their misfortunes, but they themselves.
After all, there was no need to change so as not to die of shame. There was no need to fall in love with just anyone, so as not to die of consumption in rich family, there was no need to quarrel with the master and then drown himself. And in the end, there was no need to borrow, so as not to pay it back later and end up in prison. This person sincerely believes that he did no harm.
All his actions, according to his logic, brought only salvation and did as much as possible better life the people themselves. What's wrong here? He simply acted in a way that benefited only him. Saved himself from shame and from being called a “cuckold” by society.
He saved his daughter from a miserable existence and saved his wallet from spending it on his daughter’s needs. He trained his peasant to be a cook and began to eat well, but he could not restrain himself and tried to teach the man to speak well. And, in the end, he tried to get back what was his. That is, it turned out that these people brought themselves to a critical state and he had nothing to do with their deaths.
Nekrasov speaks again and again in his poems about the moral principles of that time. He exposes those who, under the guise of morality, do evil, accuses such “quiet scoundrels” of meanness, arrogance and, oddly enough, immorality.
Nikolai Nekrasov - Moral Man: Verse
Living according to strict morals,
In the evening I went to my lover;
And he convicted... He called out: I didn’t fight!
Tormented by shame and sadness...
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
Their house was brilliant and full like a cup;
Living according to strict morals,
I gave the peasant as a cook:
But he often left the yard
Fatherly flogged him with a canal,
He drowned himself: he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
I hinted to him in a friendly way,
I left it to the law to judge us:
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
Nikolai Nekrasov - Living in accordance with strict morality (A moral person)
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My wife, covering her face with a veil,
No. 4 In the evening I went to see my lover.
I sneaked into his house with the police
And he caught it. He called - I didn’t fight!
She went to bed and died
No. 8 Tormented by shame and sadness.
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
My friend did not present the debt to me on time.
No. 12 I, having hinted in a friendly way to him,
The law sentenced him to prison.
He died in it without paying altyn,
No. 16 But I’m not angry, even though I have a reason to be angry!
I forgave him the debt on the same date,
Honoring him with tears and sadness.
Living according to strict morals,
No. 20 I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
I gave the peasant as a cook,
It was a success; a good cook is happiness!
But he often left the yard
No. 24 And I call it an indecent addiction
Had: loved to read and reason.
I, tired of threatening and scolding,
Fatherly flogged him with a canal;
No. 28 He drowned himself, he was crazy!
Living according to strict morals,
I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
I had a daughter; fell in love with the teacher
No. 32 And she wanted to run away with him rashly.
I threatened her with a curse: she resigned herself
And she married a gray-haired rich man.
No. 36 But Masha suddenly began to turn pale and fade away
And a year later she died of consumption,
Overwhelming the whole house with deep sadness.
Living according to strict morals,
No. 40 I have never done harm to anyone in my life.
Nravstvenny chelovek
Zhivya soglasno s strictoy moralyu,
Zhena moya, zakryv litso vualyu,
Pod vecherok k lyubovniku poshla.
Ya v dom k nemu s politsiyey prokralsya
I ulichil. On vyzval - ya ne dralsya!
Ona slegla v postel i died,
Isterzana pozorom i sadyu.
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.
Priatel v srok mne dolga ne predstavil.
Ya, nameknuv po-druzheski yemu,
Zakonu rassudit nas predostavil;
Zakon prigovoril yego v tyurmu.
V ney died on, ne zaplativ altyna,
No ya ne zlyus, khot zlitsya yest prichina!
Ya long yemu prostil togo zh chisla,
Pochtiv yego slezami i sadyu.
Zhivya soglasno s strogoyu moralyu,
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.
Krestyanina ya otdal v povara,
On udalsya; khoroshy povar - schastye!
No often otluchalsya so dvora
I zvanyu neprilichnoye pristrastye
Imel: lyubil chitat i rassuzhdat.
Ya, utomyas grozit i raspekat,
Otecheski posek yego, kanalyu;
On vzyal da utopilsya, dur nashla!
Zhivya soglasno s strogoyu moralyu,
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.
Imel ya doch; v uchitelya vlyubilas
I s nim bezhat khotela sgoryacha.
Ya pogrozil proklyatyem yey: smirilas
I vyshla za sedogo bogacha.
I dom blestyashch i polon byl kak chasha;
No stala vdrug blednet i gasnut Masha
I cherez god v chakhotke died,
Sraziv ves dom glubokoyu sadyu.
Zhivya soglasno s strogoyu moralyu,
Ya nikomu ne sdelal v zhizni zla.
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