In childhood, a schizoid accentuator is autistic, he sits alone, plays alone, he is taciturn, misunderstood, unkempt and thoughtful, prefers to stay among adults, sometimes he is silent for a long time, the occasion of their conversation. Does not reach out to peers, avoids noisy fun. To this is sometimes added some kind of coldness and childish restraint.
It's like he's not from here. And in fact, he's probably not here. Its isolation is the door to a bizarre inner world. A world in which everything is different, everything is complex and confusing for others, but so clear and familiar to him...
E.G., 16 years old. Difficulties in relationships with peers and parents. She - " White crow, which is inappropriate." In clothes he prefers gray, nondescript tones. Invisible. Reduced background mood, amicable, speaks quietly, monotonously. According to her peers, she is: “...strange,...abstruse,...overbearing,...thinks a lot about herself,...complicated.” In progress psychological counseling the girl reveals her inner world. She lives there most of the time. In this world there is a mother who is attentive to her, caring, in this world there are understanding and loving friends. She sees herself in this world as bright, beautiful, noticeable, easy to get into contact with, cheerful and cheerful. She assures that she created this world due to the misunderstanding of those around her of her complex essence, her peculiarities.
Children with schizoid accentuation are not emotional and are restrained in expressing feelings. Adolescence is a very difficult time. If accentuation persists after adolescence, all of the above characteristics remain.
They are closed, fenced off. It is extremely difficult to penetrate their inner world.
The inner life of the “I” can be bizarre, disharmonious, paradoxical. A certain pretentiousness and unnaturalness are possible.
Movements may be “broken”, angularity and awkwardness appear. They are often sloppy in their clothing.
Speech is florid, with a special subtext of statements, sometimes with complex personal symbolism of words, a tendency to reasoning
They are prone to abstraction, to flight away from reality, to mystification, to religious rituals, sectarianism, eccentricity and originality. Poor understanding of simple, concrete, natural properties (of both people and objects).
Reality should be, as it were, an illustration of their own “internal constructions” (otherwise they reject it or begin to stubbornly and unclearly reshape the environment to suit their idea).
The will can be directed towards fanciful, strange interests.
Often these are bright individualists - with certain inclinations they can achieve high results. Often these are people of art: artists, poets. People who prefer free creative style gravitating towards the new, unknown. They have a penchant for theosophy, psychology, and psychiatry. They often build abstract pictures of the world, gravitate towards schemes and systems, and love to engage in methodology. There are original systems in the head with their own strange order - but around, as a rule, there is chaos.
They do not tolerate formalities or frameworks, and feel the need for freedom of subjective choice. They react violently to an attempt to invade the world of their interests, fantasies, and hobbies.
At the same time, “emotional coldness” is manifested, sometimes even cruelty (because they do not understand well the experiences of other people). At the same time, in some cases they can be quite “refined” (a contradictory combination of sensitivity within the “I” and insensitivity outside). Frequent escapes into a fantasy world (sometimes this helps creativity, if there are inclinations). They can perform seemingly inexplicable actions. They are not interested in the reaction of others.
Such people are characterized by non-contact, but this non-contact can be of a different nature:
1) Non-communicative, emotionally cold, uncommunicative. And this satisfies them.
2) Non-contact and they worry that they are like that. They are aware of their lack of success in terms of interpersonal relationships. It is really difficult for them to communicate, especially since they are characterized by an inability to empathize. Suffering from loneliness, they withdraw more and more into themselves.
A schizoid accentuator cannot grasp “subtle things” in relationships: when to say what or remain silent, where to go or stay. His coldness is more an inability to feel the soul of another than indifference. He has no emotional resonance, so he can be cruel. He seems to be “in a shell,” but if the shell cracks, he reveals a vulnerability that is unexpected for those around him.
Personalities of this type may have sexual excesses and sexual aggression; alcoholism, as a rule, is not typical. They can become drug addicts, substance abusers, because they live in fantasies and need them due to the inability to realize themselves in a normal sphere.
A schizoid is not demanding of those around him, and it is easy to be with him if you give him the opportunity to do his own thing. He is stable in his hobbies and affections. But connecting him to another business so that he is actively involved in it is very difficult. He is not attracted to money; in general, earthly concerns concern him little.
In life, such people are usually very impractical, absent-minded, and difficult to adapt to everyday life. They have vague thinking and sometimes have difficulties in generalizing. Often they build an image based on a small, insignificant feature. Originality of thinking, originality of statements, independence of views, tendency to abstraction.
Defense mechanism under stress – retreat into fantasy, into the world of dreams.
As a rule, these are typical introverts. When making decisions, they do not focus on society, but rely only on their own opinion.
IN interpersonal relationships manifest themselves as pronounced individualists.
Mixed, closer to weak, type of reaction.
The motives are usually unclear.
- Schizoid accentuators need acting training and the development of stage sense and imagination more than others. It is necessary to find an opportunity for them to study in a drama studio or a literary circle, pantomime - where their mental and physical expressiveness will develop.
Try to give them the opportunity to be in the center - to play the role of a mass entertainer, even though they will have quite natural resistance. We need to do this unobtrusively, imperceptibly involve them, give them the initiative.
It is worth encouraging them to speak louder, to monitor the imagery and brightness of speech. But this should not be a direct rude suggestion, the motivation should be unobtrusive and gentle
Such individuals should be taught to monitor their clothes - whether they correspond to fashion trends, and to be taught to evaluate how their clothes look appearance from the outside.
During group trainings teach them to play choleric – to react to everything vividly and impulsively.
You need to learn to imitate the facial expressions and intonations of other people, try to copy their facial expressions. These exercises are especially difficult for people with schizoid (looking ahead, we can also say about a character with sharpened epileptoid features) accentuation. Sometimes it takes months before the schizoid begins to show even the slightest signs of empathy. In response to a proposal to simply imagine oneself as another person, not to mention copying their facial expressions, the psychologist will most likely hear a disarming: “But I can’t. I can not". Or more like a protest: “I am me.” Water wears away the stone, and the psychologist, drop by drop, breaks through the wall of closeness and negativism of his charges.
Recommend that the schizoid-accentuant person take up some kind of sport that develops plasticity and coordination of movements - for example, dancing or karate-wushu. If this is a schoolchild, talk to the physical education teacher, let him try to interest the student and push him to study in this direction. Be prepared for the fact that at the beginning this may not be easy, both for you in your beliefs and for him in accepting these beliefs, and even more so, in implementing your recommendations.
In relationships with people, such a person must avoid both excessive friendliness and unjustified hostility. Try to set him up for calm, even goodwill.
Hyperthymic type |
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Since childhood, such people are very energetic, independent, carefree sociable and talkative. These are mischievous people, prone to pranks, such as petty hooliganism and violation of discipline at school. They are prone to risk and adventure - this is their element. In particular, they are prone to gambling, which they will play until the last minute - they are one of those who need everything or nothing. They are very cheerful, witty, and generally completely devoid of shyness. Thanks to their friendliness and sociability, they easily get to know each other, easily fit into any teenage company, and love to lead. The desire for leadership (usually informal) makes hyperthymic people the ringleaders noisy companies, initiators of large-scale undertakings that are rarely completed. On those around them they can produce the most favorable impression. Active, low-fatigue. They do not accept loneliness.
An energetic hyperthymic teenager is usually restless, not systematic in his activities and has only superficial knowledge and interests. Very charming. They may be capable, but it is difficult for them to study - even with good abilities, they usually do poorly in their studies, and also experience great difficulties in complying with disciplinary standards. They are characterized by increased distractibility, restlessness, and impatience. Tendency to disorder, irresponsibility in assignments. Extremely inconsistent hobby. Plans are rarely completed. The energy of activity is scattered. They may have conflicts with teachers and parents, but after that they can easily resolve these same conflicts themselves.
They know how to find a way out of any situation. When they find themselves in dubious companies, they know how not to sink to the bottom. However, with a pronounced sharpening of accentuation, the symptoms of this group also include characteristic negative features: falling into the power of their desires, such children can join asocial companies, being in which often entails early alcoholism, narcotic drugs, delinquent behavior (often doing something just for company, without thinking about the consequences). Due to promiscuity in dating, early sexual relationships occur and sexually transmitted diseases are possible. Emancipation is very difficult. Representatives of this type are very independent from childhood; long-term escapes from home are possible.
A.S., 15 years old. He disarms with his optimism and overflowing cheerfulness. Captivating “sincerity”, behind which, as a rule, there are fictitious facts. Charming, inspires confidence, easily makes promises that he never keeps. Makes contact with people different ages right on the street, which often leads to the emergence of criminal connections. Alcohol abuse, systematic running away from home. He approaches the future with carefree ease and frivolity. He boasts of connections, friends, and is convinced that he “will not be lost.” Dangers of Doing similar image He doesn’t understand life and wonders why those around him don’t share his point of view.
Failures can cause an affective reaction in hyperthymic people, but not for long. They quickly move away and return to their usual cheerful state. They apologize easily.
In the life of hyperthymic people, brilliant ups and downs are possible (although in business matters these people are extremely unreliable) and sharp downfalls, which, however, are easily tolerated; hyperthymic people remain resourceful and inventive in any predicaments. Their active orientation may also have asocial manifestations (scams, fraud, etc.).
- Advise a hyperthymic person to start a notebook to work on himself.
- In the notebook, first of all, you need to write all the immediate and distant plans, after which you should cross out half of them and forget them. It is better to plan a little than to plan a lot and not complete it.
- Let him come up with a “punishment” for himself for every unfinished task and broken promise. He still won’t punish himself too much, but he will learn to fix and control his indiscipline.
- Recommend that he ask himself (preferably in writing, all in the same notebook) - “What is still left in me that is negative for others?”, “What do I need to do so that these qualities do not interfere with me and other people?”
- A hyperthymic person must be encouraged to maintain order around him - in the room, in his bag, on the table - then order in his soul will come much sooner.
Hysterical type |
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This personality type has two main “cores”: artistry, ease of getting used to any role (on the one hand) and the desire to stand out and attract attention (on the other hand). Often found in teenage girls.
This type is visible from childhood: here is a child in the center of the room declaring poetry - with rich and precise intonation, getting used to the image - and catches admiration. Then, when everyone has sat down at the table and everyone has forgotten about him, he again tries to attract attention to himself. If this does not work out, he spins under his feet again and again, ending up knocking over the tablecloth on himself. He is scolded, punished, he throws a tantrum - but everything is fine - he received his share of attention.
As a rule, people of this type have good artistic abilities, creative thinking, art warehouse. He feels subtly, is overly emotional, everything is in colorful details and vivid images. But it’s difficult for him to express the essence in a dry, conceptual way; it’s “not his thing.”
He is dressed ostentatiously, takes picturesque poses, climbs into the center in company, speaks loudly and beautifully, boasts and lies with clear eyes about his merits and exploits. Can be upset or offended if someone else is the center of attention.
He can become a leader if people are interested in him and believe him, but not for long, because he easily becomes a coward and betrays. When he was found out, he says that he was disappointed in this company and goes in search of new viewers. So he easily changes both attachments and work.
Well protected inside. If his girlfriend dances with someone else, he will easily devalue it in his heart: “She didn’t appreciate me, well, in vain, I’ll go find someone else.” What matters to him is not people, but their attention.
But this is in his soul, and outwardly he is a lover of drama. His jealousy is always aimed at the viewer. He tears out the hair of himself and others, pretends to commit suicide (almost always survives, unless he makes a mistake), and to stage suicide he will do something completely insignificant (eat harmless medicines from the medicine cabinet, cut his forearm). And if he does something dangerous, he makes sure that those around him know about it and can prevent it: he makes secret confessions in advance, makes long preparations for hanging or searching for poison, and so on. But such demonstrative games, unfortunately, sometimes lead to the most tragic consequences - the teenager just wanted to scare his parents or friends, and the result is an absurd death.
N.Z., 16 years old, has a strongly accentuated, hysterical type of character. Prefers bright, provocative clothes; speaks expressively; reacts to comments sharply and impulsively. Often conflicts. But no one can do without her school holiday, she is irreplaceable on stage. She gets used to the role like a real actress. Going to enroll in pedagogical institute. Taking into account her personal characteristics and high intelligence, the choice was made correctly, because by giving a lesson, she will be able to be “on stage” every day. The prognosis in this case is very promising - presumably the development of the personality in this case will proceed favorably, its characterological features will fall into the right direction.
Characterized by self-mourning, flight into illness or extravagance. They are often into hippies, yoga and everything that is fashionable. But even in these areas they lie and invent more than they do.
Relationships with parents are ambivalent: there may be runaways from home, loud demands for freedom, independence, noisy conflicts - but in fact, the hysterical will not run far. He is attached to his parents, but not with care and gratitude, but with selfishness - after all, here is his material and emotional feeding ground, they will always warm him here, feed him with attention and care.
He is easy to negotiate with, easy-going, but not obligatory. It promises a lot, but delivers little. It flashed - and to the side. The concept of “duty” and “obligatory” is an abstraction for him. You can only talk about this beautifully.
If the hysterical person does not meet with sympathy, he becomes angry.
Suggestible, outwardly they can be captivatingly simple.
They almost always do not admit their mistakes. They humiliate the enemy for any reason. They are vengeful and vindictive towards their enemies.
The dominant role of external impressions.
They feel good in an atmosphere of scandals and gossip.
Excellent blackmailers (they threaten to run away from home - but if he has escaped, he should be looked for in a reasonable place - where they should be looked for, they blackmail with suicide, which is not typical for them). Sometimes an attempt that is demonstrative by design crosses the line and becomes true. They are not prone to delinquency, but are prone to petty fraud.
Deep feelings are not typical for them - everything is just a theatrical game for them.
Alcoholism is not typical, although they may drink in company - they drink little, but brag a lot and act out their intoxication.
They may try drugs and toxins once, but then they will talk about them for a long time.
The weak link is wounded pride, collapse of hopes for a prestigious place, debunked exclusivity.
As a rule, behind the hysterical type there is a very low self-esteem and a very big complex.
It is interesting to observe how hysterical people react to the description of their type; as a rule, they really like the hysterical accentuation, and they begin to be proud of it. Pointing out character weaknesses becomes quite difficult. They just don't hear about them.
The type of perception, processing and reproduction is visual-figurative, sensual, artistic.
Defense mechanisms – 1) displacement of negative information from consciousness, 2) withdrawal into illness.
- Such people need to play phlegmatic, practice quiet voice, slow movements
- Teach them how to write a report – without pauses, facial expressions, or playing with intonations.
- Give them this task: let them do a good job and not tell anyone about it. This task by hysterics meets with special approval. For them, this is just another game, but a useful game.
- Recommend that at a party or in a company they try to sit on the sidelines and keep quiet, do so not to be noticed and be glad that there are good people around.
- Invite them to pass off their idea as someone else’s. The reaction of hysterics to this task is interesting. Usually it is very similar - at first he thinks for a long time, and then with a heavy sigh he declares: “It’s hard.”
- Let him help another to be in the center of attention and be happy for him.
- Let them learn to love themselves: give themselves so much warmth and care so that they don’t need so much attention and care from others.
In people with cycloid type periodicity of opposite states is observed. Multiple “wave-like” changes of “excitation” and “inhibition”. Moreover, even with an increase, these two processes have an admixture of their opposite.
For example, sadness may occur when excited.
S.I., 17 years old. Usually sociable, happy to make contact, willing to attend classes with a psychologist, trusting, not secretive. With the onset of the subdepressive phase, withdrawal into oneself is observed. He doesn’t refuse psychological help, but during classes he remains silent, says that “everything is fine”, opens up reluctantly, takes closed poses, avoids eye contact, gets irritated, may cry.
In childhood they resemble hyperthymics (surface active – sociability, activity, elevated mood), and in adolescence in a difficult situation, the first subdepressive phase begins.
It should be noted here that depression should not be confused with subdepression. The difference is that depression is a painful condition, while subdepression is not.
With subdepression, energy disappears, lethargy, weakness, and lack of initiative overcome. Efficiency decreases and withdrawal from contacts is observed. The future is seen in dark tones. A person cannot gather his thoughts, sleep disturbances occur, and daytime sleepiness occurs. Failures are acutely experienced, but not in the form of a conflict outlet, but in relation to oneself. They often respond to comments and reproaches with irritation, sometimes rudely and angrily, and in the depths of their souls, they fall into greater despondency.
Then there is a rise. The phase lasts 1-2 weeks (according to psychiatrists). Sociability increases, they become sociable, promiscuity in acquaintances is possible. The background mood changes to elated. Activity and efficiency increase, and a thirst for activity is observed.
Thinking corresponds to one or another phase (according to the dynamics of the flow mental operations). Most often, they learn the material quite easily.
If a traumatic situation continues for a long time, it provokes the manifestation of obvious accentuation, which leads to the subdepressive phase being lengthened. At this time, a person is sensitive to insults, assessments, accusations, failures and other environmental influences.
The main problem: in the subdepressive phase, a continuous emotional breakdown can occur, including suicide.
Adolescents, being in this phase, often look for shortcomings in themselves (personal reflection (from the Latin Reflexio) - turning back - the process of self-knowledge by the subject of internal mental acts and states) and, having discovered them, get scared, consider themselves different from others and worse than them. Awareness of your problems and search for solutions to overcome them in the subdepressive phase does not help. Such a teenager needs to seek help by using a helpline or turning to a psychologist.
With a patient, understanding attitude from loved ones, the sharpness of the phases sooner or later smoothes out.
- In the subdepressive phase, it is necessary to support the person with gentle advice, be careful with him, and be extremely tactful.
- In no case should you be rude, as cyclothymic can give an acute emotional reaction.
- Recommendations described for hyperthymics and hypothymics, according to the phases.
Psychasthenic type |
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These people are not very sociable, shy, and are characterized by fears. They are characterized by indecisiveness, self-distrust, and seeking help or advice from others. Wanting to do something, such a person doubts whether it is right. Having decided to do something, he does it immediately, and indecision begins to be combined with impatience. The work they start is completed (although they have a “boundary of entry” to which they can still turn back). When the job is finished, he starts to worry again about how well he did.
Since childhood, timidity and fearfulness have been observed. Then prudence and suspiciousness intensify. Thinking is usually correct and logical. May be motorically awkward. Prone to daydreaming and introspection.
They are often well-developed and well-read, but due to their indecisiveness they can be overshadowed by complete nonentities.
T.P., 18 years old. She has a very high intelligence, is versatile, talented, friendly and tactful, and has a pleasant attractive appearance. But she worries about everything all the time. The slightest insult causes tears in her, long-term experiences that are difficult for her to cope with on her own. If she has nothing to worry about, she will still find a reason, even the most insignificant one. The expression on his face is tense and sad all the time, with a readiness to cry at any moment.
In a difficult extreme situation, they have a peculiar reaction - to everyone’s surprise, they can find fast decision and manifest complete fearlessness(which is sharply different from hysteroids).
This type often develops as a result of specific upbringing (very high demands and expectations imposed by parents - usually authoritarian). A psychasthenic person is afraid more than anything else of not living up to the expectations placed on him. Usually attached to parents and capable of deep feelings. They are afraid for their loved ones, afraid of death, accidents. Sensitives (about them we'll talk below) they worry about everything very deeply, but psychasthenics also look at things realistically and constantly analyze the situation. Such a person can create a problem where other people usually do not have one. Anxious thoughts are characteristic (when analyzing situations).
They often become pedantic and prone to rituals. They cannot afford to be late - they are overly punctual. If there are many rituals, they can turn into obsessive states(neuroses). They are characterized by self-examination, dissatisfaction with themselves, and excessive philosophizing. They will never solve the problem through suicide. They are too responsible to their relatives for this.
None teenage problems. Personal problems include obsession and neurotic reactions. Character - tiresome.
These are also people with low self-esteem and very increased level anxiety.
- When working, simulate the most terrible situations, let the psychasthenic mentally play them out, accept them and begin to look for possible solutions.
- Teach the psychasthenic a constructive attitude towards problems: “It happened. So what's now?"
- Let them violate any established order and make sure that nothing terrible happened.
- Recommend doing facial exercises. The psychasthenic has a tense forehead all the time, and his mouth feigns sadness. Let him learn to relax his forehead, portray various positive emotional states - joy, interest, confidence, pleasant surprise. Very useful training acting, trying on heroic brave roles - It is necessary to develop reactivity and impulsiveness. - The idea must be conveyed that only those who do nothing make no mistakes, and that without mistakes it is difficult to accumulate life experience. - The psychasthenic must be encouraged to express own opinion without regard to the parental shadow and their judgmental assessment. It is necessary to convey to such a person his right to freedom of thoughts and opinions.
A person has a mood that changes too often and too abruptly, and the reasons for these changes are often insignificant and unnoticeable to others (an unflattering word spoken, rain at the wrong time, a torn button - such little things can instantly cause Bad mood, whereas a pleasant conversation, a new thing, an interesting idea can lift him up).
Such people are either very active and talkative, or slow and stingy with words.
The experiences are deep and personally significant - they can affect sleep, appetite, ability to work, and communication. With a change in mood, the perception of the world, other people, even the perception of the past and future sharply changes: then everything seems hopeless, unfair, then suddenly bright prospects emerge.
This can make a person seem superficial and frivolous. But that's not true. He is capable of deep feelings, sincere affection, primarily to his family and friends. He needs close people, love and friendship. His actions are usually altruistic.
He has an excellent intuitive sense of those around him, especially their attitude towards him, and reacts instantly and sincerely.
Possible tendency towards alcoholism.
Real losses and serious troubles are very difficult to bear - breakdowns and depression are possible
E.Z., 18 years old. Talented. He draws very well. At times she is lively and cheerful, then suddenly she seems to “go limp in her chair.” He lowers his head down, his facial expression becomes disappointed and sad. The next second she is already in the center of some events, her voice stands out sharply from all the voices. Also in studies. Either she is actively engaged in concentration, then suddenly her attention switches to something else, and the activity seems to “take off with her hand.” He often quarrels with his classmates, but immediately makes up with ease. If the conflict could not be resolved immediately, he will worry deeply and try to rectify the situation.
- It is necessary to teach such a person to accept himself - to understand that a fragile child lives inside him - a delicate pink flower. This child in yourself needs to be understood, protected and admonished.
- Automotive training is required.
- It is advisable to recommend accustoming yourself to a contrast shower.
- We must learn to distinguish between a spiritual (reasonable) and an emotional being, more often identifying with the first, learn to cultivate rationality and analyticity in ourselves: cause - consequences. You need to love the emotional part of yourself, but treat it somewhat detached.
- It is useful to keep a diary in which you note each time when a change in mood occurred and why it happened. In the evening, review and analyze the recordings. With this analysis, one can imagine that these are the actions and reactions of another person. How then does the attitude towards these actions change? It is also helpful to journal about this and reflect on it.
- You shouldn’t fight the elements of emotions, but you need to learn to manage them - laugh 3 minutes a day for no reason, enter into different roles with different emotional states - this will help to trace the mechanism of occurrence of a particular emotion.
Sensitive type |
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Since childhood, such a person is not very sociable, shy, anxious, characterized by fears (of spiders, dogs, darkness, loneliness), and hypersensitivity. Tendency to exhaustion (asthenic traits). They are impressionable, responsive to any external assessment, deeply experience failure and failure, getting stuck on their experiences. When communicating with them, one must not allow rudeness, insults, or accusations, especially false ones. In childhood, they are distinguished by a very rapidly developing morality (increased sense of duty, responsibility, super control). Adults have very high moral demands on themselves. A very deep and vulnerable type. They are characterized by self-doubt and increased conscientiousness.
Such people avoid big companies, are not inclined to communicate easily with strangers. But among people among whom they feel safe, they are quite sociable. Great affection for family. Entering new team painful for them, but then having gotten used to it, they are extremely reluctant to move to another. Inspections and reporting periods are unbearably painful and alarming for them.
M.S., 19 years old. She is very shy and is perceived by others as “strange”. Communication is difficult - those around her often do not understand her high moral demands, and she does not understand the immoral behavior of her peers. She is drawn to art, is passionate about theater and reading. Spiritually developed. She is inclined towards philosophy. At the same time, she is tormented by fears. Sometimes she is afraid to be alone at home, despite her age. She devotes her free time to study or cultural events.
There is a tendency to become tearful, usually when making too harsh remarks. People of this type are very afraid of the rudeness of others. Overcompensation is possible, expressed by excessive diligence, which exhausts them. In general, they tend to work as expected, following instructions.
In a situation of failure, a feeling of personal insufficiency and inferiority may develop. If you fall in love, sometimes it ends sadly. Representatives of this type prefer not to talk about their love, often believing that they are unworthy of their chosen one.
In adolescence, they do not experience typical problems of the transition period, but there are unexpected behavioral reactions (inappropriate behavior - very high self-esteem).
If such a person is haunted by failure (or a chain of failures), suicide may follow (as in a cycloid in the subdepressive stage).
Reproaches and moralizing cause remorse and even despair, instead of protest.
- You should be extremely careful and tactful with people of this type.
- It is necessary to work with self-esteem, to identify fears, as well as deep work with the revision and rethinking of the value system, since too high and impossible demands on oneself can cause neurosis
- The recommendations given for the hypothymic and psychasthenic types also apply to this type.
Hypothymic (dysthymic) type |
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Representatives of this type are characterized by a low mood and a tendency to see their surroundings in black. A constant joyless feeling limits their activity. Increased sensitivity to troubles, anxious anticipation of misfortunes.
Joy is poisoned by thoughts about its fragility, that it will soon pass and everything will be bad again. He does not experience joy, because he immediately transfers himself to his gloomy future.
Such people often feel that others look down on them or treat them with contempt. They constantly feel guilty about something.
Because of all this, they can avoid others and withdraw into themselves (but this is not schizoid autism). At the same time, they are quite responsive to calls for help, but they themselves reveal themselves in a very narrow circle that they trust. They become very attached to the person to whom they have opened up and can be very intrusive; at the same time they become dependent on this person.
The need for love, understanding, friendship, and sympathy is clearly expressed. These people need support, positive assessment, reassurance that they are needed, exceptional and important.
A-dr. S. Calls himself a “dark person.” He has virtually no friends, is always misunderstood by everyone, wears only black clothes, writes poetry with severe depressive content, gloomy themes are constantly repeated, “overplayed.” We are constantly overcome by thoughts of suicide. He eats very little and suffers from insomnia and headaches. Abuses alcohol in hopes of numbing anxiety. This man is torn apart internal conflicts. Constantly in search of an understanding, approving person.
This type often causes difficulties for psychologists, since often it is the psychologist who becomes the person they want to follow, in whom they look for support, and then such accentuators look for different ways attract the attention of a specialist, try to increase the number of classes, complaining about severe mental condition. In this regard, it is very important for a psychologist to track the line between real problems and simulation, accompanied by attempts to manipulate him.
Dysthymics are fully aware of their bad mood, self-absorption and even some insensitivity, and this bothers them (unlike schizoids, who do not feel this).
In what they have to do, dysthymics see only bad things, only difficulties; to long-term volitional effort incapable, indecisive. Quite slow (internal inhibition predominates). Frequent migraines, constipation, poor night sleep and daytime sleepiness. Poor appetite, dizziness.
Fearful, thoughtful, whiny in childhood. There may be psychotic outbursts (manic or depressive). A related group is psychasthenics.
Hypothymic people are responsible at work and you can rely on their word. With overcompensation, insolence and excitability are possible, and the greater the fearfulness, the stronger the excitability (with access to somatic stigmas: “signs” on the body, local redness of the skin, ulcerations, pimples).
Thinking is well developed. The style of thinking is verbal. They rely on the word, a semantic basis, and meaningful analysis.
Stop reactions may occur under stress. Activity is blocked, and often such people become thoughtless followers.
The defense mechanism is refusal of self-realization and strengthening of consciousness control.
- Such people need to communicate more. Although this can be very difficult to achieve. Very often they make a depressing impression on people, which is why, for obvious reasons, the group tries to oust them.
- They need it more than anyone else healthy image life. Gymnastics and contrast showers will improve your tone and distract you from gloomy thoughts.
- Laughter is the best medicine. We must provoke them to laugh, because this is such a rarity for them.
- Praise them more. For every task, for every piece completed, for everything you can praise - don’t be stingy, these people cannot be over-praised.
- Be sure to work with self-esteem. Help this person to love himself, let him answer the questions: “what is attractive about me,” “how can I be interesting to others.” Do not be discouraged if at first you hear the answer: “Nothing.” Patience and work - and he will definitely begin to see his positive qualities. Every person has resources that help overcome all difficulties.
- Self-hypnosis: “My affairs are getting better every day in every way,” “I am sweet, kind and wonderful.”
One of the most socially difficult types for others. But you shouldn’t perceive him only in this form. As has already been said, each type of accentuation can be directed in a socially useful direction, in each one can find something valuable that makes a person this particular person, and valuable to us for these very reasons. unique qualities. In addition, it is the epileptoid type that is one of the strongest male characters. “The man is like a bull, what a whim will get into his head...” - this is just about him. However, insufficiently correctly oriented epileptoid accentuation can make communication difficult.
Since childhood, such children cry a lot, and nothing can calm them down. Strong, capricious, angry, he does everything as if on purpose. In a children's company, he does not even pretend to be a leader, but to the role of a ruler: he dictates everything and everything is in his favor. Childish thriftiness of clothes, toys, everything “of one’s own.” It is impossible to take anything away from him - he is ready to kill for his own.
At school there are neat notebooks and meticulous attention to detail, but this doesn’t help much in studying. In adolescence, he is dangerous: he easily falls into uncontrollable rage, like an animal, then his face becomes filled with blood, he tries to hit the genitals, becomes cruel, indifferent to the weakness and helplessness of the enemy. He just doesn't look at it, so he also attacks the one who surpasses him in strength.
Such teenagers have a hard time experiencing emancipation.
Difficult relationship with parents. He adjusts when he needs to, and will be soulless when he needs something else. A teenager of this type (and then an adult) demands not only independence, but also his “rights” and his “share”, and may begin to hate his parents. In case of conflict, they are vindictive (they remember the insult for a long time, then they will take revenge, sometimes after decades)). As adults, they can break off relations with their parents. Claim rights to living space, material goods. They only collect what they have material value.
They are aggressive, like to put pressure on the weaker, dependent, and have a soft character. Those who resist them are in a more advantageous position. Epileptoids love strength. Sometimes they treat their superiors servilely and are ready to please, but only as long as they need it. When cooperation with a superior person becomes unprofitable, the epileptoid will gladly assist in his overthrow.
Epileptoids tend to be suspicious, picky, sticky, and fixated on feelings and relationships. . They are conflicting. Tension and anger in communication are often observed. They do not know how to compromise at all, and are not familiar with the art of argument - the ability to listen to another point of view, much less consider different points vision. When the epileptoid took up the dispute, the only thing possible reaction– listen to him to the end and do not enter into a discussion with him.
Their existence is accompanied by a melancholy and angry mood; they are characterized by explosiveness, self-centeredness and pedantry. The epileptoid constantly accumulates anger, dissatisfaction, irritation, and then a random drop can cause an uncontrollable explosion. The detente is angry and slow to pass. They boil slowly - over several hours, sometimes days. This is followed by violent affect, after which the dysphoria slowly emerges. Affect is characterized by unbridled rage - cynical abuse, severe beatings, threats of harm to others, and sometimes to oneself.
Sometimes they themselves look for reasons for quarrels, fights, and bullying others. An increased experience of the “evil melancholy” type is possible, during which such a person needs to find someone on whom to take his anger out. They react very sharply to comments and do not tolerate criticism.
The style of behavior is dominated by pettiness, stinginess, protection of only one’s own, personal, and with cruel reactions even if there is a suspicion of an attempt on one’s own. Sometimes all of the above is combined with hypocrisy, hypocrisy, even some sweetness - with their harshness and cruelty, diminutive words can be used in speech. For them, there are no authorities - when there is a looming benefit, they drown the one they fawned over.
The desire for power is highly developed. If the husband in the family is an epileptoid, he puts pressure on his wife and children. Tries to subdue them. As a boss, he establishes a strict disciplinary regime, commands everyone, interferes in everything, and interprets everything in his favor. He is more often feared than respected. He cannot stand others’ own opinions or criticism of him, he is inclined to blame himself and never admits his guilt. He is vindictive.
An epileptoid should never be given power. In this case, he will bully everyone who is nearby, imposing on them his strictly established order.
There may be excesses in the sexual sphere - they are very selfish, love themselves. It is characterized by the intensity of instinctive life, strong sexual attraction. The only thing holding him back is the “fear of infection”, so they are not inclined to have casual relationships. Love is always tinged with dark, heavy jealousy, he is very suspicious, and never forgives betrayal.
Prone to early alcoholism. They drink a lot until they pass out. No remorse, no sympathy.
With solid upbringing, their negative traits can be given a positive connotation (thrift, housekeeping, perseverance, neatness, active fight against crime, sporting achievements).
M.H. 18 years. Before the examination, it was difficult to imagine that this friendly, always cheerful, very neat young man could have such high rates of epileptoid accentuation. The examinations were carried out one after another with the same result. In the process of work, it turned out that epileptoidism is indeed inherent in this young man, but it manifests itself in a zealous attitude towards order in the house, which is why conflicts with relatives often occur; he does not have problems in other areas of his life. He readily agreed that such housekeeping was difficult for those around him, and from then on he began to pay attention to his behavior and control it, knowing his weak points.
The epileptoid is conflicted externally and conflict-free internally. He is the only one for himself good man.
It works clearly, simply, realistically, but without flights of fancy. Creativity and creativity are inaccessible to him. As a rule, conservative and conformist. He hates everything that differs from his views.
Sometimes he is sentimental. Many representatives of this accentuation love music and singing and receive special sensual pleasure from this. They generally have good sleep and appetite.
Thinking slowly but carefully. Distinctive feature– sobriety of thought, convincing argumentation, adherence to principles, commitment to one’s point of view.
Defense Mechanisms:
1) rationalization with devaluation of the object of frustrated need - when such a person cannot achieve something, he devalues it in his own eyes.
2) reacting outwardly in an externally accusing manner (when he gives vent to anger). At the same time, he attributes to others those qualities that are characteristic of himself.
- The most important thing is to teach such a person to be more patient and friendly.
Exercise smile. A person must accustom himself to having a warm, friendly smile as his usual expression. If there is no smile, then the face should express readiness for it. This is impossible without feeling an inner smile. Otherwise, instead of a smile, you will get an animal grin.
Exercise “Peace be with you.” This is an internal phrase, an attitude. When meeting a person, he must sincerely say to himself “peace be with you.” This phrase must be given to another with all your soul, with all your heart. It is especially worth repeating this phrase to yourself during arguments. But getting an epileptoid to do such an exercise is not easy. You will need the entire arsenal of your creativity, talent, patience and desire to help this person.
- “Transfer of initiative in conversation.” Let him learn to listen actively, sincerely, interestedly and without interrupting. This is very difficult for him, the more important it is to understand the need to correct this trait.
Self-assessment: a person with epitheptoid accentuation must learn to understand how others feel from his behavior? If someone has made a mistake, draw their attention not to the fact of the mistake, but to your reaction. It is very difficult for an epileptoid to put himself in the place of another.
- “Cloud in pants” - teach him to speak more quietly, softly and less. "Feel like a cloud."
- “Approval” is necessary to be able to sometimes agree in a dispute, and not object - “You do it cleverly.” Model different types of disputes and conflicts with all sorts of possible ways out of them.
- “The thunderstorm is cancelled” - the epileptoid must understand that if it is difficult for him to restrain negative emotions, then it is difficult for those around him to endure them. Teach not to swear and forgive. How long could he stand in the place of his family and friends?
Exercise “sage” - the ability to lose and contemplate. Before you make a noise, you should ask yourself, “How would a wise person react to this?”
Self-hypnosis slogans: “Business is for man, not man for business,” just like “Order is for man, not man for order” - the well-being of people is more important than the work done or not done. “You cannot make those who are far away happy by making those near you unhappy”
Exercise - “I through the eyes of others”
Each person has a unique set of emotions and feelings that determine his behavior (see). It is impossible to find two people who react identically at a certain moment. After all, how a person responds to different types of stimuli creates an overall picture of an individual’s character.
There are times when it is impossible to accurately determine the character due to the constant variability of the reaction. This manifestation of behavior is called a labile personality type. More often, instability of character is observed in adolescents, which in most cases is only a temporary deviation and goes away as they grow older. However, too frequent unpredictable mood swings are symptoms of significant psychological disturbances.
In this article we will describe in detail the features of the manifestation of a labile personality type, and also give some useful psychological recommendations.
Important to remember! If your teenager experiences frequent unstable behavior, be sure to consult an experienced psychotherapist. Don't try to solve the problem yourself.
Psychological features of the manifestation of labile type of accentuation
A manifestation of a labile type of character is unpredictability of reactions and frequent mood swings that defy standard logical explanation. In this case, there is a psychological component to the problem, when a person cannot consciously control emotions.
Such manifestations are observed in adolescence, which is explained by the characteristics of growing up. But in the case of extremely frequent and sharp changes in behavior, there may be initial stage formation of a labile type. In this case, unimportant factors become the causes of mood changes. For example, heavy rain or a broken nail can plunge a person into a state of extreme despondency or cause an attack of aggression, which abruptly gives way to laughter due to some pleasant memory or heard joke.
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When speaking frankly during a psychological session, people with this personality type may exhibit several inconsistent mood swings within a few minutes.
Accentuation features
TO negative manifestations character include the following aspects:
- hot temper;
- high level of conflict;
- undeveloped self-control;
- hysterical attacks of crying or laughing;
- pugnacity;
- sudden attacks of apathy.
The relationship with the outside world and the person’s personal preferences: sleep, appetite, concentration (see ), performance depend on what mood a person experiences.
Despite a wide range of negative manifestations, a person with a labile personality type is often distinguished by good nature and sincerity. When choosing a friend, a person with such a character pays attention to his ability to create comfortable conditions with mood changes. Friendship for him is determined by a deep psychological attachment to those who are dear to him. A person reacts positively to flattery, gratitude, and praise without expressed complacency.
Health status
As a rule, the formation of a labile character type begins in early adolescence. Due to certain characteristics of the body during the period of growing up, almost all children are characterized by emotional instability.
A distinctive feature of the labile personality type in adolescents is the high incidence of infectious pathologies. Such children often suffer from pneumonia, sore throat, acute respiratory viral infections, and inflammation of the urinary and gallbladder. These diseases have chronic form course with constant relapses.
Adults do not have a high degree of pain, but in some cases increased susceptibility to infectious diseases remains.
Important! Variable emotionality and frequent illnesses in a child are not a direct indicator of character lability. To establish a diagnosis, be sure to consult an experienced doctor.
Cognitive abilities
This type of character is distinguished not only by its unpredictability of reactions, but also low level self-control. IN early age learning abilities are poorly developed (see), which has an extremely negative impact on a person’s further knowledge and skills. Teenagers react painfully to comments from adults (parents, teachers). The response to criticism may be crying or insults. Also, depending on the situation, the child’s reaction can be quite positive.
IN further person with a labile type of character it is difficult to settle down in a team and conduct normal work activities. However, if the work is truly interesting, he will be fully involved in the process without the slightest sign of instability.
In order to establish positive contact, you must adhere to the following recommendations:
- avoid conflict situations;
- do not resort to aggressive methods of influence;
- find out the reason for changes in mood and feelings;
- encourage and praise in every possible way;
- console and empathize as much as possible;
- find interesting activity, which will completely captivate a person;
- do not take mood changes personally (see).
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Conclusion
Unstable behavior and frequent mood swings are a manifestation of character lability. More often, the causes of emotional changes are minor factors. In order to establish a relationship with such a person, it is necessary to protect him as much as possible from external stimuli, providing support and understanding.
Labile type. In childhood, they do not show differences from their peers or show a tendency to neurotic reactions. Main feature in adolescence - extreme lability of mood, which changes too often and excessively sharply for insignificant or even unnoticeable reasons for others. An unflattering word spoken by someone or an unfriendly glance from a random interlocutor can suddenly plunge you into a gloomy mood without any serious troubles or failures. And vice versa, interesting conversation, a fleeting compliment, tempting but unrealistic prospects heard from someone can instill cheerfulness and cheerfulness and even distract from real troubles until they somehow remind you of themselves. During frank and exciting conversations, you can see either tears ready to well up in your eyes or a joyful smile.
Everything depends on your mood at the moment: well-being, appetite, performance, and sociability. According to the mood, the future is either painted with rainbow colors, or appears dull and hopeless, and the past appears either as a chain of pleasant memories, or entirely consisting of failures and injustices. And the everyday environment seems sometimes cute and interesting, sometimes boring and ugly.
Unmotivated mood swings can create an impression of superficiality and frivolity among others. However, these teenagers are distinguished by deep feelings, sincere affection for those from whom they see love, care and attention. Attachments remain, despite the ease and frequency of fleeting quarrels. The loss of loved ones is very difficult to bear. Loyal friendship is no less characteristic. They prefer to be friends with those who, in moments of sadness and dissatisfaction, are able to console and distract, in times of attacks - to protect, and in moments of uplifting - to share joy and fun, to satisfy the need for empathy. They love companies and new surroundings, but unlike hypertims, they do not look for a field of activity, but only new impressions. Sensitivity to all kinds of signs of attention, gratitude, praise and encouragement, which bring sincere joy, is not combined with arrogance or conceit.
Emancipatory aspirations are expressed moderately. They intensify if they are fueled by an unfavorable family environment - they rush out of the house if “everything spoils the mood” there.
The desire to group with peers is also changeable: in good moments they look for company, in bad moments they avoid communication. In a group of peers, they never pretend to be a leader, willingly content with the position of a favorite and spoiled child, cared for and protected by others. Hobbies are limited to the information and communication type (see Chapter I), sometimes amateur artistic activities, and even some pets (their own dog is especially attractive, which serves as a lightning rod for emotions during mood swings). Both hobbies and peer group activities can be used as ways to improve mood.
Sexual activity is usually limited to flirting and courtship. Attraction remains undifferentiated for a long time and deviation onto the path of transient teenage homosexuality is easily possible. But sexual excesses are always avoided.
A kind of selective intuition allows such teenagers to quickly feel how others treat them, determining at the first contact who is disposed towards them, and who harbors at least a drop of ill will and hostility. The response arises immediately and without any attempt to hide it.
Self-esteem is distinguished by sincerity and the ability to correctly note the traits of one’s character.
"Weak link" in character of this type is emotional rejection from significant persons in this regard, loss of loved ones or separation from those to whom they were attached.
This type of accentuation is often combined with harmonious psychophysical infantilism, as well as with autonomic lability and a tendency to allergic diseases.
The peculiarities of the dynamics of labile accentuation are distinguished by the fact that this type is the basis for acute affective reactions, reactive depression, as well as the development of neuroses, especially neurasthenia.
With age, the features of emotional lability can be smoothed out - obvious accentuation turns into latent. Sometimes, due to the fact that some endogenous mechanisms come into play, mood swings increasingly take on the character of short phases - the labile type of accentuation turns into labile-cycloid. Just as with the hyperthymic type, repeated craniocerebral injuries can turn emotional lability into affective (“labile-explosive type”), while character deviation usually reaches a pathological level - psychopathy is formed. When raised from childhood in an atmosphere of indulgent hyperprotection, emotionally labile subjects encounter in adolescence and at a young age with constant difficulties of social adaptation, are capable of increasingly acquiring hysterical traits (“labile hysteroids”). Long-term unfavorable environment with unfriendly attention from the immediate environment can contribute to layering sensitive traits(“labile-sensitive type”). Even more likely, this can be achieved through emotional rejection and bullying from loved ones. If emotional rejection is combined with hyperprotection, then the teenager may seek emotional contacts in asocial companies, and then the unstable core is layered with traits of an unstable type.
Alexander M., 16 years old. Since childhood, I often suffered from sore throats. Two years ago I suffered from acute articular rheumatism and spent several months in the hospital. Studying satisfactorily. After graduating from 8th grade, he entered a technical school. He is very attached to his parents. Six months ago, his mother died of cancer - he took her death very hard, cried for a long time. I forced myself to go to classes, but studying became very difficult. At this time, the thought first occurred that it was better to die himself (“I stayed to live for my father”). Having entered the technical school, he became very attached to a classmate who showed warm attention and care to him, and fell in love with her. I recently found out that my father is going to get married again. I was stunned by this and begged my father not to do this. The next day I heard from the girl I loved that she had long had a friend whom she loved and who lived far away. I felt rejected and alone by everyone. There was a desire to “leave this life” myself. At home, being alone, I collected all the painkillers and sleeping pills left from my mother, took them, lay down and fell asleep. His father returned and found him unconscious.
After detoxification, he was transferred from the intensive care center to a teenage psychiatric clinic.
In childhood, labile adolescents, as a rule, do not particularly stand out among their peers. Only some people show a tendency to neurotic reactions. However, almost everyone’s childhood is filled with infectious diseases caused by opportunistic flora. Frequent sore throats, continuous “colds”, chronic pneumonia, rheumatism, pyelocystitis, cholecystitis and other diseases, although they do not occur in severe forms, tend to take a protracted and recurrent course. Perhaps the “somatic infantilization” factor plays a role important role in many cases, the formation of a labile type.
The main feature of the labile type is extreme mood variability. This is its significant difference from the “unstable” type, which is similar in name, in which the main defect falls on volitional sphere. As you know, mood variability is generally characteristic of a teenager. To some extent, they are all endowed with emotional lability. Therefore, diagnosing this type in adolescence is a difficult, but still feasible task. We can talk about the emerging formation of a labile type in cases where the mood changes too often and too abruptly, and the reasons for these fundamental changes are insignificant. An unflattering word spoken by someone, a falling rain, or a button coming off a suit can plunge you into a dull and gloomy mood in the absence of any serious troubles or failures. At the same time, some pleasant conversation, interesting news, a fleeting compliment, a well-placed suit, heard from someone, although unrealistic, but tempting prospects can lift the mood, even distract from real troubles, until they again remind you of themselves in some way. During a psychiatric examination, during frank and exciting conversations, when you have to touch on the most different sides life, over the course of half an hour you can see more than once tears ready to well up and soon a joyful smile.
Mood is characterized not only by frequent and sudden changes, but also by their significant depth. at this moment depends on well-being, appetite, sleep, ability to work, and the desire to be alone or only with a loved one, or to rush into a noisy society, in company, with people. According to the mood, the future is sometimes painted with rainbow colors, sometimes it appears gray and dull, and the past appears, sometimes as a chain of pleasant memories, sometimes it seems entirely consisting of failures, mistakes and injustices. The same people, the same environment seem either sweet, interesting and attractive, or boring, boring and ugly, endowed with all sorts of shortcomings.
Unmotivated changes in mood sometimes create the impression of superficiality and frivolity. But this judgment is not true. Representatives of the labile type are capable of deep feelings, great and sincere affection. This is primarily reflected in their attitude towards family and friends, but only towards those from whom they themselves feel love, care and participation. Affection for them remains, despite the ease and frequency of fleeting quarrels.
Devoted friendship is no less characteristic of labile teenagers. They spontaneously look for a psychotherapist in a friend. They prefer to be friends with someone who, in moments of sadness and dissatisfaction, is able to distract, console, tell something interesting, encourage, convince that “everything is not so scary,” but at the same time, in moments of emotional upsurge, it is easy to respond to joy and fun , satisfy the need for empathy.
Labile teenagers are very sensitive to all kinds of signs of attention, gratitude, praise and encouragement - all this gives them sincere joy, but does not at all induce arrogance or conceit. Blame, condemnation, reprimands, and lectures are deeply felt and can lead to hopeless despondency. Labile teenagers endure real troubles, losses, and misfortunes extremely hard, showing a tendency to reactive depression and severe neurotic breakdowns.
The emancipation reaction in labile adolescents is expressed very moderately. They feel good in the family if they feel love, warmth and comfort there. Emancipatory activity manifests itself in the form of short outbursts, caused by the vagaries of mood and usually interpreted by adults as simple stubbornness. However, the emancipation reaction becomes more constant and directed if it is fueled by an unfavorable family situation. The craving for grouping with peers is also subject to mood changes: in good moments Labile teenagers look for company, while bad teenagers avoid communication. In a peer group, they do not pretend to be the leader, but rather seek emotional contacts; They are willingly content with the position of a favorite and darling, who is looked after and protected by more scrupulous friends.
The hobby reaction of labile adolescents is usually limited to the types of hobbies that we have designated as informational-communicative and egocentric. The intoxicating excitement of games and the scrupulous meticulousness of collecting, and the persistent improvement of strength, dexterity, skills, and the heights of refined intellectual and aesthetic pleasures are alien to them. Moreover, they do not claim leadership. Communication with friends, amateur artistic activities, and even some pets ( for the most part own dog) are the kind of hobbies that provide an easy outflow of emotional energy that fills them at the time of mood swings. But no hobby lasts too long and is soon replaced by another.
Sexual activity is usually limited to flirting and courtship, and attraction remains poorly differentiated, as a result of which a deviation towards the path of transient teenage homosexuality is possible. But labile teenagers always try to avoid excessive sexual excesses.
Self-esteem is distinguished by sincerity. Labile teenagers are well aware of the characteristics of their character, they know that they are “people of mood” and that everything depends on their mood. Being aware of the weaknesses of their nature, they do not try to hide or obscure anything, but, as it were, invite others to accept them as they are. In the way those around them treat them, they reveal a surprisingly good intuition - immediately, at the first contact, they sense who is disposed towards them, who is indifferent, and who harbors at least a drop of ill will or hostility. The response arises immediately and without attempts to hide it.
The degree of severity of emotional lability in adolescence usually does not exceed the level of obvious accentuation. Cases of labile accentuation come under the supervision of a psychiatrist when mental trauma or a difficult situation causes acute affective reactions (sometimes suicidal behavior), reactive depression, and severe neurotic states. The focus of attention is usually on these reactions themselves and the traumas that caused them, while the personality and character traits that determine the ease of such breakdowns often remain in the shadows.
In childhood, labile adolescents, as a rule, are not particularly distinguished by their peers. Only in. Some people show a tendency to neurotic reactions. However, almost everyone has a childhood filled with infectious diseases caused by opportunistically pathogenic flora. Frequent sore throats, continuous “colds”, chronic pneumonia, rheumatism, pyelocystitis, cholecystitis and other diseases, although they do not occur in severe forms, tend to take a protracted and recurrent course. Perhaps the factor of “somatic infantilization” plays an important role in many cases of the formation of labile typing of a labile type.
The main feature of the labile type is extreme mood variability. This is its significant difference from the “unstable” type, which is similar in name, in which the main defect falls on the volitional sphere. As known It is known that mood variability is generally characteristic of a teenager. To some extent, they are all endowed with emotional lability. Therefore, diagnosing this type in adolescence is a difficult, but still feasible task. One can talk about the emerging formation of a labile type in cases where the mood changes too often and too abruptly, and there are reasons for it. THESE fundamental changes can be insignificant. Someone said an unflattering word, it began to rain, a button came off a suit. Capable of being immersed in a dull and gloomy mood in the absence of any serious troubles or failures. At the same time, some pleasant conversation, interesting news, a passing compliment, a suit worn for the occasion, heard from someone, although unrealistic, but tempting prospects could lift the mood, even distract from real troubles, until they again . They will NOT remind you of themselves in any way. During psychiatric examinations, during frank and exciting conversations, when one has to touch on various aspects of life, over the course of half an hour one can see more than once tears ready to flow and soon joyful ones. SMILE a joyful smile.
moods are characterized not only by frequent and abrupt changes, but also by their significant depth. The mood of a given moment depends on well-being, appetite, sleep, ability to work, and the desire to be alone or only with a loved one, or to rush into a noisy society, in a company, with people. According to the mood, the future is sometimes painted with rainbow colors, sometimes it appears gray and dull, and the past appears, sometimes as a chain of pleasant memories, sometimes it seems entirely consisting of failures, mistakes and injustices. The same people, the same environment seem either sweet, interesting and attractive, or boring, boring and ugly, endowed with all sorts of shortcomings.
Unmotivated changes in mood sometimes create the impression of superficiality and frivolity. But this judgment is not true. Representatives of the labile type. Capable of deep feelings, great affection and sincere affection. This primarily affects their attitude towards family and friends, but... Only to those from whom they themselves feel love, care and participation. Affection for them remains, despite the ease and frequency of fleeting ones. USNssor.
Devoted friendship is no less characteristic of labile teenagers. Secondly, they spontaneously look for a psychotherapist. They prefer to be friends with someone who, in moments of sadness and dissatisfaction, is able to distract, console, tell them something interesting, encourage, convince that “everything is not so scary,” but at the same time, in moments of emotional upsurge, it is easy to respond to joy and fun, satisfy the need to compete and experience.
Labile teenagers are very sensitive to all kinds of signs of attention, gratitude, praise and encouragement -. All this gives them sincere joy, but does not at all induce arrogance or conceit. Reprimands, condemnations, reprimands, lectures are deeply felt and... The real troubles, losses, and misfortunes labile teenagers endure are capable of invading hopeless despondency. It is extremely difficult to show a tendency to reactive depression and severe neurotic breakdowns.
The emancipation reaction in labile adolescents is expressed very moderately. They feel good in the family if they feel love, warmth and comfort there. Emancipatory activity manifests itself in the form of short outbursts, caused by the vagaries of mood and usually interpreted by adults as simple stubbornness. However, the emancipation reaction becomes more constant and directed if it is fueled by an unfavorable family situation. The craving for grouping with peers is also subject to changes in mood: in good moments, labile adolescents seek company, while bad ones avoid social interaction. In a peer group, they do not pretend to be the leader, but rather seek emotional contacts; willingly content themselves with the position of a favorite and... A spoiled one, who is looked after and protected by his more stenish friends.
The hobbies reaction of labile adolescents is usually limited to the types of hobbies we have designated as informational-communicative and egocentric. The excitement of games and scrupulous meticulousness are foreign and intoxicating to them. Collecting, and persistent improvement of strength, dexterity, skills, and the height of refined intellectual and aesthetic pleasures. Especially. They do not claim leadership. Communication with friends, amateur artistic activities, and even some pets (mostly my own dog) belong to this type of hobby. Which provide an easy outflow of emotional energy, filling them at the time of mood swings. But none of the hobbies lasts too long and soon gives way to others.
Sexual activity is usually limited to flirting and courtship, and attraction remains poorly differentiated, as a result of which a deviation towards the path of transient adolescence is possible. Homosexuality and. But labile teenagers always try to avoid excessive sexual excesses.
Self-esteem is distinguished by sincerity. Labile teenagers are well aware of the characteristics of their character, they know that they are “people of mood” and that everything depends on their mood. Being aware of the weaknesses of our nature. They do not try to hide or obscure anything, but seem to invite others to accept them as they are, in the way others treat them, they reveal surprisingly good intuition - immediately, at the first contact, I feel who is disposed towards them, who is indifferent , and in anyone who harbors even a drop of ill will or hostility, a reciprocal attitude arises immediately and without attempts to hide it.
The severity of emotional lability in adolescence usually does not exceed the level of obvious accentuation. Cases of labile accentuation come under the supervision of a psychiatrist when mental trauma or a difficult situation causes acute affective reactions (sometimes suicidal behavior), reactive depression, and severe neurotic states. The focus of attention is usually on themselves. These reactions and the trauma that caused them, and the personality, character traits that determine the ease of such breakdowns, often remain in the shadows.