Alexander was born on June 8 (21), 1910 in the village of Zagorye, which is located in the Smolensk province. The father of the future poet, Trifon Gordeevich, worked as a blacksmith, and his mother, Maria Mitrofanovna, was from a family of farmers who lived on the outskirts of the country and guarded its borders.
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky
The future poet studied at a rural school. He began writing poetry quite early, and at the age of 14, Alexander sent small notes to Smolensk newspapers and some of them were published.
M. Isakovsky from the editorial office of the newspaper “Rabochy Put” helped the young poet and had a great influence on him.
Smolensk-Moscow
After graduating from school, Alexander moves to Smolensk in order to find a job or continue his studies. However, nothing worked out for him.
Tvardovsky began to live on inconsistent literary earnings, which he received for beating the thresholds of the editorial office. One day the magazine “October” publishes the poet’s poems and he goes to Moscow, but even here he young guy nothing works out, so he goes back to Smolensk. He stayed here for 6 years, and in 1936 he was admitted to MIFLI.
In 1936, his poem “The Country of Ant” was published, after which the poet himself believed that his path as a writer began with it. After the book was published, Alexander moved to Moscow and graduated from MIFLI in 1939. In the same year, his first collection of poems by Tvardovsky, “Rural Chronicle,” was published.
War years and creativity
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was drafted into the Red Army in 1939. His work and biography in this moment changes greatly as he finds himself at the center of the fighting on Western Belarus. When the war with Finland began, he already had an officer rank, and also worked as a special correspondent for a military newspaper.
During the war he wrote the poem “Vasily Terkin”, and after it he created a sequence of poems “Front Chronicle”. In 1946, Tvardovsky therefore completed “House by the Road,” which mentions the initial tragic months Great Patriotic War.
Poem by Vasily Terkin
In 1950-60, the book “Beyond the Distance, the Distance” was written, and in 1947 he published a poem about the past war, which he gave the title “Motherland and Foreign Land.
For attempting to publish the book “Terkin in the Next World” and publishing journalistic articles by V. Pomerantsev, F. Abramov, M. Lifshits, M. Shcheglova in the “New World”, Alexander Tvardovsky was removed from the post of editor-in-chief of the magazine in the fall of 1954 by decree of the CPSU Central Committee " New world».
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Death and legacy
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky died on December 18, 1971 from lung cancer. Buried famous poet in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Alexander Tvardovsky left behind a great literary heritage, some streets in Voronezh, Moscow, Smolensk, Novosibirsk were named after him.
1910 1971 Russian poet, Chief Editor magazine "New World" (1950 54, 1958 70). The poem "Vasily Terkin" (1941 45) is a vivid embodiment of the Russian character and national feelings of the era of the Great Patriotic War. In the poem "Beyond the Distance" (1953 60, Lenin Prize, 1961) and lyrics (book “From the lyrics of these years. 1959 67)”, 1967) thoughts about the movement of time, the artist’s duty, about life and death. The poem "Terkin in the Other World" (1963) contains a satirical image of the bureaucratic deadening of existence. In the final confessional poem “By the right of memory” (published in 1987) there is the pathos of the uncompromising truth about the time of Stalinism, about the tragic inconsistency spiritual world man of this time. Poems "The Country of Ant" (1936), "House by the Road" (1946); prose, critical articles. Tvardovsky’s lyrical epic enriched and updated the traditions of Russian classical poetry. USSR State Prizes (1941, 1946, 1947, 1971).
Biography
Born on June 8 (21 NS) in the village of Zagorye, Smolensk province, in the family of a blacksmith, a literate and even well-read man, in whose house books were not uncommon. The first acquaintance with Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Nekrasov took place at home, when winter evenings these books were read aloud. He started writing poetry very early. He studied at a rural school. At the age of fourteen, the future poet began sending small notes to Smolensk newspapers, some of which were published. Then he dared to send poetry. Isakovsky, who worked in the editorial office of the Rabochy Put newspaper, accepted young poet, helped him not only to get published, but also to develop as a poet, and influenced him with his poetry. After graduating from a rural school, the young poet came to Smolensk, but could not get a job not only to study, but also to work, because he did not have any specialty. I had to exist “on a pittance of literary earnings and knock on the doors of editorial offices.” When Svetlov published Tvardovsky’s poems in the Moscow magazine “October,” he came to Moscow, but “it turned out about the same as with Smolensk.”
In the winter of 1930 he returned to Smolensk again, where he spent six years. “It is to these years that I owe my poetic birth,” Tvardovsky later said. At this time, he entered the Pedagogical Institute, but left the third year and completed his studies at the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature (MIFLI), where he entered in the fall of 1936.
Tvardovsky’s works were published in 1931–1933, but he himself believed that it was only with the poem about collectivization “The Country of Ant” (1936) that he began as a writer. The poem was a success among readers and critics. The publication of this book changed the poet’s life: he moved to Moscow, graduated from MIFLI in 1939, and published a book of poems, “Rural Chronicle.”
In 1939, the poet was drafted into the Red Army and participated in the liberation Western Belarus. With the beginning of the war with Finland, already in officer rank, was a special correspondent for a military newspaper.
During the Great Patriotic War, the poem "Vasily Terkin" (1941 45) was created - a vivid embodiment of the Russian character and national patriotic feeling. According to Tvardovsky, “Terkin was... my lyrics, my journalism, a song and a teaching, an anecdote and a saying, a heart-to-heart conversation and a remark to the occasion.”
Almost simultaneously with “Terkin” and the poems of “Front-line Chronicle”, the poet began the poem “House by the Road” (1946), completed after the war.
In 1950 60 the poem “Beyond the Distance Distance” was written and in 1967 1969 the poem “By the Right of Memory”, which tells the truth about the fate of the poet’s father, who became a victim of collectivization, banned by censorship, published only in 1987.
Along with poetry, Tvardovsky always wrote prose. In 1947, a book about the past war was published under the general title “Motherland and Foreign Land.”
He also showed himself as a deep, insightful critic: the books “Articles and Notes on Literature” (1961), “The Poetry of Mikhail Isakovsky” (1969), articles on the work of S. Marshak, I. Bunin (1965).
For many years, Tvardovsky was the editor-in-chief of the New World magazine, courageously defending the right to publish every talented work that came to the editorial office. His help and support affected creative biographies such writers as Abramov, Bykov, Aitmatov, Zalygin, Troepolsky, Molsaev, Solzhenitsyn and others.
In 1910 in peasant family Russian writer and poet Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born. His father was a blacksmith. Mother was born into the family of a landowner who lived on the outskirts of the country and protected its borders. Brother Ivan later became a writer. Parents were literate people. There were many books in their house, so Alexander Trifonovich’s love for literature awoke in early childhood. He studied at an ordinary village school. My first poems, which I sent to local printed publications, wrote as a teenager.
Thanks to the efforts of the editor-in-chief M. Isakovsky, they were published in the Rabochy Put newspaper. Utopian ideas about collectivization and dispossession were expressed by Tvardovsky in his works “The Country of Ant” and “The Path to Socialism.” In 1939, Tvardovsky was drafted into the Red Army. During the war with Finland, he worked as a war correspondent. Then he continues to work in the Voronezh front-line newspaper “Red Army”. At this time, the poem “Vasily Terkin”, “Front-line Chronicle” was written.
For the story “Vasily Terkin” he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st and 2nd degree. Then the works “House by the Road”, “Motherland and Foreign Land” were written. “Beyond the Distance”. The book “By Right of Memory” was autobiographical, but was banned. After it was finally published in 1987, Alexander Trifonovich’s relations with the state leadership became complicated. Until 1970, he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine " New life" Thanks to him, such authors as Solzhenitsyn, Akhmatova, Troepolsky, Bunin and others were published. After Nikita Khrushchev resigned, Alexander Trifonovich had to part with the magazine. Tvardovsky died on December 18, 1971. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery.
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Biography of Tvardovsky interesting facts
In the summer of 1910, on a small farm near Smolensk, a boy was born into the family of Trifon Gordeevich and Maria Mitrofanovna Tvardovsky, who was named Alexander. In total, the parents had several children: the eldest, Konstantin, was born in 1908, and the youngest, Vasily, in 1922. As in any other large peasant family of that time, all the children helped their parents with hard work around the house, also all together learned to read and write. The father of the family was educated person Almost every evening, residents of nearby villages and hamlets gathered at the Tvardovskys’ house. The works of Russian writers such as Tolstoy, Turgenev, Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov were read here... Perhaps this is why the future writer began to compose poetry before he learned to write.
The beginning of Alexander Tvardovsky’s creative work is considered to be 1925, when his first work appeared in one of the local newspapers. poetic work called “New Hut”, although from the age of 14 he began sending articles and notes about rural life. Soon after this, an acquaintance took place young writer with Mikhail Isakovsky, who is on long years became his friend and mentor.
In 1928, as a 17-year-old youth, village correspondent Alexander Tvardovsky, having left his family, moved to Smolensk, which saved him from being deported along with his entire family to the Urals after dispossession. In Smolensk, he worked for some time as a freelance correspondent for one of the local newspapers called “Rabochy Put”. At the same time, he met his future wife, Maria, with whom he would live together for more than 40 years. In 1936, without graduating from the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute, he transferred to the 3rd year of MIFLI. Before moving to the capital, about 130 works by Tvardovsky were published in various Smolensk newspapers. Among them was his first great work"The Path to Socialism". However, the writer’s first serious literary success was the poem “The Country of Ant,” written in 1936, a work glorifying collectivization and collective farms.
After graduating from the institute, Tvardovsky was drafted into the army. Since 1939, he has served as a special correspondent for the newspaper “On Guard of the Motherland” in the Leningrad Military District, and with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the young correspondent was sent to the South- Western Front to the newspaper "Red Army", where twice he barely manages to escape encirclement and captivity. In the summer of 1942, the writer was transferred to the Western Front to work in the editorial office of Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda. It was during this period that the first chapters of “Vasily Terkin” appear. The author began working on this poem during Soviet-Finnish War. During the same period of time, work began on another large work, “Road House.”
After the end of the war, Tvardovsky worked, with a break of several years, as the editor-in-chief of Novy Mir, a magazine where many writers of the Thaw period were published. His new poems are being published: “By the right of memory”, “Beyond the distance - the distance”, poems: “To the Cosmonaut”, “That blood that was not shed in vain”, a cycle of poems “In Memory of the Mother”. Alexander Trifonovich is also known as a prose writer and critic; it is worth mentioning his book about the war “Motherland and Foreign Land,” as well as works and articles dedicated to creativity Isakovsky, Bunin and Marshak...
As the editor-in-chief of one of the central Soviet literary publications, Alexander Trifonovich for many years waged a heated debate with the editor of the magazine "October" Vsevolod Kochetov, who had connections in senior management countries. In 1970, under pressure from Glavlit, Tvardovsky was forced to resign as editor-in-chief and leave Novy Mir. This had a serious impact on the writer’s health; he suffered a stroke, and doctors discovered he had severe lung cancer. In the early winter of 1971, the writer dies.
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Tvardovsky short biography and his life
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky - famous writer, outstanding man Soviet times, winner of many prizes and awards.
Childhood
Born on June 8, 1910 in a simple peasant family. The father was a famous blacksmith. The future writer studied in an ordinary rural school, and a love of literature was instilled in little Alexander by his father, who was seriously interested in literature and read aloud many famous authors. In addition to Alexander, the family also raised another son, Ivan, who later also connected his life with literature and became a writer.
Creative path
The first poems were written by the young talent at the age of fourteen. The first voluminous poem, which received wide recognition from readers, was published in 1936.
Tvardovsky’s education covered subjects in the humanities, so he studied at pedagogical institute, and then at the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History.
Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” about the Russian heroic warrior, a soldier of the Great Patriotic War, brought great success and fame to Tvardovsky. Distinctive feature The poem is accurate, simple and at the same time expressive and quick change of events. This work is rightfully considered the main one in the writer’s work.
In the works of Tvardovsky great place Post-war poems, poems and stories are also occupied. A special place in Tvardovsky’s biography is occupied by the role of editor-in-chief of the New World magazine. He approached this matter with all his heart.
Family
Little is known about Tvardovsky’s family - his wife is Maria Gorelova, two daughters - Olga and Valentina.
Memory
The writer's life ended in December 1970. Streets in many Russian cities are named after Tvardovsky. A museum-estate was opened, a monument was erected. An artistic envelope was published in honor of the writer.
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Interesting Facts and dates from life
Brief biography of Alexander Tvardovsky
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is a Soviet writer and poet, winner of many awards, editor-in-chief of the New World magazine. Tvardovsky was born on June 8 (21), 1910 in the Smolensk province on the Zagorye farm. The writer's family, although peasant, always had a lot of books. Therefore, Alexander became addicted to them quite early and began writing poetry. At the age of 14, he was already leaving his notes in newspapers. M. V. Isakovsky liked his works, who became good friend and mentor to the young poet.
In 1931, his first poem entitled “The Path to Socialism” appeared in print. By that time, the writer’s entire family was dispossessed, and his native farm was burned. Despite this, he supported collectivization and Stalin's ideas. Since 1938, he became a member of the CPSU (b). A year later he was drafted into the Red Army, and also participated in Finnish war as a war correspondent. During the Great Patriotic War the most famous poem writer - "Vasily Terkin". This poem became the embodiment of Russian character and national patriotism.
In 1946, Tvardovsky completed work on the poem “House by the Road.” In the 1960s, the writer wrote the poem “By Right of Memory,” where he told the whole truth about the life of his father and the consequences of collectivization. This poem was banned from publication by censorship until 1987. Along with poetry, the writer was also fond of prose. So, in 1947, his book about the past war, “Motherland and Foreign Land,” was published. In the 1960s, the poet showed himself as a professional critic and wrote articles about the works of S. Marshak, M. Isakovsky, I. Bunin.
For many years, Tvardovsky was the editor-in-chief of the New World magazine. He boldly defended the rights of talented writers and their works. With his help, the works of such writers as Aitmatov, Solzhenitsyn, Abramov and others were allowed to be published. In 1970, the writer was forced to resign as editor. Left with him most of team. A. T. Tvardovsky died on December 18, 1971 from lung cancer. The poet was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
June 21 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the poet and writer Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky.
Poet, writer Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born on June 21 (08 according to the old style) June 1910 in the village of Zagorye, Smolensk province (now it is Pochinkovsky district Smolensk region). His father was a village blacksmith, a literate and very well-read man.
The poet's childhood occurred in the first post-revolutionary years, and in his youth he had the opportunity to learn from his own fate how collectivization was carried out. In the 1930s his father was “dispossessed” and expelled from his native village.
The poet's talent awoke in Alexander Tvardovsky in early childhood. In 1925, while still studying at a rural school, he began working in Smolensk newspapers as a rural correspondent, for which he wrote articles, essays, and sometimes published his own poems there. The first publication of the future poet - the note "How re-elections of cooperatives occur" was published on February 15, 1925 in the newspaper "Smolenskaya Derevnya".
Alexander Trifonovich was married. The marriage produced two children, daughters Valentina and Olga.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources.