Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (7/19.07.1893-14.04 1930) - an outstanding avant-garde poet, innovator, author of original lyrical works 20th century, who created the famous Mayakovsky ladder (a new rhythmic organization of verse). The poet’s work has always captivated with its sincerity and had many facets: love poetry, ministry of the poet of poetry, satire, patriotism, etc. The theme of love for the homeland is succinctly revealed in the poem “Farewell”, which is the subject of this analysis.
“Farewell” was written in 1925, a year after V. Mayakovsky visited one of the most romantic cities in the world - Paris. It is no secret that this city made a vivid impression on the poet, and in his poems about Europe he dedicated an entire cycle of “Conversations with Eiffel Tower».
The visit to the capital of France also helped V. Mayakovsky in personal life. The Creator was taking the next betrayal and separation from his wife too hard. common-law wife, named after the “muse of the Russian avant-garde”, Lilya Brik. In 1922-1924, during a trip to Europe, it was in Paris that he met Tatyana Yakovleva, and during his month and a half stay in the city he managed to fall in love and propose marriage to the lady of his heart. However, the girl emigrated, escaping the revolution, and did not plan to return to the country of victorious socialism. Mayakovsky also could not tear himself away from his favorite lands. He had to choose between the love of his life and his homeland. He chose the second, but until his death he remembered and loved Tatyana. The poem “Farewell” became a kind of nod to this beautiful city for a meeting that gave it an unforgettable experience.
Genre, size, direction
This poem can be attributed to love lyrics. During this period, the poet also created “Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”, “Lilichka”, “Cloud in Pants”, etc.
Vladimir Mayakovsky is the creator of a unique poetic system called a ladder. The “steps” of this ladder are the accent in the voice. The poet belonged to such a movement as futurism, the features of which are metaphorical and dynamic style.
Images and symbols
Paris became the central image and object of admiration in the poem “Farewell”. Moscow for the poet is the image of the house to which V. Mayakovsky’s heart belonged, the whole Earth, with its own traditions and identity. Life outside “home” does not seem possible, no matter how happy the poet is in Paris.
Car in this work symbolizes the bitterness of separation. In it, it seems to the author that the city does not want to let go and runs after him, appearing in “impossible beauty.” Perhaps in this image the poet also saw his Tatyana, whom he was irrevocably leaving.
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main topic The poem is contained in the title itself. V. Mayakovsky was not only strong-willed and strong, but also incredibly sentimental person. In Paris, the poet felt happy, his faith in love grew stronger, so it was difficult for him to say goodbye to the city. The theme of separation became a lyrical expression of failed love with Tatyana Yakovleva.
Meaning
The meaning that V. Mayakovsky puts into his poem is love and loyalty to his Fatherland. The poet is so fascinated by Paris that he even expresses his desire to live and die in this place. Why didn’t the creator stay forever in the city that made him happy and made him “break his heart with sentimentality” at the moment of farewell? Everything is much more complicated here. The poet's convictions in the success and correctness of the socialist state stood above the feelings caused by his stay in Europe. Real, sincere happiness, according to the author, can only be experienced in the Soviet Union. The poet remains devoted to the Fatherland no matter what.
He himself promoted self-denial in the name of a bright socialist future, called on people to unite in the name of common goals and forget about petty grievances and squabbles. This is the main idea of his work. Therefore, his choice was a logical continuation of what he wrote throughout his life.
Means of artistic expression
The means of expression in the poetry of V. Mayakovsky, without a doubt, can be called legendary. In his works he used many techniques to give imagery to his creation. And in a short poem“Farewell” the poet did not do without using visual arts language.
“Separation muck” (i.e. tears) is a very deep periphrase in content, subtly conveying the sadness of parting. The poet also uses the epithet “impossible beauty”, emphasizing his admiration for Paris. In the poem you can find a technique so beloved by the author - personification - “Paris is running” and “come... goo... fall apart.”
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FAREWELL / Poems
In the car,
last franc having exchanged.
- What time is it in Marseille? -
Paris
runs
seeing me off
in all
impossible beauty.
Come on over
to the eyes,
separation muck,
heart
to me
Be sad with sentimentality!
I would like to
live
and die in Paris
if it weren't for
such land -
Moscow.
Read by Mikhail Ulyanov
Mikhail Ulyanov is a legendary theater and film actor, whose characters seem to reflect the Soviet era in a mirror.
Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893 – 1930)
Russian Soviet poet. Born in Georgia, in the village of Baghdadi, in the family of a forester.
From 1902 he studied at a gymnasium in Kutaisi, then in Moscow, where after the death of his father he moved with his family. In 1908 he left the gymnasium, giving himself over to the underground revolutionary work. At the age of fifteen he joined the RSDLP(b) and carried out propaganda tasks. He was arrested three times, and in 1909 he was in Butyrka prison in solitary confinement. There he began to write poetry. Since 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Having joined the Cubo-Futurists, in 1912 he published his first poem, “Night,” in the futurist collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”
The theme of the tragedy of human existence under capitalism permeates Mayakovsky’s major works of the pre-revolutionary years - the poems “Cloud in Pants”, “Spine Flute”, “War and Peace”. Even then, Mayakovsky sought to create poetry of “squares and streets” addressed to the broad masses. He believed in the imminence of the coming revolution.
Epic and lyrics, striking satire and propaganda posters ROSTA - all this variety of Mayakovsky’s genres bears the stamp of his originality. In the lyrical epic poems “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” and “Good!” the poet embodied the thoughts and feelings of a person in a socialist society, the features of the era. Mayakovsky powerfully influenced the progressive poetry of the world - Johannes Becher and Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet and Pablo Neruda studied with him. IN later works“Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” sounds like a powerful satire with dystopian elements on Soviet reality.
In 1930 he committed suicide, unable to bear internal conflict with “bronze” Soviet era, in 1930, buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.
http://citaty.su/kratkaya-biografiya-mayakovskogo
FAREWELL / Poems
In the car,
exchanged the last franc.
- What time is it in Marseille? -
Paris
runs
seeing me off
in all
impossible beauty.
Come on over
to the eyes,
separation muck,
heart
to me
Be sad with sentimentality!
I would like to
live
and die in Paris
if it weren't for
such land -
Moscow.
Read by Mikhail Ulyanov
Mikhail Ulyanov is a legendary theater and film actor, whose characters seem to reflect the Soviet era in a mirror.
Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893 – 1930)
Russian Soviet poet. Born in Georgia, in the village of Baghdadi, in the family of a forester.
From 1902 he studied at a gymnasium in Kutaisi, then in Moscow, where after the death of his father he moved with his family. In 1908 he left the gymnasium, devoting himself to underground revolutionary work. At the age of fifteen he joined the RSDLP(b) and carried out propaganda tasks. He was arrested three times, and in 1909 he was in Butyrka prison in solitary confinement. There he began to write poetry. Since 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Having joined the Cubo-Futurists, in 1912 he published his first poem, “Night,” in the futurist collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”
The theme of the tragedy of human existence under capitalism permeates Mayakovsky’s major works of the pre-revolutionary years - the poems “Cloud in Pants”, “Spine Flute”, “War and Peace”. Even then, Mayakovsky sought to create poetry of “squares and streets” addressed to the broad masses. He believed in the imminence of the coming revolution.
Epic and lyric poetry, striking satire and ROSTA propaganda posters - all this variety of Mayakovsky’s genres bears the stamp of his originality. In the lyrical epic poems “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” and “Good!” the poet embodied the thoughts and feelings of a person in a socialist society, the features of the era. Mayakovsky powerfully influenced the progressive poetry of the world - Johannes Becher and Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet and Pablo Neruda studied with him. In the later works “Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” there is a powerful satire with dystopian elements on Soviet reality.
In 1930, he committed suicide, unable to bear the internal conflict with the “bronze” Soviet age; in 1930, he was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Vladimir Mayakovsky traveled a lot. Soviet authority I wasn’t afraid to “let him out” abroad. Communist leaders believed that the poet never even thought about becoming an emigrant. Mayakovsky did not really think about escaping, although he had many opportunities to stay. In 1924, the poet visited Paris for the first time. It was not only a business trip, but also a romantic one. The poet finally reconciled with his long-time love Lilia Brik (for some time they separated due to Lilia’s betrayal, and the poet took what happened very hard), believing that they could still have a future.
“Farewell” was written in 1925, when the poet was leaving the city of lovers. The text of Mayakovsky's poem "Farewell" is sentimental and lyrical. The poet did not want to leave Paris, because he was happy there. “Separation is muck” comes to his eyes when the landscapes of Paris begin to flash outside the car window. But Mayakovsky would not be Mayakovsky if at the end of the poem he had not said that Paris is a wonderful city, but he still wants to live and die in Moscow. The poet was a true patriot of the Motherland to the end and in everything.
“See Paris and die!” - this is the phrase most people associate with the City of Love. Millions dream about this wonderful European city with its Eiffel Tower, Champs Elysees, Versailles and Moulin Rouge; it was sung by writers, poets, and composers. The city that became the “cradle of the revolution” - Paris Commune, created his own literary history with "Les Miserables" by Victor Hugo and " Parisian secrets» Eugene Sue.
After October revolution In 1917, it was Paris that became the center of Russian emigration, and in the famous cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, famous Russian writers, poets and musicians, such as Ivan Bunin, Zinaida Gippius, Teffi, Alexander Galich, as well as descendants of ancient noble families, found their final refuge Yusupov and Sheremetev.
In 1922-1924, Vladimir Mayakovsky made several trips to Europe: to Latvia, Germany, France. He conveyed his European impressions in poetry and essays. He dedicated an entire series to Paris - “Conversations with the Eiffel Tower.” Associated with Paris romantic relationship Mayakovsky. When, at the end of 1922, an affair on the side of the poet's beloved Lily Brik almost led to a break in their relationship, a trip to Europe became a kind of cure. In 1923, Brik and Mayakovsky flew to Germany, and later ended up in Paris. This was the first trip abroad for the poet; he was truly shocked by the beauty and grandeur of the French capital:
Paris is running
seeing me off
in all
impossible beauty.
However, Mayakovsky, who experienced constant feeling pride in his young republic, and does not give his hero a chance to “become crushed by sentimentality” from separation from one of most beautiful cities peace. Therefore, the hero quite calmly, “in the car, having exchanged the last franc,” goes to the station to depart for the next city of his foreign voyage - Marseille. On this occasion, a poem with a telling title was written in 1925 "Parting", about the analysis of which we'll talk Further.
It cannot be said that the hero of the poem does not feel sad at all, because he feels the “slurry of separation,” that is, tears, coming to his eyes. But he is not ashamed of these tears, but on the contrary, he calls:
... heart to me
Be sad with sentimentality!
And it would seem that the hero’s desire sounds quite logical:
I would like to
live
and die in Paris...
Many would support him in such a desire. But we must not forget that quite often in Mayakovsky’s poems the hero is inseparable from the author. And Mayakovsky himself could repeat with confidence: “I would like to live in Paris.” Here, in the shelter of the Russian emigration, he would be in demand: he was remembered from the times of futurism and decadence. Poets and artists, musicians and artists lived here - all bohemia Silver Age. Surely, Vladimir Mayakovsky could have become popular in this environment, but his deep faith in the justice of the socialist system did not give him the opportunity to live anywhere else except Soviet Union. It is with this idea that he concludes his short work poet. Admitting the possibility of life and death in Paris, the hero, nevertheless, sets a restrictive condition for himself. Yes, all this would be possible
if there was no 6
such land is Moscow.
It is noteworthy that Moscow is not just a city for him, not just a capital Soviet state. Moscow for him is a whole land with its own new history, with new laws and traditions. Maybe, similar attitude formed in connection with the idea of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, later developed by Leon Trotsky, about building socialism in a single country.
Thus, even in such a small poem dedicated to a trivial matter - parting with Paris, it sounds again patriotic idea about love for your Fatherland. Only there, according to the poet, is it possible real life And real love. Three years later, in “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva,” Mayakovsky will repeat this thought: he will express confidence that she, too, will someday be able to realize love for the socialist state, and then the poet will be able to say: “I will still take you someday - alone or together with Paris."
- “Lilichka!”, analysis of Mayakovsky’s poem
- “The Sitting Ones”, analysis of Mayakovsky’s poem