Education of Future in the Past
All forms of Future in the Past are formed similarly to the corresponding forms of Future with the replacement of shall and will should forms and would.
Abbreviations used in colloquial speech:
would='d
should='d
They'd have played.
should not=shouldn’t=’d not
I should’t have played =I’d not have played .
would=wouldn"t=’dnot
She wouldn't be playing. = She’d not have played .
Shouldn't I have played?
Wouldn't he have played?
Future in the Past Simple
| Affirmative form | Negative form |
|---|---|
| I should play He (she, it) would play We should play You would play They would play | I should not play He (she, it) would not play We should not play You wouldn't play They wouldn't play |
| Interrogative form | |
| Should I play ? Would he (she, it) play ? Should we play ? Would you play ? Would they play ? | Should I not play? Would he (she, it) not play? Should we not play? Would you not play? Would they not play? |
| Affirmative form | Negative form |
|---|---|
| I should be play ing He (she, it) would be play ing We should be play ing You would be play ing They would be play ing | I shouldn't be playing ing He (she, it) would not be played ing We shouldn't be playing ing You wouldn't be play ing They wouldn't be played ing |
| Interrogative form | Interrogative-negative form |
| Should I be play ing? Would he (she, it) be play ing? Should we be play ing? Would you be play ing? Would they be play ing? | Should I not be play ing? Would he (she, it) not be play ing? Should we not be play ing? Would you not be play ing? Would they not be play ing? |
Future in the Past Perfect
| Affirmative form | Negative form |
|---|---|
| I should have
play ed He (she, it) would have played We should have play ed You would have play ed They would have play ed | I should not have played He (she, it) would not have play ed We should not have played You would not have played They would not have played |
| Interrogative form | Interrogative-negative form |
| Should I have played ? Would he (she, it) have play ed ? Should we have played ? Would you have play ed? Would they have played ed? | Should I not have played ? Would he (she, it) not have play ed? Should we not have play ed? Would you not have played ed? Would they not have played ed? |
| Affirmative form | Negative form |
|---|---|
| I should have been play ing He (she, it) would have been play ing We should have been play ing You would have been play ing They would have been play ing | I shouldn't have been played ing He (she, it) would not have been played ing We shouldn't have been played ing You would not have been played ing They would not have been played ing |
| Interrogative form | Interrogative-negative form |
| Should I have been played ing? Would he (she, it) have been played ing? Should we have been play ing? Would you have been play ing? Would they have been play ing? | Should I not have been played ing? Would he (she, it) not have been played ing? Should we not have been play ing? Would you not have been play ing? Would they not have been play ing? |
Using the tenses Future in the Past
1. Future in the Past Simple used to express simple ordinary actions or a sequence of actions in the future, foreseeable in the past.
He said he would soon take up French. – He said that he would improve his French soon.(pull up - future action, observed from the past, said relative to the past)
2. Future in the Past Continuous used to express a long-term action that will occur at a certain point in the future, or a future action resulting from circumstances. Both actions relate to the past.
And she thought that at this time next Sunday she would be approaching her beloved Paris. “And she thought that at this time next Sunday she would already be approaching her beloved Paris.
3. Future in the Past Perfect used to express an action that will be completed at a certain point in the future relative to the past.
He realized that he would have finished his task long before midnight. - He realized that he would finish his work long before midnight.
4. Future in the Past Perfect Continuous used to express a continuous action that will begin before a certain moment in the future relative to the past and will continue until that moment or will still continue at the moment. This form rarely used even in book style.
He said he would have been living here for ten years next year. – He said that he will live here for 10 years next year.
Note: Although Future in the Past tenses denote future actions, real time these actions can be much wider.
I said I should come today, and so I"m here! (actual tense is present)
I said that there are four future tenses that we can use in the past tense. Today we will look at Future Continuous in the Past- future continuous in the past.
We use it when in the past (for example, last summer), we talk about actions/events that will happen in the future, focusing on their duration.
Look at the examples: “They hoped that they would rest all day. He thought she would be studying for an exam all evening».
In all these sentences we are talking about long-term processes. It is easy to construct such sentences. Now I will teach you this.
But since in the first part we use the past tense, then according to the rule of tense coordination, we cannot use the future tense in the second part. So we have to make Future Continuous past. It's very simple!
We just need to replace will with would.
……..they would be play ing football all day.
……..they will play football all day.
……..he would be study ing the whole evening.
……..he will study all evening.
Now let's connect the two parts together. IN writing to connect two parts of a sentence we often use the word that, which translates to "what". But in colloquial speech we usually omit that.
The education scheme will be as follows:
Actor + said/thought/told + (that) + actor+ would be + verb with -ing
She said (that) she would be work ing all day.
She said she would work all day.
They thought (that) he would be driv ing all night long.
They thought he would drive all night.
He knew (that) they would be walk ing.
He knew that they would walk.
Negation in the form of Future Continuous in the Past in English
We can add a negation to the first or second part to make the sentence negative.
Denial in the first part
Since the Past Simple tense is used in the first part, the negation is formed using the auxiliary verb of this tense did and the negative particle not.
They are usually abbreviated like this:
did + not = didn’t
In this case, the action itself will now stand in initial form, that is, not to change in any way (say, tell, hope). Scheme for the formation of such a sentence:
Actor + didn't + say/think/tell + (that) + actor + would be + verb with -ing
He didn't know (that) he would be study ing at that time.
He didn't know what he would do at this time.
She didn't think (that) she would be cook ing the whole evening.
She didn't know what she would be cooking all evening.
Denial in the second part
To make the second part negative, we need to put not after would.
We can shorten:
would + not = wouldn't
The outline of such a proposal would be as follows:
Actor + said/thought/told + (that) + actor + wouldn’t + be + -ing verb
He said (that) he wouldn't be sleep ing the whole morning.
He said he wouldn't sleep all morning.
They thought (that) they wouldn't be walk ing.
They thought that they would not walk.
Interrogative form in the Future Continuous in the Past in English
If we want to ask a question, then we need to change the first part a little. For this we set auxiliary did to the first place in the sentence, and the action itself - to the initial form.
The proposal outline will be as follows:
Did + actor + say/think/tell + (that) + actor + would be + -ing verb
Did she say(that) she would be watch ing a movie?
She said she would watch the movie?
Did they know(that) they would be work ing?
Did they know they would work?
We have discussed the theory, and now let's consolidate the use of Future Continuous in the Past in practice.
Reinforcement task
Translate these sentences into English language and write them in the comments under the article:
1. He didn’t think that she would rest all evening.
2. She knew that they would study from 5 to 8.
3. They expected that he would not sleep at this time.
4. He said that he would play tennis all evening.
5. She hoped that she would not work at this time?
6. They told us that they would fly all morning.
Leave your answers in the comments below the article.
The grammar of the English language cannot be called illogical, because anyone who has come across its rules in one way or another can note that all tense forms have a clear structure and order, and almost every instance of the use of a particular construction can be explained. But one cannot help but say that the English language, from the point of view of tense formation, is completely similar to Russian. It has its own characteristics, and some rules are specific to this language. In particular, such a temporary form as Future in the Past in English.
This construction has no analogues in Russian grammar. As the name implies, with the help of such a structure the future time is expressed, which, however, is inextricably linked with the past. It is this time and its peculiarities of formation and use that will be discussed further.
The essence of time
Although keyword The name of this form is Future, this type of tense is applicable to special situations. We are talking primarily about complex sentences, where the main part is used in the past tense, for example, in, and the dependent part, which even though it refers to the future, is nevertheless used simple Future here it is impossible, and in this case the form Future in the Past is relevant and forced. This occurs very often in indirect speech(Reported Speech), when after the author’s words standing in the past, it is used the Future in the Past Tense.
Just like the simple future tense, the future in the past in English has the same categories - Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous. For clarity, below is a table of such forms and the formulas by which they are formed:
Next, we should describe in more detail the features of using each tense Future in the Past in English and give examples of their use. In addition, for these two constructions – Simple and Perfect – you can also form Passive forms, i.e. according to the same principle as the ordinary future tense.
Using Fut Indefinite in the Past
A similar structure is relevant in English in the case when it is necessary to show typical situation in future. The only difference is that it is used after the past tense, adjoining it as a dependent part. There is no difficulty in formation: it is an auxiliary would (and not will, as in the simple future), and an infinitive without the particle to, in other words, a verb in the first form. In sentences Future Indefinite in the Past it looks like this:
· Peter told me that he would return quite soon - Peter told me that he would return quite soon
· I wanted to know when Mr. Richards would call me again - I asked when Mr. Richards would call me again
As can be seen from the examples, the Future Simple in the Past is often preceded by the Past Simple, which is main reason use of this tense form.
Education and use of Fut Continuous in the Past
A tense such as Future Continuous in the Past is almost completely analogous to the usual long future tense. The only difference is that here the relationship with the past is directly traced, and the process in the future is in any case connected with the past and depends on it.
Education is similar to regular Fut. Continuous, only here the auxiliary verb is would, which shows the attitude towards the past. The formula is: would + be + V(–ing). Here, of course, there is a similarity with the Past Continuous, but the duration is aimed at action in the future:
· My wife said that the following day she would be working the whole morning. My wife told me that the next day she would work all morning.
· My friends didn’t tell me that next week they would be lying on the beach at this time. My friends didn't tell me that they would be lying on the beach at this time next week.
Application and structure of Fut Perfect in the Past
Another tense form in which English differs from Russian is the Future Perfect in the Past. In this construction, the basis is the completeness and completeness of the action associated with the future, but due to the dependence on the past, time cannot be simply Future, it takes the form of Future in the Past, and, moreover, Perfect.
A structure is formed by adding an auxiliary to would verb have, characteristic of the perfect, and the main verb, standing in the third form, or Past Participle, as it is correctly called. Here are the situations that such a construction looks like in speech:
· I showed him the man who would have finished the whole experiment by next Friday. I showed him the very person who would complete the experiment by next Friday.
· I wondered why John would have left the house when we came. I asked why John would already be gone by the time we arrived.
Construction and application of Fut Perfect Continuous in the Past
There is another form that is used quite rarely in English, but it is possible to come across it, which means we need to talk about it. This is the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past, a structure where we're talking about about an action that at a specific moment in the future will have been ongoing for some time. Many people find a connection here with the Past Perfect Continuous, but this tense still refers to the future, despite the fact that it is forced to change due to the influential main part in the past.
It looks like this: would + have + been + V(–ing), i.e. almost the same as a regular Future, except for the form of the auxiliary verb, where it changes from will to would.
Sentences with this construction are rarely used, but this does not prevent us from giving a few examples:
· He invited me to come the following day and said that by next month he would have been living there for 5 years. He invited me to come and said that by next month he will have lived there for 5 years
· She informed me that by 2019 she would have been working on her project for 10 years. She told me that by 2019 it will be 10 years since she has been working on her project
As you can see, the English language is rich in its specific features, and the future in the past tense is one of them. The examples described above will help you better understand how similar tense forms are formed and used in different situations. And the presented structures themselves can be a good help in speech and will help demonstrate to the interlocutor your knowledge of these unusual structures in their own way, which, nevertheless, from the point of view of all existing grammatical rules absolutely correct and logical.
Today we will look at another future tense that we can use in the past - Future Perfect in the Past.
We use it when we talk about actions/events in the past that will happen and end in the future.
Look at the examples: "He thought he would finish the report by the evening. She expected to pass all the exams next week."
In this article I will teach you how to construct such sentences in English. It's not difficult at all.
From the article you will learn:
- How to construct sentences in this form
Rules for using Future Perfect in the Past in English
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We use the future perfect tense in the past when we talk in the past about actions/events that will happen and end in the future.
They differ from other times of this category (simple future in the past and continuous future in the past) in that these actions must lead to some result and will end.
Let's look at examples:
Future Simple in the Past:
She said that she would study for the exam (action - fact).
Future Continuous in the Past:
She said that she would study for the exam all evening (a long-term process).
Future Perfect in the Past:
She said that she would prepare for the exam by evening (result).
Very often such sentences are used:
- by morning/evening/night - by morning/evening/night
- by Sunday/Monday/Wednesday - by Sunday/Monday/Wednesday
- by the next week/month/year - by the next week/month/year
- by…o’clock - to…clock
Let's look at how to construct such sentences in English.
Rules for constructing sentences in the Future Perfect in the Past in English
This proposal consists of 2 parts:
- The first part is in the past simple tense (Past Simple)
- The second part contains the future perfect tense in the past (Future Perfect in the Past)
Let's take a closer look at both parts of the sentence.
The first part is the past simple tense
The first part contains the Past Simple tense. As a rule, in this part there is an actor who performs some action. Most often we use the following verbs (actions):
- say - to speak;
- tell - to speak;
- think - to think;
- know - to know;
- believe - believe, believe;
- hope - to hope
Since this part uses the past tense, all verbs must be put in the past form.
For this:
- if the verb is correct, we add the ending -ed (decide - decided, promise - promised)
- if the verb is not regular, we put it in the 2nd form (understand - understood, think - thought).
Correct verb:
They planned.....
They planned.....
Not regular verb:
He said.....
He said......
The second part contains Future Perfect
The second part contains Future time Perfect (future perfect tense). This tense is formed using auxiliary verbs will And have.
We also need to put the verb in the past tense:
- if the verb is regular, we add the ending -ed (work - worked)
- if the verb is irregular, we put it in the 3rd form (do - done)
But since in the first part we use the past tense, then according to the rule of tense coordination, we cannot use the future tense in the second part.
Therefore we need to make Future time Perfect past. For this we change will on would.
He would have finished his project.
......he will finish his project.
They would have done it.
......they will do it.
Now let's connect the two parts together. In writing, to connect two parts of a sentence, we often use the word that, which is translated as “what.” But in colloquial speech we usually omit that.
The education scheme will be as follows:
Actor + said/told/thought + (that) + actor + would have + regular verb with ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
They thought (that) they would have done their homework by 6 o"clock.
They thought they would homework by six o'clock.
She hoped (that) she would have moved to a new flat by the next week.
She hoped that she would move to new apartment by next week.
He said (that) he would have read this book by Monday.
He said he would read this book by Monday.
Negation in the form of Future Perfect in the Past in English
To make a sentence negative, we can add a negation to the first or second part.
Denial in the first part
As I said above, in this part we use the Past Simple tense. The auxiliary verb of this tense is did. Therefore, to form a negation, we need to add to did negative particle not.
They are usually abbreviated like this: did + not = didn’t
In this case, the action itself will now be in its initial form, that is, it will not change in any way (say, tell, hope). Scheme for the formation of such a sentence:
Actor + didn't + say/tell/think + (that) + actor + would have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
She didn't say (that) she would have done it by evening.
She didn't say she would do it by evening.
He didn't hope (that) he would have finished his work.
He didn't expect to finish his work.
Denial in the second part
To make the second part negative, we need to put not after would.
We can shorten: would + not = wouldn't
The outline of such a proposal would be as follows:
Actor + said/told/thought + (that) + actor + wouldn't + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
She said (that) she wouldn't have dinner cooked by 4 o"clock.
She said she wouldn't have dinner ready by 4 o'clock.
They said (that) they wouldn't have read all these books by morning.
They said that they would not have read all these books by morning.
Interrogative form of Future Perfect in the Past in English
If we want to ask a question, then we need to change the first part a little. For this we put an auxiliary verb did to the first place in the sentence, and the action itself to the initial form.
The proposal outline will be as follows:
Did + actor + say/tell/think + (that) + actor + would have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb?
Did they think (that) they would have translated the article by evening?
Do they think they will have translated this article by this evening?
Did she say (that) she would have finished the report by the next week?
She said she will finish the report by next week?
We've covered the theory, now let's put it into practice.
Reinforcement task
Translate these sentences into English and write them in the comments under the article:
1. They said that they would not finish building the house by next year.
2. She knew that she would write a letter by morning.
3. Did he think that he would read this book by next week?
4. He didn’t expect to write the article by the evening.
5. He thought that he would pass all the exams by Saturday.
6. He said that he would not fix the car by Sunday.
Leave your answers in the comments below the article.