Lesson 3. Future Simple Tense - Future Simple Tense. Ways of expressing the future tense (repetition) and their comparison with the Future Simple. Suggestions and requests
In this lesson we will take a closer look at the Future Simple Tense, and also compare it with other previously discussed ways of expressing the future tense. We will look at some cases of using the Future Simple Tense in colloquial speech.
Topic 1. Using The Future Simple Tense. Difference between Shall and Will. Formation of affirmative and negative sentences. Short forms
For education all types of offers in the Future Simple Tense auxiliary verbs are used shall or will. Formally shall used with the first person singular (I) and plural (we). But in modern colloquial speech it occurs almost only will. However, this trend does not mean at all that shall has become an atavism, since it is indispensable in some interrogative sentences (will be discussed in topic 2) and has a very noticeable semantic potential, different from will. In literature, in newspapers shall And will are used in accordance with the grammar.
The main purpose of the Future Simple Tense is to denote an action that will happen in the future.
In the future tense, such temporary indicators as tomorrow, in two days (in two days), next week, etc. are used.
Affirmative sentences
Word order: on first the subject is located in the place; on second- auxiliary; on third the verb is placed in the infinitive form without a particle to. After auxiliary verb may be an adverb.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| I | shall/will | see | him | again | tomorrow |
| We | |||||
| She | will | go | there | next | Monday |
| He | |||||
| You | |||||
| They | |||||
| It | probably | rain | in the afternoon |
IN affirmative sentences Abbreviations are used very often. It is noteworthy that when using abbreviations, the need to choose between auxiliary verbs disappears, since only the same ending is taken from them -ll.
I"ll - He"ll - She"ll - We"ll - You"ll - They"ll - It"ll.
With help Future Simple future intentions that arise at the moment of decision making are expressed.
The phone is ringing. - I"ll answer it.
Phone calls. - I will answer.
Will is also a noun that translates as “will, desire.” This semantic load was fully transferred to the auxiliary verb of the same name. Therefore, in the sentence “I will help you” there is a sense of determination.
U shall such “determination” is absent. Shall usually expresses actions that lack the subject's desires.
I shall be 30 next month.
The example of the following sentence clearly shows the semantic and stylistic difference between shall And will:
We will fight and we shall win.
Will here expresses the speaker's intention, shall speaks of the inevitability of victory, “promises it.”
Negative sentences
Negative sentences are formed by simply adding negative particle not after an auxiliary verb. Very often in negative sentences Abbreviations are used. Sometimes it is quite difficult to “decipher” these abbreviations if you have not seen them before.
So:
Won't - will not
Shan`t [∫a: n t] - shall not
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Full form | Short form | |||||
| I | shall not | shan`t | be | here | next | Tuesday |
| We | ||||||
| She | will not | won't | return | home | so soon | |
| He | ||||||
| You | ||||||
| They | ||||||
| It | happen | again | ||||
Note
Modal verb shall used to express the future tense with pronouns I And we. It is also often used in questions with an action sentence (for example: Shall are we going? - Let's go to?). Shall often used to express a categorical promise. In formal English usage verb shall to express the future tense often has a connotation of inevitability or predestination. Shall much more commonly used in British English. In American English other forms are preferred, although sometimes shall is still used in action sentences or in formal speech.
For example:
Shall I help you?
Help to you? ( Expresses an action proposal.)
I shall never forget where I came from.
I I will never forget where I'm from. ( Expresses a categorical promise.)
He shall become our next king.
He will become our next king. ( Expresses predestination.)
I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new director.
I'm afraid Mr. Smith will become our new director. ( Expresses inevitability.)
Other examples of the use of the modal verb shall
| Usage | Affirmative forms | Negative forms | Synonyms |
| shall to express the future tense (Used in British English.) |
I shall be replaced by someone from the New York office. Me will replace man from the New York office. I shall be there by 8:00. |
I shall not be replaced after all. It turns out I'm nobody will not replace. I shall not be there. I have a previous obligation. |
will |
| shall in the meaning of an action sentence |
Shall we begin dinner? Let's get started lunch? Shall we move into the living room? |
should | |
| shall in the meaning of promise (Used in British English.) |
I shall take care of everything for you. I'm talking about everything I'll take care of it for you. I shall make the travel arrangements. There's no need to worry. |
I shall never forget you. I you I will never forget. I shall never give up the fight for freedom. |
will |
| shall in the sense of inevitability (Used in British English.) |
Man shall explore the distant regions of the universe. Human will explore far corners of space. We shall overcome oppression. |
Man shall never give up the exploration of the universe. Human will never stop explore space. He shall not be held back. |
IN English language There are two modal verbs that are different from the others in their own way. We are talking about will and shall - two grammatical structures that can have the status of not only modals. The fact is that their use, as is known, is possible not only in a modal meaning; they are often used as future auxiliary verbs. Therefore, it is worth determining in what meanings shall or will are used as modal, and what functions each modal verb carries.
Main characteristics of the modal verb shall
As already mentioned, this verb was never a pure modal. However, it has a number of certain grammatical characteristics that are inherent in these words. So, this verb cannot be followed by full, but only bare (without to). Moreover, she herself infinitive form can only be Indefinite, which in many ways distinguishes it from most modal verbs. Naturally, the ending –s is not used with it. There is also a structure for it in Past –, which, as you know, has developed into a separate modal.
Difference modal shall from the auxiliary also lies in the fact that in time the Future auxiliary verb, as is known, depends on the person. This means that shall or will must be used depending on what the subject is: in the first person – shall. But this rule does not work with a modal verb, and modal in certain functions is used with by different persons.
Interrogative sentences
Regardless of whether our verb is modal or auxiliary in the future tense, in questions it always comes first:
- Shall I help you? –To me help you?
- Shall we finish the work right now? – Should we finish work right now?
The negative form is formed in a very standard way. The particle not comes to the rescue, which is placed after the verb – shall not. In addition, abbreviated forms are often used in negations. The abbreviation looks like shan’t:
- I shall not participate in this affair –I Not I'll accept participation V this in fact
Functions in a sentence
Despite the fact that this verb can be used with different persons, the form of the subject still matters, which is especially true when we're talking about about possible values:
1. Will, desire.
This function is characteristic only of the first person and is usually used in a formal style of speech:
We shall support all the wishes of our people –We let's support All desires our people
2. Interrogative sentences.
Characteristic only for the first and third person:
Shall I open the attic? –To me open attic?
3. Coercion, strict order.
Only second and third person are possible in this function:
You shall leave this house right now! – You will leave this house right now!
4. Threat or warning (also second and third parties):
Johnny! You shall be punished if you don’t stop doing it! –Johnny! You will be punished if you don't stop doing this
5. Promise (second and third parties):
Don't worry; they shall take you with them too –Not worry, They And you will take With yourself
6. Legal claims against a third party
A very rare function, which is similar in meaning to must:
The sheriff shall maintain order in his town– The sheriff must maintain order in his city
Main characteristics of the modal verb will
The verb will can also act as either an auxiliary or a modal verb. It has the same features as the previous verb. Differences can be found only in functions and in the fact that, being an auxiliary verb, the second and third persons are used with it, but not the first. In addition, there is a form will for the past tense - would, which over time acquired the status of an independent verb.
Interrogative sentences
There is no complexity in questions with will: it comes first, then the subject and the rest of the structure:
Will Jack come in? –Jack will come in?
Negations and short forms
Will not is a typical negation with this modal. The abbreviated form won’t is also quite common:
- I will not take any measures –I Not Want accept no measures
- We won ’ t drink tea or coffee. – We don’t want to drink tea or coffee.
In the meanings of this verb, the person is not so important. However, there are possible optimal options here:
1.Will, desire.
And here, unlike its predecessor, we are not talking about something lofty and formal. A typical translation is “to want”; Any person is used here, but the first one is most common:
I will tell you the truth –I want to tell you the truth
Note: this function is very often found if the sentence has an if conjunction. This situation should not be confused with a conditional sentence; here will retains its meaning “to want”:
She may take any drink if she will – SheMaybetakeanydrink, Ifwants
2. Persistence
on something that relates to the present or future and often reflects habits:
Don’ t ask me about it. – But I will ! - Don't ask me about it. - But I will still be there!
3. Expressing a polite offer to someone for something:
Will do you take a piece of cake? –Not want to whether a piece cake?
4. A guess or some kind of prediction,
which refers to the future:
Did you hear the doorbell? – Yes, it will be Brian –You heard call V door? – Yes, This will Brian
All these nuances will help determine what the main difference between shall and will is, as well as what points should be taken into account when using one or another modal. Their separation into two separate structures is important point grammar in section Modal Verbs and can help in the expression of certain emotions and states.
English modal verbs shall And will are used only in two forms: in the present tense - shall, will and in the past tense - should,would.
The infinitive after these verbs is used without the particle to:
I shall be busy on Monday. I'll be busy on Monday.
He will come soon. He'll come soon.
I said that I should be busy on Monday. I said I'd be busy on Monday.
He said that he would come soon. He said he would come soon.
The following abbreviations are used in colloquial speech:
I will = I"ll
I would = I"d
he will = he"ll
he would = he"d
she will = she"ll
she would = she"d
we will = we"ll
we would = we"d
you will = you"ll
you would = you"d
they will = they"ll
they would = they"d
shall not = shan"t
will not = won't
would not = wouldn't
shouldn't = shouldn't
Verb shall used as an auxiliary verb in combination with an infinitive to form future tense forms with the 1st person singular and plural:
I shall be free tonight. I'll be free tonight.
Shall I see you tomorrow? I will see you tomorrow?
We shall not have an English lesson tomorrow. Tomorrow we will not have an English lesson.
In modern English, instead of shall usually used with first person will: I will be free tonight. We will not have an English lesson tomorrow.
Shall used in interrogative sentence when turning to an interlocutor for orders or instructions. Shall in this case it has a modal meaning, giving the action a shade of obligation. In the corresponding Russian sentence, the verb is used in the infinitive form:
Shall I close the window? Close a window?
Where shall we wait for you? Where should we wait for you?
Shall he wait for you at the hotel? Should he wait for you at the hotel?
Shall used with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural in affirmative and negative sentences. In this case shall has a modal meaning, giving action in the future tense a shade of promise, command, threat, warning on the part of the speaker. Modal meaning in Russian shall conveyed with appropriate intonation:
Tell her that she shall have the books tomorrow. Tell her that she will receive the books tomorrow (promise).
You shall write your exercises at once. You will write the exercises immediately (order).
Shall used with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural in agreements, contracts and other documents. In this case shall has a modal meaning, giving action in the future tense a connotation of obligation. The corresponding Russian sentence uses the future tense or more often “must” with an infinitive:
The Buyers shall have the right to inspect the goods during their manufacture. Buyers should have the right (will have the right) to inspect the product during its production process.
Should(past tense form of shall) is used as an auxiliary verb:
1. with the 1st person singular and plural to form Future in forms the Past indicative mood:
I said that I should be glad to see him. I said I would be glad to see him.
2. with 1st person singular and plural to form forms subjunctive mood, used in the main part conditional offers second and third types:
I should go there if I had time. I would go there if I had time.
Currently, instead of should usually used with 1st person would(both in Future in the Past and subjunctive forms).
3. with all singular and plural persons to form subjunctive forms used in the following types of sentences:
a) in subordinate clauses subjects starting with the conjunction that after phrases like it is desirable - desirable, it is necessary - necessary, it is important - important, it is strange - strange, etc. (in combination with Simple and Perfect Infinitive):
It is strange that he should have said it. It's strange that he said that.
b) in additional subordinate clauses, when the predicate verb of the main sentence expresses determination, demand, proposal, agreement, order (in combination with the Simple Infinitive):
He ordered that the work should be done at once. He ordered the work to be done immediately.
c) in additional subordinate clauses, when the predicate verb of the main sentence expresses a feeling of regret, surprise, indignation, joy, etc. (in combination with Simple and Perfect Infinitive):
It is a pity that it should be so. It's a pity that this is so.
d) in subordinate clauses of the goal (in combination with the Simple Infinitive):
I"ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn"t wait for me. I'll call him immediately so he doesn't have to wait for me.
e) in subordinate clauses conditions (in combination with Simple Infinitive):
If they should come, I shall speak to them about it. If they come, I'll talk to them about it.
e) in direct and indirect questions starting with why, to express strong surprise, bewilderment (in combination with Simple and Perfect Infinitive):
Why should you have behaved so? Why did you behave this way?
Should used as a verb with an independent modal meaning to express moral duty or council with all persons singular and plural. Should in combination with Simple Infinitive is used when we are talking about the present or the future and is translated into Russian as “must, should, should, should”:
Shouldn't help them. He should (should, should, should) help them.
Should in combination with Perfect Infinitive used in relation to the past, expresses censure or reproach and is translated into Russian “should have, should have, should have, should have”:
Shouldn't have helped them. He should have (should have, should have, should have) helped them.
Should in combination with Infinitive Passive is translated into Russian “must, should, should, should” with the infinitive of the passive voice or “should, should, should” with the infinitive of the active voice:
This letter should be sent off at once. This letter should (should) be sent immediately. This letter should (should) be sent immediately.
In Russian, “should, should” can be used both in relation to the present or future, and in relation to the past. When “should, should” are used in relation to the present or future, they correspond to the combination should with the infinitive in Simple form. When “should, should have” are used in relation to the past, they correspond to the combination should with the infinitive in the Perfect form:
You should (you should) do it now (tomorrow). You should do it now (tomorrow).
You should have (you should have) done this yesterday. You should have done it yesterday.
Should also used with modal meaning in indirect speech, depending on the verb in the past tense, when in the corresponding direct speech it would be necessary to use shall with a modal meaning. Should in this case it is used according to the rule of tense agreement:
I asked him where I should wait for him. I asked him where I should wait for him.
Verb will used as an auxiliary verb in combination with an infinitive to form future tense forms with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural:
Will not come to Moscow soon. He will soon arrive in Moscow.
Will used with the 1st person singular and plural with a modal meaning, giving action in the future tense a connotation of desire, intention, consent or promise:
I will call on you tomorrow. I'll come see you tomorrow.
We will help him. We will help him.
Would(past form of will) is used as an auxiliary verb:
1. with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural to form the Future in the Past forms of the indicative mood:
Didn't say that he would come soon. He said he would come soon.
2. with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural to form the subjunctive forms used in the main part of conditional sentences of the second and third type:
Wouldn't go there if he had time. He would go there if he had time.
Would often used with 1st person instead should.
Would is used with a modal meaning with all singular and plural persons in negative sentences to express persistent reluctance to perform an action in the past and in this case is translated into Russian as “didn’t want to”:
Didn't try to persuade me, but I wouldn't listen to him. He tried to convince me, but I did not want to listen to him. I asked him several times to give up smoking, but he wouldn't. I asked him several times to quit smoking, but he didn't want to.
Would used to express a request:
Would you mind passing me the salt? Please pass me the salt.
Would used with all singular and plural persons to express a repeated action in the past with the meaning “happened”:
Wouldn't sit for hours on the shore and (would) look at the sea. He used to sit for hours on the shore and look at the sea.
The verb would in this case approaches in meaning to used (to). It should be borne in mind that in colloquial speech used (to) is used much more often than would.
Would used in indirect speech, depending on the verb in the past tense, with the 1st person singular and plural with a connotation of intention, desire or consent, when in the corresponding direct speech will should be used. Would
Hello, friends! Well, you didn’t think that with the future tense and the verbs will/shall everything would be so simple? It is certainly simpler than higher mathematics(although it depends on you), but it’s worth paying attention to some.
Unit 22, English Grammar in Use, R. Murphy
Will/Shall 2
If you prefer to perceive audio/video material, then watch the video lesson on unit 22 English Grammar in Use, blue Murphy:
Before moving on to this lesson, make sure you understand the lesson.
Examples
Diane is working next week. (not Diane will work) - Diane is working next week.
Are you going to watch television this evening? (not Will you watch) - Are you planning to watch TV this evening?
Typically, when we talk about the future, we are much more likely to talk about what *probably/may/probably* will happen, rather than something that is planned and 100% likely to happen. People are not robots; they cannot plan the future down to the smallest detail.
Situation:
Kate is doing an exam next week. Chris and Joe are talking about it. — Katya is going to the exam next week. Chris and Joe talk about it.
Chris: Do you think kate will pass the exam? - Do you think Katya will pass the exam?
Joe: Yes, she’ll pass easily. - Yes Easy!
She’ll pass does not mean that “she decided to pass the exam easily.” Joe talks about his assumptions on this score.
When we make a guess about the future, we use will/won't in a sentence. (I hope you haven’t forgotten that the place of these verbs is before the predicate and after the subject)
Examples
□ Jill has been away a long time. When she returns, she’ll find a lot of changes here. — Jill was leaving for for a long time. When she returns, she will find many changes.
□ ‘Where will you be this rime next year?’ ‘I’ll be in Japan.’ - Where will you be at this time in a year? - I'll be in China.
□ That plate is hot. If you touch it, you'll burn yourself. — The plate is hot. If you touch her, you will get burned.
□ Tom won't pass the exam. He hasn’t studied hard enough. - Tom won't pass the exam. He didn't study much.
□ When will you get your exam results? — When do you think the exam results will be out?
We often use future Future Simple (and accordingly the verbs will/won’t) with the following words:
probably - probably I'll probably be home late.
I expect - I suspect I haven't seen Carol today. I suspect she'll call in the evening.
I'm sure - I'm sure Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass it.
I think - I think Do you think Sarah will like our gift?
I don’t think - I don’t think I don't think the exam will be difficult.
I wonder - I'm interested I wonder what will happen.
After the statement I hope (I hope) we usually use the present (conditional sentence rules), but will can also be used.
Examples
I hope, kate passes (will pass) the exam. — I hope Katya will pass the exam.
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow. — I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
Usually we use future simple to talk about future events, but sometimes the form will is also used to talk about the present. In this case, will already works as a modal verb and conveys additional meaning. In this case, an assumption about the present.
Don't phone Ann. She'll be busy. - Don't call Anya now. She's busy. (=she will be busy at this moment, i.e. now)
I shall/We shall
Remember that shall is usually used with I and WE. In modern grammar shall is not used for the future. Therefore, use the option I will/We will.
In spoken English the short form I'll/we'll is used
We'll probably go to Scotland. — We'll probably go to Scotland.
Negative form with the word shall - shall not or shan't
I shan’t (won’t) be here tomorrow. - I won't be here tomorrow.
Once again, do not use shall with the pronouns he/she/it/you/they and their derivatives (words that can be replaced by these pronouns, such as names). You may encounter the variant shall after these pronouns (remember the famous “You shall not pass!” from The Lord of the Rings.) But this will only be literary device to convey the color of the characters’ speech.