Alliteration is a technique for giving a poem special expressiveness, using the repetition of homogeneous or identical consonants.
Thunder will clap loudly in a thunderstorm!
Many proverbs and sayings use alliteration.
If you see that in literary text homogeneous consonants are repeated, which means the author uses a technique called alliteration. This technique gives greater expressiveness to the text and enhances perception. Used in poetry.
Read the definition of what alliteration is and examples.
Alliteration is a special technique that is most often used in poetry, but is sometimes used in songs and stories. Its meaning is that similar consonants and vowels, as well as their combinations, are repeated, which gives this fragment special mood.
Here are simple examples of Alliteration:
Shallow, Emelya, your week or Buy a pile of spades.
Word alliteration ends with -tion, and this, for the attentive eye, is one of the signs of Latinism. This is true!
The word alliteration is made up of Latin words:
ad, which is equivalent to k, and littera, which literally means letter.
This linguistic term in the literature called repetition technique in verse (less often in prose) identical, consonant consonants to enhance expressiveness artistic speech.
Alliteration emphasizes certain consonants in the text of a poem or poem, highlights them and creates the desired impression on the reader, for example, we read from Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the poem The Bronze Horseman:
In this passage, in the words va las and re ve la there is a repetition of the consonant V V stressed syllables and the repetition of the voiceless consonant k in the second line, which create the impression of howling wind and raging weather.
The concept of alliteration is used in literature and it implies an artistic example consisting in the repetition of consonant sounds in the text of a work.
And here is one of them for you bright examples alliteration:
Among visual arts Phonetics of the Russian language distinguishes alliteration and assonance. If assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds, then alliteration- This is the repetition of consonant sounds.
Here is an example of alliteration from a poem by Sergei Yesenin: The mirror of the backwater trembled. Here there is a repetition of the voiced consonant sound p, which is tremulous and contributes to the creation of a sound impression.
And another example from a poem by Sergei Yesenin:
This passage uses both alliteration and onomatopoeia. Alliteration in in this example based on a cluster of hissing sounds zh, shch, sh. These consonant sounds help create the image of a blizzard, convey the rustle of snow and the sound of the wind.
The word itself alliteration is of Latin origin and literally translated into Russian means letter to letter.
In poetry, where this phonetic device is used, alliteration helps to enhance the expressiveness of the poem and sometimes place semantic accents.
The repetition of consonants in alliteration can create a variety of sound effects - from the roar of waves and the rustling of wind in tree branches to tears of joy or angry hysteria. The skillful use of this technique sometimes turns a seemingly simple poem into a real poetic masterpiece.
Alliteration is very expressive technique, which uses the repetition of one or more consonants, which creates a sense of integrity of any text and gives it an effect of presence. Often, with the help of alliteration, the poet emphasizes the emotional coloring of the attribute, and ensures easy memorization of the text. Classic examples Poems for children by various authors can be considered, in which, with the help of alliteration, ease of understanding of the text is achieved:
For example, Chukovsky used alliteration in his Barmaley. But alliteration in songs, proverbs and even tongue twisters creates a very beautiful effect. After all, any tongue twister is a classic alliteration:
Alliteration is something like this artistic technique(usually in poetry, but also in songs or storytelling), in which similar-sounding consonants and vowels and their combinations are repeated to make the work or its fragment correspond to a certain mood. For example, in tee w otherwise w ur w at Kama w And; Sun yak sl abacus P hell for tobacco.
In Russian the term alliteration indicate the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a certain segment poetic text. It is important to undo that repetition identical words is not considered alliteration. Many sayings and tongue twisters are based on alliteration.
In poetry, the technique of alliteration is used to impart special sound expressiveness.
Alliteration is repetition of consonants or a set of consonant sounds, giving special sound expressiveness and imagery to artistic speech, mainly poetry; main element of phonics.
With alliteration, the frequency of consonant sounds in a specific passage or in the entire composition is greater in comparison with the average language, for example: “We can grow up to a hundred years without old age...” (V.V. Mayakovsky, poem “Good!”, 1927).
Use of alliteration in poetry
Alliteration in versification is used as original stylistic device increase phonetic expressiveness speech. Genius of rhyme and author of unique poetic forms V.V. Mayakovsky wrote: “I resort to alliteration for framing, to further emphasize the word that is important to me.”
The literature of all periods and countries of the world is rich in alliterations. Intentional consonance of consonants is present in the poems of legendary ancient authors, in particular Homer, Hesiod, Horace, Virgil, as well as in the works of many great European poets - D. Alighieri, F. Petrarch, P. de Ronsard, W. Shakespeare.
Alliteration is also very common in folklore. poetic creativity. Many sayings, including proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters, often contain alliteration: “The slower you go, the further you will go,” “Shallow, Emelya, your week,” “Buy a bunch of peaks,” etc.
Alliteration in Russian poetry
Alliteration in Russian poetry, in contrast to German, English, Finnish, Turkic versification, where it is the main technical method, used by the authors to the best of their ability artistic manner very reserved. Poems based on alliteration first appeared in Russia in the 18th century as a creative experiment of the famous Russian poet and scientist M.V. Lomonosov. The alliterative tradition was continued by the great Russian wordsmiths G.V. Derzhavin, A.P. Sumarokov, A.S. Pushkin, N.A. Nekrasov and others.
Alliteration reached its highest apogee in the era of symbolism, whose poets strived for phonic imagery in artistic speech. Prominent representatives Cultivating alliteration in Russian literature are K. D. Balmont, Igor Severyanin, Velimir Khlebnikov and others.
The special poetic effect of the poem is achieved by combining alliteration with repetitions of vowel sounds - assonance. Such consonances were subtly and elegantly used by the classic of Russian literature A. S. Pushkin, as, for example, in the poem “Autumn” (1833):
It's a sad time! charm of the eyes!
I am pleased with your farewell beauty...
The word alliteration comes from medieval lat. alliteratio, which means “consonance”.
Alliteration is literary device, used to enhance the expressiveness of textual material, consisting in the repetition of the same (or similar) consonant sounds, similar to the phenomenon being described. The word alliteration is derived from the Latin alliteratio (littera– letter).
Alliteration, in other words, is a means of sound writing; repetition of the supporting consonant.
Alliteration. Example 1
In Agnia Barto’s poem “A Joke about Shurochka,” words pronounced with the sound “sh” create the illusion of rustling leaves in autumn. It seems as if leaves are rustling and rustling somewhere nearby.
“The leaves (can you hear?) rustle:
Shurochka, Shurochka...
Shower of lace leaves
Rustle about her alone:
Shurochka, Shurochka..."
Alliteration like special welcome, used in poetry. Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote that in order to invent a poem, you need to come up with some kind of content, give it poetic form, (who likes what: iambic, trochee), “allow for alliteration”, arrange everything beautifully - and the work of poetry is ready. “I resort to alliteration for framing, to further emphasize a word that is important to me. You can resort to alliteration for simple word play, for poetic fun; old ( old for us) poets used alliteration mainly for melody, for the musicality of the word and therefore often used the most hated alliteration for me - onomatopoeic,” wrote V. Mayakovsky, the author of amazing poetic forms.
Vladimir Mayakovsky called for restraint in art. One should not always resort to elaborate alliteration, he noted. You need to turn on the “economy mode” when composing poetry, because this is one of the the most important rules production of aesthetic values.
Alliteration. Example 2
The Neva swelled and roared,
A cauldron bubbling and swirling...
A. Pushkin
I am the free wind, I blow forever,
making waves...
K. Balmont
Where is it, a bronze ringing or a granite edge...
V. Mayakovsky
The wind whistles silver wind,
In the silky rustle of snow noise.
S. Yesenin
Selection of material: Iris Review
The nature of any talent, including writing, is inexplicable. She is divine, talent is given from above. It is difficult to understand why life pulsates in every line of a real writer; every word evokes a response in the reader and listener. But it turns out that they can give additional expressiveness to the text special ways using the phonetic capabilities of the language.
One of the most commonly used tools of the poet and prose writer is alliteration. Examples of repeated sounds that give the text special phonetic effects can be found not only in poetry, but also in prose works.
Definition
Forms of phonetic decoration of speech are present in every language. These ways to increase language expressiveness using sound composition words are also called sound writing, or phonics.
Among them, alliteration and assonance are known: in the first case, the organized repetition of consonant sounds, in the second, assonance of vowels. Alliteration differs from other stylistic devices based on sound repetitions (rhyme, dissonance) by the irregular arrangement of homogeneous consonant sounds used. Their intensification in a small area of text is intended to strengthen emotional impact, sometimes with modification of semantic content. They can be located at the beginning of a verse, phrase, stanza, at the beginning of each word, or completely arbitrarily.
Folklore roots
Living languages cannot exist without nourishment from the depths of the people. Unknown storytellers have long decorated oral speech intonation enhancements and semantic accents. Naturally, among the ways to make an epic or fairy tale more interesting and expressive was alliteration. Examples of the use of sound repetitions are contained in the entire variety of folk word creation. In proverbs and sayings, for example, they create a special rhythm and sound marks that improve pronunciation and memorability:
Murder will out.
Meli, Emelya - your week.
In tongue twisters, an additional, playful function of alliteration appears. Special order in the arrangement of consonants, choosing them based on similar sounds makes pronunciation difficult and introduces a moment of competition (who can pronounce it faster and more clearly):
Sasha walked along the highway and sucked on a dryer.
Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass.
Buy a pile of spades.
Functions of alliteration
Expressing your ideas with utmost clarity, drawing attention to them with maximum expressiveness, filling every sound with emotion - the main objective a real writer. Alliteration also serves this purpose. Examples of it in Russian poetry and prose speak of in various ways, with the help of which this problem is solved.
In poetry, it is very important how a word sounds; its effect on the listener has a nature similar to music, and the sound essence of vowels and consonants is perceived by many poets as similar to notes. The use of organized, ordered repetition of consonants of different sounds - voiced, voiceless, hissing, etc. - has a rhythmic function:
From year to year / Bad weather (L. Martynov).
Here is a hole near the edge - this is a trace from the core (V. Vysotsky).
In this sense, the poetry of those called bards (who perform poems set to music, accompanied by a guitar) is especially indicative.
The impact of Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky's songs is largely based on his characteristic use of consonants; rarely has anyone sung them so drawn out. His poems and songs are full of the most expressive alliterations.
Sometimes, especially in poetry, alliteration is a way of connecting, integrating words into a single monolith, obtaining integrity - formal, but surprisingly impressive:
Forests are bald. / The forests have become deforested / The forests have become deforested. (V. Khlebnikov).
The gorilla spoke to them and sentenced them (Korney Chukovsky).
Language painting
The figurative function that alliteration has is impressive. Examples of its use are often based on onomatopoeia. For example, the sound of the wheels of a railway carriage:
They tapped the joints: east, east, east (P. Antokolsky).
The sound “p” and hissing help to hear and see how bubbles burst in fizzy wine:
The hissing of foamy glasses / And the golden flame of punch (A. Pushkin).
In the best examples of high poetry, alliteration is similar to the way of applying colorful brushstrokes to create an impressive painting:
Falling shoes and dripping wax are real to the point of physical sensations:
And two shoes fell
With a knock on the floor,
And wax with tears from the night light
It was dripping on the dress (B. Pasternak).
Tautogram, or initial alliteration
Sound repetitions, when words starting with the same letter, this is also alliteration. Examples from the literature showing such use of this stylistic device, often have the character of deliberateness, verbal balancing act, linguistic focus:
The black boat, alien to enchantment (K. Balmont).
The prosaic tautograms are especially impressive. Back in the Middle Ages, multi-page texts were written containing words starting with the same letter. And everyone knows children's rhymes - tautograms:
Peter the Great went for a walk, caught a quail - took it to sell, asked for fifty dollars - received a slap on the head.
Peaks of poetry
It is impossible to select words based only on the beauty of sound or ease of pronunciation; the main thing is the semantic content, the ideas conveyed to the listener or reader. And yet, the speech of great writers is especially expressive and euphonious, which is what alliteration serves. Examples in Yesenin's poems are a sign of the highest poetic skill.
By carefully selecting the predominant sound, the desired acoustic effect is achieved: here is the whistle of the wind, and the howl of a snowstorm. Subtle associations inspired by sound combinations used in the text have the visual and emotional coloring desired by the poet: the ringing shine of the surface of the lake and the light sadness of a bird’s song.
Double-edged tool
A passion for alliteration can become an end in itself - here they most often recall the futurist poets of the early 20th century: I Severyanin, K. Balmont, etc. Sometimes the meaning is hidden behind a palisade of sound repetitions, and the text becomes interesting as an example of poetic balancing act:
Filled with milk, it fell / It became livid and fell ingloriously (M. Kuzmin).
The waves caress towards the oar, / The lily caresses towards the moisture. (K. Balmont)
The most famous writers and philologists advocated restraint and moderation in the use of stylistic delights, which include alliteration and assonance. Examples of the masterful use of sound repetitions of vowels and consonants speak of high literary skill and taste. This can be found in the same I. Severyanin:
Elegant stroller, in electric beater,
It rustled elastically across the highway sand.
Alliteration in prose, examples
“Wearing a white cloak with a bloody lining and a shuffling cavalry gait, early in the morning of the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nisan, the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, came out into the covered colonnade between the two wings of the palace of Herod the Great.”
Who doesn’t know this phrase from Bulgakov’s novel? Is it possible not to hear in these lines the rhythm of a gait - majestic and senile at the same time, not to hear the echo of the procurator’s steps heard in the hall with a high colonnade?
Sound recording is characteristic the best examples prose texts that have no less impact than poetic lines. Even in choosing a character's name, repetition of sounds can be used. There is a similar alliteration in Dostoevsky. An example is in Crime and Punishment.
The severity of the problems facing the main character, his determination to take extreme measures is indicated by the expressiveness of the exciting combinations of the sound “r” - Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, and Porfiry Petrovich opposing him - the essence of the inevitability of justice. Here Dostoevsky appears as a direct follower of the methods of the great Gogol. How can one not remember Akaki Akakievich (Bashmachkin) or Chichikov - double sounds give the names additional expressiveness.
Out of time
The use of sound repetition methods is relevant for any type of word creation. Being present in classical poetic and prose texts, serving as an example for today's writers and copywriters, alliteration remains relevant.
Alliteration in advertising helps create memorable announcements, appeals, and even individual product names. Examples of highly effective work by copywriters are found at every step. Without realizing why this happens, we remember brands and slogans. Expertly used audio repeats make names and mottos easy to pronounce, stick in memory, and endow them with strong associations, which is the goal of advertising writers, for example:
- “Little Potatoes”, “Chupa-Chups”, “Our Mothers”, “Yolki-Palki”.
- "Brook-Bond" - Be on top!
Time to drink beer!
And how can one not recall the classic slogan that came from the pen of the great proletarian poet:
All we have left from the old world are Ira cigarettes!
For a soft drink, it would be a sin not to use a semantic allusion to thirst:
Antipyretic thirst quencher.
Imitating the sound of cleaning dishes is logically achieved by repeating special hissing sounds:
Comet. Cleanse and protect!
Limitless possibilities
Sound repetitions of consonants and vowels, melodious and abrupt, voiced and voiceless, in any language are used to increase the expressiveness of oral and written speech.
It is calculated that of the consonant sounds, “s” is most often used, and for alliteration, the more sonorous and clear ones are often used - “l”, “m”, “n”, “r”. But the main thing is that Russian is a language that provides huge, limitless possibilities for the use of assonance and alliteration, that a real author writing in Russian is distinguished by a clear connection between the significance of the thought conveyed to the listener or reader and the linguistic means of its expression.
(from Latin ad - to, with, with and littera - letter)
I. Alliteration is a consonance formed by the repetition of identical consonants in initial words verse.
That is, alliteration is the initial rhyme that was used in alliterative versification. Alliterative verse has been replaced by end rhyme verse.
In this meaning, alliteration is not found on the Unified State Exam in Russian language and literature. But there is no harm in knowing it.
II. Alliteration is a euphonic technique of repeating the same consonant sounds, which enhances the expressiveness of artistic speech.
Rhyming consonances are not included in alliteration.
Alliteration, like itself poetic work, is perceived by hearing, not sight. Chukovsky, referring to Blok’s words, said that the poet began writing “Twelve” with the line: “I’ll slash, slash with a knife!”, since “these two “w” in the first line seemed to him very expressive.” Chukovsky, who was engaged in journalism, gave this news to the mountain not in hot pursuit, but after long time, after the death of the poet. Blok, who had excellent hearing, could not say such nonsense. In the above line there are not two, but one sound “zh” in the word “knife”. In “uzh” the letter “zh” is written and the sound “sh” is pronounced.
Our proverbs and sayings are rich in alliteration:
Cabbage soup and porridge are our food
Meli, Emelya, your week
I would be glad to go to heaven, but sins are not allowed
IN still waters there are devils
The wolf took pity on the mare and left the tail and mane
Two inches from the pot
Murder will out
Gruzdev called himself get in the body
Easier than steamed turnips
Overseas the heifer is half a heifer, and the ruble is transported
Alliterations are found already in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”:
Trumpets sound in Novegrad, fortunes stand in Putivl...
Right off the bat, trampling the filthy Polovtsian plaka...
All the examples given indicate expressiveness, obligation and alliteration.
Alliteration often serves as onomatopoeia. This is its simplest use:
The echo roars across the mountains,
Like thunder rumbling over thunder.
With the sound combination “gr”, Derzhavin recreated, in his opinion, the menacing rumble of the unruly elements. Agreeing to in this case with the poet, it must be emphasized that even in onomatopoeic verses one cannot attach any semantic meaning to sounds:
The hiss of foamy glasses
And the punch flame is blue.
About these lines of Pushkin, T. Skorenko notes: “Here we hear the rustling of dresses and the hissing of punch thanks to the repetition of two consonants “p” and “w”.” To the rustling of dresses one can also add, for example, the rustling of a fern, the hissing of a python, the noise of trains, the whisper of girlfriends, and finally, the rustling of confused convolutions, past which reality itself has slipped, which cries out: “And what do ladies do where the punch is pouring, that is, on bachelor party"? After all, just a verse above, Pushkin wrote about “the hour of the single party.” No, T. Skorenko must definitely bring the ladies to the bachelor party, because “punch” and “dress” begin with the letter “p”, and even such a “meaningful” idea can be attributed to Pushkin.
Any property of a word attributed to sound is an expression of pure subjectivity. For example, Derzhavin considered the sound “r” unsuitable for “expressing the most tender feelings.” He wrote ten love poems, which do not contain words with this sound. And all these ten poems are artificial, deathly. And besides, who will agree with Derzhavin that words such as Russia, homeland, dear are not suitable for “expressing the most tender feelings”?!..
IN native speech There are not and cannot be dissonant sounds. They are all wonderful. And the fact that alliteration on l, m, n, r is most common is because they are the most sonorous of the consonant sounds.
Alliteration, acting as a kind of italics, can emphasize the author’s idea:
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured;
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia.
In Russian speech, the most common consonant sound is “s”. In Tyutchev’s text it occurs four times in the repeated, main word “Russia” and once each in the words “special” and “become”. Other words do not have this very common sound. But “Russia is becoming special” is the very idea for which the quatrain was written.
Alliteration is especially expressive when conveying deep feelings And strong excitement. In these cases, alliteration is not just a decoration that promotes euphony poetic speech, but highlights the most essential thing in it:
I don't expect anything from life,
And I don’t feel sorry for the past at all...
Lermontov
There is a tired tenderness in Russian nature,
The silent pain of hidden sadness,
The hopelessness of grief, voicelessness, vastness,
Cold heights, receding distances.
Balmont
And the spirits sighed, the eyelashes fell asleep,
The silks whispered anxiously.
Block
Alliteration, like any literary device, is a double-edged sword. Inappropriate and annoying alliteration can spoil the impression of poetry even for the most complacent poetry lover.
Allegory How literary term is interpreted in dictionaries contradictory and inaccurately, which is largely due to the use of this word in different areas reality.
In the ordinary understanding, an allegory is a material image of an immaterial concept. For example, the allegories of the prophet Isaiah: sword (war), ploughshare (peace).
Anaphora is stylistic figure, which is based on the repetition of any speech phenomenon. But unlike other types of repetition, such as epiphora, anaphora, as its name implies, refers to the repetition of the initial parts speech flow(sounds, words, phrases, poems, stanzas, rhythmic and syntactic constructions, intonation).
Textbooks on rhetoric (especially ancient ones) distinguish many varieties of anaphora. However, not all types of anaphora serve eloquence. Some of them are of a random nature (behind the fence), others serve not so much eloquence as its antithesis - eloquence.
Antithesis is a stylistic figure that connects contrasting concepts (light - darkness, love - hate, god - devil).
It lies at the basis of dialectics. Antithesis, using directly polar opposite phenomena, leads them to unity through the subordination of these opposites to each other.