Letter-sound analysis of words. Sound-letter analysis

Educator: Ilyinskaya Diana Vitalievna MADOU "DS No. 48" SEVERSK TOMSK REGION

Goals and objectives: development sound-letter analysis and synthesis of words; learn to correlate sounds with letters and symbols.

Teaching children to read and write in kindergarten carried out using the analytical-synthetic method. This means that children are introduced to the sounds of their native language first and then to the letters. Modern school, according to the Federal State Educational Standard, requires from children entering first grade not so much any amount of knowledge and skills, but the ability to act in mentally, which is formed in the process of assimilation of a knowledge system in a particular area of reality.

Therefore, already at preschool age, it is necessary to help children master a certain system of knowledge, which will become the basis for future study of the subject. Sound analysis is the determination, firstly, of the order of sounds in a word, and secondly, the selection individual sounds, thirdly, distinguishing sounds according to their qualitative characteristics. The Russian language is characterized by the opposition of vowels and consonants, hard and soft consonants.

The ability to hear and isolate all sounds in order prevents skipping letters in the future when writing.

Children five years old after classes in middle group are prepared to master sound analysis: they can identify sounds intonationally and determine the first sound in words.

But in order for a child to analyze a word, its sound composition must be materialized. The spoken word escapes, and it is very difficult for a child to identify certain parts or elements in it. It needs to be shown to preschoolers in terms of subject matter, presenting the sound structure in the form of a model.

For this purpose, a picture-scheme is used sound composition words It depicts an object, the name of which the child parses and places a row of chips under the picture according to the number of sounds in the word.

The drawing helps to always see the object whose name is being analyzed. The diagram makes it possible to determine the number of sounds in a word and check the correctness of its filling with chips.

The main type of exercise that develops students' phonetic abilities is phonetic analysis.

Getting to know curriculum shows that phonetic analysis means sound-letter analysis. However, the methodology distinguishes between the actual phonetic (or sound, and phonetic-graphic (or sound-letter)) parsing. The purpose of the first is to characterize the sound structure of a word without resorting to letters, the second includes actual phonetic analysis only as its initial stage, since main task it involves clarifying the relationship between the sound structure of a word and its letter designation.

Actually sound analysis children perform during the preparatory period of learning to read and write. With the transition to learning letters sound analysis unfairly almost completely excluded from use.

However, noting the importance of phonetic analysis itself, one cannot help but admit that it is natural that the main type of exercise from the moment children become familiar with letters is sound-letter analysis in its two varieties.

If we want to ensure that the child actually operates with sounds, that is, so that his phonetic hearing develops, it is advisable to conduct sound analysis in this sequence.

Say and listen to the word
Find the stressed syllable
Say the word syllable by syllable
Reach out (highlight with voice) first sound in full word, name it and describe it
Indicate the selected sound with a symbol
Do this until the end of the word
Say all the named sounds in a row. Listen to whether the word came out.

Let's comment on each point of this plan.

Say and listen to the word. This stage in working on a word is extremely important for the development phonemic hearing a child who is presented with the object of the upcoming analysis. sound word there is a moment. Then he disappears. It is invisible, intangible. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that students pronounce words in accordance with the norms of Russian literary pronunciation. Thus, the first stage of working with a word during sound analysis also becomes a means of educating students about culture oral speech.
Find the stressed syllable. Before isolating individual sounds in a word, it is necessary to find a stressed syllable, since the lexical meaning of the word sometimes depends on this. For example: [lock], [lock]. At the same time, children should know that a stressed syllable is only in a complete word.
Say the word syllable by syllable. The student must say the word twice. The first time he pronounces it entirely with a questioning or vocative intonation, which helps to easily find the stressed syllable. The second time the word is pronounced syllable by syllable.
Reach out (highlight with voice) the first sound in a complete word, name it and describe it. This is actually the beginning of the sound analysis of the word. Children need to be taught to stretch out the sound, artificially lengthen it, or designate it in some other way. For example, if the sound is explosive ([To], [d]…) , it can be repeated [kkot] or pronounce with effort while exhaling. This will help you hear the sound better. By isolating a sound in a complete word, the child controls whether the word is distorted, since between lexical meaning and the sound of the word there is an inextricable connection. Distortion of one of the elements of this integral connection destroys it.
Indicate the selected sound with a symbol. At the stage of sound analysis of a word, its recording with conventional symbols of each sound should not be associated with letter symbols. Over time, children, led by the teacher, will correlate these conventional icons with transcription icons and write the word like this: [p'is'mo]. At first, words that do not have spellings are used for sound analysis.

Sound-letter analysis is one of the most important species work that contributes to the further formation of spelling vigilance and the development of phonemic hearing; developing the ability to isolate sounds in a word, correctly name and characterize them; ability to correlate a word with its sound design and much more.

I carry out the work of sound-letter analysis of a word as follows:

I. I distribute cards:

II. I find out:

What is shown in the picture?
Divide the word into syllables (draw a line with a colored pencil), put emphasis (colored pencil).
Count the cells with letters?
Count the empty cells?
Which cells are there more? (or less)?
Let's find out why there are more empty cells (less, same)? The letter Yu makes two sounds [th] And [y], and in the word trees - ь - does not indicate a sound, but the letter i - will give two sounds [th] And [A] rush - makes no sound).
We pronounce the word, listen to ourselves: we find out that the letter Y makes two sounds.
We print sounds into empty cells.
We find out whether all sounds are pronounced the same way as they are written (printed), that is, we check the spelling of the word with the sound scheme. (For example, in the word lion, the letter v will give the sound [f]; in the word trees - ь - does not indicate a sound, but the letter i - will give two sounds [th] And [A], fruit - the letter d - will give a sound [T]) .
We characterize the sounds (vowel - stressed, unstressed, consonant - hard, soft, voiced, voiceless) coloring squares with colored pencils (green, blue. red), or lay out colored squares (green, red, blue) according to the sound characteristics.

In their work they relied on the research of: A. M. Borodich, G. S. Shvaiko, A. I. Maksakova, A. N. Gvozdeva, E. V. Kolesnikova, G. G. Golubeva, G. A. Tumakova, V. V. Gerbova, T. A. Tkachenko, A. K. Bondarenko, E. A Strebeleva, T. B. Filicheva, N. V. Novotortseva, etc., using the tables:

List of used literature.

Alexandrova T.V. "Live sounds or phonetics for preschoolers" // "Child in kindergarten" . -2005. - №5, 6, 7, 8.
Vasilyeva V.V. “Program for raising and training children in kindergarten” . - M.: "Education" , 2008
Gerbova V.V. “Speech development of older preschoolers in kindergarten” - M.: “Prosvesh 2008.”
Ilkonin D. B. "How to teach children to read" -M.: 1976
Kolesnikova E. V. Program for preparing children to learn literacy preschool age "From sound to word" (author's program) ed. 2 – e. M.: Publishing house. "Iuventa" , 2001 - With. 18 6.

Kolesnikova E. V. “Development of sound-letter analysis in children 5-6 years old” . M.: ed. "Iuventa" , 2003

7. Kolesnikova E. V. “Development of phonemic hearing in preschool children” . M.: ed. "Iuventa" 2005

8. Kulikovskaya T. A. "The best speech therapy games and exercises for speech development" LLC publishing house ASTREL M.: 2009.

9. Maksakova A. I. “Is your child speaking correctly?” - M.: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2005

10. Maksakova A. I. "Development correct speech child in the family" - M.: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2005.

As soon as the child masters the first letters, school teachers unobtrusively and patiently prepare him to study phonetics. The teacher pronounces the sentences clearly, slowly, stretching, syllable by syllable and emphasizes the necessary vowels. Children learn to listen to the sound, pronunciation and meaning of words and repeat them correctly.

In the Russian language there is a specific definition: phonetics (from the Greek φωνή - “sound”, φωνηεντικός - “sound”) is a subdivision of linguistics that studies speech and explains the sound structure of the language (sound combinations, syllables and rules for constructing speech).

Phonetic analysis consists of dividing a word into syllables, placing the correct emphasis, giving detailed description each letter and sound according to established rules. It is not necessary that their number coincide; some letters, depending on their location in a word, form two sounds at once, and there are also letters such as “ь” and “ъ”, which are not sounds at all, but affect the characteristics of the consonants next to which they are.

The population of Russia is represented big amount peoples with different languages and dialects. Therefore, sound analysis may differ in regions. The same word sometimes sounds differently - for example, northern peoples We are used to ok, in some areas the letters “g” and “t” are pronounced differently. For example, a resident central Russia will chant the word: “ha-ra-sho,” whereas in the northern Volga region and in Kirov region they will say clearly in letters: “ho-ro-sho.”

The first thing phonetic analysis begins with is the study of sounds, finding stressed and unstressed vowels. After learning the alphabet, the teacher shows the children how to group letters and sounds in order to later make a phonetic analysis.

The letters of the Russian alphabet are divided into vowels and consonants. According to some recommendations, th (and short) should be considered a semivowel sound.

Vowels, in turn, can be stressed or unstressed: you can correctly place the stress in a word using a dictionary; Consonant sounds are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiceless - those that are pronounced as if in a whisper: x, p, t, f, x, h, w, sch, c, voiced - th, k, n, g, z, v, r, l, d, g, m, b. Consonant sounds, depending on their location in words, have the properties of being soft and hard. If consonants are located after vowels: e, ya, ё, i, yu and the letters “b”, they are considered soft, if after other vowels they are considered hard.

Phonetic analysis scheme

The words indicated by the teacher are written out from the text, and then, after a hyphen, they are written broken down by syllables. An emphasis is placed, all letters are written in a column, next to them - in square brackets the word is written in sound or as it is heard, a line is drawn and the final result is calculated. Next is the analysis sound-letter parsing. The difference between sounds and letters in a word can be quantitative, that is, deviations can be in any direction, and qualitative.

Examples of parsing words based on phonetic features

How to correctly and consistently parse a word according to phonetic characteristics can be seen using examples:

Example No. 1

How to make a sound-letter analysis of the word “spring”:

Spring - spring - 2 syllables;

В – [в] – acc., deaf, soft (after v there is an e sound);

e - [e] - vowel, unstressed;

s - [s] - acc., deaf, hard;

n - [n] - consonant, voiced, deaf;

a - [a] - v., stressed.

5 - or 5 points, 5 stars;

IN in this example the number of letters and sounds is the same, but after “v” “e” is heard and pronounced, because sounds such as: e, i, yu do not exist.

Example No. 2

Autumn - o-autumn - 2 syllables;

5 B. and 4 stars, emphasis on “o”.

In the word “autumn,” the difference in the number of letters and sounds was formed because “b” softens the consonant in front, but the soft sign itself is not a sound.

Example No. 3

Berry - ya-go-da - 3 syllables, “ya” - stressed;

“Berry” - 5 b. and 6 stars

This happens because the letter “I” initially forms two sounds at once: “th” and “a”.

Example No. 4

Pohod - po-hod - 2 syllables, stressed - second “o”;

This example is interesting because, with the same number of letters and sounds, in in this case The pronunciation is decidedly different from the spelling. We hear “plowing”, we write “hike”.

Example No. 5

Holiday - holiday, “a” with emphasis.

In this case, the letter “d” is completely lost during audible pronunciation.

Good teacher, explaining how to correctly perform sound-letter analysis, will be able to interest students original examples, captivate literal parsing unfamiliar expressions, to become more familiar with the peculiarities of speech and dialects of peoples different regions, to show that phonetics is not a boring science, and studying the Russian language allows you not only to learn to write correctly, but also to expand your horizons and intellect.

Video

Using this video as an example, you will learn how to correctly parse words phonetically.

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Phonetic parsing of a word is increasingly causing difficulties, although similar tasks already performed in primary school. The essence of the analysis is hear and put on paper sound of the word. For most children, the task is difficult and incomprehensible. Let's try to help the guys analyze the word, answer the basic question of how many sounds there are in a word.

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Features of phonetics

The science of language has its own classification. One of its sections is phonetics. She learns sound composition of the language. The sound relationship in human speech is interesting:

you can pronounce several hundred sounds;
used to convey more than 50 thoughts;
V writing There are only 33 images of sounds.

To understand phonetics, you should highlight sounds and letters, distinguish them clearly.

letters are a symbolic image of what is heard, they are written and seen;
sounds are a pronounced unit of speech, they are pronounced and heard.

The spelling and pronunciation of one word often do not coincide. Signs (letters) can be less or more than sounds. An option is possible when one sound is pronounced, and the letter image of another is recorded on the letter. Such inconsistencies are explained by spelling and spelling rules. Phonetics reserves only pronunciation norms. What concepts are found in the “Phonetics” section:

sound;
syllable;

Each concept has its own characteristics and number of terms. This is how it is created a whole science. What is phonetic analysis of a word? This characteristics of its sound composition of a word.

Phonetics - scheme

Principles and rules

The main difficulties that arise during phonetic analysis are the frequent discrepancy between a letter and its pronunciation. It is difficult to perceive a word not as written, but as heard. Principle phonetic analysis – focusing on correct pronunciation. Some tips for conducting sound analysis of words:

Determine the sound features.
Write down the transcription of each letter.
Do not adjust sounds to letters, for example, zhi or shi sound [zhy], [shy].
Make adjustments, clearly stating each minimum unit speech.

Phonetic analysis of a word is performed in a certain sequence. Some of the data will have to be memorized, other information can be prepared in the form of a reminder. Specific areas of phonetics need to be understood. Phonetic processes that are considered basic in school education:

Stunning and voicing. The positions at which consonants become voiceless are the end of the word. Oak [dup].
Softening of consonants in position before soft ones. More often they become soft: z, s, d, t, n. Here - [z'd'es'].
Stunning of voiced consonants before voiceless ones. Teeth - [zupk’i].
Voicing of deaf people before voiced ones. To do - [zd'elat'], mowing - [kaz'ba].

In higher educational institutions phonetic processes, studied by philology students, more:

accommodation,
dissimilation,
reduction.

Such processes provide a deeper understanding of phonetics and transformation speech norms . They help future teachers see where children might go wrong and how to explain complex topics.

Phonetic analysis of a word - an example.

Characteristics of vowels and consonants

When dividing a word into sounds, the science of language recognizes the distribution into two large groups:

consonants;
vowels.

The main difference is in anatomical formation. Vowels - pronounced in a voice without obstacles with the participation of larynx and oral organs. The air leaves the lungs without interference. Consonants encounter obstacles during formation. It can be various organs or a combination of them: tongue, lips, teeth.

Vowels

There are only 6 of them in the language: a, o, u, y, e, i, and to convey them in writing you will need 10 alphabetic characters. Available in semivowel. IN school course she is considered agreeable - this is "th". It helps to hear letters i, ё, e, yu. In this case, two sounds will be heard:

ya – I;
ye – e;
yu – yu;
yo – yo.

Bifurcation appears under certain conditions:

At the beginning of the words: Yura, Yasha, Elena.
After vowels: quiet, blue, blue.
After hard and soft signs: blizzard, exit.

In other positions, after consonants, they soften, but do not create double sound.

Vowels can be divided into two groups.

Indicate the previous hard consonant: a, o, u, s, e.
They warn that there is a soft consonant ahead: i, e, e, i, e.

The main characteristic that is required to parse a word by sounds at school concerns stress. Vowels can be of 2 types: percussive and unaccented.

Phonetic structure, how many sounds in a word becomes clear only after analysis and presentation of it in the form of a diagram.

Speech sounds

Consonants

In russian language only twenty consonants. They can be divided according to the characteristics that will be required for analysis:

Paired by voicedness and deafness have the same articulation, which is why they can replace each other during pronunciation. Voiced in certain positions becomes deaf.

Attention! To memorize paired words, schoolchildren can be asked to memorize the first consonants of the alphabet.

Word model

For figurative perception and understanding of the structure of a speech unit, it has been developed sound model of a word. What is this parsing of words? In simple words- drawing up a diagram in the form of colored cards different forms: square and rectangle. Color differentiation:

hard consonants - blue square;
soft consonants - green square;
vowels – red square;
a syllable where a hard consonant with a vowel is a rectangle divided diagonally, blue and red (two triangles);
a syllable with a soft consonant and a vowel is a rectangle divided into two parts diagonally, green and red.

The sound model of a word is colored cards laid out in a certain sequence. The model is used in preschool institutions And primary school. She helps children learn to read. With the correct explanation, the teacher creates conditions for the merging of speech units into a single whole. Training is based on pictures simple and easy. In addition, the model of parsing words into sounds and letters is a way to hear the difference in the pronunciation of consonants and vowels.

Table of sound-letter parsing of words.

Analysis algorithm

Let's consider how the sound analysis of a word is carried out. The word is analyzed in writing. The process can be compared to the transcription we are used to when studying foreign languages. Analysis order:

Recording the orthographic spelling of the concept being analyzed.
Division into syllabic parts, into possible division into syllables (hyphenations).
Setting the accent correct location his place.
Distribution in order of their sound.
Characteristic.
Counting the number of letters and sounds.

To simplify the task, the word written in a column by separate letters, then next to each letter is decomposed into sounds with a description of their characteristics.

Example. Phonetic analysis of the word “everything”

Everything - 1 syllable

v- [f] - acc. hard, dull and steamy;

s - [s’] – acc., soft, deaf and paired;

ё - [o] – vowel and stressed.

Phonetic analysis of the word yula.

Phonetic analysis of the word “laser”, example

La-zer – 2 syllables

l - [l] - acc., hard, voiced and unpaired;

a - [a] – vowel and stressed;

z - [z’] – acc., soft, sonorous and paired;

e - [e] – vowel and unstressed;

p - [p] – agree, hard, voiced and unpaired.

All stages of analysis develop phonemic awareness. It is needed not only by future musicians.

Hearing helps with learning oratory , mastering Russian spelling, it is actively used by polyglots.

Syllabication

The sound pattern of a word begins by dividing it into syllables. The smallest unit of oral speech is the syllable. A clue for the child is the number of vowels: how many there are, so many syllables. In the Russian language, syllabic division into significant parts is subject to certain requirements. Phonetics rules don't always match with dividing words into parts for hyphenation.

Types of syllables:

open - end with a vowel;
closed - on a consonant;
covered - uncovered, which begin with a consonant.

Parsing a word into syllables is constructed according to the following rules:

A syllable must contain a vowel, one consonant (even significant part, for example, a prefix) cannot be a syllable: s-de-la-t - wrong, s-de-la-t - right.
A syllable often begins with a consonant; if it is followed by a vowel, it cannot remain a separate part: ko-ro-va - correct, kor-ova - incorrect.
The signs, hard and soft, are included in the previous one: horse - ki, rise - ride.
Letters that form a single sound are not divided into parts: by – zhe [zhe], learn [tsa].

IN attention! The order of analysis changes over time.

Parents often find that they were taught differently. New rules also appeared in syllabic division.

Previously, doubled consonants in the middle of a word were distributed according to different parts. Now they are introduced into the syllable they begin: kla - ssny, ka - ssa, ma-ssa.
Voiceless consonants go to the next syllable, voiced consonants go to the previous one: bun, then - chka.

Phonetic analysis of words

Russian lessons. Sounds and letters

Conclusion

Now you know how a sound analysis of a word is done and a diagram is created that conveys its sound in live speech. Parsing words helps develop phonetic hearing, strengthens memory, clarifies some spelling rules. Knowing the parsing algorithm will allow you to do everything quickly and competently.

What is phonetic analysis of a word?
What is transcription?
How to make a sound-letter analysis of a word?
What characteristics of vowels and consonants are given in phonetic analysis?

In spoken language, words are made up of sounds. In written language, words are made up of letters. We pronounce and hear sounds. We write and see letters. In writing, sounds are represented by letters.

Phonetic analysis of the word is an analysis of the sound composition of a word. To perform phonetic analysis means to characterize all the sounds that make up a word.

Note. In elementary school, this analysis is usually called sound-letter analysis words.

Notations used in phonetic analysis

The phonetic notation of a word is called transcription. The word specified for phonetic analysis is indicated in the text by the number 1.

To design phonetic notation, we use square brackets. Each sound corresponds to one sign. Capital letter not used. Words must be stressed. The softness of a consonant sound is indicated by [❜].

For example: pebbles[gal❜ka], leaf[l❜ist❜ik]

There is one more additional icon - the sign of the longitude of the consonant [bar at the top]. It is used in cases where two letters make one sound: long[long❜long❜], sew[sh yt❜].

The order of phonetic parsing of a word

Pronounce the word, set the number of syllables and stress location.
Carry out a phonetic recording of the word.
Describe each sound in sequence:
a) name the vowel sound, define it as stressed or unstressed;
b) name the consonant sound, determine whether it is voiced or voiceless; hard or soft.
Write down how many letters and sounds there are in the word.

Brief explanation of the content and sequence of phonetic parsing operations

Say the word and listen to yourself. To determine the number of syllables, you should pronounce the word while chanting, i.e. by syllables. To determine a stressed syllable, pronounce the word in its entirety, together.
Write down the transcription of the word (make a phonetic notation).
Characteristics of sounds is the naming of sounds in the order they appear in a word. This point is the actual sound analysis.
You should draw out or use your voice to highlight the first sound as part of a word (and not the way this sound sounds separately, alone), then highlight the remaining sounds in the same way.
After this, characterize the sound: is it a vowel - is it stressed or unstressed, is a consonant - is it voiced or unvoiced, does it have a voiced-dull pair, is it hard or soft, does it have a hard-soft pair.
Count how many letters there are in a word and write it down; count how many sounds there are in a word and write it down. Establish their correspondence, i.e. whether the number of letters and sounds is the same or whether there are more or less letters (sounds). Explain the reason different quantities letters and sounds.

When conducting phonetic analysis of a word, the following options are allowed:

1) in addition to the characteristics of sounds, you can indicate which letter indicates the analyzed sound on the letter;
2) the softness of sounds that do not have a hard-softness pair may not be indicated by the sign [❜].

Nightingale 1 they don't feed you fables

Sample of oral phonetic analysis

1-2. I say the word nightingale- [salav'y'a].
This word has three syllables - nightingale. Stressed syllable third. The emphasis falls on the sound [a]. The first and second syllables are unstressed.
Vowel sounds. In the first and second syllables, the sound [a], indicated by the letter o, is heard and pronounced indistinctly, because unstressed. In the third syllable, the sound [a], designated by the letter i, is heard and pronounced clearly, because shock.
Consonant sounds. The sounds [s] and [l] are heard and pronounced clearly, because are before vowels. The sound [v’] is heard and pronounced clearly. These sounds are designated by the letters es, el, ve. The sound [th’] is heard and pronounced clearly, because is located before the vowel sound and is separated from the previous sound by the separating sound ь.

3. Vowel sounds.

[a] - unstressed, indicated by the letter o;
[а́] - shock, indicated by the letter i.

Consonant sounds.

[s] - deaf double, hard double, designated by the letter es;
[l] - voiced unpaired, hard paired, designated by the letter el;
[v’] - voiced paired, soft paired, indicated by the letter ve;
[й'] - voiced unpaired, soft unpaired, indicated by the letters separating ь and я.

4. The word nightingale has 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number of letters and sounds is the same: b I has two sound meanings.

nightingale; so|lo|vya; 3 syllables.

s [s] - consonant, voiceless pair, hard pair;

o [a] - vowel, unstressed;

l [l] - consonant, voiced unpaired, hard paired;

o [a] - vowel, unstressed;

in [v’] - consonant, voiced pair, soft pair;

[th’] - consonant, voiced unpaired, soft unpaired;

I [a] - vowel, stressed.

7 letters, 7 sounds.

The number of letters and sounds is the same: b doesn't have sound value; I has two sound meanings.

It will be on our street too holiday 1.

Sample of written phonetic analysis

holiday; holiday; 2 syllables.

p [p] - consonant, voiceless pair, hard pair;

p [p] - consonant, voiced unpaired, hard paired;

a [a] - vowel, stressed;

z [z’] - consonant, voiced pair, soft pair

n [n’] - consonant, voiced unpaired, soft paired;

and [and] - vowel, unstressed;

k [k] - consonant, voiceless pair, hard pair.

8 letters, 7 sounds

The number of letters and sounds does not match, because the letter d has no sound meaning.

Remember: The following letters cannot be included in the transcription: I, Yu, E, Yo, b, b!

As soon as parents begin to think about how to teach their child reading skills, in addition to letters and syllables, the concept of “sound analysis of a word” appears. However, not everyone understands why it is necessary to teach a child who cannot read how to do it, because this can only cause confusion. But, as it turns out, the ability to write correctly in the future depends on the ability to correctly understand words into sounds.

Sound analysis of a word: what is it

First of all, it is worth giving a definition. So, sound analysis of a word is the definition of the order in which sounds are placed in specific word and characteristics of their features.

Why do children need to learn to perform sound analysis of a word? To develop phonemic awareness, that is, the ability to clearly distinguish sounding sounds and do not confuse words, for example: Tima - Dima. After all, if a child is not taught to clearly distinguish words by ear, he will not be able to write them down correctly. And this skill can be useful not only when studying the grammar of your native language, but also when studying the languages of other countries.

The order of parsing words by sounds

When performing a sound analysis of any word, you must first place the stress and then divide it into syllables. Then find out how many letters are in the word and how many sounds. Next step There will be a gradual analysis of each sound. After this, it is calculated how many vowels and how many consonants are in the analyzed word. At first, it is better for children to be given simple one-syllable or two-syllable words for analysis, for example their names: Vanya, Katya, Anya and others.

When the child has gradually figured out how to correctly analyze simple examples, it is worth complicating the analyzed word examples.

Sound analysis of a word: diagram

When working with very young children, better absorption information, special colored cards are used.

With their help, children learn to create a sound analysis scheme.

The scarlet card is used to represent vowel sounds. Blue - hard consonants, green - soft. To indicate syllables, two-color cards in the same color scheme are used. With their help, you can teach your child to characterize sounds and whole syllables. You also need a card to indicate stress and a card to show the division of the word into syllables. All these designations help teach a child to do sound analysis of a word (the diagram does not play a role in this last role), approved by the official school curriculum of Russia.

Vowel sounds and their brief characteristics. Diphthongs

Before you start analyzing a word, it is important to know what features all phonetic sounds (vowels/consonants) have. When teaching children early stages it is necessary to provide information only about the most simple properties, the child will study everything else in high school.

Vowel sounds (there are six of them: [o], [a], [e], [s], [u], [i]) can be stressed/unstressed.
Also in Russian there are letters that in a certain position can produce a pair of sounds - ё [yo], yu [yu], ya [ya], e [ye].

If they follow consonants, they sound like one sound and add softness to the preceding sound. In other positions (the beginning of a word, after vowels and “ъ” and “ь”) they sound like 2 sounds.

Brief characteristics of consonants

There are thirty-six consonant sounds in our language, but they are represented graphically by only twenty-one characters. Consonants are hard and soft, as well as voiced and voiceless. They also may/may not form pairs.

The table below lists voiced and unvoiced sounds that can form pairs, and those that do not have this ability.

It is worth remembering: the consonant sounds [th`], [ch`], [sh`] are soft in any position, and the consonants [zh], [ts], [sh] are always hard. The sounds [ts], [x], [ch`], [sch`] are absolutely always unvoiced, [m], [n], [l], [р], [й`] are (sonorous) or voiced .

Soft and solid sign and don't make any sounds. Soft sign makes the previous consonant soft, and the hard sign plays the role of a sound separator (for example, in Ukrainian the apostrophe plays a similar role).

Examples of sound analysis of words: “language” and “group”

Having understood the theory, it is worth trying to practice.

For example, you can conduct a sound analysis of the word “language”. This word Quite simple, and even a beginner can take it apart.

1) In this example there are two syllables “I-language”. 2nd syllable is stressed
2) The first syllable is formed using the diphthong “ya”, which is at the beginning of the word, and therefore consists of 2 sounds [y`a]. The sound [й`] is a consonant (ag.), soft (soft.) (green card), the second sound [a] is a vowel, unstressed (scarlet card). To indicate this syllable in the diagram, you can also take a two-color green-red card.

4) Syllable 2 “tongue”. It consists of three sounds [z], [s], [k]. Consonant [z] - hard, voiced (card of blue color). Sound [s] - vowel, shock (red card). Sound [k] - agree, hard, deaf. (blue card).
5) The emphasis is placed and checked by changing the word being analyzed.
6) So in the word “language” there are two syllables, four letters and five sounds.

One point is worth considering: in this example, the word “language” was understood as if it were for first-grade students who do not yet know that some vowels in an unstressed position can produce other sounds. In high school, when students deepen their knowledge of phonetics, they will learn that in the word “language” the unstressed [a] is pronounced like [i] - [yizyk].

Sound analysis of the word "group".

1) In the analyzed example there are 2 syllables: “group”. 1st syllable is stressed.
2) The syllable “gru” is made up of three sounds [gru]. The first [g] - agree, firm, ringing. (blue card). Sound [r] - agree, hard, ringing. (blue card). Sound [y] - vowel, shock. (scarlet card).
3) A card is placed in the diagram indicating the division of syllables.
4) The second syllable “ppa” has three letters, but they produce only 2 sounds [p:a]. Sound [p:] - agree, hard, deaf. (blue card). It is also paired and pronounced long (blue card). The sound [a] is vowel, unstressed (scarlet card).
5) Emphasis is placed in the scheme.
6) So, the word “group” consists of 2 syllables, six letters and five sounds.

The ability to do the simplest sound analysis of a word is not something difficult, in fact it is a fairly simple process, but a lot depends on it, especially if the child has problems with diction. If you figure out how to do it correctly, it will help you pronounce words in native language without errors and will contribute to the development of the ability to write them down correctly.