Love, family and other eternal values in the perception of Oblomov and Stolz
The friendship between such dissimilar people as Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts is amazing. They have been friends since early childhood, and yet they have so little in common! One of them is surprisingly lazy, ready to spend his whole life on the couch. The other, on the contrary, is active and active. Andrey s youth knows firmly what he would like to achieve in life. Ilya Oblomov did not encounter any problems in his childhood and youth. Partly, this calm, easy life, along with an overly gentle character, turned out to be the reason that Oblomov gradually became more and more inert.
Andrei Stolz's childhood was completely different. From a young age, he saw how hard his father’s life was and how much effort was required to “push off the bottom and float up,” that is, to earn a decent living. social status, capital. But difficulties not only did not frighten him, but, on the contrary, made him stronger. As he grew up, Andrei Stolz's character became more and more solid. Stolz knows well that only in constant struggle maybe he can find his happiness.
The main human values for him are work, the opportunity to build a prosperous and happy life for himself. As a result, Stolz gets everything he dreamed of in his distant youth. He becomes a rich and respected man, wins the love of such an extraordinary and unlike other girl as Olga Ilyinskaya. Stolz cannot stand inaction; he would never be attracted to such a life, which seems to be the height of happiness for Oblomov.
But is Stolz so ideal compared to Oblomov? Yes, he is the embodiment of activity, movement, rationalism. But it is precisely this rationalism that leads him into the abyss. Stolz gets Olga, organizes their life according to his own discretion and will, they live according to the principle of reason. But is Olga happy with Stolz? No. Stolz lacks the heart that Oblomov had. And if in the first part of the novel Stolz’s rationality is affirmed as a negation of Oblomov’s laziness, then in the last part the author is increasingly on the side of Oblomov with his “heart of gold.”
Oblomov cannot understand the meaning of human vanity, the constant desire to do and achieve something. He became disillusioned with such a life. Oblomov often recalls his childhood, when he lived in the village with his parents. Life there flowed smoothly and monotonously, not shaken by any noteworthy events. Such peace seems to Oblomov to be the ultimate dream.
In Oblomov’s mind there are no specific aspirations regarding the arrangement of his own existence. If he has plans for transformations in the village, then these plans very soon turn into a series of yet another fruitless dreams. Oblomov resists Olga's intentions to make him a completely different person, because this contradicts his own life guidelines. And Oblomov’s very reluctance to connect his life with Olga suggests that deep down in his soul he understands: family life with her will not bring him peace and will not allow him to selflessly indulge in his favorite business, that is, absolute inaction. But at the same time, Oblomov, this dove, has a “heart of gold.” He loves with his heart, not with his mind, his love for Olga is sublime, enthusiastic, ideal. Oblomov goes with the flow and becomes Agafya’s husband, because this accomplished fact does not threaten his comfortable and calm existence.
Such family life does not frighten Oblomov; Agafya’s attitude towards him fits perfectly into his ideas about happiness. Now he can continue to do nothing, degrading more and more. Agafya takes care of him, showing herself the perfect wife for Oblomov. Gradually, he stops even dreaming; his existence becomes almost completely similar to that of a plant. However, this does not frighten him at all; moreover, he is happy in his own way.
Thus, Goncharov in his novel does not condemn either Oblomov or Stolz, but also does not idealize any of them. He just wants to show different views on the moral and spiritual values of two opposing people. At the same time, the author says that a rational attitude to life and feelings (Stolz) impoverishes a person no less than boundless daydreaming (Oblomov).
Among those whose names are associated with December armed uprising 1825, there is a poet and friend of A.S. Pushkin Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, whose biography formed the basis of this article. He did not reach heights either in art or in social activities, nevertheless, people like him were the spiritual and moral basis Russian society, which is talked about so much today.
The young offspring of the Russified Germans
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich, the future Decembrist poet, was born on June 21, 1797 in St. Petersburg into a family of Russified German nobles. His childhood years were spent in Livonia on the family estate Avenorm. Elementary education, as was customary in noble families, the boy received a home, and when he turned eleven years old, he continued his studies at a private boarding school in the Estonian city of Verro. The result three years spent at this educational institution resulted in a silver medal and bright plans for the future.
Their implementation was facilitated by a distant relative of the family, the Minister of War and the future hero of 1812 - Barclay de Tolly. Under his patronage, fifteen-year-old Wilhelm Kuchelbecker was accepted into the most privileged educational institution countries - the recently opened Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. By the will of fate, he happened to be among his first students.
Without realizing it, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, or as his classmates called him - Kuchlya, found himself among the people who were destined to mark with their names an entire era in the history of Russia. Suffice it to say that his comrades were as young as himself, Prince A.M. Gorchakov - future star of Russian diplomacy, writer A.A. Delvig, Decembrist I.I. Pushchin and, finally, the unsurpassed luminary Russian poetry- Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
The ugly duckling of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
As a rule, in encyclopedic publications, when talking about Kuchelbecker’s lyceum years, the emphasis is on his early passion for poetry and his first publications in the magazines “Son of the Fatherland” and “Amphion”. At the same time, in most cases, the personal tragedy experienced within the walls of a renowned educational institution is omitted.
From the memoirs of contemporaries it is known that by nature Wilhelm Kuchelbecker was a very shy young man, completely unable to stand up for himself and had a phenomenal ability to get into ridiculous situations. Such a combination of qualities rarely goes unpunished in teenage environment, even if it was a noble one.
As a result, the unrequited Küchlya very soon became a target for ridicule, and sometimes very cruel jokes from his comrades. Naturally, this injured his pride and sometimes caused unbearable pain. The result was a suicide attempt, undertaken in response to yet another insult. The unfortunate man tried to drown himself in one of the many ponds in Tsarskoye Selo, but he could not complete this either.
As a result, amid general laughter, he was pulled ashore - wet, pitiful and even more ridiculous than before. However, the desperate act forced many, including Pushkin himself, to change their attitude towards him. It is even known that some of the former scoffers and offenders became his patrons after the incident.
Wilhelm Kuchelbecker became close to Alexander Sergeevich thanks to poetry. In those years, among lyceum students, the passion for poetry was a universal phenomenon, and many of them tried their hand at imitating both ancient Greek authors and famous compatriots, among whom G.R. Derzhavin. It was Pushkin who was the first reader and impartial critic of the poems of the future Decembrist.
In a new field
Having graduated from the Lyceum in 1817 with a silver medal, Wilhelm Karlovich, together with his classmate and friend A.S. Pushkin was appointed to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, but soon diplomatic service chose pedagogy, becoming a teacher at the Noble Boarding School, created at the Main Pedagogical Institute.
And here fate wanted to bring him together with people who left their names in history. Among Kuchelbecker's students was the future "father of Russian classical music» M.I. Glinka and brother A.S. Pushkin - Lev Sergeevich.
Paris lectures and their sad outcome
After serving in the teaching field for three years, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker retired and served as secretary to Chief Chamberlain A.L. Naryshkina went abroad, visiting Germany and then France, where his journey was unexpectedly interrupted. The reason for this was the lectures on Russian literature that he gave in Paris, accompanying them own writings who were extremely freedom-loving in nature. On demand Russian Ambassador lectures were banned, and Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, whose poems created his reputation as an unreliable person, was forced to return to Russia.
Service in the Caucasus
It is unknown how things would have turned out further fate a nobleman who had tarnished his reputation with political sedition, but the former Lyceum friends, and with their help, Küchelbecker managed to get a place at the headquarters of General Ermolov, who commanded the Russian troops in the Caucasus. While in Tiflis, he met and became friends with another an outstanding person of his era - Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, who became his idol until the end of his life.
Excessive vulnerability of character, which manifested itself in Wilhelm Karlovich back in Lyceum years, let him down this time too, forcing him to challenge one of Ermolov’s relatives to a duel for a minor reason. The duel ended without bloodshed, but further service there could be no question in the general's retinue. I had to resign.
Fatal day - December 14
Even when he was a teacher at the Noble boarding school, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, carried away by the idea of overthrowing the autocracy, became part of the secret, or, as it is sometimes called, the pre-Decembrist organization “Sacred Artel”. In 1825, a few days before the events on Senate Square it was introduced by K.F. Ryleev to the Northern Society.
On the morning of December 14, together with the rest of the conspirators, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, a friend of Pushkin and Griboyedov, was on Senate Square. His participation in the uprising was not limited to just a passive presence. Twice he tried to shoot at the emperor’s brother, Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, but, fortunately for both, the gun stubbornly misfired.
Political criminal
When it became obvious that the uprising was doomed, Kuchelbecker managed to quietly leave the square and hastily go abroad, hoping in this way to escape persecution by the authorities, but this only delayed his arrest. A month later, Wilhelm Karlovich was accidentally identified on the outskirts of Warsaw and taken in shackles to St. Petersburg, where he was placed in the casemate of the main political prison in Russia - the Peter and Paul Fortress.
In July of the following year, 1826, by a court decision he was sentenced to hard labor for a period of twenty years (later the term was reduced to fifteen) and was first kept in the notorious Shlisselburg fortress, and then was transferred to the prison companies located at the Dinaburg fortress on the territory of the present Latvian city of Daugavpils.
last years of life
Despite the fact that there were still five years left before the end of his term, in 1836, by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker was transferred from hard labor to a settlement in the remote city of Barguzinsk, located in the Irkutsk province. There he settled with his younger brother Mikhail Karlovich and ran a joint household with him, opening in his house free school for local children.
His future fate is very sad. Literary pursuits did not bring success among readers, and his marriage to the daughter of the Barguzin postmaster Drosida Ivanovna Artenova, a naturally kind but completely illiterate girl, although it brought some peace to his soul, hardly gave him happiness.
In the last years of his life, unable to return to St. Petersburg, Kuchelbecker repeatedly changed his place of residence. From Barguzin he moved to the city of Akshsk in the Trans-Baikal Territory, then to the city of Kurgan and, finally, to Tobolsk. Sick with consumption and completely lost sight former Decembrist died August 23, 1846.
In subsequent years, many poems and poems, authored by Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, were published. Interesting Facts from his life formed the basis of a series literary works, written based on this tragic fate. Remembering him, one can talk about a lot, but the main thing that does not allow the name of this man to fade is his boundless readiness for self-sacrifice for the sake of the ideal to which he dedicated his life.
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich
Russian poet, Decembrist. Friend of A.S. Pushkin. Participant in the uprising on Senate Square (1825). Sentenced to imprisonment and eternal exile. Odes, messages ("The Death of Byron", 1824; "Shadow of Ryleev", 1827), tragedies ("Argives", 1822 - 25, "Prokofy Lyapunov", 1834), romantic drama "Izhorsky" (published 1835, 1841, 1939 ), poem "The Eternal Jew", publ. 1878), novel "The Last Column" (1832 - 43; published 1937). Critical articles; "Diary", written in prison (published 1929).
Biography
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797 - 1846), poet, prose writer.
Born on July 10 (21 NS) in St. Petersburg into a noble family of Russified Germans. He spent his childhood in Estonia, where the family settled after his father’s retirement.
In 1808 he was sent to a private boarding school, and three years later he entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where Pushkin and Delvig became his friends. WITH early years showed traits of freedom-loving, was a member of the circle of the Decembrist Burtsev, deeply studied social Sciences, compiled a dictionary political terms, was seriously engaged in literature. He was considered one of the recognized lyceum poets. Already in 1815 he published in the magazines “Son of the Fatherland” and “Amphion”, took an active part in the “Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature”, at one of whose meetings in 1820 he read poems dedicated to the exiled Pushkin, which served as a reason for denunciation of Kuchelbecker. Feeling the impending danger, on the advice of friends he goes abroad as the secretary of the nobleman A. Naryshkin. He visited Germany, where he visited Goethe, to whom he dedicated the poem “To Prometheus.” In Paris he gave lectures on Russian literature, which had big success. The freedom-loving nature of these lectures displeased the tsar's envoy, who achieved the immediate return of the poet to Russia.
Friends helped him enter the service of General Ermolov, and in 1821 he went to the Caucasus, in Tiflis he met and became friends with Griboyedov. However, already in May 1822, Kuchelbecker submitted his resignation and went to his sister at the Zakup estate in the Smolensk province. I wrote a few here lyric poems, finished the tragedy "The Argives", composed the poem "Cassandra", began a poem about Griboyedov.
Material circumstances prompted him to come to Moscow in the summer of 1823. The poet became close to Odoevsky, together with whom he began to publish the almanac Mnemosyne, where Pushkin, Baratynsky, and Yazykov were published. Kuchelbecker wrote poems about the uprising in Greece, on the death of Byron, messages to Ermolov, Griboedov, and the poem “The Fate of Russian Poets.”
In 1825 he settled in St. Petersburg, entered the circle of Decembrists, and was accepted as a member of the Northern Society. On December 14, Kuchelbecker, one of the few “civilians” among the military, showed vigorous activity: he visited the rebel units, behaved courageously in the square, and shot at Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich. When the rebel troops were scattered, dressed in peasant clothes, he tried to flee abroad. Arrested in Warsaw, he was sentenced to death penalty, later replaced by long hard labor.
After ten years of solitary confinement in the Dinaburg and Sveaborg fortresses, he was exiled to Siberia for a settlement. However, both in the fortress and in exile, he continued to be creative, creating such works as the poem "The Orphan", the tragedies "Prokofy Lyapunov" and "Izhora", the story "The Last Column", the fairy tale "Ivan, the Merchant's Son", the memoirs "Shadow" Ryleev", "In Memory of Griboyedov". Pushkin managed to publish some of his works under a pseudonym.
After the death of his great friend, Kuchelbecker lost this opportunity.
In exile, Kuchelbecker married the daughter of postmaster Artyomov, an illiterate woman whom he taught and raised. Together with his family, he moved from one Siberian town to another and, finally, already sick with tuberculosis and blind, settled in Tobolsk.
They wrote a lot about the Decembrists in different ways. Some analyzed them with cold hearts social programs. Others turned with spiritual delight to the analysis of their position in life.
Why do scientists and writers study their lives with such unrelenting enthusiasm? 170 years ago everyone was talking about them enlightened Russia, monarchs and governments “corresponded” about them, compiled secret reports. There are thousands of publications, dissertations, poems and novels about their lives. Some scolded them, others admired them.
Pushkin considered himself a Decembrist, sadly recalling in his poem “Arion”: “There were many of us on the canoe...”.
The fates of these people are contradictory. And, I think, it is ambiguous what would have happened to Russia if they had won. IN critical situations(arrest, interrogation, cell, exile, hard labor) they behaved differently.
I was interested in the fate of one of these people - the Decembrist poet Wilhelm Karlovich Kuchelbecker. His life path was thorny and difficult. The fate of his works is especially tragic.
Researcher of the life and work of V. K. Kuchelbecker, Yuri Nikolaevich Tynyanov, wrote: “The poetic fate of Kuchelbecker is, perhaps, the most shining example destruction of the poet, which was carried out by the autocracy." The poet was 28 years old when, by the will of the autocracy, he was erased from literary life Russia: after 1825, the name of Kuchelbecker completely disappeared from the pages of magazines; Untitled or signed by pseudonyms, his works appeared rarely. He died in obscurity and poverty, leaving behind him a huge number of notebooks with unpublished poems, poems, dramas, and stories. Before his death, Kuchelbecker sent V.A. Zhukovsky a proud and mournful letter: “I am speaking with a poet, and moreover, the half-dying person acquires the right to speak without much ceremony: I feel, I know, I am completely convinced, just as I am convinced of my existence, that Russia can oppose the Europeans with dozens of writers equal to me in imagination, in creative power, in scholarship and variety of writings. Forgive me, my kind mentor and first leader in the field of poetry, this proud outburst of mine! But, really, my heart bleeds if you think that everything I have created will perish with me, like an empty sound, like an insignificant echo!” (1).
For almost a century after his death, the poet's major works were not published; Over the years, numerous studies by literary scholars - Pushkinists - have brought to light a huge number of witticisms and parodies, caricatures and absurd incidents associated with the name of Kuchelbecker (2, 3). The poet was destroyed in advance in the eyes of his possible readers, who did not yet know or read his works. Only in the 1930s, through the works of the Russian writer Yu. N. Tynyanov (1894-1943), the poet was resurrected for the first time. His famous novel"Kyukhlya" was released in 1925.
Referatyk.com›biografii/13866-diplomnaya_rabota:_…
The purpose of this article is to find out how the death of the Decembrist poet WILHELM KUCHELBECKER from tuberculosis is included in his FULL NAME code.
Watch in advance "Logicology - about the fate of man"
Let's look at the FULL NAME code tables. \If there is a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale\.
11 42 64 70 82 111 113 119 130 136 153 156 166 178 207 211 217 229 258 271 282 283 300 312 327 330 340 364
K YUKHEL BEKER VIL GEL M KARLOVICH
364 353 322 300 294 282 253 251 245 234 228 211 208 198 186 157 153 147 135 106 93 82 81 64 52 37 34 24
3 13 25 54 58 64 76 105 118 129 130 147 159 174 177 187 211 222 253 275 281 293 322 324 330 341 347 364
VIL GEL M KARLOVICH K YUKHEL B EKER
364 361 351 339 310 306 300 288 259 246 235 234 217 205 190 187 177 153 142 111 89 83 71 42 40 34 23 17
KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH = 153-FROM PULMONARY EDEMA + 211-\ 63-DEath + 148-END OF LIFE\.
118 = WILHELM, TU (berculosis), PULMONARY EDEMA.
93 = KARLOVICH, CONSUMPTION.
153 = KUCHELBECKER, KOCH’S BACILLA + EXHAUSTION, (death)EL FROM EDEMA OF THE LEO(gkih).
364 = 187-\ 28-(tuberku)LEZ + 159-BLOOD POISONING\ + 177-(stick)CHKOKH KILLED.
Let's check the decryption with the table:
12 19 28 43 62 79 80 83 95 101 115 125 131 142*159*174**177**187**
(tuberka) L E Z + O T R A V L E N I E K R O V I
364 352 345 336 321 302 285 284 281 269 263 249 239 233 222*205**190**187**
211**222**237 247 258*273 295 296 305 306*310**330*332 344 350 364
(fall) C H K O Y K O H A + Z A G U B L E N
177**153**142*127 117 106* 91 69 68 59 58** 54* 34* 32 20 14
The tables contain 2 chains of 6 consecutive numbers: 159-174-177-187-211-222 142-153-177-187-190-205
And also 6 matching columns: 174**\\205** 177**\\190** 187**\\187** 211**\\177** 222**\\153** 58** \\310**
In decryptions:
(stick) KOH(a) + DEATH + PATIENT WITH PULMONARY TU (berculosis) = 264.
INFECTION OF TUBERK(ulcer) + CONCH(ina) + (death) FROM EDEMA OF THE LE(g) = 264
We will also see 6 matching columns.
In decipherment: (for) ILLNESS (of) LEG(s) + (destructive) DYING WITH POISONS + (detrimental) POISONING of LEG(s) = 364
7 matching columns.
Consider a decryption with 10 matching columns:
(bacteria from the lungs) + (death) of the patient + (death) from the swelling of the lungs = 364.
3** 13** 25** 35 47 54* 58** 64** 76** 105** 107 122 134 163 177*192 196 211*
(bacteria otra) V I L I L E G (kie) + (gib) E L B O L N O G O +
364**361**351**339* 329 317 310** 306**300**288** 259*257 242 230 201 187*172 168
217**229**258** 273 292 307 326 333 344 345 357 364
(gib) E L O T O T Y K A L Y (gkih)
153**147**135** 106* 91 72 57 38 31 20 19 7
The tables contain 2 chains of 5 consecutive numbers: 54-58-64-76-105 259-288-300-306-310
3 chains of 4 consecutive numbers: 211-217-229-258 106-135-147-153 339-351-361-364
And along the 1st chain of 3 consecutive numbers: 3-13-25
And also 10 matching columns: 3**\\364** 13**\\361** 25**\\351** 58**\\310** 64**\\306** 76** \\300** 105**\\288** 217**\\153** 229**\\147** 258**\\135**
Code for the DAY OF DEATH: 128-ELEVENTH + 66-AUGUST = 194 = 20-(uh)OD (from life) + 174-INTOXICATION.
15** 20** 30** 44** 58 59 64 87* 88 107*122 128* 129**132 136 156 174*193 194
O D I N N A D C A T O E A V G U S T A
194**179**174**164**150*136 135 130 107*106 87* 72 66** 65* 62 58 38 20* 1
15** 20** 30** 44** 63 78 89 107*117 128*129**152 162 194
(uh)O D + I N T O C S I C A T I O
194**179** 174**164**150*131 116 105 87* 77 66** 65* 42 32
The tables contain 1 chain of 5 consecutive numbers: 150-164-174-179-194
And 1 chain of 4 consecutive numbers: 15-20-30-44
And also 5 matching columns: 15**\\194** 20**\\179** 30**\\174** 44**\\164** 129**\\66**
Decryption: (uh) OD + INTOXIC(TION) LEADS TO GI(leucorrhoea) = 194
I (uh)OD + INTOXIC(tion) + V L(light sticks)A KOHA = 194
Number code full YEARS LIVES: 76-FORDY + 94-NINE = 170 = LIFE IS OVER.
364 = 170-FORTY-NINE + 194-MYCOBACTERIA IN THE LUNG, AUGUST ELEVENTH.
It seems that the universal decoding for pulmonary tuberculosis will be this:
170 = FORTY-NINE = C(death) OR(organism) +(b)ACTE(ries) IN (lungs) + I(d) + (death)TH.
Let's check the decryption with the tables:
18** 33** 50** 65 76 81*87** 90**122**141**170**
FORTY NINE
170**152**137**120*105 94 89** 83** 80** 48** 29**
18** 33** 50** 51 62 81* 87** 90** 122** 141**170**
C (death) O P (organism) + (b) A K T E (rii) B (lungs) + I (d) + (death) T b
170** 152**137** 120*119 108 89** 83** 80** 48** 29**
The tables contain 1 chain of 6 consecutive numbers: 81-87-90-122-141-170
1 chain of 5 consecutive numbers: 29-48-80-83-89
1 chain of 4 consecutive numbers: 120-137-152-170
And 1 chain of 3 consecutive numbers: 18-33-50
And also 8 matching columns:
18**\\170** 33**\\150** 50**\\137** 87**\\89** 90**\\83** 122**\\80** 141**\\48** 170**\\29**
Of the numbers related to the sentence FORTY-NINE, we see only two, coming one after another.
Look at the lower table of the FULL NAME code:
76 = (soro)K NINE(s); 105 = (soro)K NINE.
105 = (soro)K NINE
______________________________________________
288 = DEATH + INTOXICATION OF ORGAN(ism)
288 - 105 = 183 = DEATH CAME, where DEATH CAME = 170 = FORTY-NINE.
Russian poet, Decembrist. Friend of A.S. Pushkin. Participant in the uprising on Senate Square (1825). Sentenced to imprisonment and eternal exile. Odes, messages ("The Death of Byron", 1824; "Shadow of Ryleev", 1827), tragedies ("Argives", 1822 25, "Prokofy Lyapunov", 1834), romantic drama "Izhorsky" (published 1835, 1841, 1939 ), poem "The Eternal Jew", publ. 1878), novel “The Last Column” (1832 43; published 1937). Critical articles; "Diary", written in prison (published 1929).
Biography
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797 1846), poet, prose writer.
Born on July 10 (21 NS) in St. Petersburg into a noble family of Russified Germans. He spent his childhood in Estonia, where the family settled after his father’s retirement.
In 1808 he was sent to a private boarding school, and three years later he entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where Pushkin and Delvig became his friends. From an early age he showed traits of love of freedom, was a member of the circle of the Decembrist Burtsev, deeply studied social sciences, compiled a dictionary of political terms, and was seriously involved in literature. He was considered one of the recognized lyceum poets. Already in 1815 he published in the magazines “Son of the Fatherland” and “Amphion”, took an active part in the “Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature”, at one of whose meetings in 1820 he read poems dedicated to the exiled Pushkin, which served as a reason for denunciation of Kuchelbecker. Feeling the impending danger, on the advice of friends he goes abroad as the secretary of the nobleman A. Naryshkin. He visited Germany, where he visited Goethe, to whom he dedicated the poem “To Prometheus.” In Paris he gave lectures on Russian literature, which were a great success. The freedom-loving nature of these lectures displeased the tsar's envoy, who achieved the immediate return of the poet to Russia.
Friends helped him enter the service of General Ermolov, and in 1821 he went to the Caucasus, in Tiflis he met and became friends with Griboyedov. However, already in May 1822, Kuchelbecker submitted his resignation and went to his sister at the Zakup estate in the Smolensk province. Here he wrote several lyrical poems, finished the tragedy "The Argives", composed the poem "Cassandra", and began a poem about Griboedov.
Material circumstances prompted him to come to Moscow in the summer of 1823. The poet became close to Odoevsky, together with whom he began to publish the almanac Mnemosyne, where Pushkin, Baratynsky, and Yazykov were published. Kuchelbecker wrote poems about the uprising in Greece, on the death of Byron, messages to Ermolov, Griboedov, and the poem “The Fate of Russian Poets.”
In 1825 he settled in St. Petersburg, entered the circle of Decembrists, and was accepted as a member of the Northern Society. On December 14, Kuchelbecker, one of the few “civilians” among the military, showed vigorous activity: he visited the rebel units, behaved courageously in the square, and shot at Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich. When the rebel troops were scattered, dressed in peasant clothes, he tried to flee abroad. Arrested in Warsaw, he was sentenced to death, which was later commuted to long hard labor.
After ten years of solitary confinement in the Dinaburg and Sveaborg fortresses, he was exiled to Siberia for a settlement. However, both in the fortress and in exile, he continued to be creative, creating such works as the poem "The Orphan", the tragedies "Prokofy Lyapunov" and "Izhora", the story "The Last Column", the fairy tale "Ivan, the Merchant's Son", the memoirs "Shadow" Ryleev", "In Memory of Griboyedov". Pushkin managed to publish some of his works under a pseudonym. After the death of his great friend, Kuchelbecker lost this opportunity.
In exile, Kuchelbecker married the daughter of postmaster Artemov, an illiterate woman whom he taught and raised. Together with his family, he moved from one Siberian town to another and, finally, already sick with tuberculosis and blind, settled in Tobolsk.
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846), writer, Decembrist.
Born on June 21, 1797 in St. Petersburg. He came from a noble family of Russified Germans. He graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (1817), where his friendship with A. S. Pushkin and A. A. Delvig began.
Then he served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, teaching Russian and Latin. In 1820-1821 traveled around Europe; read in Paris public lectures about Russian literature, while also talking about the need political changes in Russia. The performances were interrupted by order of the Russian embassy.
In 1822, Kuchelbecker served as an official in the Caucasus special assignments under General A.P. Ermolov. In November 1825, he was accepted by K. F. Ryleev into the secret Northern society. During the uprising on December 14, 1825 in St. Petersburg, Kuchelbecker shot at Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich and lined up soldiers for a counterattack.
After the failure of the uprising, he tried to flee abroad, but was arrested in Warsaw and sentenced to death, which was then replaced by hard labor in the Dinaburg fortress.
From 1836 he lived in a settlement in Siberia.
Kuchelbecker began publishing in 1815. In his early poems he followed the tradition of elegiac poetry of V. A. Zhukovsky, from the beginning of the 20s. XIX century actively opposed sentimentalism, defending romanticism. He wrote a programmatic article “On the direction of our poetry, especially lyrical, in the last decade” (published in 1824 in the almanac “Mnemosyne”, which Wilhelm Karlovich published together with V.F. Odoevsky).
In contrast to the “chamber lyricism,” Küchelbecker creates the tyrant-fighting tragedy “The Argives” (1822-1825), the poems “To Achates”, “To Friends on the Rhine” (both 1821) - works filled with civic pathos.
In captivity and exile, Kuchelbecker did not change his previous ideals (the poems “Elegy”, 1832; “On the Death of Yakubovich”, 1846, etc.), although in his lyrics the motives of loneliness and doom intensified (“October 19” , 1838; “The Fate of Russian Poets”, 1845; tragedy “Prokofy Lyapunov”, 1834).
The mystical idea of the predetermination of tragic fate was reflected in the most significant prose work- the story “The Last Column” (not finished).
Much credit is due for the publication of Küchelbecker’s works in the 20th century. belongs to the writer Yu. N. Tynyanov.