Russia, Russia
Ilovlya- a river in the European part of Russia, a left tributary of the Don.
The total length of Ilovlya is 358 km, and the basin area is 9250 km². Flows through the Saratov and Volgograd regions, in general direction to the southwest. Between the beginning of December and the end of March it freezes, and in the summer it breaks up into separate reaches. In ancient times, between the Ilovlya riverbed and modern city Kamyshin and Volga there was a portage from the Volga basin to the Don. In the 16th and 18th centuries, attempts were made to connect the Ilovlya riverbed with a canal to the Volga.
Geography
Ilovlya flows through the territory of the Krasnoarmeysky district Saratov region, as well as Kamyshinsky, Olkhovsky and Ilovlinsky Volgograd region. In addition, the Ilovlya basin collects runoff from the right bank of the Volga, sometimes approaching several kilometers to the Volga bed. In addition to the above areas, the Ilovlya basin is also located on the territory of the Zhirnovsky, Kotovsky, Frolovsky and Dubovsky districts of the Volgograd region.
Write a review about the article "Ilovlya (river)"
Notes
Links
- Ilovlya (river in the RSFSR) // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Ilovlya // Dictionary of modern geographical names/ Rus. geogr. about. Moscow center; Under general ed. acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. . - Ekaterinburg: U-Factoria, 2006.
 |
This |
| Other | |
|---|---|
Excerpt characterizing Ilovlya (river)
Pierre has hardly changed in his external techniques. He looked exactly the same as he had been before. Just as before, he was distracted and seemed preoccupied not with what was in front of his eyes, but with something special of his own. The difference between his previous and present state was that before, when he forgot what was in front of him, what was said to him, he, wrinkling his forehead in pain, seemed to be trying and could not see something far away from him . Now he also forgot what was said to him and what was in front of him; but now, with a barely noticeable, seemingly mocking, smile, he peered at what was in front of him, listened to what was being said to him, although obviously he saw and heard something completely different. Before, although he seemed to be a kind person, he was unhappy; and therefore people involuntarily moved away from him. Now a smile of the joy of life constantly played around his mouth, and his eyes shone with concern for people - the question: are they as happy as he is? And people were pleased in his presence.Before, he talked a lot, got excited when he spoke, and listened little; Now he rarely got carried away in conversation and knew how to listen so that people willingly told him their most intimate secrets.
The princess, who had never loved Pierre and had a particularly hostile feeling towards him since, after the death of the old count, she felt obliged to Pierre, to her chagrin and surprise, after a short stay in Orel, where she came with the intention of proving to Pierre that, Despite his ingratitude, she considers it her duty to follow him; the princess soon felt that she loved him. Pierre did nothing to ingratiate himself with the princess. He just looked at her with curiosity. Previously, the princess felt that in his gaze at her there was indifference and mockery, and she, as in front of other people, shrank before him and showed only her fighting side life; now, on the contrary, she felt that he seemed to be digging into the most intimate aspects of her life; and she, at first with distrust, and then with gratitude, showed him the hidden good sides of her character.
Most cunning man He could not have more skillfully insinuated himself into the princess’s confidence, evoking her memories of the best time of her youth and showing sympathy for them. Meanwhile, Pierre’s whole cunning consisted only in the fact that he sought his own pleasure, evoking human feelings in the embittered, dry and proud princess.
- Yes, he is very, very a kind person when under the influence of bad people, and people like me,” the princess told herself.
The change that took place in Pierre was noticed in their own way by his servants, Terenty and Vaska. They found that he had slept a lot. Terenty often, having undressed the master, with boots and dress in his hand, wishing him good night, hesitated to leave, waiting to see if the master would enter into conversation. AND for the most part Pierre stopped Terenty, noticing that he wanted to talk.
- Well, tell me... how did you get food for yourself? - he asked. And Terenty began a story about the Moscow ruin, about the late count, and stood for a long time with his dress, telling, and sometimes listening to, Pierre’s stories, and, with a pleasant consciousness of the master’s closeness to him and friendliness towards him, he went into the hallway.
The doctor who treated Pierre and visited him every day, despite the fact that, according to the duties of doctors, he considered it his duty to look like a man whose every minute is precious for suffering humanity, sat for hours with Pierre, telling his favorite stories and observations on the morals of patients in general and especially ladies.
“Yes, it’s nice to talk to such a person, not like here in the provinces,” he said.
Several prisoners lived in Orel French officers, and the doctor brought one of them, a young Italian officer.
This officer began to go to Pierre, and the princess laughed at those tender feelings, which the Italian expressed to Pierre.
Ilovlya - river, classified as one of the so-called small rivers of Russia, most of which, almost 300 km, flows through the Volgograd region. Ilovlya is a classic, winding steppe river, mostly with a slow flow and low banks. Although I have seen different types of Ilovlya.
Wide and deep near the village of Petrunino. Narrow, only 1.5 - 2 meters wide, and stormy like a mountain stream, not far from the village of Olkhovka. Calm and measured, near the working village of Ilovlya. And one day, near the same Olkhovka, I was lucky enough to observe a beaver dam with characteristic rubble and pencil-sharpened stumps around the area. Here, as on the Volga, you can often watch kayaking.
And for meditation lovers, this is just the perfect place!
The name Ilovlya comes from the word il. The river mainly has a muddy bottom, although there is also fine sand, which gives a special charm and pleasure when swimming. Fish is a separate matter - there is fish!
Historically, the interfluve of the Volga and Don,
was favored by pastoral Iranian-speaking tribes, in particular the Sarmatians. And since the Ilovlya River is the left tributary of the Don and is located in this area, on its terraces you can find Sarmatian mounds in sufficient quantities, in the excavations of which I have never had to participate under the leadership of a candidate historical sciences Sergatskov Igor Viktorovich.
In short, the river is very beautiful, by the way, the artist K.S. Petrov-Vodkin painted his painting “Bathing the Red Horse” in Ilovlya. It is not for nothing that people have settled along its banks since ancient times and monasteries were built.
The Volgograd-Moscow highway crosses Ilovlya in one place, immediately after the Cossack Kuren, if you go to Moscow. In 2012, the bridge there was repaired, giving it a European look. By the way, once standing on it on a sunny day, I had to observe from above about five huge fish, either swimming upstream, or frozen during the midday heat. I don’t know what kind of fish it was, but it was big.
Ilovlya river
if (typeof(pr) == "undefined") ( var pr = Math.floor(Math.random() * 4294967295) + 1; )
if (typeof(document.referrer) != "undefined") (
if (typeof(afReferrer) == "undefined") (
afReferrer = encodeURIComponent(document.referrer);
}
) else (
afReferrer = "";
}
var addate = new Date();
document.write("’);
// —>
(function(w, d, n, s, t) (
w[n] = w[n] || ;
w[n].push(function() (
Ya.Context.AdvManager.render((
blockId: "R-163191-3",
renderTo: "yandex_ad_R-163191-3",
async: true
});
});
t = d.getElementsByTagName("script");
s = d.createElement("script");
s.type = "text/javascript";
s.src = "//an.yandex.ru/system/context.js";
s.async = true;
t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t);
))(this, this.document, "yandexContextAsyncCallbacks");
Transport goods to Far North- a dangerous and troublesome task due to the Arctic climate. One of the water areas into which ships enter, following the Northern by sea- White Sea. It is part of the Arctic Ocean, but belongs to inland seas, since it almost completely protrudes into the land and is connected to the Barents Sea by the water area between the Kola Peninsula and Cape Kanin Nos.
Cargo transportation on the White Sea is most often carried out from Arkhangelsk. This is the most major port Here. It accepts various equipment, household goods, food, coal, timber and lumber and much more. The port in Arkhangelsk is considered the main transshipment base for companies whose activities include transportation along the White Sea to Arctic, European and Asian ports. From here, cargo and passenger flights are carried out to Murmansk and Dikson, to the archipelagos of the Barents Sea and other ports of the Far North.
This is the smallest sea among all Russian ones, but even here there is an archipelago, and one of the most famous is the Solovetsky Islands. Tourists and researchers often come here, so transport in the White Sea goes to Solovki more often than to other archipelagos. However, Arkhangelsk is still the main significant port. It is equipped with everything necessary to handle any type of cargo and is capable of accepting vessels with significant draft. From here there are flights to other ports in the water area - Onega, Mezen, Severodvinsk, Belomorsk.
The White Sea is part of the group of seas that make up the Northern Sea Route and belong territorially to the Northern Arctic Ocean. It is almost completely surrounded by the border north coast Russia. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this water area in the transportation of goods by sea: transportation along the White Sea - necessary condition for the export of goods from Arkhangelsk.
Transported across the waters of the sea a large number of various cargoes. Delivery across the White Sea to Kandalaksha, a port located in one of the bays, is relevant for enterprises in the city. There is an engineering and aluminum plant here, which can ship their products by sea to ports in Europe, the Arctic and Asia.
One of the important port points in the water area is also Belomorsk, connected to the central regions of Russia by the White Sea-Baltic Canal. The logistics of transportation along the White Sea may also include the delivery of goods to the Baltic Sea by this route. This makes it possible to use resources extracted in Arctic deposits and deliver them to European ports.
Sending cargo across the White Sea from Arkhangelsk - important direction activities of our company. By forming groupage cargoes in the largest trade port of the Northern Sea Route, we deliver them on time to any port points in the Arctic, Asia, Europe and Russia.
Figure 1 – Scheme White Sea.
Navigational-geographical sketch
Are commonintelligence. The first sailing chart of the White Sea was compiled by the famous hydrographer Lieutenant Commander M.F. Reinecke in 1833 and was published in 1849 under the title “Hydrographic description of the northern coast of Russia, part I, the White Sea.” The description was the result of the work of M.F. Reinecke and his assistants - navigators Kharlov and Kazakov, who carried out a hydrographic survey of the White Sea in 1827 - 1832. This work in its entirety received highly appreciated both in Russia and abroad and was republished in France and England.
Reinecke's sailing guide gave such a complete description of the White Sea that when it was republished in 1883, it was only provided with footnotes.
In 1913, the sailing guide was re-compiled by A.N. Arsky, who participated in hydrographic work on the White Sea as a ship commander, party leader and head of the Separate Survey of the White Sea. During the years of Soviet power, the sailing guide was republished seven more times (1923, 1932, 1939, 1949, 1954, 1957 and 1964). This edition is the eleventh.
The northern border of the White Sea is the line connecting Capes Svyatoy Nos and Kanin Nos. The sea area covers an area of about 90,000 km 2. The mainland's coastline is approximately 2,750 miles long.
The White Sea is usually divided into three parts: northern, middle and southern.
The northern part of the White Sea has the shape of a funnel, facing the Barents Sea. From the line connecting Capes Svyatoy Nos and Kanin Nos, the northern part of the sea, gradually narrowing, stretches to the south for about 120 miles. The vast Mezen Bay juts into the eastern coast of the northern part of the White Sea.
The middle part of the White Sea, usually called the White Sea Throat, is a relatively narrow strait connecting the northern part of the White Sea with its southern part. The smallest width of the Gorlo - 25 miles - is located on the line of Cape Intsy and the Polonga River. The border of the White Sea Throat in the northeast is the line connecting the mouth of the Ponoy River with Cape Voronov, and in the southwest is the line connecting the village of Tetrino with Cape Zimnegorsky.
The southern part of the White Sea, called the White Sea Basin, is the most extensive and deep-water part. Three vast bays jut into the shores of the White Sea Basin: Dvinsky, Onega and Kandalaksha.
Shores The White Sea has its own names throughout its entire length.
The Terek coast extends from Cape Svyatoy Nos to Cape Ludoshny, which is the northeastern entrance cape of Kandalaksha Bay.
The Karelian coast runs between the cities of Kandalaksha and Kem.
The Pomeranian coast stretches from the city of Kem to the Onega River.
To the north of the Onega River to Cape Ukhtnavolok the Onega coast extends.
The part of the Onega coast, located between the Onega River and Cape Letniy Orlov, is called the Lyamitsky coast.
The Summer Coast runs between Cape Ukhtnavolok and the Northern Dvina River.
The Winter Coast stretches from the Northern Dvina River to Cape Voronov.
The Abramovsky coast is located between Cape Voronov and the Mezen River.
The Kaninsky coast stretches between capes Konushin and Kanin Nos.
The shores of the northern part of the White Sea are little indented, mostly steep and treeless. The coastal hills of the Terek coast are relatively low and gradually rise inland.
The northern part of the Kaninsky coast is formed by dark, steep cliffs, interrupted at the river mouths by yellow sandy lowlands. South part The Kaninsky coast is less elevated than the northern one.
The Konushinsky coast of the Mezen Bay south of Cape Konushin decreases, and south of the Verkhnyaya Mgla and Nizhnyaya Mgla rivers it again rises sharply and becomes steep.
The Abramovsky coast of the Mezen Bay is relatively low, abounds in yellowish clay screes and rises only at Cape Voronov.
The shores of the White Sea Throat are little indented and form only a few small lips. The Terek coast of the White Sea Throat is low and flat; Its northern part is covered with tundra vegetation, the southern part is covered with forest.
The winter coast of the White Sea Throat at Cape Voronov is high and steep, further south to Cape Intsy the coast goes down. To the south of Cape Intsy, the Zimny Coast begins to gradually rise, and at Cape Veprevsky and further to Cape Zimnegorsky its height increases sharply. The northern part of the Winter Coast of the White Sea Throat is treeless, a sparse forest appears in the area of the mouth of the Megra River, and south of the cape The Indian coast is completely covered with forest.
The shores of the White Sea Basin and its bays, in contrast to the shores of the White Sea Throat and its northern part, are covered with forest almost throughout their entire length and are highly rugged; Only the shores of the Dvina Bay and the Terek shore of the basin are slightly indented.
Both the Winter and Summer shores of the Dvina Bay are steep almost along their entire length. The coastline in the area of the Northern Dvina River delta is low.
The Onega coast of the Onega Bay between Cape Ukhtnavolok and the Zolotitsa River is formed by a sandy-clay cliff, gradually descending to the south; further from the Zolotitsa River the bank becomes low-lying and rocky.
Between Cape Chesmensky and the Onega River, the coast descends to the sea in two terraces.
The Pomeranian and Karelian shores of the Onega Bay are low-lying almost throughout. At some distance from the coastline, the slopes of the hills rise, so from a distance the coast appears high and steep in places.
The Karelian coast between the Onega and Kandalaksha bays is rocky and relatively elevated, but it slopes gently to the sea: when approaching the shore, it appears in the form of a flat, forest-covered ridge.
The shores of Kandalaksha Bay are very different in appearance from other shores of the White Sea. They are elevated and rocky. The Karelian coast of the Kandalaksha Bay is less elevated than the Kandalaksha Bay. In some places, the Kandalaksha coast is formed by almost vertical cliffs.
The Terek coast of the White Sea Basin is low-lying, flat and has an extremely monotonous character.
In winter, the seashores are completely covered with snow and have a completely different appearance than in summer. Sheer coastal cliffs, inconspicuous in summer, stand out sharply against the background of snow cover in winter. In addition, in places where the high tide is significant, the appearance of the shores changes depending on changes in sea level.
Islands and straits. There are many islands in the White Sea, and the vast majority of them are located in the Onega and Kandalaksha bays. The largest are the Solovetsky Islands, lying in the middle of the entrance to the Onega Bay, and the Morzhovets Island, located on the southwestern side of the entrance to the Mezen Bay.
The Solovetsky Islands are separated from the eastern shore of Onega Bay by the Eastern Solovetskaya Salma Strait, and from the western shore by the Western Solovetskaya Salma Strait. The Eastern Solovetskaya Salma Strait is wider, deeper and more convenient for navigation than the Western Solovetskaya Salma Strait. Morzhovets Island is separated from the Abramovsky coast by the navigable Morzhovskaya Salma Strait.
In the Dvina Bay, many islands are located in the delta of the Northern Dvina River.
The wide coastal strip of the sea off the Pomeranian and Karelian shores of the Onega Bay has a typical skerry character. In addition to islands and islets, there are countless small surface and underwater rocks. Fairways lead through the straits and passages in the skerries, which in some places are very narrow and shallow; Navigating them requires knowledge of the area. Of the islands of Onega Bay, lying seaward of the edge of the skerries, the islands of Bolshoy Zhuzhmuy and Maly Zhuzhmuy reach the largest size. On east side The entrance to Onega Bay lies on the Zhizhginsky Island, which is separated from the mainland by the navigable Zhizhginskaya Salma Strait.
Another skerry area of the White Sea is located at the top of Kandalaksha Bay and off the Karelian coast. There are also many islands, islets, surface and underwater rocks. Among the Kandalaksha skerries there are fairways, sometimes winding and narrow; Navigating the fairways requires knowledge of the area.
Depths, bottom topography and soil. The White Sea is a relatively shallow body of water. The greatest depths (over 250 m) are found only in the northwestern part of the White Sea Basin and in the southeastern part of Kandalaksha Bay.
At the entrance to the northern part of the White Sea, the depths are 60 - 80 m. Further to the south, the depths gradually decrease and larger area in the northern part of the sea do not exceed 50 m.
The bottom topography in the northern part of the White Sea is very uneven, especially before the entrance to the Mezen Bay and along the Kaninsky coast. In this area there are many banks, which are located in several ridges and are collectively called Northern cats. The size of Northern cats and the depths above them do not remain constant, but change over time under the influence of storms, tidal currents and other factors.
The Tersky coast of the northern part of the White Sea is deeper and free of dangers than the Kaninsky coast. Sailing along this coast is usually carried out along the so-called Tersky fairway. Sailing along the Kaninsky coast to Cape Konushin and further north of Morzhovets Island is carried out much less frequently and mainly on ships with a draft of up to 4.5 m, since navigation here due to banks and shoals is possible only at a considerable distance from the coast.
The soil in the northern part of the White Sea, far from the shores, is predominantly sand and sand with shells.
The throat of the White Sea is deeper than the northern part of the sea. Along the middle part of the Gorlo, somewhat closer to the Tersky coast, there is a depression with depths of more than 50 m and a width of 10 - 20 miles. The Tersky coast of Gorlo is deeper than the Zimny coast. An isobath of 50 m runs 4 - 8 miles from the Tersky coast, and the bottom slope is quite steep. The 50 m isobath is 9 to 16 miles away from the Winter Coast.
The bottom topography in the deep-sea middle part of the White Sea Throat is relatively flat and there are no dangers for swimming here. As you approach the shores, the bottom topography becomes uneven, the depths change sharply, and individual dangers appear.
The soil in the White Sea Throat is predominantly stone, and sand is found in places only near the Winter Coast.
The White Sea basin is the deepest area of the sea. The depression with depths of more than 100 m occupies approximately 2/3 of the area of the White Sea Basin and its bays.
This depression begins in Kandalaksha Bay near the Srednie Ludy Islands (66°36" N, 33°41" O) and stretches approximately 150 miles to SO towards the entrance to Dvina Bay; The width of the depression is from 15 to 40 miles.
Within this depression there are three basins with depths of more than 250 m. In one of these basins the depth is 343 m (66°40" N, 34°08" O) - the greatest in the White Sea.
Of the bays jutting into the shores of the White Sea Basin, the deepest is Kandalaksha Bay. In the southeastern part of this bay there is the deepest basin in the White Sea. Depths of more than 50 m extend right up to the top of Kandalaksha Bay.
The Dvina Bay is also relatively deep. At the entrance to it, the depths are over 100 m, and the entire outer half is occupied by depths of more than 50 m. The 50 m isobath is located approximately 17 - 25 miles from the shore of the top of the bay, and 5-15 miles from its other shores; As you approach the top and shores, the depths gradually decrease.
Onega Bay is the shallowest of the bays in the White Sea Basin.
The bottom topography in the deep-water part of the White Sea Basin is smooth and there are no dangers for swimming here; Only on the Karelian coast of the basin is the bottom topography uneven and there are some dangers. In the middle part of the Dvina Bay, the bottom topography is also smooth and there are no separate dangers.
In the area of the Northern Dvina River delta, the bottom is less smooth and there are some dangers. In the Onega and Kandalaksha bays, the bottom topography is very uneven, especially near the shores and in skerry areas. There are many dangers here, surrounded in places by great depths.
The soil throughout the White Sea Basin and in the Dvina Bay is silt and silt with sand. In the Onega and Kandalaksha bays the soil is predominantly stone.
Terrestrial magnetism. The magnetic declination in the White Sea is eastern and gradually increases as one moves from west to east from 10° at the top of Kandalaksha Bay to 16°.8 at Cape Kanin Nos (1970). The isogons in the White Sea area are slightly tortuous and run in the general direction NNW - SSO.
Several small areas are known in the White Sea magnetic anomalies. The first and most significant anomaly was noted near the mouth of the Kuzreka River (66°37" N, 34°47" O); The compass declination here reaches 17°.0 O. The second anomaly is observed near the mouth of the Kuzomen River (66°16" N, 36°56" O); the declination here is 14°.8 O. In the area of the third anomaly, located near Cape Ostraya Ludka (67°25" N, 41°07" O), the declination reaches 17°.3 O. The fourth anomaly was noted in the area of the city of Mezen, where the declination is 13°.6 O. The fifth magnetic anomaly was discovered near the mouth of the Chizha River; The compass declination here is 14°.1 O. In the area of the sixth anomaly, noted at Cape Nishchevsky (66°48" N, 3242" O), the declination is 12°.1 O.
Average annual changes in declination range from minus 0°.03 in the west to minus 0°.05 in the east of the region. The accuracy of the 1970 era magnetic declination map in this area is + 0°.5.
In addition to annual changes, declination has daily changes. The amplitude of daily declination changes in the White Sea reaches summer months 16", and in winter 4" - 5". The greatest deviation of the magnetic needle to the east occurs in the summer at about 8 o'clock, in the winter at about 9 o'clock local time, and the greatest deviation to the west occurs at 14 - 15 hours 30 minutes.
In addition to periodic daily changes in declination, there are non-periodic changes - magnetic disturbances. From 10 - 15 to 35 - 40 strong magnetic disturbances (magnetic storms) are observed throughout the year. During magnetic storms, daily declination amplitudes often reach 10°.
Magnetic storms are observed more often in spring and autumn and less often in winter and summer. Up to 12% of all storms occur in March and only 5% in June. Typically, a storm lasts 20 - 40 hours. However, during this period, fluctuations in the magnetic needle, as a rule, are greater in the evening and night hours and less in the morning and daytime. The greatest fluctuations are usually observed 1 - 6 hours after the start of the storm and continue for 3 - 10 hours. It is noted that magnetic storms tend to recur after 27 - 28 days.
Special physical and geographical phenomena. In the White Sea, as in general in the polar regions, quite significant refraction is observed. With strong refraction, distant objects can be seen from distances much greater than under normal conditions. At the same time, the shore appears so clearly that one can involuntarily doubt the accuracy of the reckoning. Sometimes the view of the coast is distorted so much that even with good knowledge of the area it can be difficult to identify it. Objects seem to increase or rise and often have an inverted appearance, and the protruding parts of the shore seem to be separate rocks.
Mirages, or haze, are also quite often observed in the White Sea. It happened, for example, to see three images of the same ship at the same time, and the middle one was facing downwards with its masts.
Signs of the onset of a mirage and extremely strong refraction can be the apparent trembling of the horizon, as well as the presence of haze (in Pomeranian “mari”). In such cases, one cannot always trust not only astronomical observations, but even bearings.
Navigation aids. Navigation in the White Sea is reliably provided by numerous coastal and floating navigation equipment.
In conditions of reduced visibility, navigation safety is ensured by a relatively widely developed network of radio and sound signaling equipment.
The period of operation of luminous aids to navigation equipment is regulated by ice conditions and the duration of white nights. Most luminous aids to navigation equipment usually have two validity periods: from the beginning of navigation to the beginning of white nights and from the end of white nights to the end of navigation. The floating barrier is placed in its standard places at the beginning of navigation, when the sea is completely clear of ice, and is removed at the end of navigation, when ice first appears in the sea.
The reliability of the location of the floating barrier, as well as the strict constancy of the characteristics of the lights, cannot be completely relied upon. Detailed information about visual, audible and radio technical aids to navigation equipment is given in the following sailing manuals, ed. GUNiO MO:
1. Lights and signs of the White Sea.
2. Radio technical aids for navigation equipment of the Baltic, Northern, Norwegian, Barents and White Seas.
Vessel traffic separation system. In the White Sea, in the areas of Cape Svyatoy Nos, Tersko-Orlovsky lighthouse, Sosnovets Island and Cape Zimnegorsky, ship traffic separation systems have been installed. They consist of separation zones, lanes, areas circular motion and recommended ways. Vessel traffic separation systems are shown on the maps.
Fishing vessels should avoid fishing along recommended routes whenever possible.
Forbidden areas. IN The White Sea contains former mine-hazardous areas that are open to vessel navigation, forbidden areas with special navigation regimes, areas prohibited for anchorage and fishing, combat training areas, as well as areas for dumping explosives. These areas are shown on maps.
When sailing in former mine-hazardous areas, you must strictly adhere to the declared fairways. Anchoring in these areas is possible only in places recommended by the pilotage. You should not anchor in other places unless absolutely necessary. Fishing is permitted subject to strict compliance with special mine safety instructions.
Areas temporarily prohibited for navigation No. 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211 and temporarily dangerous for navigation No. 4 are prohibited or dangerous for navigation only for the period of dangerous activities taking place in them.
The time during which these areas are prohibited or dangerous for navigation is announced by radio in the form of NAVIM at least three to five days in advance, followed by repetition two days and one day before the moment from which the areas are declared prohibited or dangerous, each time mentioning the date of the original message.
Ports and anchorages. The main sea and river port on the White Sea is the port of Arkhangelsk, located at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. In addition to it, on the shores of the White Sea there are ports: Onega, Belomorsk, Kem, Kandalaksha and Mezen.
The port of Arkhangelsk, the largest in northern Russia, is of great economic importance for the country's economy as the largest timber export center. Various cargoes are exported through the port of Arkhangelsk for the population of the northern regions of the country. The main purpose of the remaining ports of the White Sea is also the export of timber and timber.
The navigation regime in ports is regulated by the General Rules of Sea Trade and Fishing Ports of the Russian Federation. The requirements arising from the characteristics and specifics of each port are determined by mandatory regulations issued by the port administration. Brief extracts from such mandatory regulations are given in the directions at the end of the description of the relevant port to the extent necessary to ensure safe entry into the port.
There are few anchor places in the White Sea accessible to ships with deep draft and well protected from winds and waves, and they are located mainly in the Onega and Kandalaksha bays, as well as off the Karelian coast of the White Sea Basin. There are many raids, partially protected from the winds. So, for example, in the Dvina Bay, ships with deep draft can find temporary shelter both at the Winter and Letniy shores, and in the Onega Bay you can anchor almost anywhere. Small vessels, as well as boats and boats, can hide in most of the lips that jut into the shores of the White Sea and in river mouths.
Repair capabilities and supplies. In the port of Arkhangelsk you can carry out any repairs on both the hull and the machinery. Here you can get any types of supplies (fuel, food, fresh water, navigation equipment, etc.).
In other ports of the White Sea, you can make minor repairs to the hull and machinery and purchase some types of supplies.
Pilotage service. There is a developed network of pilot stations in the White Sea. The pilot is escorted to all ports of the White Sea.
Pilotage for ships flying the Russian flag is optional.
You can call a pilot according to the International Code of Signals. On the masts of pilot stations, as well as on boats and boats traveling to a vessel with a pilot, the flag N (Hotel) is flown according to the International Code of Signals. In the absence of a pilot or if it is impossible to deliver him to the ship, a black ball is raised on the masts of the pilot stations during the day, and a red constant light is lit at night.
Rescue Service. There are no special rescue stations on the White Sea. Rescue vessels are available in the port of Arkhangelsk and are sent to a ship in distress upon the first request for assistance transmitted by radio or other means.
There are fire-fighting vessels in the port of Arkhangelsk; In the event of a fire on board, assistance is also provided by the shore fire brigade.
Navigation information. The radio station of the port of Arkhangelsk transmits hydrometeorological messages (METEO) to the White Sea area and the south-eastern part Barents Sea and navigational notices to mariners (NAVIM) for the White Sea area and duplicates NAVIM for the Barents Sea area.
Detailed information about this radio station is given in the Schedule of radio broadcasts of hydrometeorological information and NAVIM, ed. GUNiO MO.
Message and connection. The White Sea is connected by a system of inland waterways with the Baltic, Black, Azov and Caspian seas, as well as with Moscow. One of the main links of this system is the White Sea-Baltic Canal, connecting the White Sea with Lake Onega. The starting point of the canal on the White Sea is the port of Belomorsk.
In summer, communication between all ports and main settlements located on the shores of the White Sea is supported by regular ships.
The ports of Arkhangelsk, Onega, Belomorsk, Kem and Kandalaksha, as well as a number of settlements on the Pomeranian and Karelian coasts, are connected to the country’s railway network. In winter, where there is no railway, communication is maintained by road, as well as by horse and, in some places, by reindeer. Postal and telegraph communications are maintained between all ports and major coastal settlements. There is telephone communication between many settlements.
Settlements. The White Sea washes the territories of the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions of the Russian Federation and the territory of the Republic of Karelia. TO Murmansk region include the Terek and Kandalaksha coasts of the White Sea and partly the Karelian coast. Most of the Karelian coast, as well as the Pomeranian coast, with the exception of its southern part, are part of the Republic of Karelia. The remaining shores of the White Sea belong to Arkhangelsk region. The Arkhangelsk region includes the Nenets National District, which occupies the entire Kaninsky coast of the White Sea and part of the Konushinsky coast.
Most of settlements concentrated on the coasts of the Dvina, Onega and Kandalaksha bays.
The largest populated areas are the cities of Arkhangelsk, Onega, Belomorsk, Kandalaksha, Kem and Mezen.