Taylor decomposition online with solution. Maclaurin series and expansion of some functions

How to insert mathematical formulas to the website?

If you ever need to add one or two mathematical formulas to a web page, then the easiest way to do this is as described in the article: mathematical formulas are easily inserted onto the site in the form of pictures that are automatically generated by Wolfram Alpha. Besides simplicity, this universal method will help improve website visibility in search engines. It has been working for a long time (and, I think, will work forever), but is already morally outdated.

If you constantly use mathematical formulas on your site, then I recommend that you use MathJax - a special JavaScript library that displays mathematical notation in web browsers using MathML, LaTeX or ASCIIMathML markup.

There are two ways to start using MathJax: (1) using a simple code, you can quickly connect a MathJax script to your site, which will right moment automatically load from a remote server (list of servers); (2) download the MathJax script from a remote server to your server and connect it to all pages of your site. The second method - more complex and time-consuming - will speed up the loading of your site's pages, and if the parent MathJax server becomes temporarily unavailable for some reason, this will not affect your own site in any way. Despite these advantages, I chose the first method as it is simpler, faster and does not require technical skills. Follow my example, and in just 5 minutes you will be able to use all the features of MathJax on your site.

You can connect the MathJax library script from a remote server using two code options taken from the main MathJax website or on the documentation page:

One of these code options needs to be copied and pasted into the code of your web page, preferably between tags and or immediately after the tag. According to the first option, MathJax loads faster and slows down the page less. But the second option automatically monitors and loads the latest versions of MathJax. If you insert the first code, it will need to be updated periodically. If you insert the second code, the pages will load more slowly, but you will not need to constantly monitor MathJax updates.

The easiest way to connect MathJax is in Blogger or WordPress: in the site control panel, add a widget designed to insert third-party JavaScript code, copy the first or second version of the download code presented above into it, and place the widget closer to the beginning of the template (by the way, this is not at all necessary , since the MathJax script is loaded asynchronously). That's all. Now learn the markup syntax of MathML, LaTeX, and ASCIIMathML, and you are ready to insert mathematical formulas into your site's web pages.

Any fractal is constructed according to a certain rule, which is applied sequentially an unlimited number of times. Each such time is called an iteration.

The iterative algorithm for constructing a Menger sponge is quite simple: the original cube with side 1 is divided by planes parallel to its faces into 27 equal cubes. One central cube and 6 cubes adjacent to it along the faces are removed from it. The result is a set consisting of the remaining 20 smaller cubes. Doing the same with each of these cubes, we get a set consisting of 400 smaller cubes. Continuing this process endlessly, we get a Menger sponge.

For students higher mathematics it must be known that the amount of a certain power series, belonging to the convergence interval of the series given to us, turns out to be a continuous and unlimited number of times differentiated function. The question arises: can it be said that the given arbitrary function f(x) is the sum of some power series? That is, under what conditions can the function f(x) be depicted? power series? The importance of this question lies in the fact that it is possible to approximately replace the function f(x) with the sum of the first few terms of a power series, that is, a polynomial. This function replacement is quite simple expression- a polynomial - is also convenient when solving certain problems, namely: when solving integrals, when calculating, etc.

It has been proven that for a certain function f(x), in which it is possible to calculate derivatives up to the (n+1)th order, including the last, in the neighborhood of (α - R; x 0 + R) some point x = α, it is true that formula:

This formula is named after the famous scientist Brooke Taylor. The series that is obtained from the previous one is called the Maclaurin series:

The rule that makes it possible to perform an expansion in a Maclaurin series:

  • Determine derivatives of the first, second, third... orders.
  • Calculate what the derivatives at x=0 are equal to.
  • Write down the Maclaurin series for this function, and then determine the interval of its convergence.
  • Determine the interval (-R;R), where the remainder of the Maclaurin formula
  • R n (x) -> 0 at n -> infinity. If one exists, the function f(x) in it must coincide with the sum of the Maclaurin series.

    Let us now consider the Maclaurin series for individual functions.

    1. So, the first one will be f(x) = e x. Of course, by its characteristics, such a function has derivatives of very different orders, and f (k) (x) = e x , where k equals all. Substitute x = 0. We get f (k) (0) = e 0 =1, k = 1,2... Based on the above, the series e x will look like in the following way:

    2. Maclaurin series for the function f(x) = sin x. Let us immediately clarify that the function for all unknowns will have derivatives, in addition, f "(x) = cos x = sin(x+n/2), f "" (x) = -sin x = sin(x +2*n/2)..., f (k) (x) = sin(x+k*n/2), where k equals any natural number. That is, having made simple calculations, we can come to the conclusion that the series for f(x) = sin x will be of the following form:

    3. Now let's try to consider the function f(x) = cos x. For all unknowns it has derivatives of arbitrary order, and |f (k) (x)| = |cos(x+k*n/2)|