Born on this day in 1458 IVAN IVANOVICH YOUNG(1458 - 1490), Prince of Moscow, the only son of the Grand Duke of Moscow IVAN III VASILIEVICH from his first marriage to MARIA BORISOVNA, daughter of the Grand Duke of Tver BORIS ALEXANDROVICH. Ivan the Young almost became the father of the Moscow ruler - the successor of Ivan III (in 1498 the 12-year-old son of Ivan the Young, DMITRY IVANOVICH, was crowned king, however, due to complex intrigues around the Moscow throne, Ivan III changed his mind and appointed VASILY, his son, as his heir from his second marriage with Byzantine princess SOFIA PALEOLOGIST, father of IVAN IV VASILIEVICH THE TERRIBLE).
In 1480, having learned that Khan Akhmat was approaching the Oka, Ivan III sent his son there along with regiments and governors. Akhmat, walking along the Russian borders, went to the Ugra. Ivan followed him. The famous standing on the Ugra began. Ivan III, confused by his advisers, did not know what to decide. Either he wanted to fight with Akhm atom, then he wanted to flee to Vologda. Several times he wrote to his son asking him to go to Moscow. But Ivan decided it would be better to incur his father’s wrath than to drive away from the shore. Seeing that his son did not obey the letter, Ivan III sent an order to the governor of Kholmsky: to seize the young Grand Duke by force and bring him to Moscow. Kholmsky did not dare to use force and began to persuade Ivan to go to Moscow. He answered him: “I will die here, but I will not go to my father.” He guarded the movement of the Tatars, who wanted to secretly cross the Ugra and suddenly rush to Moscow: they were repulsed from the Russian coast with great damage.
In 1485, annexing it to Moscow Tver Principality, Ivan planted his son there, whose mother belonged to the family of Tver princes.
In 1490, Ivan suffered from aching legs;
The Russian ambassadors from Venice summoned the Jewish doctor Lebi Zhidovin. He announced to the sick man’s father: “I will cure your son, but if I don’t cure him, order me to be executed.” death penalty". Grand Duke ordered to treat. Leon began to give the patient medicine orally, and applied bottles of it to the patient’s body. hot water. But this treatment made Ivan worse and he died on March 7, 1490. Ivan III ordered the doctor to be captured, and when 40 days had passed for the deceased, Leon was executed by death. Ivan was buried in Moscow, in the Archangel Cathedral.
He and Elena Voloshanka left behind a son, Dmitry, whom his grandfather, Ivan III, solemnly crowned king on February 4, 1498 in the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. But due to the spread of the heresy of the Judaizers, with whom Elena Voloshanka sympathized, and the court intrigues waged by supporters of the Tsar’s second wife Sophia Paleologus, in 1499 Dmitry and his mother were disgraced and imprisoned, where they died a few years later.
IVAN IVANOVICH the Young (15.2.1458, Moscow - 7.3.1490, in the same place; buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin), Grand Duke of Moscow (1471-1490), Grand Duke of Tver (1485-90). From the Moscow Rurik dynasty, son of Ivan III Vasilievich from 1st marriage with Maria Borisovna; father of Dmitry Ivanovich Grandson. It was first mentioned in the “finishing agreement” (agreement) of the late 1460s between Ivan III and Andrei Vasilyevich the Bolshoi (Goryai). From June 1471, in princely agreements, domestic and foreign policy documents, and chronicle texts, he was called the Grand Duke, becoming co-ruler and heir of his father. During long campaigns and trips of Ivan III to Novgorod, he replaced him in Moscow as supreme ruler(June - August 1471, 1475-76, 1477-78, 1479-80). He was present at solemn court ceremonies: the meeting of Ivan III after the campaign against Novgorod (1471), the transfer of the relics of Metropolitan Peter (1472), the funeral of Metropolitan Philip I of Moscow (1473), the consecration of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin (1479), etc. Participated in various diplomatic events : gifts were personally sent from him to Pope Sixtus IV (January 1473); Novgorod ambassadors in 1477 were sent not only to Ivan III, but also to Ivan Ivanovich; in Russian-Livonian documents of the 1470s he was called “tsar”, like Ivan III. From the late 1470s, he carried out the grand-ducal court in Moscow.
In the course of repelling the attack of the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmed on the Russian state on June 8, 1480, at the head of significant forces, he was sent from Moscow to Serpukhov (the real commander was, most likely, Prince D. D. Kholmsky). At the end of September - beginning of October, he commanded the redeployment of the main forces of Russian troops to the left bank of the Ugra River before the Standing on the Ugra in 1480. He refused to carry out his father’s order - to leave the location of the troops and return to Moscow. An army led by Ivan Ivanovich repelled all attempts of the Horde to cross the Ugra River (October 1480).
In the early 1480s, the role of Ivan Ivanovich as the Grand Duke of Moscow in administrative and judicial activities increased noticeably. 12.1.1483 he married Elena Stefanovna, daughter of the Moldavian ruler Stephen III Great. The fact that Ivan Ivanovich reached the status of full social maturity in connection with his marriage and the birth of his son Dmitry (10.10.1483), and also that Ivan III had children in his 2nd marriage with 3. (S.F.) Paleologus, most likely led to the allocation of a separate territory to Ivan Ivanovich (Suzdal, Galich, Kostroma), where he ruled as Grand Duke (however, this did not cancel supreme power in this territory of Ivan III). In 1485, Ivan Ivanovich took part in a campaign against the Tver Principality; As a result of a short siege and flight to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the last Grand Duke of Tver, Mikhail Borisovich, Tver capitulated. On September 15, 1485, the entry of the Grand Dukes of Moscow (Ivan III and Ivan Ivanovich) into the Tver Kremlin and a solemn service in the Spassky Cathedral took place.
By the decision of Ivan III, the Grand Duchy of Tver was included in the Russian state with the rights of significant autonomy, and Ivan Ivanovich, on the maternal side, the grandson of the Grand Duke of Tver Boris Alexandrovich and nephew Mikhail Borisovich, was installed as its head with the title of Grand Duke of Tver. 18.9.1485 Ivan Ivanovich “entered the city of Tfer Zhyti.” On initial stage During the reign of Ivan Ivanovich, his activities were to a certain extent controlled by the Tver governor appointed by Ivan III, V. F. Obrazts-Simsky. The prerogatives of Ivan Ivanovich as the Grand Duke of Tver did not cancel the supreme power of Ivan III over the Tver principality, and Ivan Ivanovich did not lose the rights of his father’s co-ruler in relation to the Netver territories (there are cases when the issuance of judicial decisions was postponed until Ivan Ivanovich’s arrival from Tver to Moscow) and the corresponding title (in Swedish charters and Novgorod documents he was called the Grand Duke of “All Rus'”). In addition to his residence in Tver, Ivan Ivanovich probably had a separate courtyard in the Moscow Kremlin. In general, Ivan Ivanovich preserved the traditional institutions and institutions of the Tver Principality. The special Tver court included under Ivan Ivanovich many representatives of the Tver titles, aristocracy (most of the former appanage princes - the Tver Rurikovichs - became serving princes and boyars), untitled nobility (Borisov-Borozdins, Zhitovs, Kindyrevs, Sakmyshevs, etc.), other Tver families and surnames, as well as people from “Moscow” families (princes Obolensky and Tulupov, Gusev-Dobrynsky, Pushkin, Saburov, etc.). Within the framework of the court and palace possessions of Ivan Ivanovich, the Tver Boyar Duma, the institute of the butler, and the relevant departments functioned (in particular, the hunter's and falconer's paths). Acted special system military service“from Tver”, when governors from the members of the Tver court were sent for campaigns or garrison service with detachments of Tver boyar children (including the campaign against Kazan 1487; to participate in Russian-Lithuanian war 1487-94; on a campaign to Vyatka 1489). The special Tver chancellery under Ivan Ivanovich used Moscow, Tver, and also combined forms when issuing letters of grant and charter. Ivan Ivanovich confirmed the ownership rights to the estates of the majority of Tver boyars and boyars’ children (including those who went to Moscow in the late 1470s and returned after 1485), at the same time developed a local system of land ownership in Tver lands. There is a version about Ivan Ivanovich’s connections with members of the Moscow circle of heretics, but there are no direct facts confirming this.
Since the summer of 1488, Ivan Ivanovich began to visit Moscow more often and longer, probably due to the exacerbation of his chronic polyarthritis. At the beginning of 1490, the doctor Leon, who arrived in Moscow from Venice, promised Ivan III to cure Ivan Ivanovich, guaranteeing success own life. However, the intensive treatment methods used by Leon brought the opposite result: from it Ivan Ivanovich “severely died and died” (for this Leon was executed on April 29, 1490).
Lit.: Kashtanov S. M. Socio-political history of Russia at the end of the 15th - first half of the 16th century. M., 1967; Florya B. N. On the ways of political centralization of the Russian state (using the example of Tver land) // Society and State feudal Russia. M., 1975; Khoroshkevich A. L. The Russian state in the system international relations late XV - early XVI V. M., 1980; Nazarov V. D. Overthrow Horde yoke in Rus'. M., 1983; Alekseev Yu. G. Liberation of Rus' from the Horde yoke. L., 1989.
In the cold winter of 1458, in the wooden chambers of the Moscow Kremlin, fifteen-year-old Maria gave birth to a son. The boy was named Ivan after his father. A few years later, Ivan, nicknamed Young, became the heir to the Moscow throne, and then co-ruler with his father, Ivan III.
It is interesting that scientists say that it was Ivan the Young who became the prototype of Ivan Tsarevich, the main superhero of the Russian folk epic.
Mother's face
One day, when Ivan was 9 years old, his father went to Kolomna on government business. In his absence, Maria Borisovna, Ivan's mother, slender, beautiful, young, suddenly fell ill and died. It was rumored that she had been poisoned, that the wife of the nobleman Alexei Poluevktov considered her belt to be a fortune teller. John the Third, who returned to the Kremlin, did not believe the rumors. However, the Poluevktovs got scared and disappeared from the yard for 6 years.
Young Ivan, the son of the Grand Duke and Princess Maria, also could not immediately believe that his mother had died. It was not her that he saw lying on the bed and in the coffin, but some other woman: blurred, ugly, motionless, with eyes closed, with a strange, swollen face.
Kazan campaign
On next year the father took the young prince on a hike. A great army had gathered: they were marching on Kazan, for the third time after two raids in the fall and winter, and almost all of Ivan the Young’s uncles brought their regiments - both Yuri, Andrei, Simeon and Boris - all appanage princes, boyars. They didn’t just go to fight: they went to take Kazan, to win dangerous enemy. Ivan Molodoy felt important part This army, he liked it here, liked to think that he, along with adults, was participating in an important matter.
But one morning John III It was reported that the Polish ambassador had arrived in Moscow. John, who was then stationed in Pereyaslavl, ordered the ambassador to appear to him and, after negotiations, sent him with an answer to the King, and he himself, along with his son and for the most part troops returned to Moscow.
Ivan the Young, upset, firmly decided to someday defeat the Tatars.
Unshakable
John III was 22 years old when he became the sole ruler of the Moscow lands. His son is the same 22 years old when he turned from a prince’s son into one of the heroes who drove the Tatars out of Russian lands.
Having quarreled with the Horde khan, John gathered a huge army and led it to the southern borders, to the Ugra River. But again, the closer he got to the battlefield, the more he was overcome by indecision. Finally, he ordered his son, who was with the vanguard, to retreat. But Ivan the Young disobeyed his father: “We are waiting for the Tatars,” he briefly answered his father’s envoy. Then the sovereign sovereign sent Prince Kholmsky, one of the leading politicians of that time, to his son, but even he could not convince Ivan Ivanovich. “It’s better for me to die here than to leave the army,” was his answer to his father.
The Tatars approached the Ugra. Ivan the Young and his uncle Prince Andrei Menshoi exchanged fire with the Khan’s army for four days and forced him to move two miles from the shore. As it turned out later, this was the only Tatar attack. Having waited until the cold weather set in, and unsuccessfully tried to frighten John the Third with threats, Khan Akhmat retreated completely.
Voloshanka
In the winter of 1482, Ivan the Young was invited to visit his grandmother in the Ascension Monastery of the Moscow Kremlin (she lived there after becoming a nun). When Ivan arrived, he was introduced to his bride, the daughter of the Moldavian ruler, Elena. As in a fairy tale, Elena, who was nicknamed Voloshanka, was both beautiful and wise. Not only the young prince liked her, but also his grandmother and father.
The young people met for several days, maybe a month. And on Epiphany they were married. And again, as in a fairy tale, nine months later their son Dmitry was born. It seemed that Rus' was doomed to grow stronger and develop after the death of Ivan Vasilyevich: his heir, who was supported by the boyars and most princes, would become a worthy sovereign, and he would also be replaced by a worthy son.
But the wrong Ivan became the Fourth in Muscovy, and the name of the wrong Dmitry was associated an entire era in the life of the country.
Pattern scandal
The birth of his grandson became a holiday for John III. To celebrate, he decided to give his daughter-in-law, Elena Stefanovna, a patterned, that is, pearl jewelry that his first wife, Ivan the Young’s mother, Maria, wore. The Grand Duke sent for the pattern... But no matter how much the servants looked for it, they could not find it.
It turned out that John’s second wife, the Byzantine despotine Sophia Palaeologus, gave the jewelry to her niece, Maria Palaeologus, the wife of Prince Vasily of Verei. John became furious. Of course, he planned to give the jewelry “with meaning”: in this way, John emphasized who he considered his heir (after all, he also had sons from Sophia).
The Grand Duke ordered the return of all dowry to Maria Paleologus. In fear, Vasily Vereisky fled with his wife to Lithuania. John declared Vasily a traitor and took away his inheritance. However, Elena never got the pattern.
Snake tail
Under the same pretext, high treason, Ivan Vasilyevich finally annexed the Tver Principality. Having made sure that Mikhail, Prince of Tver, was corresponding with the Polish king, calling him to war with Moscow, the father of Ivan the Young, as usual, gathered a great army and went on a campaign.
In the cold winter of 1458, in the wooden chambers of the Moscow Kremlin, fifteen-year-old Maria gave birth to a son. The boy was named Ivan after his father. A few years later, Ivan, nicknamed Young, became the heir to the Moscow throne, and then co-ruler with his father, Ivan III.
It is interesting that scientists say that it was Ivan the Young who became the prototype of Ivan Tsarevich, the main superhero of the Russian folk epic.
Mother's face
One day, when Ivan was 9 years old, his father went to Kolomna on government business. In his absence, Maria Borisovna, Ivan's mother, slender, beautiful, young, suddenly fell ill and died. It was rumored that she had been poisoned, that the wife of the nobleman Alexei Poluevktov considered her belt to be a fortune teller. John the Third, who returned to the Kremlin, did not believe the rumors. However, the Poluevktovs got scared and disappeared from the yard for 6 years.
Young Ivan, the son of the Grand Duke and Princess Maria, also could not immediately believe that his mother had died. It was not her that he saw lying on the bed and in the coffin, but some other woman: blurry, ugly, motionless, with closed eyes, with a strange, swollen face.
Kazan campaign
The next year, the father took the young prince on a hike. A great army had gathered: they were marching on Kazan, for the third time after two raids in the fall and winter, and almost all of Ivan the Young’s uncles brought their regiments - both Yuri, Andrei, Simeon and Boris - all appanage princes, boyars. They weren’t just going to fight: they were going to take Kazan, to defeat a dangerous enemy. Ivan the Young felt like an important part of this army, he liked it here, he liked to think that he, along with the adults, was participating in an important matter.
But one morning John III was informed that the Polish ambassador had arrived in Moscow. John, who was then stationed in Pereyaslavl, ordered the ambassador to come to him and, after negotiations, sent him with an answer to the King, and he himself, along with his son and most of the army, returned to Moscow.
Ivan the Young, upset, firmly decided to someday defeat the Tatars.
Unshakable
John III was 22 years old when he became the sole ruler of the Moscow lands. His son is the same 22 years old when he turned from a prince’s son into one of the heroes who drove the Tatars out of Russian lands.
Having quarreled with the Horde khan, John gathered a huge army and led it to the southern borders, to the Ugra River. But again, the closer he got to the battlefield, the more he was overcome by indecision. Finally, he ordered his son, who was with the vanguard, to retreat. But Ivan the Young disobeyed his father: “We are waiting for the Tatars,” he briefly answered his father’s envoy. Then the sovereign sovereign sent Prince Kholmsky, one of the leading politicians of that time, to his son, but even he could not convince Ivan Ivanovich. “It’s better for me to die here than to leave the army,” was his answer to his father.
The Tatars approached the Ugra. Ivan the Young and his uncle Prince Andrei Menshoi exchanged fire with the Khan’s army for four days and forced him to move two miles from the shore. As it turned out later, this was the only Tatar attack. Having waited until the cold weather set in, and unsuccessfully tried to frighten John the Third with threats, Khan Akhmat retreated completely.
Voloshanka
In the winter of 1482, Ivan the Young was invited to visit his grandmother in the Ascension Monastery of the Moscow Kremlin (she lived there after becoming a nun). When Ivan arrived, he was introduced to his bride, the daughter of the Moldavian ruler, Elena. As in a fairy tale, Elena, who was nicknamed Voloshanka, was both beautiful and wise. Not only the young prince liked her, but also his grandmother and father.
The young people met for several days, maybe a month. And on Epiphany they were married. And again, as in a fairy tale, nine months later their son Dmitry was born. It seemed that Rus' was doomed to grow stronger and develop after the death of Ivan Vasilyevich: his heir, who was supported by the boyars and most princes, would become a worthy sovereign, and he would also be replaced by a worthy son.
But the wrong Ivan became the Fourth in Muscovy, and a whole era in the life of the country was associated with the name of the wrong Dmitry.
Pattern scandal
The birth of his grandson became a holiday for John III. To celebrate, he decided to give his daughter-in-law, Elena Stefanovna, a patterned, that is, pearl jewelry that his first wife, Ivan the Young’s mother, Maria, wore. The Grand Duke sent for the pattern, but no matter how much the servants looked for it, they could not find it.
It turned out that John’s second wife, the Byzantine despotine Sophia Palaeologus, gave the jewelry to her niece, Maria Palaeologus, the wife of Prince Vasily of Verei. John became furious. Of course, he planned to give the jewelry “with meaning”: in this way, John emphasized who he considered his heir (after all, he also had sons from Sophia).
The Grand Duke ordered the return of all dowry to Maria Paleologus. In fear, Vasily Vereisky fled with his wife to Lithuania. John declared Vasily a traitor and took away his inheritance. However, Elena never got the pattern.
Snake tail
Under the same pretext, high treason, Ivan Vasilyevich finally annexed the Tver Principality. Having made sure that Mikhail, Prince of Tver, was corresponding with the Polish king, calling him to war with Moscow, the father of Ivan the Young, as usual, gathered a great army and went on a campaign.
Tver withstood the siege for three days and, when the cowardly Mikhail fled to Lithuania, it opened the gates to the new sovereign.
Ivan the Young, nephew and only heir of Mikhail, became the Prince of Tver. Thus, according to the plan of John the Third, in the person of his eldest son, two strong Russian principalities were united into one powerful state.
On the occasion of the reign of Ivan Ivanovich, a coin was minted in Tver, depicting a young prince chopping the tail of a snake.
Venetian doctor
The Italians, especially the Venetians, unwittingly, left several traces in medieval history Rus'. Thus, one Venetian ambassador to Ordu was caught in deception: while living in Moscow, he hid the purpose of his trip from the sovereign, for which he was almost executed.
Another of his compatriots, a doctor named Leon, did much more mischief.
Thirty-two years old, Ivan Molodoy became seriously ill: he was overcome by kamchyuga, that is, aching legs, a symptom not uncommon in medicine. The doctor promised to cure the prince, gave him hot cups, gave him some medicine, but Ivan only got worse and, in the end, he died.
Forty days after his death, the unlucky doctor was executed, and rumors spread throughout Moscow that Sofia Paleologus had poisoned his stepson.
Ivan the Young - a representative of the Rurikovich family, appanage prince Tverskoy, heir to the Grand Duke of Moscow and his first wife Maria. Scientists call the prince a prototype - the hero of the Russians folk tales and epic.
Childhood and youth
15-year-old Princess Maria Borisovna gave her husband an heir in the winter of 1458. The appanage prince of Tverskoy was born in the chambers of the Moscow Kremlin, then still made of wood. They named the first-born Ivan III in honor of his father and heavenly patron- Ivan. To celebrate, the Grand Duke of Moscow built the stone Church of John the Baptist “on Bor”.
At the age of 9, Ivan was left without a mother: the young beauty Maria Borisovna fell ill from an unknown disease and died suddenly. Written evidence remained that the cause of Mary's death was believed to be poisoning. The envious wife of the nobleman Alexei Poluektov, who secretly took the princess’s belt and took the fortune teller, was called the poisoner.
John the Third, returning from Kolomna, where he was absent on state affairs, did not believe the gossip of the courtyard servants and did not punish the Poluektovs, but they, fearing the punishment of the saddened prince, fled and appeared at court 6 years later.
Governing body
In 1468, when the young prince was 10 years old, Ivan III took the boy on a campaign to Kazan. Hostile Khanate of Kazan twice in a year raided the lands of the Russian princes, so all the uncles of Ivan the Young, boyars and appanage princes gathered on the campaign. Angered by the frequent and devastating raids, the troops of the princes decided not just to teach the Tatars a lesson, but to conquer Kazan.
Young Ivan was filled with pride at his involvement in a great cause, but John III unexpectedly ordered the campaign to be curtailed. The Moscow prince was informed that an envoy had arrived in the Kremlin from Polish king. John, leaving part of the army in Pereyaslavl, returned home with his son to Moscow. Ivan Molodoy was upset and vowed to definitely defeat the Kazan team when he grew up.
In the 1470s, Ivan Ioannovich began to rule together with his father, and in 22 he drove out the Tatar hordes from Russian lands. This event took place in 1480 and was called “Standing on the Ugra River.” Ivan the Young went on a campaign against the Tatars with his uncle, the appanage prince of Vologda Andrei the Lesser.
The background is this. Having quarreled with the Horde khan, the father of Ivan the Young gathered a squad and, leading the army, went to southern borders along the Ugra River. The Grand Duke of Moscow, as he approached the battlefield, doubted victory and ordered his son, who approached the front line, to leave his position. But the young prince disobeyed and conveyed a short message to his parent: “We are waiting for the Tatars.”
After the messenger brought his son’s answer, the sovereign sent an influential boyar to Ivan the Young, but he also failed to convince the intractable prince. The son replied that he preferred to die, but would not leave the army.
The Kazan army arrived at the Ugra, but did not attack the enemy, but stopped at opposite bank. For four days, princes Ivan the Young and Andrei Menshoi exchanged fire with enemy troops and forced the Tatars to retreat 2 versts. Khan Akhmat, seeing the futility of attempts to scare Russian army, retreated without a fight.
The son and father carried out a joint campaign against Tver in 1485, annexing the possessions to the Moscow Principality. The reason for the campaign against the prince Tverskoy Mikhail Borisovich, Ivan the Young's maternal uncle, was betrayed: Mikhail sought an alliance with the King of Poland.
Ivan the Young began to rule the principality. In honor of the event, a coin was minted with the image of a prince cutting off a snake's tail, symbolizing betrayal.
Personal life
In winter 1482, the young prince arrived at the Ascension Monastery for women near the Spasskaya Tower to visit his monastic grandmother. There the prince met his future wife, the beautiful Elena, the daughter of a prominent Moldavian ruler. Elena turned out to be not only visually attractive, but also an educated girl.
A month later, on Epiphany, the wedding took place, and 9 months later the couple had a boy. The firstborn was named Dmitry. To celebrate, John III decided to give his daughter-in-law, nicknamed Voloshanka, a pearl necklace - a jewel left over from his late wife Mary. By presenting the pearls, John wanted to show that he considered Dmitry Ivanovich Grandson to be the heir.
Imagine the prince’s anger when he learned that the family jewel was given by his second wife to her niece Maria. John demanded the return of Mary's entire dowry along with the necklace. But the family heirloom never went to Elena Voloshanka.
Death
In 1490, 31-year-old Ivan the Young fell ill with kamchuga (gout). Doctors from Venice Lebi Zhidovina were called to treat unbearable aches in the legs. He gave the prince jars, gave him decoctions and mixtures to drink, but Ivan the Young got worse. He died in the spring.
Rumors spread throughout Moscow about the poisoning of the prince by his stepmother Paleologina. After 40 days, the doctor who was discharged from Venice by Sophia was beheaded. The poisoning of Ivan the Young has not been documented, but 100 years later the prince had no doubt that the prince was poisoned.
Perhaps the doctor who swore to cure Ivan the Young turned out to be a victim of a conspiracy and a “switchman”, whom Sophia Paleolog pointed out in order to stay on the sidelines.
Researchers suggest that the prince was poisoned with snake venom. A symptom of poisoning is aching legs.
Memory
Historians and biographers believe that fairy tale character Ivan Tsarevich is “written off” from Ivan the Young. The fact that the appanage prince of Tver and co-ruler of the Grand Duke of Moscow became the prototype of the hero national epic, says many similar details of the biographies.
Ivan Tsarevich had 2 villain brothers - Vasily and Dmitry. The half-brothers of Ivan the Young, the sons of Sophia Paleologus, bore the same names.
The offspring of the Grand Duke of Moscow is described in the essays of the historian Alexander Zimin “Revived Russia” and the biographical study of Konstantin Ryzhov “All the Monarchs of the World.”