Lesson Plan
- Greetings. Organizing time.
- Checking homework
- Announcing the topic and objectives of the lesson
- Fixing the material
- Homework
Tasks:
- educational:
1) consolidation of knowledge about the isolation of definitions expressed by participial phrases and adjectives with dependent words, two (three) agreed single definitions;
2) improving the ability to correctly place punctuation marks in sentences with separate agreed common and non-common definitions;
3) spelling N and NN in participles and adjectives; coordination of participles and participial phrases;
- developing: develop punctuation vigilance, speech, memory, logical thinking, attention, will, emotions;
- educational: to cultivate interest in the subject.
Teaching aids: textbook “Russian language. 8th grade.”S. G. Barkhudarov, S. E. Kryuchkov, L. Yu. Masimov and others - M., “Prosveshchenie”, 2011; presentation on the topic of the lesson, table “Isolation of definitions and applications”, cards for individual work
During the classes
1. Greeting. Organizing time.
2. Checking homework
Students read sentences written out from exercise 298 into a table
Which fields were you unable to complete?
Write down a sentence The silence at dawn, so rare in Moscow, only intensified his excitement.
Name the grammatical conditions for isolating agreed common definitions
3. Announcement of the topic and objectives of the lesson
Presentation slides No. 1, 2
Today in the lesson we will practice the skills of placing punctuation marks in sentences with agreed upon common definitions
4. Fixing the material
1) Explanatory dictation
1. The cold wind, sharp and persistent, throws us around, and it’s hard to row. 2. Dry grass, leaves torn from trees, and small branches swirled in the air. 3. Wet snowfalls will suddenly fall on the forest, which is chilled and naked. 4. Almost all gazelles, both African and Asian, do not recognize the closeness of forests.
Individual work with cards
Place punctuation marks. Explain them graphically.
1. Although angry in appearance, he was a good-natured person at heart.
2. Blessed is the Russian land, open to good grain.
3. The weather, which had been gloomy since the morning, began to clear up little by little.
4. Overshadowed by the roaring moisture, you let down the strands of your hair.
Arrange and graphically explain punctuation marks. Fill in the missing spellings.
Tired from walking through the swamp, I wandered into the barn and fell asleep deeply.
2. From the corner of the room, two (not) moving fiery eyes looked at her.
4. In the cold crystal, the gardens were suddenly covered by a blizzard.
2) Bug fixes
Presentation slides No. 3
Indicate sentences with punctuation errors. Correct them and write down these sentences, mark the paragraph.
1. The fire that flared up in the wind was extinguished for a very short time.
2. Absent-minded and incapable, he was constantly subjected to punishment.
3. Somewhere, invisible to the eye, water is babbling.
4. Suddenly a shadow flashed on a bright stripe crossing the floor.
5. You are young and strong and must lead the way.
Examination
Presentation slides No. 4
The class performs orally. Several students then complete the work for assessment.
4) Constructing sentences
Presentation slides No. 4
Open the brackets and insert the missing letters and punctuation marks. Graphically explain spellings and punctograms.
The silver... watch (lying next to the old weapon) was beautiful and exquisite... and sparkled dimly.
The unity... of this... ulmka against (uncaught... criminal) was frivolous... about the omission... and the employees (investigation... group).
The criminal left his prints not on the door (armored safe), but on the (open door) of the closet.
5) Working with text.
Record the text from dictation.
Winter, huge, spacious, unbearably shining on the snowy desert fields, unfolded its strange pictures before me.
The fields were endless, and only a strip of forest darkened far on the horizon. The snow creaked and sang, squealing under the runners. The horses snored, their gray manes fluttering. The driver, who looked like Father Christmas, shouted in a drawn-out manner. At times we drove through the forest, and it was a fairy-tale state, mysterious and motionless.
Find the sentence that contains the main idea of the text.
Title the text so that the title expresses this idea.
Determine the role of isolated definitions in this literary text.
What other artistic means does the author use to paint an amazing picture of winter? Give examples from the text.
5. Homework.
Exercise 300 or 306 (optional)
A 21. B 5. PUNCIPATION IN SENTENCES
WITH SEPARATE MEMBERS OF THE OFFER
(DEFINITIONS, CIRCUMSTANCES).
Isolated members of a sentence.
Isolated are those parts of a sentence that stand out in meaning and intonation. The isolated members of the proposal are divided into the following groups:
1. Separate definitions:
a) expressed by single or homogeneous adjectives, sometimes adjectives with dependent words. And he, rebellious, asks for storms...
b) expressed by a participial phrase. Childish cry echoed, thunders through the forests from morning to night.
c) expressed by application. Volga, great Russian river, cannot but amaze with its beauty and grandeur.
SEPARATION OF DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATIONS
Separated by commas | |
1. Any definitions and applications (regardless of their prevalence and location), if they relate to a personal pronoun. | Friends since childhood, they never parted. They, agronomists, went to work in the village. |
2. Agreed common definitions and applications, if they appear after the noun being defined. | The berries picked by the children were delicious. Grandfather, a participant in the war, knew everything about the distant time. |
3. Two or more homogeneous agreed upon non-common definitions, standing after the defined noun. | The wind, warm and gentle, woke up the flowers in the meadow. |
4. Agreed definitions and applications (standing before the defined noun), if they have an additional circumstance. meaning (causal, conditional, concessive, etc.) | Exhausted by the difficult road, the guys could not continue the journey (reason). |
5. Agreed applications (including single ones), if they come after the word being defined - a proper noun. Exception: single applications that merge with a noun in meaning are not highlighted. | The detachment was headed by Sergei Smirnov, an experienced intelligence officer. In my adolescence I read books by Dumas the Father. |
APPLICATIONS WITH UNIONHOW
2. Special circumstances:
a) expressed by a single participle or participial phrase ( Having had enough sleep, I was in a good mood);
b) expressed by a noun with prepositions despite, thanks to, contrary to, due to, etc. (In the house, despite the severe frost, It was warm).
SEPARATION OF CIRCUMSTANCES
Isolated | Not isolated |
1. Participle phrases and single gerunds: We walked, drowning in the sand. I, out of breath has stopped. 2. With the pretext despite: He smiled , despite for a bad mood. 3. With derivative prepositions thanks to, despite, etc., if they come before the predicate: Contrary to prediction, the weather has cleared. | 1. Phraseologisms that include gerunds: He listened opening my mouth. He worked carelessly. 2. Participles with adverbial meaning: standing, lying down, silently, reluctantly, jokingly, without looking, playing, etc. He read lying down. He was lying down reading. But: He read lying on the sofa. |
3. Separate clarifying members of the sentence, which are used to specify or explain other members of the sentence.
Sentence Member | Example |
Circumstance | On the left, on the bank, we stopped to rest. |
Definition | She was wearing a red, almost scarlet, dress. |
Addition | The return of the whole family, even the shaggy dog, had a revitalizing effect on him. |
Main members of the proposal | The old woman, the watchwoman, was very frightened by the story. |
PUNCTUATION MARKS FOR CLARIFYING MEMBERS OF A SENTENCE
Separate themselves | Examples |
1. Clarifying circumstances of place and time | The guys returned from the excursion late at night , At twelve o'clock. |
2. Clarifying members of the sentence, attached using conjunctions that is, or (= that is) | Albatross flew and screamed over the water , that is, sea gulls. |
3. Clarifying terms with words especially, even, mainly, in particular, including, for example, etc. | In an imperceptible way I became attached to a kind family , even to a crooked garrison lieutenant. |
4. Clarifying additions with prepositions except, besides, over, instead of, excluding, including, except, etc. | |
5) Other circumstances, as well as applications, may serve as clarifying members. | He greeted me well brotherly . 5th grade student Fedorov Vasya, absent from school for a valid reason. |
Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. Complete academic reference book Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich
Punctuation marks for isolated inconsistent definitions
§ 53. Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in the form of indirect cases with prepositions and related to common nouns, are isolated:
1) if the word being defined already has preceding agreed definitions: The door opens and a small, dry old man enters the room, with a sharp, gray beard, wearing heavy glasses on his red, gristly nose, wearing a long white apron and holding a lamp in his hand.(M.G.); There was a large photograph in the album: the inside some empty chapel, with vaults, with shiny walls of smooth stone (Boon.); It was a dry, frosty day in early November, with a leaden-gray calm sky and sparse, almost just a few snowflakes.(B. Past.); Was last cold pre-spring day, with wind whipping drizzle (A. Color.);
2) if inconsistent definitions are included in the ranks of homogeneous members along with agreed upon definitions (the word being defined in this case may not have a preceding definition): Artist, short in stature, youthfully light despite his height, wearing a beret and a velvet jacket walked from corner to corner(Boon.).
If the defined name does not have other (agreed) definitions, then the separation of inconsistent definitions is optional. In this case, isolation is facilitated by the need to indicate very specific, private characteristics of the object or characteristics temporary nature, attributed to the subject at the moment: crumbs, the size of a hemp seed, must be carefully selected(Sparrow); Doctor, with a sword in hand, ran into the bedroom(Tyn.). Wed, however: Salesman in a clean white robe and blue cap served... a client(Bulg.).
When designating permanent characteristics, the definition not isolated: On stools with gilded legs there was a whole row of ladies sitting(Bulg.).
§ 54. Inconsistent definitions are isolated if they refer to combinations of nouns and non-separate definitions that extend them: But then a gentleman in pince-nez, with amazed eyes, in a black velvet beret, from under which greenish curls fell, and in a long coat of shiny chestnut fur, drove up to the porch(Bun.) - the phrase is defined gentleman in pince-nez; I built it next to the school dormitory for twenty people, with a room for a man, a comfortable dining room and a bright kitchen (Sol.) - the phrase is defined hostel for twenty people .
Note. An inconsistent definition may not be isolated if the defined common noun itself is not capable of fully expressing the meaning in a given context: And one morning, during office hours, he came to Kornilov’s office a man with glasses and some kind of strange, either summer or winter, very crumpled hat (Hall.); In front of him stood man in a hat (Shuksh.) - words Human And man in these contexts require specification by indicating distinctive features ( a man with glasses and a strange hat, a man in a hat).
§ 55. Inconsistent definitions related to to proper names, since a proper name in itself characterizes a person as unique and quite specific; the definition indicates the characteristics attributed to the person at the moment: In a minute, Ivan Markovich and Sasha, in coats and hats, going down the stairs(Ch.); Shabashkin, with a cap on his head, stood with his arms akimbo(P.).
§ 56. Inconsistent definitions related to personal pronouns are highlighted: Today she in the new blue hood, was especially young and impressively beautiful(M.G.); I looked out the window through the branches of the ash trees and saw: the river was all blue from the moon, and he, in a white shirt and a wide sash with ends loose at the sides, stands with one foot in the boat and the other on the shore(M.G.); In mid-January, at night, in the same coat, but with torn buttons, I was huddled in the cold in my yard(Bulg.).
§ 57. Inconsistent definitions are isolated, separated from the words being defined - nouns and pronouns - by other members of the sentence: Immediately all in the summer transparent sun, Maria Shcherbatova bent over him(Paust.); In a light airy dress, she entered the room and sat down opposite the window.
§ 58. Inconsistent definitions expressed by the comparative degree of adjectives are isolated (they have the meaning of clarification): ...There were shadows floating there, there were many of them, and one of them, darker and thicker, than others, swam faster and lower than her sisters(M.G.). - Wed. which was darker and thicker than the others; Sometimes, in the general harmony of the splash, a more elevated and playful note is heard - this is one of the waves bolder, crawled towards us(M.G.). - Wed: who was bolder; Long, below the knees, the old man's shirt was dazzlingly white under the moon(Shuksh.); It seemed to him that another road was attached to the road along which he was walking, slightly less (Pelev.).
§ 59. Inconsistent definitions related to adjective definitions and having the meaning of clarification are isolated: Through her[greenery] shines through blue, silver, sky(M.G.); He went into the upper room, undressed, and carefully hung festive, with stripes, bloomers(Shol.); To the right, at the foot of the hills, spread out a large field, covered tall, human height, grass(Chuck.); Exactly at that eve, before the storm, some significant incidents happened for Ivan Matveich(Leon.). (See also § 79.)
In the absence of a clarification value, such definitions are not distinguished: Red polka dots the dress made her stand out in the crowd.
§ 60. Inconsistent definitions expressed by the infinitive are usually not isolated; together with the noun they form a phrase: a desire to study, an order to leave, an idea to create a charity society, a dream to engage in art, an order to complete a task. For example: I gave the command lie down and begin studying the enemy’s defensive system (Zl.); It takes courage admit your failure (Copt.); Kirill Ivanovich felt a desire within himself repeat every word several times, but for some reason I was afraid to do it(M.G.).
The infinitive as a definition is separated from the word being defined by the sign dash, if the name being defined already has a definition with it. In this case, the infinitive definition takes on the meaning of additional clarification (it is possible to insert words namely): Vikhrov's old dream came true - once again touch his cheek to the dry breast that nourished him (Leon.).
Separate infinitive definitions, common and non-common, are located at the end of the sentence: - I will impose one duty on everyone - create (M.G.); Why don’t you, say, set yourself a simple and very important goal - save funds allocated by the state to your school (gas.).
When located inside a sentence, infinitive definitions, even if there are additional definitions with the defined name, are not isolated: But maybe my ability comprehend the world around us Is this why it was given to me, so that someday I can be transported to another space?(Hall.).
When placed inside a sentence, infinitive definitions can take on the character of plug-in constructions with a clarifying and explanatory meaning and are then highlighted on both sides dash(or parentheses): These two are completely different events in themselves - leave your native land and set foot on French soil, - each of which should be an independent grandiose event, merge into two or three general words of telegraph text: “Flew safely”(Sol.). (See also § 97.)
From the book Handbook of the Russian Language. Punctuation author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich§ 51. Punctuation marks in dialogue 1. If dialogue lines are given each in a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of them: - So the German is calm? - Silence. - Rockets? - Yes, but not very often (Kaz.).2. If replicas are included in the selection without indicating who they belong to, then each of them
From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (ZN) by the author TSB§ 71. Alternative punctuation marks 1. For complex subordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed once - either before the entire conjunction, or, depending on the meaning, intonation, certain lexical conditions, before the second part (the first is part of the main part
From the book Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich§ 72. Variable punctuation marks Often in the press there are different punctuation marks for similar texts. Above, for example, it was said that different punctuation marks may appear before the connecting structure: comma, dash, period, ellipsis (see § 24,
From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Reference author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich§ 123. Punctuation marks in dialogue If lines of dialogue are given from a new paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of them, for example: - Do you have any relatives? - There is no one. I'm alone in the world. - Do you know how to read and write? - Yes. – Do you know any language other than Aramaic? - I know. Greek (Bulgakov). If
From the book Rock Encyclopedia. Popular music in Leningrad-Petersburg, 1965–2005. Volume 1 author Burlaka Andrey Petrovich§ 123. Punctuation marks in dialogue 1. If dialogue lines are given from a new paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of them, for example: - So the German is calm? - Silence. - Rockets! - Yes, but not very often (Kazakevich).2. If the replicas are included in the selection without indicating who they belong to, then
From the author's bookPUNCIPATION MARKS AT THE END AND AT THE BEGINNING OF SENTENCES. ENDING SIGNS IN THE MIDDLE OF A SENTENCE Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence § 1. Depending on the purpose of the message, the presence or absence of emotional overtones of the statement, a period is placed at the end of the sentence
From the author's bookPunctuation marks for homogeneous definitions § 37. Homogeneous definitions, expressed by adjectives and participles and standing before the word being defined, are separated from each other by a comma, heterogeneous ones are not separated (for an exception, see § 41). Note 1: Difference between
From the author's bookPUNCTION MARKS FOR SEPARATE MEMBERS
From the author's bookPunctuation marks for separate agreed definitions § 46. Definitive phrases are separated (highlighted or separated) by commas, i.e. definitions expressed by participles or adjectives with dependent words, in the following cases.1. Definitive
From the author's bookPunctuation marks for separate applications § 61. Common applications that appear after the word being defined - a noun or pronoun, as well as sentences separated from them by other members or relating to an absent member of the sentence,
From the author's bookPunctuation marks in isolated circumstances § 68. Circumstances expressed by participial phrases are separated by commas, regardless of their location in relation to the predicate verb: Without putting on his cap, he went out onto the porch (Shol.); Having become riotous during the night, the forest
From the author's bookPUNCTION MARKS FOR ADDRESSES § 101. Addresses, i.e. words and combinations of words naming the addressee of speech, are highlighted (or separated) by commas. When emotionality increases, an exclamation mark is placed after the address: Congratulations, comrades, on your safe arrival
From the author's bookPunctuation marks for quotations § 140. Quotes are enclosed in quotation marks and are formalized with punctuation marks in the same way as direct speech (see § 133-136): a) Marcus Aurelius said: “Pain is a living idea of pain: make an effort of will to change this is a show, throw it away, stop it
From the author's bookfor inconsistent definitions, commas for definitions in the form of oblique cases with prepositions relating to common nouns, if this name already has a definition § 53 optional isolation of inconsistent definitions § 53 for definitions,
From the author's bookPUNCTION MARKS The group PUNCTION MARKS was born in June 1988 as a peculiar reaction to the change in musical direction in the popular St. Petersburg group of the second half of the 80s THE YOUNGER BROTHERS - from melodic neo-romanticism and electropop towards hard guitar
Punctuation marks in a simple complex sentence (homogeneous members of the sentence) and in a complex sentence
For completing the task correctly you can receive 2 points.
Theory for task 16 in Russian:
Algorithm for completing task 16 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language:
- Highlight the basics.
- Insert punctuation if necessary.
- Write down the numbers of sentences that contain one comma.
Punctuation marks for repeating sentence parts
§ 44. A busy word is placed between repeating clauses. For example, repetition emphasizes the duration of an action: I'm going, I'm going in an open field; bell ding-ding-ding...(P.); We sailed, we sailed wind-blown clouds in the dark blue depths(Shol.); indicates a large number of objects or phenomena: Along the Smolensk road -forests, forests, forests . Along the Smolensk road -pillars, pillars, pillars (OK.); denotes a high degree of attribute, quality, feeling, and each of the words repeated in this case has a logical emphasis: Scary, scary reluctantly among the unknown plains(P.); The sky was nowgray, gray (Sol.); Why are you walking, my son?lonely, lonely? (OK.); emphasizes the categorical nature of the statement: Now... all I live iswork work... (Am.).
Note 1. For the use of hyphens in repetitions, see “Spelling”, § 118, paragraph 1.
Note 2. On the repetition of prepositional combinations with forms of pronominal words ( in what in what, with whom with whom) see “Spelling”, § 155, p.b.
Note 3. There is no comma if repeating terms with particles Not or So between them they form a single semantic whole with the meaning of an underlined statement, agreement, or express the meaning of uncertainty: NoSo No; DriveSo drive; Valeria looked at me again and said nothing: tomorrowSo Tomorrow(Sol.); Everything is at hand in our village: a forestSo forest, riverSo river(Sol.); RainNot rain, you won't understand what. The same when expressing the meaning of a concession: TimeNot It's time, but we have to go.
If repeated predicates with a particle So have conditional consequential meanings with a hint of reinforcement, then a comma can be placed: - Well then! - he suddenly exclaims with an unexpected surge of energy. - Get ready, get ready(Cupr.); Well, it will be, thank you. Made friends, so made friends(Chuck.). (Wed: If we need to gather, then we will gather; If you are friendly, then with interest.)
§ 45. Repeating parts of a sentence with a conjunction And when sharply emphasizing their meaning, they are separated by the sign dash:Leave - and leave quickly; We need victory - and only victory. However, with a calmer intonation, a comma is also possible: You, and only you, are capable of this; We need facts, and only facts.
If the union And stands between two identical verbs, which act as a single predicate expressing a constantly repeating action, a comma is not placed: And he keeps writing and writing letters to the old address.
Punctuation marks for isolated members of a sentence Punctuation marks for isolated agreed definitions
§ 46. Determinative phrases are isolated (highlighted or separated) by commas, i.e., definitions expressed by participles or adjectives with dependent words, in the following cases.
1. The attributive phrase after the defined noun is highlighted or separated by commas: A dirty city downpour struck,mixed with dust (B. Past.); Anton Pavlovich Chekhov,crossed Siberia on horseback at the end of the last century on a trip to Sakhalin , missed you all the way to the Yenisei(Spread); Master,dozing on the grass , stood up and nodded(Hall.); In the rough grasssimilar to goat hair , low purple flowers bloomed between the low wormwoods(Color.); Dust,pink from the sparkle of lightning , rushed along the ground(Paust.); loose clouds,soaked in dark water , rushed low over the sea(Paust.).
2. The attributive phrase standing before the defined noun, does not separate comma from the word being defined: The silence of this night was filled with musicunborn Tchaikovsky (Hall.); In this box Yazykov later kept his souvenirs from Trigorsky, letters to him from Pushkin and Osipov-Wulf andgiven to him by Pushkin autograph of the poems “Ulukomorye green oak...”(Gaych.); Full of darkness the forests stood motionless.
However, the attributive phrase standing before the noun separated by commas, if it is complicated by a circumstantial connotation of meaning. Wed: Surrounded by green hedge the house caught our attention(word house included in the attributive phrase house surrounded by green hedge). -Surrounded by green hedge , the house was not visible from a distance(the definition is isolated, as it is complicated by the adverbial meaning: as it was surrounded by a green hedge); Stuck underground the harvest promised a satisfying winter(Color.). - Stuck underground , the harvest promised a well-fed winter(in the first case, the attributive phrase is not separated from the defined name; in the second case, the phrase hidden underground isolated from the name, such a turn creates an additional causal connotation: because it was taken underground). Wed. Also: Knew the city well the guest easily found the street he needed(Bulg.). - Knew the city well , the guest easily found the street he needed(in the second case the causal meaning is emphasized).
Note. A circumstantial connotation of meaning may also appear in attributive phrases related to phrases: Written extremely simply and precisely , the new book, according to Konstantin Vorobyov, should become a “cardiogram of the heart”(V.V. Vorobyova). Wed: Being written extremely simply and accurately, the new book... should become a “cardiogram of the heart.”
3. The attributive phrase is separated by commas if it is separated from the word being defined by other members of the sentence: Bent in the wind , gray road weeds moved past(Leon.); Somewhere hundreds of miles away,fenced off by steep pine trees and wide poplars of impenetrable Baltic swamps , their big homeland is spread out...(Sparrow); Full of fire and sacraments , the sky was flashing from all sides(Boon.); Born of the desert , the sound fluctuates(Sick.); In the next small room on the sofa,covered with a hospital gown , the master lay in deep sleep(Bulg.); The pebbles crunched underfoot,in dim light, reminiscent of the discarded skin of a snake (Leon.); The wheel shook and jumped on the hood in time with her thoughts,gray with dirt (Set.).
§ 47. Determinative phrases relating to a personal pronoun, both in the nominative and indirect cases, are separated by commas, regardless of location: Completely dead , he is forced to interrupt his visits and return home(Bend over); He,thrice young , I expected everything from life, but I never expected this letter(Shuksh.); We,accustomed to the boundless noise of the sea , were even depressed by this silence(Paust.); We went homeupset about what happened ; In his hut, sitting at the table, he thought,full of sadness (Sick.); He[intelligence] show me meswayed on the sea wave , me,flying with the wind to an invisible land (Sick.); Accustomed to need , she was infuriated by even the smallest well-being(Leon.).
§ 48. Uncommon (without dependent words), agreed definitions (adjectives and participles) are separated or not separated by commas, depending on the position in relation to the word being defined, on the presence of a second definition standing before the word being defined, on the way of expressing the word being defined.
1. Non-widespread definitions are isolated if they appear after the defined noun, which already has a definition, i.e. they relate to the phrase: My first Moscow autumn,warm and welcoming , stood for a long time(Chiv.).
However, relative adjectives in the role of definitions for phrases may not be isolated if they have logical stress: On a quiet eveningwinter in a small house near the Prechistensky Gate we sat having tea(Color.). Wed. with the clarification value: On a quiet evening,winter , in a small house at the Prechistensky Gate...(winter, i.e. quiet like winter).
Highlighting is required when specifying: The steps wereof different lengths, sometimes wide, sometimes mincing (Hall.).
2. Uncommon definitions related to nouns that do not have definitions in front are isolated only if they have an explanatory and specific meaning: I often found notes in my place,short and disturbing (Ch.); In the morning he unfolds the newspaper,local (Sol.); I open it into the night,black, starry, Sorrento, sash window(Color.).
Note. Uncommon definitions that appear after the defined name of a noun that does not have a definition in front are not isolated if this noun needs a definition, since in itself it is not capable of expressing its full meaning in a given context: "I visited again" -unfinished poem (Gaych.); It took them a while to realize what was in front of them.extraordinary personality, unique (Gran.); Is this really what it is?human progress (Hall.); Vanya was looking tooa universal and universally binding thought (Hall.); ...Somewhere in this world there islife is pure, graceful, poetic (Ch.).
In such attributive phrases, the logical emphasis always falls on the definition: extraordinary personality; life is pure, elegant, poetic.
3. Unused definitions related to personal pronouns are separated. They can come before them, after them, or be separated from them by other members of the sentence. Wed: I lit a fire and went to look for women. They,quiet , separately, stood on the bank of a stream under a clump of bird cherry trees(Sparrow) - Quiet , they, separately, stood on the bank of the stream...; Sopronov did not look at anyone. He was now sitting at the table,pale , played and tapped a pencil on the tabletop(White); Behind me,small , maybe three years old and pantsless, was being chased by a huge shaggy dog(P. Neil.).
Note. A non-separate definition for personal pronouns is rare: You can not understandme today, experiencing the old age of my old age , do not understand the state of my body and the flow of thoughts that have become too simple for you(Hall.); Red Director andwe are pale looked straight at Ivan Petrovich(Ch.); Don't understandnot waiting for them how in the middle of the fire you saved me with your expectation(Sim.); And truly you are the capital forcrazy and bright us (Ahm.); To the ridiculous and stupid me just today I had a dream that she never loved me(Bl.); The little woman looked at me, a stranger(Eut.). Such definitions are the semantic center of the statement; they usually refer to pronouns in oblique cases and precede them. In the position after the pronoun, they pull the stress from the pronoun to themselves: Don't understand me today.
§ 49. Adjectives or participles, single and with dependent words, in any word order are not isolated if they are included in the predicate: This mushroom is all the wayspring remains firm and fragrant (Spread); Weatherstood justboring (Shuksh.); Autumnstand long and quiet (Spread); Desert for centurieslay untouched (Paust.); Kittystood scared, timid, ashamed and therefore even morelovely (L. T.); Terrible and pale stands he's in front of me(M.G.); We reached the hut soaking wet(Paust.); Doomed HeHuman , he will never have a wife, children, or a cozy home(Akun.).
§ 50. Not segregated definitions are not common and with dependent words, coming after pronouns negative, indefinite, indicative, attributive, forming a single group with them (emphasis falls on the definition): Nothing human it is not alien to him; In the pre-dawn deep darkness I saw him wave over the fencesomeone big and heavy (Shol.); It’s not enough for me that I’m flying, and I wantsomething more (Spread); I felt what happened in the worldsomething related to me personally(Cat.); He entered the landing of the iron ladder leading to the mechanic's office.someone unfamiliar (White); From the very walls of the monastery he told hersomething very simple and ordinary from student life(Sparrow); tell mesomething fun (Ch.); Every applicant to the competition must wait for a call.
However, if there is a clarifying and restrictive meaning of the definition are isolated:The man who entered whispered something to the man sitting, andthe one completely upset , rose from his chair(Bulg.); I wanted to distinguish myself in front ofthis dear to me , person(M.T.); I have never heard thatanyone, even the most desperate , began to be rude or capricious in front of her(Spread). Wed: Vaughnthe little one , is already approaching the finish line(definition small specifies the meaning of the pronoun That, that is, it indicates the small one among all the others); - Vaughnthat little one is already approaching the finish line(definition is demonstrative pronoun That, and defined - small; meaning: point to one of the small ones); All those departing and seeing off must go to the waiting room(participles have a definition - a pronoun All). -Everyone leaving and seeing off, settled down in the waiting room(participle adjectives clarify the meaning of the pronoun All);He can't understandthose current who like to receive money but not get things done(Shcherb.). - He can't understandthose current , which...(in the first case the demonstrative pronoun those with a defined substantivized adjective; in the second - an adjective attribute of a pronoun).
§ 51. Definitions at the end of a sentence, both non-extended and with dependent words, can be separated by a dash. Such definitions have explanatory and clarifying meaning: Ultimately, human happiness depends on the results of this struggle -present and future (Ast.); Then I again noticed her glances at me -sometimes inquisitive and insightful, causing anxiety, sometimes absent , with a lost thought,then fast, warily crafty (Spread); And spring came -kind and goofy (Shuksh.); It smelled like smoke again, but it was a different smell -woody, dry, morning (Shuksh.).
Definitions located inside a sentence can be distinguished by a dash on both sides. They acquire the meaning of explanatory and clarifying members of the sentence: Every time I return from fishing, cats of all stripes -red, black, gray and white with tan - they put the house under siege(Paust.) (see also § 97).
§ 52. Always stand out commas definitions expressed by short adjectives or passive participles. They can occupy any position in relation to the word being defined: Awakened at the usual hour , she got up by candlelight(P.); Covered in a prophetic drowsiness , the half-naked forest is sad(Tyutch.); It flashed at me againshackled by sleep , crystal bowl in the darkness of the night(Sick.); The air vibrates, transparent and clean , in the shining stars the leaf sways(Sick.); Then the beast appeared, tall and shaggy , and just like many other animals, recognizing the man, he retreated back(Sick.).
Punctuation marks for isolated inconsistent definitions