Entertaining physics at home. The most beautiful physics experiments of all time

Introduction

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experiments.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher 1724-1804)

Physics experiments introduce students to the diverse applications of the laws of physics in a fun way. Experiments can be used in lessons to attract students’ attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, and at physical evenings. Entertaining experiences deepen and expand students' knowledge, promote the development of logical thinking, and instill interest in the subject.

This work describes 10 entertaining experiments, 5 demonstration experiments using school equipment. The authors of the works are students of the 10th grade of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1 in the village of Zabaikalsk, Transbaikal Territory - Chuguevsky Artyom, Lavrentyev Arkady, Chipizubov Dmitry. The guys independently carried out these experiments, summarized the results and presented them in the form of this work.

The role of experiment in the science of physics

The fact that physics is a young science
It’s impossible to say for sure here.
And in ancient times, learning science,
We always strived to comprehend it.

The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
Be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it’s important to remember – the role of experiment
Must stand in the first place.

Be able to plan an experiment and carry it out.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Striving to reach new heights

The laws of physics are based on facts established empirically. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts accumulate through observation. But you can’t limit yourself to them only. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow for qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations and find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law has been found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to experiment in each individual case; it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. By experimentally studying quantitative relationships between quantities, patterns can be identified. Based on these laws, a general theory of phenomena is developed.

Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of experiments, discussion of the features of its setting and the observed results.

Entertaining experiments in physics

The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:

Experience name
Equipment and materials required for the experiment
Stages of the experiment
Explanation of experience

Experiment No. 1 Four floors

Equipment and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.

Stages of the experiment

Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand five levels above each other. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass that widens towards the top.

Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of the glass.
Roll up a “Funtik” from paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off the tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it onto the salt water.
When the height of the layer of red wine is equal to the height of the layer of colored water, stop pouring the wine.
From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way.
From the third horn, pour a layer of colored alcohol.

Picture 1

So we have four floors of liquids in one glass. All different colors and different densities.

Explanation of experience

The liquids in the grocery store were arranged in the following order: colored water, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol. The heaviest ones are at the bottom, the lightest ones are at the top. Salt water has the highest density, tinted alcohol has the lowest density.

Experience No. 2 Amazing candlestick

Equipment and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.

Stages of the experiment

Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.

Figure 2

Weight the end of the candle with a nail.
Calculate the size of the nail so that the entire candle is immersed in water, only the wick and the very tip of the paraffin should protrude above the water.
Light the wick.

Explanation of experience

Let them, they will tell you, because in a minute the candle will burn down to the water and go out!

That’s the point,” you will answer, “that the candle is getting shorter every minute.” And if it’s shorter, it means it’s easier. If it’s easier, it means it will float up.

And, true, the candle will float up little by little, and the water-cooled paraffin at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, makes the candle lighter, which is why our candle will burn out to the end.

Experiment No. 3 Candle by bottle

Equipment and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

Place a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand so that your face is 20-30 cm away from the bottle.
Now you just need to blow and the candle will go out, as if there were no barrier between you and the candle.

Figure 3

Explanation of experience

The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the stream of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the candle flame stands.

Experiment No. 4 Spinning snake

Equipment and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and place it on the end of a curved wire.
Hold this spiral above the candle in the rising air flow, the snake will rotate.

Explanation of experience

The snake rotates because air expands under the influence of heat and warm energy is converted into movement.

Figure 4

Experiment No. 5 Eruption of Vesuvius

Equipment and materials: glass vessel, vial, stopper, alcohol ink, water.

Stages of the experiment

Place a bottle of alcohol ink in a wide glass vessel filled with water.
There should be a small hole in the bottle cap.

Figure 5

Explanation of experience

Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the bottle, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise upward from the bubble in a thin stream.

Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one

Equipment and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Place one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and their ends touch the table.
How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and all the other matches along with it?

Explanation of experience

To do this, you just need to put another fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

Figure 6

Experiment No. 7 Pot stand

Equipment and materials: plate, 3 forks, napkin ring, saucepan.

Stages of the experiment

Place three forks in a ring.
Place a plate on this structure.
Place a pan of water on the stand.

Figure 7

Figure 8

Explanation of experience

This experience is explained by the rule of leverage and stable equilibrium.

Figure 9

Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor

Equipment and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need either electricity or gasoline. For this we only need... a candle.

Heat the knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.
Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance.
Light the candle at both ends.

Explanation of experience

A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disrupted, the other end of the candle will tighten and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will go down, drop a drop, it will become lighter, and our motor will start working with all its might; gradually the candle's vibrations will increase more and more.

Figure 10

Experience No. 9 Free exchange of fluids

Equipment and materials: orange, glass, red wine or milk, water, 2 toothpicks.

Stages of the experiment

Carefully cut the orange in half, peel so that the whole skin comes off.
Poke two holes side by side in the bottom of this cup and place it in a glass. The diameter of the cup should be slightly larger than the diameter of the central part of the glass, then the cup will stay on the walls without falling to the bottom.
Lower the orange cup into the vessel to one third of the height.
Pour red wine or colored alcohol into the orange peel. It will pass through the hole until the wine level reaches the bottom of the cup.
Then pour water almost to the edge. You can see how the stream of wine rises through one of the holes to the water level, while the heavier water passes through the other hole and begins to sink to the bottom of the glass. In a few moments the wine will be at the top and the water at the bottom.

Experiment No. 10 Singing glass

Equipment and materials: thin glass, water.

Stages of the experiment

Fill a glass with water and wipe the edges of the glass.
Rub a moistened finger anywhere on the glass and she will start singing.

Figure 11

Demonstration experiments

1. Diffusion of liquids and gases

Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, caused by the chaotic thermal movement of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids

Demonstration experiment “Observation of diffusion”

Equipment and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, installation for diffusion observation.

Stages of the experiment

Let's take two pieces of cotton wool.
We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia.
Let's bring the branches into contact.
The fleeces are observed to turn pink due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

The phenomenon of diffusion can be observed using a special installation

Pour ammonia into one of the flasks.
Moisten a piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein and place it on top of the flask.
After some time, we observe the coloring of the fleece. This experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of diffusion at a distance.

Figure 15

Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion occurs.

Figure 16

To demonstrate this experiment, let’s take two identical glasses. Pour cold water into one glass, hot water into the other. Let's add copper sulfate to the glasses and observe that copper sulfate dissolves faster in hot water, which proves the dependence of diffusion on temperature.

Figure 17

Figure 18

2. Communicating vessels

To demonstrate communicating vessels, let us take a number of vessels of various shapes, connected at the bottom by tubes.

Figure 19

Figure 20

Let us pour liquid into one of them: we will immediately find that the liquid will flow through the tubes into the remaining vessels and settle in all vessels at the same level.

The explanation for this experience is as follows. The pressure on the free surfaces of the liquid in the vessels is the same; it is equal to atmospheric pressure. Thus, all free surfaces belong to the same surface of the level and, therefore, must be in the same horizontal plane and the upper edge of the vessel itself: otherwise the kettle cannot be filled to the top.

Figure 21

3.Pascal's ball

Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of the liquid behind the piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

To demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary to use a piston to draw water into the vessel and place the ball tightly on the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the flow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform flow of liquid in all directions.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Chelyabinsk Region

Plastovsky technological branch

GBPOU SPO "Kopeysk Polytechnic College named after. S.V. Khokhryakova"

MASTER CLASS

"EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIMENTS

FOR CHILDREN"

Educational and research work

"Entertaining physical experiments

from scrap materials"

Head: Yu.V. Timofeeva, physics teacher

Performers: OPI group students - 15

annotation

Physical experiments increase interest in the study of physics, develop thinking, and teach students to apply theoretical knowledge to explain various physical phenomena occurring in the world around them.

Unfortunately, due to the overload of educational material in physics lessons, insufficient attention is paid to entertaining experiments

With the help of experiments, observations and measurements, dependencies between various physical quantities can be studied.

All phenomena observed during entertaining experiments have a scientific explanation; for this purpose, the fundamental laws of physics and the properties of the matter around us were used.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Introduction
	Main content
	Organization of research work
	Methodology for conducting various experiments
	Research results
	Conclusion
	List of used literature
	Applications

INTRODUCTION

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experiments.

(Kant Emmanuel - German philosopher 1724-1804)

Physics is not only scientific books and complex laws, not only huge laboratories. Physics is also about interesting experiments and entertaining experiences. Physics is about magic tricks performed among friends, funny stories and funny homemade toys.

Most importantly, you can use any available material for physical experiments.

Physical experiments can be done with balls, glasses, syringes, pencils, straws, coins, needles, etc.

Experiments increase interest in the study of physics, develop thinking, and teach students to apply theoretical knowledge to explain various physical phenomena occurring in the world around them.

When conducting experiments, you not only have to draw up a plan for its implementation, but also determine ways to obtain certain data, assemble installations yourself, and even design the necessary instruments to reproduce a particular phenomenon.

But, unfortunately, due to the overload of educational material in physics lessons, insufficient attention is paid to entertaining experiments; much attention is paid to theory and problem solving.

Therefore, it was decided to conduct research work on the topic “Entertaining experiments in physics using scrap materials.”

The objectives of the research work are as follows:

Master the methods of physical research, master the skills of correct observation and the technique of physical experiment.

Organization of independent work with various literature and other sources of information, collection, analysis and synthesis of material on the topic of research work.

Teach students to apply scientific knowledge to explain physical phenomena.

To instill in students a love for physics, to increase their concentration on understanding the laws of nature, and not on their mechanical memorization.

When choosing a research topic, we proceeded from the following principles:

Subjectivity - the chosen topic corresponds to our interests.

Objectivity - the topic we have chosen is relevant and important in scientific and practical terms.

Feasibility - the tasks and goals we set in our work are real and feasible.

1. MAIN CONTENTS.

The research work was carried out according to the following scheme:

Formulation of the problem.

Studying information from various sources on this issue.

Selection of research methods and practical mastery of them.

Collecting your own material - collecting available materials, conducting experiments.

Analysis and synthesis.

Formulation of conclusions.

During the research work, the following physical research methods were used:

1. Physical experience

The experiment consisted of the following stages:

Clarification of the experimental conditions.

This stage involves familiarization with the conditions of the experiment, determination of the list of necessary available instruments and materials and safe conditions during the experiment.

Drawing up a sequence of actions.

At this stage, the procedure for conducting the experiment was outlined, and new materials were added if necessary.

Conducting the experiment.

2. Observation

When observing phenomena occurring in experience, we paid special attention to changes in physical characteristics, while we were able to detect regular connections between various physical quantities.

3. Modeling.

Modeling is the basis of any physical research. When conducting experiments, we simulated various situational experiments.

In total, we have modeled, conducted and scientifically explained several interesting physical experiments.

2.Organization of research work:

2.1 Methodology for conducting various experiments:

Experience No. 1 Candle by bottle

Devices and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

Place a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand so that your face is 20-30 cm away from the bottle.

Now you just need to blow and the candle will go out, as if there were no barrier between you and the candle.

Experiment No. 2 Spinning snake

Equipment and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and place it on the end of a curved wire.

Hold this spiral above the candle in the rising air flow, the snake will rotate.

Devices and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Place one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and their ends touch the table.

How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and all the other matches along with it?

Experience No. 4 Paraffin motor

Devices and materials:candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need either electricity or gasoline. For this we only need... a candle.

Heat the knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.

Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance.

Light the candle at both ends.

Experiment No. 5 Thick air

We live thanks to the air we breathe. If you don't think that's magical enough, try this experiment to find out what other magic air can do.

Props

Protective glasses

Pine board 0.3x2.5x60 cm (can be purchased at any lumber store)

Newspaper sheet

Ruler

Preparation

Let's begin the scientific magic!

Wear safety glasses. Announce to the audience: “There are two types of air in the world. One of them is skinny and the other is fat. Now, with the help of fatty air, I will perform magic.”

Place the board on the table so that about 6 inches (15 cm) extends over the edge of the table.

Say: “Thick air, sit on the plank.” Hit the end of the board that protrudes beyond the edge of the table. The plank will jump into the air.

Tell the audience that it must have been thin air that sat on the plank. Place the board on the table again as in step 2.

Place a sheet of newspaper on the board, as shown in the picture, so that the board is in the middle of the sheet. Flatten the newspaper so that there is no air between it and the table.

Say again: “Thick air, sit on the plank.”

Hit the protruding end with the edge of your palm.

Experiment No. 6 Waterproof paper

Props

Paper towel

Cup

A plastic bowl or bucket into which you can pour enough water to completely cover the glass

Preparation

Lay out everything you need on the table

Let's begin the scientific magic!

Announce to the audience: “Using my magical skill, I can make a piece of paper remain dry.”

Wrinkle up a paper towel and place it in the bottom of the glass.

Turn the glass over and make sure the wad of paper remains in place.

Say some magic words over the glass, for example: “magic powers, protect the paper from water.” Then slowly lower the upside down glass into a bowl of water. Try to hold the glass as level as possible until it completely disappears under the water.

Take the glass out of the water and shake off the water. Turn the glass upside down and take out the paper. Let the audience touch it and make sure it remains dry.

Experiment No. 7 Flying ball

Have you ever seen a man rise into the air during a magician's performance? Try a similar experiment.

Please note: This experiment requires a hairdryer and adult assistance.

Props

Hairdryer (to be used only by an adult assistant)

2 thick books or other heavy objects

Ping pong ball

Ruler

Adult assistant

Preparation

Place the hairdryer on the table with the hole facing up where hot air is blowing.

To install it in this position, use books. Make sure that they do not block the hole on the side where air is sucked into the hair dryer.

Plug in the hairdryer.

Let's begin the scientific magic!

Ask one of the adult spectators to become your assistant.

Announce to the audience: “Now I will make an ordinary ping-pong ball fly through the air.”

Take the ball in your hand and release it so that it falls on the table. Tell the audience: “Oh! I forgot to say the magic words!”

Say magic words over the ball. Have your assistant turn on the hair dryer at full power.

Carefully place the ball over the hair dryer in the air stream, approximately 45 cm from the blowing hole.

Tips for a learned wizard

Depending on the blowing force, you may have to place the balloon a little higher or lower than indicated.

What else can you do

Try to do the same with a ball of different sizes and weights. Will the experience be equally good?

2. 2 RESEARCH RESULTS:

1) Experience No. 1 Candle by bottle

Explanation:

The candle will float up little by little, and the water-cooled paraffin at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, makes the candle lighter, which is why our candle will burn out to the end.

2) Experiment No. 2 Spinning snake

Explanation:

The snake rotates because air expands under the influence of heat and warm energy is converted into movement.

3) Experiment No. 3 Fifteen matches on one

Explanation:

In order to lift all the matches, you only need to put another fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

4) Experiment No. 4 Paraffin motor

Explanation:

5) Experience No. 5 thick air

When you hit the board for the first time, it bounces. But if you hit the board on which the newspaper is lying, the board breaks.

Explanation:

When you smooth out the newspaper, you remove almost all the air from underneath it. At the same time, a large amount of air on top of the newspaper presses on it with great force. When you hit the board, it breaks because the air pressure on the newspaper prevents the board from rising up in response to the force you apply.

6) Experience No. 6 Waterproof paper

Explanation:

Air occupies a certain volume. There is air in the glass, no matter what position it is in. When you turn the glass upside down and slowly lower it into the water, air remains in the glass. Water cannot get into the glass due to air. The air pressure turns out to be greater than the pressure of the water trying to penetrate inside the glass. The towel at the bottom of the glass remains dry. If a glass is turned on its side under water, air will come out in the form of bubbles. Then he can get into the glass.

8) Experiment No. 7 Flying ball

Explanation:

This trick doesn't actually defy gravity. It demonstrates an important ability of air called Bernoulli's principle. Bernoulli's principle is a law of nature, according to which any pressure of any fluid substance, including air, decreases with increasing speed of its movement. In other words, when the air flow rate is low, it has high pressure.

The air coming out of the hair dryer moves very quickly and therefore its pressure is low. The ball is surrounded on all sides by an area of low pressure, which forms a cone at the hole of the hair dryer. The air around this cone has a higher pressure, and prevents the ball from falling out of the low pressure zone. The force of gravity pulls it down, and the force of air pulls it up. Thanks to the combined action of these forces, the ball hangs in the air above the hair dryer.

CONCLUSION

Analyzing the results of entertaining experiments, we were convinced that the knowledge acquired in physics classes is quite applicable to solving practical issues.

Using experiments, observations and measurements, the relationships between various physical quantities were studied.

All phenomena observed during entertaining experiments have a scientific explanation; for this we used the fundamental laws of physics and the properties of the matter around us.

Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics and other technical disciplines involves the widespread use of experiments, discussion of the features of its setting and the observed results.

In accordance with the task, all experiments were carried out using only cheap, small-sized available materials.

Based on the results of educational and research work, the following conclusions can be drawn:

In various sources of information you can find and come up with many interesting physical experiments performed using available equipment.

Entertaining experiments and homemade physics devices increase the range of demonstrations of physical phenomena.

Entertaining experiments allow you to test the laws of physics and theoretical hypotheses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

M. Di Spezio “Entertaining experiences”, Astrel LLC, 2004.

F.V. Rabiz “Funny Physics”, Moscow, 2000.

L. Galpershtein “Hello, physics”, Moscow, 1967.

A. Tomilin “I want to know everything”, Moscow, 1981.

M.I. Bludov “Conversations on Physics”, Moscow, 1974.

ME AND. Perelman “Entertaining tasks and experiments”, Moscow, 1972.

APPLICATIONS

Disk:

1. Presentation “Entertaining physical experiments using scrap materials”

2. Video “Entertaining physical experiments using scrap materials”

Good afternoon, guests of the Eureka Research Institute website! Do you agree that knowledge supported by practice is much more effective than theory? Entertaining experiments in physics will not only provide great entertainment, but will also arouse a child’s interest in science, and will also remain in memory much longer than a paragraph in a textbook.

What can experiments teach children?

We bring to your attention 7 experiments with explanations that will definitely raise the question in your child “Why?” As a result, the child learns that:

By mixing 3 primary colors: red, yellow and blue, you can get additional ones: green, orange and purple. Have you thought about paints? We offer you another, unusual way to verify this.
Light reflects off a white surface and turns into heat if it hits a black object. What could this lead to? Let's figure it out.
All objects are subject to gravity, that is, they tend to a state of rest. In practice it looks fantastic.
Objects have a center of mass. And what? Let's learn to benefit from this.
Magnet is an invisible but powerful force of some metals that can give you the abilities of a magician.
Static electricity can not only attract your hair, but also sort out small particles.

So let's make our kids proficient!

1. Create a new color

This experiment will be useful for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren. To conduct the experiment we will need:

flashlight;
red, blue and yellow cellophane;
ribbon;
white wall.

We conduct the experiment near a white wall:

We take a lantern, cover it first with red and then yellow cellophane, and then turn on the light. We look at the wall and see an orange reflection.
Now we remove the yellow cellophane and put a blue bag on top of the red one. Our wall is illuminated in purple.
And if we cover the lantern with blue and then yellow cellophane, then we will see a green spot on the wall.
This experiment can be continued with other colors.

2. Black and sunbeam: an explosive combination

To carry out the experiment you will need:

1 transparent and 1 black balloon;
magnifying glass;
Sun Ray.

This experience will require skill, but you can do it.

First you need to inflate a transparent balloon. Hold it tightly, but do not tie the end.
Now, using the blunt end of a pencil, push the black balloon halfway inside the transparent one.
Inflate the black balloon inside the clear one until it fills about half the volume.
Tie the end of the black ball and push it into the middle of the clear ball.
Inflate the transparent balloon a little more and tie the end.
Position the magnifying glass so that the sun's ray hits the black ball.
After a few minutes, the black ball will burst inside the transparent one.

Tell your child that transparent materials allow sunlight to pass through, so we can see the street through the window. A black surface, on the contrary, absorbs light rays and turns them into heat. This is why it is recommended to wear light-colored clothing in hot weather to avoid overheating. When the black ball heated up, it began to lose its elasticity and burst under the pressure of the internal air.

3. Lazy ball

The next experiment is a real show, but you will need to practice to carry it out. The school provides an explanation for this phenomenon in the 7th grade, but in practice this can be done even in preschool age. Prepare the following items:

plastic cup;
metal dish;
cardboard toilet paper tube;
tennis ball;
meter;
broom.

How to conduct this experiment?

So, place the glass on the edge of the table.
Place a dish on the glass so that its edge on one side is above the floor.
Place the base of the toilet paper roll in the center of the dish directly above the glass.
Place the ball on top.
Stand half a meter from the structure with a broom in your hand so that its rods are bent towards your feet. Stand on top of them.
Now pull back the broom and release it sharply.
The handle will hit the dish, and it, together with the cardboard sleeve, will fly to the side, and the ball will fall into the glass.

Why didn't it fly away with the rest of the items?

Because, according to the law of inertia, an object that is not acted upon by other forces tends to remain at rest. In our case, the ball was only affected by the force of gravity towards the Earth, so it fell down.

4. Raw or cooked?

Let's introduce the child to the center of mass. To do this, let's take:

· cooled hard-boiled egg;

· 2 raw eggs;

Invite a group of children to distinguish a boiled egg from a raw one. However, you cannot break eggs. Say that you can do it without fail.

Roll both eggs on the table.
An egg that rotates faster and at a uniform speed is a boiled one.
To prove your point, crack another egg into a bowl.
Take a second raw egg and a paper napkin.
Ask a member of the audience to make the egg stand on the blunt end. No one can do this except you, since only you know the secret.
Just vigorously shake the egg up and down for half a minute, then easily place it on a napkin.

Why do eggs behave differently?

They, like any other object, have a center of mass. That is, different parts of an object may not weigh the same, but there is a point that divides its mass into equal parts. In a boiled egg, due to its more uniform density, the center of mass remains in the same place during rotation, but in a raw egg it moves along with the yolk, which makes its movement difficult. In a raw egg that has been shaken, the yolk drops to the blunt end and the center of mass is there, so it can be placed.

5. “Golden” mean

Invite the children to find the middle of the stick without a ruler, but just by eye. Evaluate the result using a ruler and say that it is not entirely correct. Now do it yourself. A mop handle is best.

Raise the stick to waist level.
Place it on 2 index fingers, keeping them at a distance of 60 cm.
Move your fingers closer together and make sure the stick doesn't lose its balance.
When your fingers come together and the stick is parallel to the floor, you have reached your goal.
Place the stick on the table, keeping your finger on the desired mark. Use a ruler to make sure you have completed the task accurately.

Tell your child that you found not just the middle of the stick, but its center of mass. If the object is symmetrical, then it will coincide with its middle.

6. Zero gravity in a jar

Let's make the needles hang in the air. To do this, let's take:

2 threads of 30 cm;
2 needles;
transparent tape;
liter jar and lid;
ruler;
small magnet.

How to conduct the experiment?

Thread the needles and tie the ends with two knots.
Tape the knots to the bottom of the jar, leaving about 1 inch (2.5 cm) to the edge.
From the inside of the lid, glue the tape in the form of a loop, with the sticky side facing out.
Place the lid on the table and glue a magnet to the hinge. Turn the jar over and screw on the lid. The needles will hang down and be drawn towards the magnet.
When you turn the jar upside down, the needles will still be drawn to the magnet. You may need to lengthen the threads if the magnet does not hold the needles upright.
Now unscrew the lid and place it on the table. You are ready to perform the experiment in front of an audience. As soon as you screw on the lid, the needles from the bottom of the jar will shoot up.

Tell your child that a magnet attracts iron, cobalt and nickel, so iron needles are susceptible to its influence.

7. “+” and “-”: beneficial attraction

Your child has probably noticed how hair is magnetic to certain fabrics or combs. And you told him that static electricity is to blame. Let's do an experiment from the same series and show what else the “friendship” of negative and positive charges can lead to. We will need:

paper towel;
1 tsp. salt and 1 tsp. pepper;
spoon;
balloon;
woolen item.

Experiment stages:

Place a paper towel on the floor and sprinkle the salt and pepper mixture on it.
Ask your child: how to separate salt from pepper now?
Rub the inflated balloon on a woolen item.
Season it with salt and pepper.
The salt will remain in place, and the pepper will be magnetized to the ball.

After rubbing against the wool, the ball acquires a negative charge, which attracts positive ions from the pepper. The salt's electrons are not so mobile, so they do not react to the approach of the ball.

Experiences at home are valuable life experiences

Admit it, you yourself were interested in watching what was happening, and even more so for the child. By performing amazing tricks with the simplest substances, you will teach your child:

trust you;
see the amazing in everyday life;
It’s exciting to learn the laws of the world around you;
develop diversified;
learn with interest and desire.

We remind you once again that developing a child is simple and you don’t need a lot of money and time. See you soon!

From the book "My First Experiences."

Lung capacity

For the experience you need:

adult assistant;
large plastic bottle;
washing basin;
water;
plastic hose;
beaker.

1. How much air can your lungs hold? To find out, you'll need the help of an adult. Fill the bowl and bottle with water. Have an adult hold the bottle upside down under water.

2. Insert a plastic hose into the bottle.

3. Take a deep breath and blow into the hose as hard as you can. Air bubbles will appear in the bottle rising up. Clamp the hose as soon as the air in your lungs runs out.

4. Pull out the hose and ask your assistant, covering the neck of the bottle with his palm, to turn it over to the correct position. To find out how much gas you exhaled, add water to the bottle using a measuring cup. See how much water you need to add.

Make it rain

For the experience you need:

adult assistant;
fridge;
Electric kettle;
water;
metal spoon;
saucer;
potholder for hot dishes.

1. Place the metal spoon in the refrigerator for half an hour.

2. Ask an adult to help you do the experiment from beginning to end.

3. Boil a full kettle of water. Place a saucer under the spout of the teapot.

4. Using an oven mitt, carefully move the spoon toward the steam rising from the spout of the kettle. When the steam hits a cold spoon, it condenses and “rains” onto the saucer.

Make a hygrometer

For the experience you need:

2 identical thermometers;
cotton wool;
rubber bands;
empty yogurt cup;
water;
large cardboard box without lid;
spoke.

1. Using a knitting needle, poke two holes in the wall of the box at a distance of 10 cm from each other.

2. Wrap two thermometers with the same amount of cotton wool and secure with rubber bands.

3. Tie an elastic band on top of each thermometer and thread the elastic bands into the holes at the top of the box. Insert a knitting needle into the rubber loops as shown in the figure so that the thermometers hang freely.

4. Place a glass of water under one thermometer so that the water wets the cotton wool (but not the thermometer).

5. Compare thermometer readings at different times of the day. The greater the temperature difference, the lower the air humidity.

Call the cloud

For the experience you need:

transparent glass bottle;
hot water;
ice Cube;
dark blue or black paper.

1. Carefully fill the bottle with hot water.

2. After 3 minutes, pour out the water, leaving a little at the very bottom.

3. Place an ice cube on top of the neck of the open bottle.

4. Place a sheet of dark paper behind the bottle. Where the hot air rising from the bottom comes into contact with the cooled air at the neck, a white cloud forms. Water vapor in the air condenses, forming a cloud of tiny water droplets.

Under pressure

For the experience you need:

transparent plastic bottle;
large bowl or deep tray;
water;
coins;
strip of paper;
pencil;
ruler;
adhesive tape.

1. Fill the bowl and bottle halfway with water.

2. Draw a scale on a strip of paper and stick it to the bottle with adhesive tape.

3. Place two or three small stacks of coins in the bottom of the bowl, large enough to fit the neck of the bottle. Thanks to this, the neck of the bottle will not rest against the bottom, and water will be able to freely flow out of the bottle and flow into it.

4. Plug the neck of the bottle with your thumb and carefully place the bottle upside down on the coins.

Your water barometer will allow you to monitor changes in atmospheric pressure. As the pressure increases, the water level in the bottle will rise. When the pressure drops, the water level will drop.

Make an air barometer

For the experience you need:

wide mouth jar;
balloon;
scissors;
rubber band;
drinking straw;
cardboard;
pen;
ruler;
adhesive tape.

1. Cut the balloon and pull it tightly onto the jar. Secure with an elastic band.

2. Sharpen the end of the straw. Glue the other end to the stretched ball with adhesive tape.

3. Draw a scale on a cardboard card and place the cardboard at the end of the arrow. When atmospheric pressure increases, the air in the jar is compressed. When it falls, the air expands. Accordingly, the arrow will move along the scale.

If the pressure rises, the weather will be fine. If it falls, it's bad.

What gases does air consist of?

For the experience you need:

adult assistant;
glass jar;
candle;
water;
coins;
large glass bowl.

1. Have an adult light a candle and add paraffin to the bottom of the bowl to secure the candle.

2. Carefully fill the bowl with water.

3. Cover the candle with a jar. Place stacks of coins under the jar so that its edges are only slightly below the water level.

4. When all the oxygen in the jar has burned out, the candle will go out. The water will rise, occupying the volume where oxygen used to be. So you can see that there is about 1/5 (20%) oxygen in the air.

Make a battery

For the experience you need:

a durable paper towel;
food foil;
scissors;
copper coins;
salt;
water;
two insulated copper wires;
small light bulb.

1. Dissolve a little salt in water.

2. Cut the paper towel and foil into squares slightly larger than coins.

3. Wet the paper squares in salt water.

4. Place a stack on top of each other: a copper coin, a piece of foil, a piece of paper, another coin, and so on several times. There should be paper on top of the stack and a coin on the bottom.

5. Slide the stripped end of one wire under the stack, and connect the other end to the light bulb. Place one end of the second wire on top of the stack, and also connect the other to the light bulb. What happened?

solar fan

For the experience you need:

food foil;
black paint or marker;
scissors;
adhesive tape;
threads;
large clean glass jar with lid.

1. Cut two strips of foil, each approximately 2.5 x 10 cm in size. Color one side with a black marker or paint. Make slits in the strips and insert them one into the other, bending the ends, as shown in the figure.

2. Using thread and duct tape, attach the solar panels to the lid of the jar. Place the jar in a sunny place. The black side of the strips heats up more than the shiny side. Due to the temperature difference, there will be a difference in air pressure and the fan will begin to rotate.

What color is the sky?

For the experience you need:

glass beaker;
water;
tea spoon;
flour;
white paper or cardboard;
flashlight.

1. Stir half a teaspoon of flour in a glass of water.

2. Place the glass on white paper and shine a flashlight on it from above. The water appears light blue or gray.

3. Now place the paper behind the glass and shine the light on it from the side. The water appears pale orange or yellowish.

The smallest particles in the air, like flour in water, change the color of light rays. When the light comes from the side (or when the sun is low on the horizon), the blue color is scattered and the eye sees an excess of orange rays.

Make a mini microscope

For the experience you need:

small mirror;
plasticine;
glass beaker;
aluminium foil;
needle;
adhesive tape;
drop of oxen;
small flower

1. A microscope uses a glass lens to refract a ray of light. A drop of water can fulfill this role. Place the mirror at an angle on a piece of plasticine and cover it with a glass.

2. Fold the aluminum foil like an accordion to create a multi-layered strip. Carefully make a small hole in the center with a needle.

3. Bend the foil over the glass as shown in the picture. Secure the edges with adhesive tape. Using the tip of your finger or needle, drop water onto the hole.

4. Place a small flower or other small object on the bottom of the glass under the water lens. A homemade microscope can magnify it almost 50 times.

Call the lightning

For experience you need:

metal baking tray;
plasticine;
plastic bag;
metal fork.

1. Press a large piece of plasticine onto a baking sheet to form a handle. Now don't touch the pan itself - just the handle.

2. Holding the baking sheet by the plasticine handle, rub it in a circular motion against the bag. At the same time, a static electric charge accumulates on the baking sheet. The baking sheet should not extend beyond the edges of the bag.

3. Lift the baking sheet slightly above the bag (still holding onto the plasticine handle) and bring the tines of a fork to one corner. A spark will jump from the baking sheet to the fork. This is how lightning jumps from a cloud to a lightning rod.

Many people think that science is boring and dreary. This is the opinion of those who have not seen the science shows from Eureka. What happens in our “lessons”? No cramming, tedious formulas and sour expression on the face of your desk neighbor. Our science, all experiments and experiences are liked by children, our science is loved, our science gives joy and stimulates further knowledge of complex subjects.

Try it yourself and conduct entertaining physics experiments for children at home. It will be fun, and most importantly, very educational. Your child will get acquainted with the laws of physics in a playful way, and it has been proven that when playing, children learn the material faster and easier and remember it for a long time.

Entertaining physics experiments worth showing your children at home

Simple, entertaining physics experiments that children will remember for a lifetime. Everything you need to conduct these experiments is at your fingertips. So, forward to scientific discoveries!

A ball that doesn't burn!

Props: 2 balloons, candle, matches, water.

Interesting experience: We inflate the first balloon and hold it over a candle to demonstrate to the children that the fire will burst the balloon.

Pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it and bring the candles to the fire again. And lo and behold! What do we see? The ball doesn't burst!

The water in the ball absorbs the heat generated by the candle, and therefore the ball does not burn, and therefore does not burst.

Miracle pencils

Requisites: plastic bag, regular sharpened pencils, water.

Interesting experience: Pour water into a plastic bag - not full, half.

In the place where the bag is filled with water, we pierce the bag right through with pencils. What do we see? In places of puncture, the bag does not leak. Why? But if you do the opposite: first pierce the bag and then pour water into it, the water will flow through the holes.

How a “miracle” happens: explanation: When polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our experiment, the polyethylene tightens around the pencils and prevents water from leaking.

Unbreakable balloon

Requisites: balloon, wooden skewer and dishwashing liquid.

Interesting experience: Lubricate the top and bottom of the ball with dishwashing liquid and pierce it with a skewer, starting from the bottom.

How a “miracle” happens: explanation: And the secret of this “trick” is simple. To preserve the whole ball, you need to know where to pierce - at the points of least tension, which are located at the bottom and top of the ball.

"Cauliflower

Requisites: 4 ordinary glasses of water, bright food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

Interesting experience: Add food coloring of any color to each glass and place one cabbage leaf or flower in the colored water. We leave the “bouquet” overnight. And in the morning... we will see that the cabbage leaves or flowers have become different colors.

How a “miracle” happens: explanation: Plants absorb water to nourish their flowers and leaves. This occurs due to the capillary effect, in which water itself fills thin tubes inside the plants. By sucking up the tinted water, the leaves and color change.

The egg that could swim

Requisites: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.

Interesting experience: Carefully place the egg in a glass of plain clean water. We see: it has drowned, sank to the bottom (if not, the egg is rotten and it is better to throw it away).
But pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. We wait until the water cools down, then lower the second egg into salt water. And what do we see now? The egg floats on the surface and does not sink! Why?

How a “miracle” happens: explanation: It's all about density! The average density of an egg is much greater than the density of plain water, so the egg “sinks.” And the density of the salt solution is greater, and therefore the egg “floats”.

Delicious experiment: crystal candies

Requisites: 2 cups of water, 5 cups of sugar, wooden sticks for mini kebabs, thick paper, transparent glasses, saucepan, food coloring.

Interesting experience: Take a quarter glass of water, add 2 tablespoons of sugar, and cook the syrup. At the same time, pour a little sugar onto thick paper. Then dip a wooden skewer into the syrup and collect the sugar with it.

Let the sticks dry overnight.

In the morning, dissolve 5 cups of sugar in two glasses of water, leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but not too much, otherwise the crystals will not “grow.” Then pour the syrup into jars and add multi-colored food coloring. We lower the skewers with sugar into the jars so that they do not touch either the walls or the bottom (you can use a clothespin). What's next? And then we watch the process of crystal growth, wait for the result so that... we can eat it!

How the “miracle” happens: explanation: As soon as the water begins to cool, the solubility of sugar decreases and it precipitates, settling on the walls of the vessel and on a skewer seeded with sugar grains.

"Eureka"! Science without boredom!

There is another option to motivate children to study science - order a science show at the Eureka development center. Oh, what is there!

Show program “Fun Kitchen”

Here, children can enjoy exciting experiments with things and products that are available in any kitchen. The kids will try to drown the mandarin duck; make drawings on milk, check the egg for freshness, and also find out why milk is healthy.

"Tricks"

This program contains experiments that at first glance seem like real magic tricks, but in fact they are all explained using science. The kids will find out why a balloon over a candle doesn’t burst; what makes an egg float, why a balloon sticks to the wall... and other interesting experiments.

"Entertaining physics"

Does air weigh, why does a fur coat keep you warm, what is common between an experiment with a candle and the shape of the wings of birds and airplanes, can a piece of fabric hold water, can an eggshell withstand a whole elephant? Kids will get answers to these and other questions by becoming a participant in the show “ Entertaining physics" from "Eureka".

These Entertaining experiments in physics for schoolchildren can be carried out in the classroom to attract students' attention to the phenomenon being studied, while repeating and consolidating educational material: they deepen and expand the knowledge of schoolchildren, contribute to the development of logical thinking, and instill interest in the subject.

This is important: science show safety

The bulk of the props and consumables are purchased directly from specialized stores of manufacturing companies in the USA, and therefore you can be confident in their quality and safety;
Child Development Center "Eureka" non-scientific shows of toxic or other materials harmful to children's health, easily breakable objects, lighters and other "harmful and dangerous";
Before ordering scientific shows, each client can find out a detailed description of the experiments being carried out, and, if necessary, explanatory explanations;
Before the start of the scientific show, children receive instructions on the rules of behavior at the Show, and professional Presenters ensure that these rules are not violated during the show.