Issue of the newspaper Segodnya No. 261 (1013) for November 19, 2001

HOW A LIEUTENANT COLONEL WAS MADE A TRAITOR IN AFGHANISTAN

Not only those who fought in this country fell under the cruel millstones of Afghanistan. Their parents, spouses, children often became victims of war... Taisiya Zayets from Vladimir-Volynsky felt for herself what it meant to be the wife of someone who was considered a traitor.

Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Zaets wrote letters home from Afghanistan short but often. Relatives were happy about a few lines - that meant he was alive. And suddenly it was cut off. A week, a month, two - not a single news from him or about him.

“It was hard to go through,” Taisiya Ivanovna said barely audibly. While talking to us at the table, she kept fiddling with the tip of the tablecloth in her fingers.

And how many tears there were in those years, how many moments there were when with the last of my strength I had to restrain myself so as not to break down - only she knows. Wherever she turned - from the regional military registration and enlistment office to the Ministry of Defense - they never explained what happened. He went missing and that's it! Under what circumstances - not a word.

And then rumors began to spread. One day, a little daughter came running from the street, all in tears: “Mom, they said that our father...” - “No, daughter, no...” - the mother could barely hold back her tears. No one officially informed Taisiya Zayets that her husband was a traitor. But she heard it in the back more than once.

"NO MONEY FOR THE WIVES OF TRAITORS TO THE HOMELAND"

Georgy Naida, who served with Nikolai Zayets, wrote down his memories: “Nikolai told me that he was accused of shooting two Khadovites (employees of the intelligence service of the Afghan army. - Auto.), with whom he went to the mountains to collect and clarify intelligence data. I was instructed to investigate and prepare a response to a letter from his wife, who addressed the command with a request to explain why she had not received letters from her husband for almost a year. She also asked to petition the command of the city garrison to improve living conditions. When I was reading Taisiya Ivanovna’s letter, a colonel from the General Staff came into the office, took this letter from me and wrote in the corner: “To the wives of traitors to the Motherland - no money and no improvement in living conditions!”

Afterwards he gave the letter to the secret department. I was shocked. At the same time, two division management officers were present, who said indignantly: how is this possible, because Lieutenant Colonel Zaets has not been convicted, his guilt has not been proven and he has not been excluded from the lists of division management personnel! But with the stroke of a pen the fate of the officer and his family was decided. In those days Nikolai was very depressed. Someone must have told him about this “resolution.” If I knew what would happen in a few days..."

Most of all I was worried about the children - how they would perceive it,” sighs Taisiya Ivanovna. - It was easier for my son - he is the eldest and understood everything. “Son,” I told him, if someone says bad words about our dad...” “Don’t worry, mom,” he interrupted me, “I know what kind of father we have. They say!"

BRING BACK THE HONEST NAME!

In 1987, Taisiya Ivanovna and Nikolai Leonidovich’s mother (he was the only child in the family) went to Moscow for the first congress of relatives of those who went missing in Afghanistan. We went with great hope to learn something new about Nikolai.

The first official document provided to Taisiya Zayets was a certificate signed on May 6, 1989 by the Chief of Staff of the Kyiv Military District, Lieutenant General Dubinin. It read: “During the combat operation... the head of military intelligence, Nikolai Leonidovich Zayets... received the task of implementing intelligence data. He was accompanied by Afghan investigators, whom Lieutenant Colonel Zayets suspected of treason and personally shot, and therefore the military The prosecutor's office opened a criminal case. Fearing liability, Zayets took possession of the BRDM-2 (combat reconnaissance landing vehicle) on March 15, 1984. -- Auto.) and left in an unknown direction. Between March 15 and May 5, 1984, a search was carried out for him. It was established that Lieutenant Colonel Zaets, 50 km north of Kunduz, fought with the rebels and was captured by Rahim Mulla’s gang. The gang leaders captured during the fighting testified that the Soviet officer captured by the above-mentioned gang was executed on the third day after capture.”

Georgy Naida spent a long time looking for a meeting with Taisiya Ivanovna in order to say one thing: “Your husband was the way you know him. And don’t believe the rumors.” The meeting took place. Taisiya Ivanovna brought her children with her. They heard what they needed to hear. And several years ago, the Union of Afghan Veterans received intelligence that confirmed: Lieutenant Colonel Zayets did not agree to cooperate with the Mujahideen, and they killed him. These data only confirmed the previous ones, which for some reason the military elite did not take into account and hastened to label Nikolai Zayets as a traitor.

INSTEAD OF AN AFTERWORD

Nikolai Zaets has been missing for 17 years now. His body was not found, there is no grave. This means that there is still hope.

When a stele with the names of those who died in Afghanistan was unveiled in Kyiv, Nikolai’s mother and I were invited there,” says Taisiya Ivanovna. “My husband’s name should have been on the stele.” I was against this. And I was glad when I didn’t see the name Zaets there. Or maybe?..

HELP "TODAY"

150 thousand people drafted from Ukraine took part in the war in Afghanistan. Of these, 3,280 died, 3,660 returned disabled, 80 went missing. 2,330 people were called up from Volyn, 67 died. Three are considered missing. Among them is Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Zaets.

The list of Soviet military personnel missing in action now includes 264 people. One of them is a native of the Odessa region. Journalists managed to shed light on the circumstances of the soldier’s disappearance.

Denis Kornyshev and Oleg Konstantinov write about this in Dumskaya.

When we first started developing this topic, we planned to time the publication of the article to coincide with the next “Afghan” date - say, the anniversary of the withdrawal of troops from the mountainous republic. It seemed to us that a story about a rarely remembered category of victims of that war - prisoners of war - would not be at all out of place. After all, sometimes their stories are an example of real courage. Take, for example, the famous uprising of Soviet prisoners in the Badaber camp, which ended with the destruction of the Pakistani base. What if, we thought, looking for the guy’s colleagues, fellow villagers and relatives, sending out requests for information, it would suddenly turn out that he was not just “missing”, but a forgotten hero, whom God himself ordered to tell the public about.

Alas, when the editors received more information about our fellow countryman, it became clear that the material would not turn out to be “heroic” for a number of reasons, which are discussed below. For the same reasons, we decided to change the first and last name of the person involved, and also not to indicate the locality from which he was drafted and where his relatives still live. “Dumskaya” could not refuse the publication completely - after all, the facts we obtained cover one of the many blind spots in the history of the local conflict in the DRA. In addition, there is every reason to believe that Alexander N. (as we will call the serviceman) is still alive, although he is unlikely to be eager to return to his homeland... But first things first.

“RED TULIPS”, HARE HUNT AND LIST-92

The fact that our prisoners of war remained in Afghanistan became known to the general Soviet public only a year after the withdrawal of the “limited contingent”. Before this, the topic of “missing people” was modestly ignored, statistics were not made public, and only combatants and relatives of the “missing” knew that such a category of losses existed at all.

The information vacuum began to be filled in 1990. The first to shoot was the departmental “Red Star”, which, without naming names, spoke about the uprising in Badaber. At the same time, the press began to publish terrible evidence about the fate of those captured. The fragile psyche of Soviet citizens was traumatized by stories about how the unfortunate had their arms and legs cut off, their tongues cut out, their eyes gouged out, or they were made into “red tulips” - they cut the skin on the stomach, pulled it up and tied it over their head, after which the person died in terrible agony .

Igor Rykov and Oleg Khlan in a prisoner of war camp, 1983. Soldier Of Fortune Magazine

A little later, information appeared that some soldiers and officers ended up in the hands of the Mujahideen of their own free will. Some fled out of political convictions, some from hazing, and some from criminal prosecution when facts of theft and other illegal actions were revealed.

The highest-ranking fugitive is the intelligence chief of the 122nd regiment of the 201st motorized rifle division, Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Zayats. During one of the operations, he shot two members of the Afghan security service KHAD. The officer was removed from duty, an investigation began, but he stole a BRDM and drove it to the enemy’s location. Then it became known that the intelligence officer was killed by the Mujahideen. According to one version - for refusal to cooperate. However, in his memoirs, the former intelligence chief of the 201st division, and now a professor at the intelligence department of the National Defense University of Ukraine, Nikolai Kuzmin, claims that Zayats not only collaborated - he directed some of the enemy’s operations. And they “slapped” him when Soviet troops blocked the zone where the traitor was located.

“They tried to take the hare to the mountains several times, but it didn’t work,” writes Kuzmin. - It became clear that its capture by ours was a matter of time. The council of leaders decided that since it was impossible to get him out, and he had been with them for almost 1.5 months, had seen many of the leaders, their bases and caches, then it was advisable to eliminate him as an unwanted witness. Which was done immediately. He was taken to the river bank. Kunduz, shot, the body was stripped naked and thrown into the river. Now, after 1-2 days, it would no longer be possible to identify him: the heat, fish and crayfish will do their job. And there were plenty of ownerless corpses in the rivers of Afghanistan in those years. This is how Lieutenant Colonel Zayats disappeared and died.”

Be that as it may, neither Hare nor other deserters can be called criminals, since in 1988 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, “guided by the principles of humanism,” issued an unprecedented decree that exempted from criminal liability all persons who committed crimes during military service. services in Afghanistan. Regardless of the nature of these crimes! This amnesty is comparable only to the mass release of prisoners by Kerensky and Beria.

In February 1992, the same “Red Star” finally published the full list of missing people. By that time, public and government structures were already working hard to return the prisoners. Many - like, for example, the future vice-president of Russia and leader of the anti-Yeltsin opposition, General Rutskoi - were ransomed, while some were handed over to the militants for free. To coordinate this activity, the Committee for the Affairs of Internationalist Soldiers was formed in the CIS (unofficial name - Committee-92). Over the first ten years of work, employees of this organization found 29 former military personnel, 22 of whom returned to their homeland, and seven remained to live in Afghanistan.

Last, but hopefully not the last, in March of this year we managed to find a private of the 101st motorized rifle regiment, Uzbek Bakhretdin Khakimov, who went missing in the province of Herat in September 1980. In a battle with the dushmans, he was seriously wounded and was unable to withdraw with his unit. Local residents picked him up and took him in. The former soldier remained to live in Afghanistan. Gradually, he learned the secrets of herbal medicine from the elder and himself became a respected physician under the name Sheikh Abdullah. I didn’t want to go back...

MISSING ON NEW YEAR'S NIGHT

But let's return to our fellow countryman. Junior Sergeant Alexander Mikhailovich N. was born in 1964 in a small village on the border of Odessa and Nikolaev regions. Graduated from a local school. The guy was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army on March 27, 1982. In August of the same year, he ended up in the artillery division of the 122nd motorized rifle regiment of the 201st Gatchina division, which was stationed in the province of Kunduz.

Alexander N. Photo from the conscript’s personal file, website salambacha.com

According to official data, from December 31, 1983 to January 2, 1984, serviceman N. went missing. For 30 years now there has been no word about him. His old mother and sister are still waiting for him.

“Immediately after school I joined the army. I wanted to serve myself. No one was forced there at that time. Sasha was one of three who were called up from the entire region to Afghanistan. A good, strong and kind person. Mom dreams of him every night and says that he will return soon,” says sister N. Valentina Mikhailovna.

When the family learned about the disappearance of the soldier, the mother traveled to Kyiv and Moscow, wrote numerous letters to all authorities, but the answer was the same: “There is no information about your son.” And only in 1992 did they find out that Sasha was alive, but in captivity. Neither they nor local authorities were given details. To this day, every February 15 - the day of the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan - junior sergeant N. is mentioned at official events in the region as a hero.

Unfortunately, he was not a hero, as evidenced by both the criminal case closed after the announcement of the “Afghan” amnesty and the testimony of his colleagues.

“Sergeant N. is a traitor who left the Ak-Mazar garrison (until the end of 1985, there was a control platoon and three guns of the second fire platoon of the 3rd howitzer battery of the regiment’s artillery division - Ed.) My platoon stood three kilometers from them. I remember very well how the search for him went, what intelligence information came in and how negotiations were conducted with the spirits about his extradition, although unsuccessfully,” says former platoon commander Sergei Polushkin.

According to him, junior sergeant N. was the commander of the gun crew. His unit guarded the Termez-Kabul highway in the area of ​​the city of Aibak, Samangan province (and not in Kunduz, as indicated in the Red Star list).

“Artillerymen, unlike motorized riflemen, were involved in operations only when it was necessary to shell the territory within the radius of destruction of howitzers - about 15 kilometers. The rest of the time, the artillery battalion’s fighters sat on the high-rise without moving out and had no contact with other units. No one knew what was happening there,” recalls the commander of the 3rd battalion of the regiment, Mikhail Teteryatnikov.

“He left on New Year’s Eve and was declared missing on January 2. I talked to a soldier who saw the guy just a few minutes before his escape. Alexander was absolutely calm. He took with him a machine gun and six magazines, two of which he put in his boots. Why he ran away is unclear. Anything could have happened - from hazing to ideological convictions. But it was a shock to everyone when he left. The Uzbeks and Tajiks were leaving, and here was a Slav! I can say one thing: he did this intelligently, because after that he fought against us,” says Sergei Polushkin.

Artillerymen of the 122nd MRR, photo from 1985

Alexander N. defected to a gang of Mujahideen that acted against the regiment.

“After his desertion, the enemy group sharply became more active, they began to behave quite daringly - the traitor knew our tactics and could predict our moves. He spoiled a lot of blood for us. Whether he personally killed Soviet soldiers or not, I don’t know. We need to ask him if this creature is alive,” Polushkin does not hold back his emotions.

Other veterans of the 122nd regiment say that N. worked for the Mujahideen for quite a long time. He taught them to lay mines, attack transport convoys and other military wisdom. He took an active part in military clashes. Sometimes he would break into the air using a walkie-talkie and mockingly invite his former comrades to surrender.

Viktor Rodnov, who served in the communications company of the 122nd Motorized Rifle Regiment, says that immediately after the sergeant disappeared, the entire regiment was sent out to search for him:

“I don’t know of a single case when we abandoned our own. Even corpses were taken out of gorges and prisoners were sometimes ransomed. But only those who want to be free can be freed. N. himself came into radio contact with us during the battle on those frequencies that only his own knew, and cursed at us. The fact that because of him the spirits then calmly passed our posts and laid mines is a fact,” says the veteran.

“KHAD employees negotiated with the Mujahideen to hand over the deserter - at first there was hope that this was an accident. But when Alexander refused the transfer, everything became clear. The group sent to recapture him was ambushed. Several people were injured,” adds Polushkin.

Dumskaya's sources in the Ukrainian special services confirmed that in their archives there are references to the escape of Sergeant N. For some time, despite the amnesty, he appeared in the orientations as a particularly dangerous criminal, during whose arrest weapons can and should be used. However, in the early 1990s, according to our interlocutors, the man was taken to Canada by CIA officers, and since then his trace has been lost. Whether Alexander is alive now is unknown. The motives that prompted the young man from a small Ukrainian village on the shore of the Tiligul estuary to forget about the oath also remained unclear...

What? - the inspector did not understand.

Stormy, prolonged applause,” the soldier repeated with a pure heart.

The inspector looked at the head of the PO in bewilderment, and he threw lightning at Solonenko.

Solonenko remembered that he didn’t listen to Adir Shakhmirza-ogly yesterday, but in vain.

For those who have never read the materials of the party congress, I will explain. This brochure clearly reproduced the atmosphere of this forum. After each significant speech or statement by the speaker, according to the convention script, there was a reaction from the audience. Something like: “Stormy applause”, “Stormy and prolonged applause”, “Stormy and prolonged applause, turning into ovation. Everyone stands up and continues to give a standing ovation.”

This was written in parentheses. But the soldier, tired of getting paid for saying something wrong, for not learning something, decided to learn absolutely everything that the company commander had outlined for him in the brochure. And he learned and told.

Colonel Zaitsev

Ivan Ignatievich Zaitsev, being a senior officer of the third department of the district intelligence department, was a frequent visitor to the Lagodekhi brigade.

He also came with inspections for the exercises. The officers respected him very much for his inexhaustible humor, deep knowledge of his business and human qualities.

Ivan Ignatievich had a lisp when speaking, so I will try to convey the flavor of this speech.

During the exercises

There is such a wonderful place in Transcaucasia - Karayazy. What is called a real mountain-desert area. In these “blessed” places, which the wits called Karlovy Yazy, exercises and shootings of the Trans-KVO took place. The recently created 173rd Special Forces Detachment was a frequent guest at this “resort”. Colonel Zaitsev, due to his duty, had to oversee his active combat training. During that period, a wave of accidents related to careless handling of weapons swept across the district.

The battalion was preparing to shoot. The cold fog of the early morning did not lift my spirits. Zaitsev lit a cigarette.

Battalion commander, is blinding set?

Yes sir.

Have the soldiers been instructed so that not a single cape gets into the shooting field?

Yes sir.

All is ready?

Yes sir.

Okay, let's give the command.

The battalion commander said something, and a signal familiar to every military man was heard over the training ground: “Po-pa-di!” The first bursts of fire were already heard over the field, when suddenly a soldier appeared from the bushes on the left and headed across the field. For a second Zaitsev froze, his eyes popped out of their sockets, and then he burst. Despite his short stature and modest build, Ivan Ignatievich shouted so loudly that even a soldier on the field could easily hear him. Moreover, among what was said, only prepositions were censored. Suddenly finishing shouting, Zaitsev, in a clear, calm voice, gave the order to stop shooting and send the car into the field to deliver this fighter to the checkpoint. Taking a drag from a very tiny cigarette butt that burned his lips and fingers, Ivan Ignatievich turned to the other officers at the command post and, as if apologizing for his incontinence, said: “After all, for him, damn it, you’ll have to pay for him like a villager!”

At the races

Competitions of special forces groups, or simply “platoon races,” were held annually. They were called horse races because during these competitions groups sometimes walked, and more often ran, up to two hundred kilometers in three days. Of course, not all groups could withstand such loads. Ivan Ignatievich was always on the panel of judges. This is how he recounted one of the episodes of the competition: “We are driving a UAZ. I look - he’s crawling along the road in a masked coat with a backpack and a machine gun. I tell the driver: “Stop!” I drove to the probable direction of crawling out and stopped. He crawled up to me, saw the officer’s boots and then stopped. He climbs and sniffles. I ask: “Group number?” - He's begging. - “The commander’s last name?” - He's begging. - I think: “Okay, pray.” They loaded him into a UAZ, drove him back, about ten kilometers, and threw him out. I say: “Next time I’ll answer the judge’s questions, you damn partisans.”

According to combat calculations

When Ivan Ignatievich Zaitsev was the chief of staff of the Lagodekhi brigade, he was, on duty, responsible for the service of the troops and, of course, for serving on guard. He loved checking the guard and sometimes carried it out in a very unusual way.

Senior Lieutenant Solonenko was on guard. A man who was always very scrupulous about his service. After lunch, having arrived at the guardhouse, Ivan Ignatievich inquired whether the combat crew was being brought to the attention of the guard personnel. Solonenko replied that this is done every shift.

“Good,” said Zaitsev. - Here’s an introduction: “Attack on the guardhouse!”

Solonenko commanded: “Guard in the gun! Attack on the guardhouse! The fighters, as taught, quickly took up their positions to repel the “enemy’s” attack.

“Okay,” said Zaitsev, “but a hundred things need to be done?”

Report to the duty officer,” Solonenko answered and turned the handle of the TA-57 telephone: “Comrade captain!” Attack on the guardhouse! Chief of the guard, senior lieutenant Solonenko.

Zaitsev suggested a continuation: “Two killed and three wounded.” Captain Salei, wise from service experience, was on duty. Therefore, he calmly asked: “Is this an introductory one? Who do you have there?

Zaitsev didn’t hear the question, but he understood and said:

No need to say, this is an introductory one.

Solonenko obediently repeated the tale about the dead and wounded and hung up.

Since there was no reaction from the duty officer, Zaitsev asked to call the duty officer again, but this time the number of those killed had increased. To this, Salei calmly answered the chief of the guard: “Victor, I used to naively believe that you would go on guard duty sober.” And he hung up.

Did you say a hundred? - Zaitsev asked keenly.

“He said that I was drunk,” the nachkar replied.

“Okay,” Zaitsev did not let up, “call again and tell him that five were killed and all were wounded.”

It is difficult to say what exactly the duty officer thought, but the reserve group was raised to the gun and, led by captain Salei, jumped out of the unit. The duty officer looked very determined, and he had a pistol in his hands. At this time, Yarosh Vitaly Yaroslavovich, commander of the 12th Special Special Forces Brigade, approached the unit. Quite puzzled by what was happening, he still managed to grab the last fighter by the jacket.

Son, for God's sake, tell me what's going on.

Oh, Comrade Colonel! There's something like that on guard duty! Five killed and a bunch of wounded!

Yarosh did not listen to him. The next moment he was already running into the guardhouse ahead of the reserve group and the unit on duty.

When it was all over, Solonenko watched as the tall and slender Yarosh walked into the unit, who was excitedly saying something without turning around, and little Ivan Ignatievich walked behind him, looking at the ground in front of him. After another half hour, he dejectedly walked home.

With faith in the future

Ivan Ignatievich Zaitsev was an extraordinary, but very competent officer, whose soul was rooted in the cause. He often stayed late in the unit, working on some official documents.

Solonenko was on duty. A patrol in the city caught three soldiers drunk. Solonenko, without hesitation for a long time, put them in the guardhouse, but so far without a note about the arrest.

Since the chief of staff was in the unit, he decided to report to him about what had happened.

After listening to the report, Ivan Ignatievich lit a cigarette. And he smoked in a very peculiar way. He held the cigarette with his thumb and forefinger, and smoked it to the very end, always burning his fingers.

Taking another puff, he said: “Tell me, Solonenko, Someday, for example, in the year two thousand, the rural thought will reach such perfection, one hundred, as soon as a soldier approaches the fence without a dismissal note, two will immediately jump out of it.” green hands, they will tie you up and send you to the guardhouse. And from the computer of the guard commander, a note about the arrest will come out with five notes and the signature of the guard commander?

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Transcript

1 HARE HUNT I want to tell you about another person with whom fate brought me together in Afghanistan. Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Leonidovich Zayats, at the time of my first meeting with him in March 1983, the intelligence chief of the 108th Motorized Rifle Division. Then we, all the heads of intelligence units, were called to the expanded Military Council of the army, where we were given a good “prochukhon” for the increased activity of “spirits” on the Termez Bagram pipeline. Daily (or rather nightly) sabotage, hundreds of tons of fuel spilled onto the ground, but the Limited contingent could not do anything serious against it. As always in such cases, the intelligence officers were blamed for everything. Chief of Staff 40 And Lieutenant General Ter-Grigoryants, almost foaming at the mouth, accused us of criminal negligence and unwillingness to conduct reconnaissance: why don’t we know who will break through the pipeline and where... In short, they found the switchmen. But it would be necessary to simply restore order in the pipeline crew. After all, only they benefited from accidents and sabotage on the pipeline: attributing huge losses of fuel (aviation kerosene) to the dushmans, they actually traded it left and right, selling it for next to nothing to the Afghans. By the way, when six months later a large group of officers and warrant officers of this brigade was imprisoned, the activity of dushmans on the pipeline for some reason decreased significantly. 108

2 I have somewhat digressed from the main topic. After this meeting, we met several more times, again in Kabul. Lieutenant Colonel Zayats, short in stature and densely built, impressed me as a thrifty and thorough person. However, these qualities, necessary for an officer, especially a commander in peacetime, were absolutely not valued in war. There, personal courage, the ability to organize a battle and take care of soldiers were especially valued. Take care in the sense that, again, organize and conduct battle wisely, do not make a career out of other people’s lives, make sure that the soldier is provided with everything, from dry rations to artillery support. Not to mention the organization of medical support; helping the wounded is the main thing. In war, no one is immune from this. This is the kind of commander his subordinates will literally carry in their arms and go with him into fire and water. And doubly so in intelligence. The hare was not eager to fight, did not show initiative. If he had been a logistician or a “technician”, I am absolutely sure that he would have served his time in Afghanistan very well, received an order and gone to the Union with honor. But he was a scout and something completely different was required of him. Knowing well his immediate superior, the chief of staff of the 108th Motorized Rifle Division, Colonel Gennady Ivanovich Kandalin, who was my regiment commander in Kushka, his exactingness, intolerance of lack of initiative, I was not particularly surprised when in August 1983 I learned that, on Kandalin’s initiative, the Hare was removed from his position with the wording “for the loss of intelligence leadership and personal unpreparedness.” After much deliberation about what to do with him next, he was sent down as the chief of intelligence of the 122nd infantry regiment of our division instead of Major Bondarenko, who had recently died in an ambush. 109

3 Major B. Aldokhin, commander of reconnaissance company 122 MRR 110 In Afghanistan, this was not a novelty. In our 201st Motorized Rifle Division, in just over two years, two division intelligence chiefs with a similar formulation were replaced. In 1981, Lieutenant Colonel Ryzhenko was sent to the 860th Motorized Rifle Regiment (Fayzabad) as the head of intelligence, and my predecessor, Lieutenant Colonel R.S. Zakharov, was sent to the Union at the beginning of 1983 to a major post in Samarkand. I have already said earlier that in Afghanistan (as in the Great Patriotic War) it was very popular to take revenge on intelligence officers. Then I became convinced of this from my own experience, but that’s a different story. Therefore, I greeted the news of Zaits’ appointment to our division calmly. Although in Razvedken 122 SMEs the situation was paradoxical. The commander of the reconnaissance company there was also the removed chief of staff of the 1083 road commandant battalion from Surubi, Major Boris Aldokhin. True, he was removed not for official omissions, but because, after drinking with friends, they were driving around Kabul in an armored personnel carrier and ran into a member of the Army Military Council. However, I knew that Zayats was an experienced officer, he had held all positions in intelligence, he was the commander of a reconnaissance battalion in the GSVG and had established himself well there. So you never know what happens in life? About two weeks later I met with him, we talked, he was optimistic, I supported him and we parted mutually satisfied. And I was almost not alarmed by Major Aldokhin’s statement that the Hare is a coward and anything can be expected from him. I humanly understood that Hare is almost 40 years old, he has two children, and besides, he was not quite fairly removed from his position, i.e. Komsomol-

It’s stupid to expect any kind of enthusiasm from him. A man does his job and that’s fine. However, subsequent events showed that I was wrong, and the Hare was not a hare at all, but was looking like a good wolf. On October 16, the following happened. The regiment's reconnaissance company, led by Zayets, went out on an ambush (company commander Aldokhin was in the medical unit). A captive dushman from the local residents of that area was taken as a guide. He reported the passage of a caravan with weapons that night. The data was so important that the prisoner was accompanied by a KHAD officer with the rank of major. We went out at night in pouring rain. Then I tell you in the words of the Hare himself, with whom I talked a few days after the incident. “We walked about 10 kilometers, I decided to get my bearings using the map. I stopped the column and, together with the Afghans, retreated about 50 meters behind the dune to determine the direction using the compass. I look at the map, and suddenly I see that the captured spook has attacked a KHAD officer and is trying to snatch his machine gun. I instinctively gave a burst in the spirit, but both fell. I see they’re both dead.” The platoon commander and the soldiers who witnessed this testified that after the Hare and the Afghans left behind the dune, they soon heard shots. Having run there, they saw that the Afghans were lying dead, and the Hare was standing next to him with a machine gun in his hands. All this was more or less true, although here and there questions arise. But what follows is completely absurd. The hare orders the Khadovets to take the machine gun, they throw the corpses of those killed in the steppe and return to the regiment. There he reports to the regiment commander that the Afghans turned out to be traitors, they wanted to kill him, but he got ahead of them and shot them both on the spot. 111

5 The regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel Valentin Zubko, did not look into this too much: there were many cases of betrayal by Afghans, and he reported this to the division commander in the morning. The question seemed to be settled, but in the evening a Soviet KHAD adviser arrived at the regiment with Afghan Khad officers and asked where the dushman and the officer accompanying him were. They didn't arrive this morning, what happened to them? They definitely did not believe Zayets’ version; the adviser demanded that the regiment commander bring the corpses and called an Afghan doctor who examined them. Then he interrogated the officers and soldiers of the company, and clearly proved that the Hare committed the deliberate murder of two people. They reported to the top, there was a loud scandal, the division commander immediately removed him from his post and summoned him to Kunduz for investigation. Later I spoke with the Hare more than once. I asked him, because everything could have been imagined completely differently. All that was needed was not to throw the dead Afghans into the steppes, but to bring them to the regiment and report that the company itself was ambushed and the Afghans were killed by dushmans. After all, there were no other Afghans with them anymore, and the officers and soldiers of the company would confirm everything that they were told. And that's it!!! No one would bother to look into it anymore. Although, of course, if we had taken out 5.45 mm bullets from the Afghans from the AKS-74 assault rifle, which only ours had. Well, if they had also carried out a ballistic examination of the Hare’s weapon, they would definitely have identified the weapon with which they were killed. But this is under normal conditions, but here it is unlikely that they would do this. The hare then told me, “I didn’t want to deceive.” Quite a naive explanation for a 40-year-old man. But I think that, on the contrary, he wanted publicity. Now I think Aldokhin was right. The hare was a terrible coward: both in the division where he was the chief of intelligence, and 112

6 especially in the regiment, where life was much more dangerous. Apparently this animal fear pushed him to commit a crime. He thought that who would make a fuss about some Afghans? They will remove him from this position, send him quietly to the Union away from the scandal, and there he will make up for his time. He did not take into account the fact that he killed not just an Afghan, but a state security officer, and these, as they say in Odessa, are two big differences. He had no high patrons, and no one was going to cover for him. The issue was decided at the very top, but they didn’t know what to do with it. Should we try him or limit ourselves to administrative measures: expel him from the party, dismiss him from the army? Of course, according to the law, for a double murder there is no trial. But again, putting in prison a senior officer, a lieutenant colonel, who has honestly fulfilled his duty in Afghanistan for a year, is also somehow not right. Therefore, for about two months the Hare was, as it were, between heaven and earth. He was removed from his position and they did not decide what to do with him. In order to keep him busy, the chief of staff of the division, Colonel V.I. Chernov, assigned him to the operational department, where he began to engage in military service, checking security, etc. I refused to take him on reconnaissance missions. At my request, Captain A.V. Grishchenko was sent from the reserve to the 122nd Motorized Rifle Regiment, who conscientiously fulfilled his duties there until the end of my service in Afghanistan. And I had no time for the Hare: he’s not little, he did everything on purpose, let him answer for himself. And somewhere at the end of January, they finally made a decision on it: definitely judge it! They didn’t arrest him, they said, where would he go from the submarine? But, as it later turned out, it was in vain, since he deserted. 113

7 From meetings with the investigator, he realized that, with all the mitigating circumstances, he was facing 9-10 years in prison, and trial could not be avoided. He was very confused, he did not expect this. Apparently, out of helplessness and the inability to change anything, he decided to illegally sneak into the Union, and see how it turns out. In Volyn, where he was from, was he going to sit out in the former Bandera caches? However, these are all my fantasies. What he planned and what he decided, only he himself knew. The only fact was that on March 15, 1984, he deserted. A convenient opportunity helped him in this. The division went into combat in the province of Badakhshan. Over the course of the previous few days, there was the usual turmoil and confusion in such cases. Columns are formed, groups of vehicles scurry from garrison to garrison, which would not have been allowed under normal conditions. This is the picture. Standing near the road is the BRDM-2 of the commandant's company of the division, there is only one driver in the car. The Hare approaches and the following dialogue took place between them: “Is your car going out for surgery? It turns out. Ready to go, is the car in good working order and refueled? Everything is fine. Let me check." The driver knows the lieutenant colonel as a division headquarters officer who has checked their company more than once. Without any second thought, he gets out of the car, the Hare takes his place, starts the engine and drives away. A soldier costs an hour, or two. It’s already getting dark, there’s no car. Their company commander drives by and asks why he is standing here. The soldier explains the situation. The garrison has only one road around the airfield, so there is nowhere to get lost. The company commander drove around the garrison, nothing. I got worried. I reported to the division chief of staff, who ordered 114

8 begin the search. It turns out that the BRDM at 15:30 passed through the checkpoint in military guard with a small convoy to Northern Kunduz, which is recorded in the log. They called there and found out that the BRDM was indeed in a convoy, but did not arrive at the garrison. In the morning, they sent a couple of helicopters, which soon found him 20 kilometers northeast of Kunduz in the green zone of Kalai-Zol county near the village of Saksacol, a place in the full sense of a bandit. The battalion of the 149th Motorized Rifle Regiment was immediately sent there, and after some time the results were reported: the BRDM was completely disassembled, the weapons were removed, all the units, even the wheels, only one armored box was left. There are no signs of battle. Interrogated local residents testified that this car was stuck in this place in the evening. An officer came out and tried to explain to the boys who ran up. Seeing that besides the officer there was no more “shuravi”, and the officer was without a weapon, about 5 local dushmans came up and took him away with them. We couldn't find out anything else. That's it, emergency! They reported to the army and the district. We started searching. But the difficulty was that just on that day, in the morning, the division went to Badakhshan for a planned operation, there were few remaining forces and it was not possible to organize a large-scale search “hot on the trail.” I also left with the main staff of the headquarters and returned only a month later. I learned that the Hare was never found, although the search gradually expanded, significant forces of 40 A already took part in them. Suffice it to say that the search was personally headed by the chief of staff of the TurkVO, Colonel General Krivosheev. During the ongoing hostilities, many “spirits” were beaten: for example, on one day near the village of Gortepa, a large gang was destroyed, 75 cars alone were taken - 115

9 mats, 4 DShK machine guns and many other weapons, heaps of ammunition. Gangs of smaller numbers, but no less harmful, were destroyed. Of course, the local residents also suffered. But, nevertheless, the traces of the Hare were lost. The gang that took him prisoner was completely destroyed, and not a single prisoner was taken. Some of the locals saw him, someone heard something, then information appeared that the Hare was killed during our airstrike. This version was considered plausible, he was declared missing and the search was stopped. This would have been the end of this story, but a few months later I accidentally found evidence indicating the death of the Hare. Somewhere in early October of the same year, I and a reconnaissance detachment of 40 people on 6 infantry fighting vehicles with two Akatsiya self-propelled guns operated in the area of ​​the Kalamkuduk steppe wells (50 km west of Kunduz). There was a “land of unafraid birds,” and dushmans walked freely. At dawn, we suddenly attacked the village located near the wells, the “spirits” did not accept the battle, we did not allow them to go to the mountains, so they had to surrender. A gang of 36 people, captured weapons: one Parabellum pistol from 1917 and several old English Boer rifles. As the prisoners showed, they were going to Pakistan, the bulk of the people were young people destined for training in rebel training camps. In the spring they were supposed to return with weapons, trained and ready for action. During the search, documents were found on them, including several photographs, which did not raise doubts about what they were doing, although at first they pretended to be civilians. 116

10 One document aroused my particular interest. It was a handwritten letter with 6 seals. My translator, although with difficulty, read the contents of this letter. It was like a letter of recommendation written by 6 rebel leaders of the Kalai-Zol district to the rebel leaders in Pakistan. In it they described the exploits of this gang in colors and colors. I was especially interested in the words “. in March, a Soviet general was captured and executed.” Considering the time and location of the action, I realized that this was about the Hare. Having thoroughly interrogated the leader of the gang, Mullah Saidzhon, a young man of about 30, and other members of his gang, I came to the conclusion that I was on the right path. The mullah himself categorically denied this and other facts cited in the letter. He said that this was written to give “weight” to his group in order to get more help and weapons. He didn’t even see the Soviet officer, although he had heard about him. He named the leader of the gang to which the Hare surrendered, this coincided with the previously received information. The “spirits” wanted to take the hare to Pakistan. Such luck! A lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Army, who also surrendered himself, the “spirits” have never had anything like this in all the years before or after in Afghanistan. You could get a lot of money for it. The fact is that in The Hague (Netherlands) there was an international UN commission to investigate Soviet crimes in Afghanistan. Our prisoners acted there as witnesses and gave evidence. They were mostly deserters, and what can you really take from a soldier, what did he see and what did he know, besides his company? The hare is a special article. Until now, officers of this rank have not yet been taken prisoner. But while the “spirits” were deciding what to do with the Hare, they passed him from gang to gang, 117

11 of ours tightly blocked the area of ​​his possible location. This zone was a difficult area between the Kunduz and Talukan rivers, measuring 10 by 20 km. However, this entire area was surrounded by desert, through which it was impossible to pass unnoticed. They tried to take the hare to the mountains several times, but it didn’t work. It became clear that its capture by Soviet troops was a matter of time. The council of leaders decided that since it was impossible to get him out, and he had been with them for almost 1.5 months, had seen many of the leaders, their bases and caches, then it was advisable to eliminate him as an unwanted witness. Which was done immediately. He was taken to the river bank. Kunduz, shot, the body was stripped naked and thrown into the river. After 1-2 days it would no longer be possible to identify him: the heat, fish and crayfish will do their job. And there were plenty of ownerless corpses in the rivers of Afghanistan in those years. This is how Lieutenant Colonel Zayats disappeared and died. And in order to completely close this topic, I will say that in the spring of 1997 in Kyiv I met with the son of Zayets, Vadim, who lived and worked here. My address was given to him at the Council of Afghan Veterans S. Chervonopisky, where I once told this story to his deputy V. Abazov. I told my son everything exactly the same as here. Later, a few years later, the topic of the lieutenant colonel missing in Afghanistan appeared several times in the newspapers, and the most incredible versions arose, because to this day he is listed as missing. I didn’t write to the newspaper; everything I write about here, I told his son personally. Therefore, I don’t want to intrude into their family affairs. Time itself has already put everything in its place! 118

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While conducting reconnaissance near the village of Fuloli-Pine (Ishkamysh county), tank 1 pp 783 orb was destroyed by fire from dushmans from an 82-mm recoilless rifle; the following were killed by an explosion of ammunition:

– Sergeant Gainullin R.V. - tank commander

– Sergeant Shumilov V.V. - deputy platoon commander

- Private Kramchaninov V.I. - loader.

The driver was not injured, as he was outside the tank.

Private Chuich A.G. – reconnaissance machine gunner rdr 783 orb, died in battle during an ambush on the road near the village of Ishkamysh

junior sergeant Nikitin V.S. - commander of the reconnaissance company of the 149th Guards. SME seriously wounded in battle while guarding a section of the road in the South Baghlan area and died in hospital

Private Goloborodko O.E. – senior reconnaissance officer 783 orb. died as a result of an accident (careless handling of weapons)

March, April

Lieutenant Colonel N.L. Zayats - former chief of intelligence of the 108th motorized rifle division, since September 1983 - chief of intelligence of the 122nd motorized rifle division. Deserted and surrendered on March 15. near the village of Saksacol (Kalai-Zol district), subsequently shot by dushmans

During military clashes with dushmans while searching for him, they died near Kunduz:

Sergeant Zhereshenkov V.V. – deputy platoon commander of the reconnaissance company of the 122nd infantry regiment, seriously wounded, died on April 25. in hospital

junior sergeant Nikolenko V.A. – senior reconnaissance officer of the 122nd infantry regiment

When returning from the implementation of intelligence data in the village of Lagak, they were ambushed near the village of Banu (Andarab district) and 11 servicemen of the 783 orb and 998 ap were killed:

– Senior Lieutenant Antonenko O.V. - RDR platoon commander

– Senior Lieutenant Pavlyuk V.S. – commander of a tank platoon 2 rr

– Senior Lieutenant V.N. Pirogov – head of intelligence adn 998 ap

– Sergeant Samoiluk A.I. – squad leader 2 rr

– Sergeant N.A. Kashtuev, commander of the 1st RR squad

- Private Klimenko P.A. – mechanic-driver of BMP 2 rr

– ml. Sergeant Sikalko M.A. - part-commander

- Private Chertenko A.V. - scout, rdr

- Private Podkorytov A.I. - scout, rdr

– junior sergeant A.V. Spolokhov – squad leader, rdr

- Private Shabanov Yu.V., radio operator-artillery spotter 998 ap

Private Sachilovich I.I. – gunner-operator of reconnaissance company 783 orb, died in battle in the river valley. Andarab (Banu District)

Private Kuzmichev V.V. – reconnaissance officer 783 orb, died in battle

senior lieutenant Petrov V.A. – Assistant Chief of Staff of the 122nd Motorized Rifle Regiment for Intelligence, died in battle (in the Aibak area)

Private Krutitsky A.V. – gunner-operator 783 orb, died in battle

Private Markin I.V. – reconnaissance machine gunner rdr 783 orb, died in battle in the Doshi area

captain Ugrik L.I. – Assistant Chief of Staff of the SME for reconnaissance of the 122nd MRR, died in battle during the implementation of intelligence data in the Aybak area

As a result of the accident, four reconnaissance officers of the 149th Guards reconnaissance company were killed. SME (near Umarkheil, Kunduz Ave.). The mechanic-driver of a TB regiment tank lost control and crashed into a reconnaissance company infantry fighting vehicle column standing at the side of the road. This led to the death of the scouts who found themselves between the vehicles at that moment):

- Private Morev G.N. - reconnaissance machine gunner

- Private Amaev M.I. – senior intelligence officer

- Private Kostenko V.V. - scout

- Private Sinyagin Yu.V. BMP gunner-operator

During the evacuation of the deceased pilot of the downed SU-17 aircraft 132 apib captain Lastukhin V.K. were ambushed and died in the Ortakol gorge (Andarab district):

– Major Yaroshchuk M.G. – Senior Assistant Chief of Intelligence of the 201st Motorized Rifle Division

- Private Plishchuk Ya.I. – reconnaissance machine gunner of reconnaissance company 122 MSP

The reconnaissance officers of the 122nd MRR reconnaissance company were killed in battle (Andarab Valley):

– private Masliy Nikolai Mikhailovich – gunner-operator – junior sergeant Slobodchikov M.A. - senior operator

Sergeant Tomilin I.V. – commander of the reconnaissance platoon of the MSB 122 MSP. died in battle

Sergeant Timirgaliev D.F. – commander of the reconnaissance company of the 395th infantry regiment, died in battle

Private Kulturaev A.E. – mechanic-driver of an infantry fighting vehicle of the reconnaissance company 122 MSP, died in a mine explosion in the Andarabs Gorge.

When an infantry fighting vehicle was detonated by a landmine, reconnaissance officers from the 149th Guards Reconnaissance Company were killed. SME:

– Lieutenant Kildyshev Yu.V. - platoon commander

- Private Balaban V.M. - driver mechanic

- Private Vilgotsky V.V. – gunner-operator

- Private Lukashin A.M. - scout

- Private Slizov S.V. - scout

- Private Stratin B.V. - driver mechanic

– junior sergeant Filin O.A. - part-commander

Killed in battle in the Chaugani area while escorting a convoy, Lieutenant Zhumanaliev A.T. – platoon commander of the reconnaissance company of the 395th infantry regiment

Private Siukaev I.Sh. – reconnaissance officer 2 pp 783 orb, died in battle

Scouts from 783 Orb were killed in battle near Ishanan (Kunduz Ave.):

- Captain Karataev A.A. – commander 2 rr

– junior sergeant Aseev S.I. – squad leader 2 rr

– Private Tsyganov A.V., gunner-operator 2 rr

- Private Tukhtaev T.M., reconnaissance officer 2 rr

junior sergeant Zotkin A.V. – commander of the reconnaissance squad of the 395th infantry regiment, died in hospital from illness

From the book Chronicle of the Heart author Burkov Georgy Ivanovich

1984 We live desperately deceitfully, deliberately deceitfully. We live as if only so that at the end, before our last breath, we can passionately and sweetly renounce our deceitful and dirty life. Or we behave like Nobel. All our lives we invent dynamite (a weapon of destruction),

From the book Dossier on the Stars: truth, speculation, sensations. Idols of all generations author Razzakov Fedor

From the book Alla Pugacheva: Born in the USSR author Razzakov Fedor

From the book Andrei Mironov: the darling of fate author Razzakov Fedor

1984 “It’s so bad to live as I lived yesterday” (A. Pugacheva - B. Akhmadulina), “Such a fate befell me” (A. Pugacheva - I. Reznik), “And this is all my fault” (A. Pugacheva - I. Reznik), “Cuckoo” (N. Bogoslovsky - M. Plyatskovsky), “I came and said” (A. Pugacheva - I. Reznik), “Where is everyone going?” (A.

From the book McCartney. Day after day author Maksimov Anatoly

1984 January 5 – participated in the additional filming of “The Blonde Around the Corner” (recording the song). January 16 – Alexander Mitta’s film “The Tale of Wanderings” (the role of Orlando) was released on the screens of the country. January 21 – the premiere of the play “The Cherry Orchard” took place on the Small Stage of the Satire Theater » A. Chekhov (role

From the book Catalog "ZhZL". 1890-2010 author Gorelik E.

1984 May – “Old Friends. Andrey Mironov. Raymond Pauls" (disc): "Old Friends", "Love the Pianist" and

From the book Tagansky Diary. Book 1 author Zolotukhin Valery Sergeevich

From the book Martyrology. Diaries author Tarkovsky Andrey

1984 720.Kardashov V.I.ROKOSSOVSKY. - 4th ed. - 1984. - 446 p.: ill. - (Issue 517). 100,000 copies. 721. Ostrovskaya R.P. NIKOLAI OSTROVSKY. - 4th ed. - 184 p.: ill. - (Issue 540). 150,000 copies. 722. Morozov S.A.BAKH. - 2nd ed., rev. - 1984. - 254 p.: ill. - (Issue 557). 150,000 copies. 723. Zolotussky I.P. GOGOL. - 2nd ed., rev. and additional - 1984.

From the book Diary author Nagibin Yuri Markovich

1984 January 11, 1984 Krymova says that Marina, being here on monument business, asked two people to say hello: Bella and me. And I still dare to be offended by her, but rather by Volodya (although he told me something about French frugality and reception days) that she didn’t

From the book I won’t stop, I won’t go crazy, I won’t go deaf author Chindyaykin Nikolay Dmitrievich

1984 January-February 1984 January 1 San Gregorio Here comes the new year... It will bring us something. We met him at the Pacifico house. Here New Year is not such a big holiday as in Russia. They called (yesterday) in Moscow. Anna Semyonovna had not yet received any money. They are in a bad mood. I do not know what to do.

From the book Military Scouts in Afghanistan. Notes from the division intelligence chief author Kuzmin Nikolay Mikhailovich

1984 January 1, 1984 So we spent another year and welcomed a new one. What kind of nightmare will it turn out to be? Whether I myself am tired or whether time is tired of lies, demagoguery, the threat of war, lack of food, the baseness of rulers, the futility of all efforts for good, but I got the impression that everyone is tired

From the book by the Strugatskys. Materials for research: letters, work diaries, 1978-1984 author Strugatsky Arkady Natanovich

1984 So, new year. I worked out, but I lost a lot of time due to my own weakness... And it’s very difficult to recover, the feeling of being out of shape is unbearable. “The Philistines” received a good response, I played the premiere (Tanya too), that cast then rehearsed for two weeks.

From the book...The name of this star is Chernobyl author Adamovich Ales

1984 February 2 While conducting reconnaissance near the village of Fuloli-Pine (Ishkamysh county), tank 1 pp 783 orb was destroyed by fire from dushmans from an 82-mm recoilless rifle; the following died from an explosion of ammunition: - Sergeant Gainullin R.V. – tank commander – Sergeant Shumilov V.V. - Deputy Commander

From the author's book

1984 January 4, the Leningrad departmental newspaper “Svetlana” publishes an interview with BN. From: BNS. A genre that can do anything<…>- Some scientists, literary critics, and readers themselves argue that science fiction has “exhausted”, that today it is confined only to

From the author's book

1984 The memory of victorious Russian history (Russia has seen and survived everything, and therefore nothing mortally terrible can happen) is destructive today. Because here, too, everything has changed: Russia won’t stand it either! And they live with the old, and this is maintained. 7.1.84 Prayer for

From the author's book

1984 ... Now - the atomic topic. But it’s enough to persuade others with words (journalism), you need to do it yourself (with a story that’s been lying around on the table). Return, friend, to “The Heroic Blood of Cain.” 8.8.84 “Atomic Winter” - ice, snow. “Martian” dust, a storm will cover the earth with ice