Russia's actions in the event of a US attack in Syria
Tensions between Russia and the United States have reached unprecedented levels. I completely agree that the situation now is even worse and more dangerous than during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Both sides have already moved on to implementing the so-called "Plan B", which, simply put, implies, at best, a complete absence of negotiations, and at worst, a war between Russia and the United States.
The key to understanding Russia's position in this—and other—recent conflicts with the United States is that Russia is still significantly weaker than the United States and that it therefore does not want war. However, this does not mean that she is not preparing for war. In fact, she is intensely and actively preparing for this. All this means is that if a conflict occurs, Russia will try, as far as possible, to keep it at the lowest possible level.
In theory and very roughly, here are the possible levels of confrontation:
1. Military confrontation similar to the Berlin crisis of 1961. It can be argued that this is already taking place, albeit in a distant theater and in a less visible form.
2. An isolated military incident is the kind that took place recently when Turkey shot down a Russian Su-24 and when Russia decided not to respond in kind.
3. A series of local clashes similar to those currently taking place between India and Pakistan.
4. A conflict limited to the Syrian theater of operations (like, say, the conflict between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Malvinas Islands).
5. Regional or global confrontation between the US and Russia.
6. Full-scale thermonuclear war between the United States and Russia.
When I was studying military strategy, I had the opportunity to participate in many exercises on escalation and de-escalation of conflicts. And I can testify that while it is very easy to come up with escalation scenarios, I have yet to come across a credible de-escalation scenario.
What is possible, however, is so-called “horizontal escalation” or “asymmetrical escalation,” in which one of the parties decides not to raise the ceiling or carry out direct escalation, but instead chooses a different target for retaliatory measures. It is not necessarily a more valuable target; it is simply different, at the same level of conceptual importance (in the United States, seminal research on this topic was carried out by Joshua M. Epstein and Spencer D. Bejkich).
main reason Why we should expect the Kremlin to seek asymmetric options to respond to a US attack is that in the Syrian context Russia is hopelessly inferior to the United States and NATO in terms of armament - at least in quantitative terms.
Logical responses for the Russians would be to exploit their qualitative superiority or seek out “horizontal targets” for possible retaliatory measures. Something very interesting and atypical happened this week - Major General Igor Konashenkov, head of the Press Service and Information Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, openly mentioned one of these options. Here's what he said:
“As for Kirby’s threat of possible losses of Russian aircraft and sending home Russian military personnel in “body bags,” I will say the following. We know very well exactly where and how many specifically in Syria, including in the province of Aleppo, there are unpublicized "specialists", engaged in operational planning and management of militant operations. Of course, you can continue to talk about how they are persistently, but unsuccessfully, engaged in “divorcing” the terrorists of Jibhat al-Nusra* from the “opposition.” However, in the event of attempts to implement threats to Russia and Russian military personnel in Syria, it is far from a fact that the militants will have bags and time to run away..."
Beautiful, isn't it?
It seems that Konashenkov is threatening the “militants”, but he deliberately mentions that among these militants there are numerous "unofficial specialists" and that Russia knows exactly where they are and how many there are. Of course, Obama officially stated that there are several hundred such special advisers from the United States in Syria.
But one well-informed Russian source suggested that among the Takfiri extremists there are up to 5,000 foreign “advisers”, including approximately 4000 Americans. I believe the correct figure is somewhere in between these two.
So, the Russian threat is quite simple - attack us, and we will attack American forces in Syria. Of course, Russia will vehemently deny that it targeted American military personnel and will insist that the strike was aimed only at terrorists. But both sides understand what is happening. Interestingly enough, last week the Iranian Fars news agency reported that just such a Russian attack had already taken place:
30 Israeli and foreign officers intelligence officers were killed in Aleppo in an attack by Russian Kalibr cruise missiles.
“Russian ships fired three Kalibr cruise missiles at the Dar Ezza operations coordination room in western Aleppo near Mount Sam’an, killing 30 Israeli and Western officers,”– Arabic-language service of the Russian news agency Sputnik, quoting his source on the Aleppo battlefield on Wednesday. – “The operational center was located in the western part of Aleppo province near the high Sam’an mountain and old caves. This area is located deep in the mountain range. Along with the Israeli officers, several officers from the United States, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Britain were killed. The foreign officers killed in the Aleppo operations center led terrorist attacks on Aleppo and Idlib.".
Regardless of whether this actually happened or whether the Russians are leaking such stories to show that it could happen, the fact remains that US troops in Syria could become a clear target for Russian retaliation - be it with a free-falling cruise missile bombs or direct action by Russian special forces. U USA, in addition, there are several clandestine military facilities in Syria, including at least one airfield with multifunctional tiltrotor aircraft V-22 Osprey.
Another interesting recent event was the report of the TV channel Fox News about what the Russians are stationing in Syria S-300V(also known as the "anti-missile and anti-aircraft system" SA-23 Gladiator"). To summarize, I will only note that the S-300V is capable of hitting ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, stealth aircraft and aircraft AWACS.
This is an army/corps level air defense system that is quite capable of protecting not only most of the Syrian airspace, but covering large areas of Turkey, Cyprus, the eastern Mediterranean and Lebanon. The powerful radars of this system can not only detect and hit American aircraft, including Stealth, at a great distance, but also provide significant assistance to Russian super-maneuverable fighters, giving them a clear picture of the sky and the location of enemy aircraft via encrypted data transmission channels.
And finally, air doctrine USA makes American fighters extremely dependent on the use of complexes AWACS for target designation needs, and S-300V will force US-NATO aircraft AWACS carry out their actions at the most uncomfortable distance for them. A network consisting of long-range radars from Russian Sukhoi aircraft, radars on Russian cruisers off the Syrian coast, and ground-based radars S-300 And S-300V, will give the Russians a much better understanding of the situation than their American counterparts.
It appears that the Russians are persistently working to compensate for their numerical disadvantage by deploying high-end systems that have no real equivalent or countermeasures. the United States does not have.
There are, in fact, two options for deterrence - a ban, when you do not allow your enemy to strike at his chosen targets, and retaliatory measures, when for the enemy to strike, you make the cost of the attack unacceptably high for him. The Russians seem to be going down both paths at the same time. So we can summarize the Russian approach as follows:
1. Postpone confrontation for as long as possible (delay and gain time).
2. Try to keep the confrontation at the lowest level of escalation.
3. If possible, respond with asymmetrical/horizontal escalations.
4. Instead of “overcoming” the US and NATO, make the cost of an attack prohibitively high for them.
5. Try to put pressure on the “allies” of the United States in order to create tension within the “Empire”.
6. Try to paralyze the United States at the political level by making the price of an attack prohibitively high.
7. Try to gradually create conditions on the ground (Aleppo) under which an American attack would become meaningless.
For those who grew up watching Hollywood films and who still watch television, this type of strategy is disappointing and disapproving. There are millions of armchair strategists who are confident that they could do the job of confronting the American “Empire” much better than Putin.
These guys have been telling us for “years” that Putin “sold” Syria (and Novorossiya) and that the Russians need to do A, B and C in order to defeat the “Anglo-Zionist Empire”.
Good news is that none of these armchair strategists sit in the Kremlin and that the Russians have stuck to their strategy day after day over the past years, even when they are criticized by those who want quick and “easy” solutions. But the main good news is that Russian strategy is working. Not only is Nazi-occupied Ukraine literally falling apart, but the United States has practically exhausted its options in Syria.
The only remaining logical step for the United States in Syria would be to accept Russian terms or leave. But here's the problem - I'm not at all sure that neocons The people who run the White House, Congress and major media in the US are at least a little bit “rational”.
This is why the Russians use so many stalling tactics and why they have acted with such extreme caution - they are dealing with professional but otherwise incompetent ideologues who simply do not play by the unwritten but clear rules of civilized international relations. This is what makes the current crisis so much worse than even the Cuban Missile Crisis - one of the superpowers has clearly gone crazy.
Are Americans crazy enough to risk World War III over Aleppo?
Maybe yes. Or maybe not. But what if we rephrased the question and asked: “Are Americans crazy enough to risk World War III to maintain their status as “the world’s only indispensable nation,” “leader of the free world,” “city on a hill,” and all the rest of the imperialist nonsense? ?
Here I dare say yes. Maybe yes.
After all, the neocons are right when they sense that if Russia gets away with openly challenging and defeating the United States in Syria, then no one will will never take Anglo-Zionists seriously.
What do you think the neocons are thinking when they see the Philippine President publicly calling Obama a “son of a whore” and then telling the EU to “go to hell”?
Of course, neocons can still find solace in the pathetic sycophancy of European political elites. But still, they know that the ominous writing is already on the wall and that their “Empire” is quickly falling apart. Not only in Syria, Ukraine or Asia, but even within the United States. The greatest danger is that the neocons may try to rally the nation around the flag - either by organizing another “false flag operation” or by launching real international crisis.
All we can do at this point is wait and hope that there is enough resistance within the US government to prevent a US attack in Syria before a new administration takes office. And although I'm not a supporter Trump but I would agree that Hilary and her evil clique of neocon-Russophobes is so bad that Trump gives me some hope. At least compared to Hilary.
Therefore, if Trump wins, then Russia's strategy will be largely justified. Once Trump is in the White House, then at least there will be the possibility of a comprehensive redefinition of US-Russian relations, which, of course, will begin with de-escalation in Syria.
While Obama/Clinton categorically refuse to get rid of Daesh (by which I mean al-Nusra*, al-Qaeda** and their various names), Trump seems determined to seriously fight them, even if that means Assad will remain in power. There is definitely a basis for dialogue in this.
If Hilary comes, then the Russians will have to make an absolutely critical choice - how important is Syria in the context of their goal of re-sovereignizing Russia and defeating the "Anglo-Zionist Empire"? The same question can be formulated differently like this: “Would Russia prefer confrontation with the “Empire” in Syria or at Ukraine?»
To gauge the mood in Russia, it is worth looking at the language of the recent legislation introduced by President Putin and passed by the Duma, which deals with the Russian-American plutonium disposition agreement. It – for the umpteenth time – reflected the fact of the United States’ failure to fulfill its obligations.
Russia has now suspended this agreement. But what's interesting is the language in which the Russians listed the conditions under which they would resume any arms control negotiations:
1. Reduction of the military infrastructure and number of troops of the United States of America stationed on the territories of member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) that joined NATO after September 1, 2000, to the level at which they were on the date of entry into force of the Agreement and the protocols to the Agreement ;
2. Refusal of the United States of America from its unfriendly policy towards the Russian Federation, which must be expressed:
a) repealing the 2012 United States Act (“Sergei Magnitsky Act”) and the anti-Russian provisions of the 2014 United States Ukraine Freedom Support Act;
b) the abolition of all sanctions imposed by the United States of America against individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation, Russian legal entities and individuals;
c) in compensation for damage suffered by the Russian Federation as a result of the introduction of sanctions specified in subparagraph “b” of this paragraph, including losses from the introduction of forced counter-sanctions against the United States of America;
3. Presentation by the United States of America of a clear plan for the irreversible disposition of plutonium covered by the Agreement.
Russians, of course, do not hallucinate. They know very well that the United States will never accept these conditions. So what's the big deal here? This is a diplomatic, but unambiguous form of making it clear to Americans what Philippine President Duterte (and Victoria Nuland) told the European Union.
It's time for Americans to start listening.
Author (published under a pseudonym The Saker ) is a widely known blogger in the West. Born in Zurich (Switzerland). Father is Dutch, mother is Russian. Served as an analyst in the Swiss armed forces and in UN research structures. Specializes in the study of post-Soviet states. Lives in Florida (USA).
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In August 1945, the explosions of two nuclear bombs over the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ended the 4-year war in the Pacific, in which America and Japan were the main opponents. The confrontation between these two powers became an important component of the Second World War and had a significant impact on its outcome. At the same time, today’s balance of power in the international arena is largely a consequence of those long-standing events.
What caused the fire in the Pacific Ocean
The reason for the war between the USA and Japan lies in the conflict between these states, which escalated by 1941, and in Tokyo’s attempt to resolve it militarily. The greatest contradictions between these powerful world powers arose in issues related to China and the territory of French Indochina - a former French colony.
Rejecting the “open door” doctrine proposed by the American government, Japan sought its full control over these countries, as well as over the territory of Manchuria it had previously captured. Due to Tokyo's stubbornness on these issues, negotiations held in Washington between the two countries did not bring any results.
But Japan’s claims were not limited to this. Tokyo, considering the USA, Great Britain and other colonial powers as its rivals, tried with all its might to oust them from the South Seas and Southeast Asia, thus seizing the sources of food and raw materials located on their territories. It was about 78% of the world's rubber produced in these areas, 90% of tin and many other riches.
Beginning of the conflict
By the beginning of July 1941, despite protests from the governments of America and Great Britain, it captured the southern part of Indochina, and after a short time approached the Philippines, Singapore, the Dutch Indies and Malaya. In response, it imposed a ban on the import of all strategic materials into Japan and at the same time froze Japanese assets held in its banks. Thus, the war that soon broke out between Japan and the United States was the result of a political conflict that America tried to resolve with economic sanctions.
It should be noted that Tokyo's military ambitions extended up to the decision to seize part of the territory of the Soviet Union. Japanese Minister of War Tojo announced this at the imperial conference in July 1941. According to him, a war should have been started with the aim of destroying the USSR and gaining control over its rich natural resources. True, at that time these plans were clearly impracticable due to the lack of forces, the bulk of which were aimed at the war in China.
Pearl Harbor tragedy
The war between the United States and Japan began with a powerful attack on Pearl Harbor, carried out by aircraft from the ships of the United Japanese Fleet, commanded by Admiral Yamamoto Isoroko. It happened on December 7, 1941.
Two air raids were carried out on the American base, in which 353 aircraft took off from 6 aircraft carriers. The result of this attack, the success of which was largely predetermined by its surprise, was so devastating that it disabled a significant part of the American fleet and became a truly national tragedy.
In a short time, enemy aircraft destroyed 4 of the most powerful battleships of the US Navy directly at the berths, of which only 2 were restored with great difficulty after the end of the war. Another 4 ships of this type received serious damage and were disabled for a long time.
In addition, 3 destroyers, 3 cruisers and one minelayer were sunk or seriously damaged. As a result of the enemy bombing, the Americans also lost 270 aircraft that were stationed at that moment at the coastal airfield and on the decks of aircraft carriers. To top it all off, torpedo and fuel storage facilities, piers, a ship repair yard and a power plant were destroyed.
The main tragedy was the significant loss of personnel. As a result of the Japanese air raid, 2,404 people were killed and 11,779 were wounded. After this dramatic event, the United States declared war on Japan and officially joined the anti-Hitler coalition.
Further advance of Japanese troops
The tragedy that unfolded at Pearl Harbor disabled a significant part of the US Navy, and since the British, Australian and Dutch fleets could not seriously compete with the Japanese naval forces, it gained a temporary advantage in the Pacific region. Tokyo conducted further military operations in alliance with Thailand, a military treaty with which was signed in December 1941.
The war between the USA and Japan was gaining momentum and initially brought a lot of trouble to the government of F. Roosevelt. Thus, on December 25, through the joint efforts of Japan and Thailand, it was possible to suppress the resistance of British troops in Hong Kong, and the Americans were forced, abandoning equipment and property, to urgently evacuate from their bases located on nearby islands.
Until the beginning of May 1942, military success invariably accompanied the Japanese army and navy, which allowed Emperor Hirohito to take control of vast territories that included the Philippines, Java, Bali, parts of the Solomon Islands and New Guinea, British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. There were about 130 thousand British troops in Japanese captivity at that time.
A turning point in the course of hostilities
The US war against Japan received a different development only after the naval battle between their fleets, which took place on May 8, 1942 in the Coral Sea. By this time, the United States already fully enjoyed the support of the allied forces in the anti-Hitler coalition.
This battle went down in world history as the first in which the enemy ships did not approach each other, did not fire a single shot, and did not even see each other. All combat operations were carried out exclusively by naval aviation aircraft based on them. This was essentially a clash of two aircraft carrier groups.
Despite the fact that during the battle none of the warring parties managed to win a clear victory, the strategic advantage, nevertheless, was on the side of the allies. Firstly, this naval battle stopped the successful, until then, advance of the Japanese army, with whose victories the war between the USA and Japan began, and, secondly, it predetermined the defeat of the Japanese fleet in the next battle, which took place in June 1942 in the area of the atoll Midway.
Two main Japanese aircraft carriers, Shokaku and Zuikaku, were sunk in the Coral Sea. This turned out to be an irreparable loss for the Imperial Navy, as a result of which the victory of the United States and its allies in the next naval battle turned the tide of the entire war in the Pacific.
Attempts to maintain previous gains
Having lost 4 more aircraft carriers, 248 combat aircraft and its best pilots at Midway Atoll, Japan henceforth lost the opportunity to operate effectively at sea outside the cover zones of coastal aviation, which became a real disaster for it. After this, Emperor Hirohito's troops were unable to achieve any serious success, and all their efforts were aimed at retaining previously conquered territories. Meanwhile, the war between Japan and the United States was still far from over.
During bloody and difficult battles that continued over the next 6 months, in February 1943, American troops managed to capture the island of Guadalcanal. This victory was the fulfillment of part of the strategic plan to protect sea convoys between America, Australia and New Zealand. Subsequently, until the end of the year, the United States and allied states took control of the Solomon and Aleutian Islands, the western part of the island of New Britain, the southeast of New Guinea, and also those that were part of the British colony.
In 1944, the war between the United States and Japan became irreversible. Having exhausted its military potential and lacking the strength to continue offensive operations, Emperor Hirohito’s army concentrated all its forces on the defense of the previously captured territories of China and Burma, giving further initiative to the enemy. This caused a number of defeats. So, in February 1944, the Japanese had to retreat from the Marshall Islands, and six months later - from the Mariana Islands. They left New Guinea in September and lost control of the Caroline Islands in October.
The collapse of Emperor Hirohito's army
The US-Japan War (1941-1945) reached its climax in October 1944 with the victorious Philippine Operation. In addition to the American army, Mexico also took part in it. Their common goal was to liberate the Philippines from the Japanese.
As a result of the battle that took place on October 23-26 in Leyte Gulf, Japan lost the bulk of its navy. Its losses were: 4 aircraft carriers, 3 battleships, 11 destroyers, 10 cruisers and 2 submarines. The Philippines was completely in the hands of the Allies, but isolated clashes continued until the end of World War II.
In the same year, having a significant superiority in manpower and equipment, American troops successfully carried out an operation to capture the island of Iwo Jima from February 20 to March 15, and Okinawa from April 1 to June 21. Both of them belonged to Japan, and were a convenient springboard for launching air strikes on its cities.
The raid on Tokyo, carried out on March 9-10, 1945, was especially devastating. As a result of the massive bombing, 250 thousand buildings were reduced to ruins and about 100 thousand people were killed, most of whom were civilians. During the same period, the war between the United States and Japan was marked by the offensive of allied forces in Burma, and its subsequent liberation from Japanese occupation.
The first atomic bombing in history
After Soviet troops launched an offensive in Manchuria on August 9, 1945, it became quite obvious that the Pacific Campaign, and with it the Japan-US War (1945), was over. However, despite this, the American government took an action that had no analogues either in previous or subsequent years. On his orders, the nuclear bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was carried out.
The first atomic bomb was dropped on the morning of August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima. She was delivered by a US Air Force B-29 bomber, named Enola Gay in honor of the mother of the crew commander, Colonel Paul Tibets. The bomb itself was called Little Boy, which translated means “Baby”. Despite its affectionate name, the bomb had a power of 18 kilotons of TNT and claimed the lives, according to various sources, from 95 to 160 thousand people.
Three days later another atomic bombing followed. This time her goal was the city of Nagasaki. The Americans, who are inclined to give names not only to ships or planes, but even bombs, called it Fat Man. This killer, whose power was equal to 21 kilotons of TNT, was delivered by the B-29 Bockscar bomber, piloted by a crew under the command of Charles Sweeney. This time, between 60 and 80 thousand civilians became victims.
Surrender of Japan
The shock of the bombing, which ended the years of the US war with Japan, was so great that Prime Minister Kantaro Suzuki addressed Emperor Hirohito with a statement about the need for a speedy cessation of all hostilities. As a result, just 6 days after the second atomic strike, Japan announced its surrender, and on September 2 of the same year the corresponding act was signed. The signing of this historical document ended the US-Japan War (1941-1945). It also became the final act of the entire Second World War.
According to available data, US casualties in the war with Japan amounted to 296,929 people. Of these, 169,635 are soldiers and officers of ground units, and 127,294 are sailors and infantrymen. At the same time, 185,994 Americans were killed in the war with Nazi Germany.
Did America have the right to launch nuclear strikes?
Throughout the post-war decades, disputes have not subsided over the appropriateness and legality of nuclear strikes delivered at a time when the Japan-US war (1945) was almost over. As most international experts note, the fundamental question in this case is whether the bombing, which claimed tens of thousands of lives, was necessary to conclude an agreement on the surrender of Japan on terms acceptable to the government of President Harry Truman, or were there other ways to achieve the necessary result?
Supporters of the bombing claim that thanks to this extremely cruel, but justified, in their opinion, measure, it was possible to force Emperor Hirohito to capitulate, while avoiding mutual casualties inevitably associated with the upcoming invasion of American forces in Japan and the landing of troops on the island of Kyushu.
In addition, they cite statistical data as an argument, from which it is clear that every month of the war was accompanied by mass deaths of residents of countries occupied by Japan. In particular, it is estimated that during the entire period of the presence of Japanese troops in China from 1937 to 1945, about 150 thousand people died monthly among the population. A similar picture can be seen in other zones of Japanese occupation.
Thus, it is not difficult to calculate that without a nuclear strike, which forced the Japanese government to immediately surrender, each subsequent month of the war would have claimed at least 250 thousand lives, which far exceeded the number of victims of the bombing.
In this regard, the living grandson of President Harry Truman, Daniel Truman, in 2015, on the day of the seventieth anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, recalled that his grandfather did not repent until the end of his days of the order he had given and declared the undoubted correctness of the decision made. According to him, it largely accelerated the end of the military confrontation between Japan and the United States. The world war could also have lasted for several more months if not for such decisive measures by the American administration.
Opponents of this point of view
In turn, opponents of the bombings claim that even without them, the United States and Japan suffered significant losses in World War II, increasing which at the expense of casualties among the civilian population of two cities subjected to nuclear attacks is a war crime, and can be equated to state terrorism.
Many American scientists who personally took part in the development of these deadly weapons made statements about the immorality and inadmissibility of nuclear bombings. His earliest critics are the outstanding American atomic physicists Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard. Back in 1939, they wrote a joint letter to US President Roosevelt, in which they gave a moral assessment of the use of nuclear weapons.
In May 1945, seven leading American experts in the field of nuclear research, led by James Frank, also sent their message to the head of state. In it, scientists pointed out that if America were the first to use the weapons they had developed, this would deprive it of international support, trigger an arms race, and in the future undermine the chances of establishing global control over these types of weapons.
Political side of the issue
Leaving aside arguments regarding the military expediency of launching an atomic strike on Japanese cities, it should be noted that there is another probable reason why the American government decided to take this extreme step. We are talking about a demonstration of force with the aim of influencing the leadership of the Soviet Union and Stalin personally.
When, after the end of World War II, there was a process of redistribution of spheres of influence between the leading powers that had recently defeated Nazi Germany, G. Truman considered it necessary to clearly demonstrate to the world who currently had the most powerful military potential.
The result of his actions was the arms race, the beginning of the Cold War and the notorious Iron Curtain, which divided the world into two parts. On the one hand, official Soviet propaganda intimidated the people with a threat supposedly emanating from “world capital” and created the United States, on the other, they never tired of talking about the “Russian bear” who encroached on universal human and Christian values. Thus, the atomic explosions that thundered over Japanese cities at the end of the war echoed throughout the world for many decades to come.
Wars are financed by those who subsequently receive the maximum profit.
Capitalism benefits from wars and the subsequent exploitation of countries for one reason - it’s a lot of money. This means that under capitalism, wars are inevitable; this is proven not only by common sense, but also by the history of the world. Any military conflict is organized and provoked by a third party, which solves the problem of creating sales markets in war-torn territories, the problem of access to free raw materials, technology, and cheap labor. Throughout the century, a select circle of bankers were constantly in touch (with the White House) not only on issues of financial and economic trade policy, but also on issues related to wars. The financial expansion of American banks politically pushed America's emergence as a global "superpower."
“I simply tremble for my country when I think that God is just,” US President Thomas Jefferson.
1622 - attack on the Indians. in Jamestown.
1635 - War with the Algoquin Indians in New England
1675 - The war ended with the destruction of almost half the cities in Massachusetts. Other wars and skirmishes with Indians continued until 1900. In total, the Americans killed about 100 million Indians, which allows us to speak of a real genocide, significantly exceeding the mass murder of Jews by Hitler (4 - 6 million victims).
1661-1774 Military conflict. About a million living slaves were imported from Africa to the United States; over nine million died along the way. The slave traders' income from this operation in mid-18th century prices was about $2 billion.
From 1689 to 1763, four major imperial wars took place, involving England and its North American colonies, as well as the French, Spanish and Dutch empires. From 1641 to 1759 there were 40 riots and 18 internal conflicts among the settlers, five of which rose to the level of rebellion. In 1776, the War of Independence began, which ended in 1783. Second war against England in 1812-1815. strengthened independence while 40 Indian Wars from 1622 to 1900 resulted in the addition of millions of acres of land.
1792 - Americans recapture Kentucky from the Indians
1796 - Americans recapture Tennessee from Indians
1797 - Relations with France cool after the USS Delaware attacks the civilian ship Croyable; naval conflicts continue until 1800.
1800 - Slave rebellion led by Gabriel Prosser in Virginia. About a thousand people were hanged, including Prosser himself. The slaves themselves did not kill a single person.
1803 - Americans recapture Ohio from Indians
1803 - Louisiana. In 1800, Spain, under a secret treaty, transferred Louisiana, which had been a French colony until 1763, to France, in exchange for which the Spanish king Charles IV made Napoleon undertake to give his son-in-law the kingdom of Italy. French troops were never able to occupy Louisiana, where the Americans had settled before them.
1805 - 1815 - The United States fought the first war in Africa - on its Mediterranean coast. By this time, merchants of the American Republic had developed significant trade with the Ottoman Empire, buying opium there for $3 per pound and selling it in the Chinese port of Canton (Guangzhou) for $7 to $10. The Americans also sold a lot of opium in Indonesia and India. In the first third of the 19th century. The United States obtained from the Turkish Sultan the same rights and privileges in trade in the Ottoman Empire as the European powers: Great Britain, Russia and France. Subsequently, the United States entered into a struggle with Britain for control of the opium markets of the eastern Mediterranean. As a result of a series of wars, by 1815 the United States had imposed enslaving treaties on North African countries and provided its merchants with large cash receipts. Later, in the 1930s, the United States tried to get the Kingdom of Naples to transfer Syracuse to them as a base, although these attempts were unsuccessful.
1806 - attempted American invasion of the Rio Grande, i.e. to territory that belonged to Spain. The American leader, Captain Z. Pike, was captured by the Spaniards, after which the intervention fizzled out.
1810 - Louisiana Governor Clairborne invaded West Florida, which belonged to Spain, on the orders of the US President. The Spaniards retreated without a fight, and the territory passed to America.
1811 - slave revolt led by Charles (slaves were often not given surnames, just as dogs are not given surnames). 500 slaves headed towards New Orleans, freeing their fellow sufferers along the way. American troops killed on the spot or later hanged almost all the participants in the uprising.
1812 – 1814 - war with England. Invasion of Canada. “I am eager to annex not only Florida to the south, but also Canada (Upper and Lower) to the North of our state,” said one of the members of the House of Representatives, Felix Grundy. “The Creator of the world defined our border in the south as the Gulf of Mexico, and in the north as the region of eternal cold,” another senator, Harper, echoed him. Soon the approaching huge fleet of England forced the Yankees to leave Canada.
In 1814, England even managed to destroy many government buildings in the US capital of Washington.
1812 - US President Madison ordered General George Matthews to occupy part of Spanish Florida - Amelia Island and some other territories. Matthews showed such unprecedented cruelty that the president subsequently tried to disown this enterprise.
1813 - American troops capture Spanish Mobile Bay without a fight, Spanish soldiers surrender. In addition, the Americans occupy the Marquesas Islands, an occupation that lasted until 1814.
1814 - American General Andrew Jackson's raid into Spanish Florida, where he occupied Pensacola.
1816 - American troops attack Fort Nichols in Spanish Florida. The fort belonged not to the Spaniards, but to fugitive slaves and Seminole Indians, who were destroyed in the amount of 270 people.
1817 - 1819 conquest of Florida. The pretext for the invasion of Florida by American troops was the persecution of the Seminole Indian tribe, which gave shelter to Negro slaves who had fled from the plantations (General Jackson deceived the two leaders of the Seminole and Creek Indian tribes onto an American gunboat by hanging an English flag, and then brutally executed them). The true reason for the American invasion was the desire of the planters of the US South to seize the fertile lands of Florida, which was revealed in the debate in Congress in January 1819, after the report of the representative of the military commission Johnson on military operations in Florida.
1824 - invasion of two hundred Americans led by David Porter into the Puerto Rican city of Fajardo. Reason: shortly before this, someone insulted American officers there. City authorities were forced to formally apologize for the bad behavior of their residents.
1824 - American landing in Cuba, which was then a Spanish colony.
1831 - slave rebellion in Virginia led by priest Nat Turner. 80 slaves killed their slave owners and members of their families (60 people in total), after which the uprising was suppressed. In addition, the slave owners decided to launch a "preemptive strike" in order to prevent a larger uprising - they killed hundreds of innocent slaves in the surrounding regions.
1833 - invasion of Argentina, where there was an uprising at that time.
1835 - Mexico. The United States, which sought to seize the territory of Mexico, took advantage of its unstable internal political situation. Starting from the early 20s. to the colonization of Texas, in 1835 they inspired a revolt of Texas colonists, who soon announced the separation of Texas from Mexico and proclaimed its “independence.”
1835 - invasion of Peru, where at that time there were strong popular unrest.
1836 - another invasion of Peru.
1840 - American invasion of Fiji, several villages were destroyed.
1841 - after the murder of one American on Drummond Island (then called Upolu Island), the Americans destroyed many villages there.
1842 is a unique case. For some reason, a certain T. Jones imagined that America was at war with Mexico, and attacked Monterey in California with his troops. Finding that there was no war, he retreated.
1843 - American invasion of China
1844 - another invasion of China, suppression of the anti-imperialist uprising
1846 - Mexicans were bitter over the loss of Texas, whose residents decided to join the US in 1845. Border disputes and financial disagreements increased tensions. Many Americans believed that the United States was “destined” to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Since Mexico did not want to sell this territory, some US leaders wanted to seize it - US President James Polk sent troops to Texas in the spring of 1846. Over the next two years, fighting took place in Mexico City, Texas, California, and New Mexico. The US military was better trained, had newer weapons, and more effective leadership, Mexico was defeated. In early 1847, California was under US administration. In September, Mexico City fell to attacks by the US Army. On February 2, 1848, the United States and Mexico signed a Peace Treaty. In this treaty, Mexico agreed to sell an area of 500,000 square miles to the United States for $15 million.
1846 - aggression against New Granada (Colombia)
1849 - The American fleet approaches Smyrna to force the Austrian authorities to release the arrested American.
1849 - artillery shelling of Indochina.
1851 - American troops land on the island of Johanna to punish local authorities for the arrest of the captain of an American ship.
1852 - American invasion of Argentina during popular unrest.
1852 - In 1852, the US government sent M. Perry's squadron to Japan, who, under the threat of weapons, achieved the conclusion of the first US-Japanese treaty in Kanagawa on March 31, 1854, which opened the ports of Hakodate and Shimoda for American ships on conditions extremely unfavorable for Japan.
The American Consul General T. Harris, who arrived in Japan in 1856, with the help of threats and blackmail, achieved the conclusion of a new treaty, more beneficial for the United States, on June 17, 1857, and a year later, on July 29, 1858, a trade agreement that was enslaving to Japan.
Following the model of the American-Japanese trade agreement of 1858, agreements were concluded with Russia (August 19, 1858). America established freedom of trade for foreign merchants with Japan and included it in the world market, granted foreigners the right of extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction, deprived Japan of customs autonomy, and imposed low import duties.
1853 – 1856 - Anglo-American invasion of China, where they won favorable terms of trade through military clashes.
1853 - invasion of Argentina and Nicaragua during popular unrest.
1853 - An American warship approaches Japan to force it to open its ports to international trade.
1854 - Americans destroyed the Nicaraguan city of San Juan del Norte (Greytown), so they took revenge for an insult to an American.
1854 - The United States attempted to seize the Hawaiian Islands. Capture of Tiger Island off the Isthmus of Panama.
1855 - A detachment of Americans led by W. Walker invaded Nicaragua. Relying on the support of his government, he proclaimed himself president of Nicaragua in 1856. The American adventurer sought to annex Central America to the United States and turn it into a slave-owning base for American planters. However, the united armies of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras drove Walker out of Nicaragua. He was later captured and executed in Honduras.
1855 - American invasion of Fiji and Uruguay.
1856 - Invasion of Panama. Given the enormous role of the Isthmus of Panama, Great Britain and the United States fought to master it or at least control it. Great Britain, which owned a number of islands in the Caribbean Sea, as well as part of the Mosquito Coast, sought to maintain its influence in Central America. In 1846, the United States imposed a treaty of friendship, trade and navigation on New Granada, under which they pledged to guarantee the sovereignty of New Granada over the Isthmus of Panama and at the same time received equal rights with it in the operation of any route through the isthmus and a concession to build a railway through it. The railroad, which was completed in 1855, strengthened American influence on the Isthmus of Panama. Using the treaty of 1846, the United States systematically interfered in the internal affairs of New Granada and repeatedly resorted to direct armed intervention (1856, 1860, etc.). Treaties between the USA and Great Britain - the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) and the Hay-Pouncefoot Treaty (1901) further strengthened the US position in New Granada.
1857 - two invasions of Nicaragua.
1858 - intervention in Fiji.
1858 - invasion of Uruguay.
1859 - attack on the Japanese fort Taku.
1859 - invasion of Angola during popular unrest.
1860 - Invasion of Panama.
1861 - 1865 - Civil War. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina separated from the rest of the states and declared themselves an independent state. The North sends in troops ostensibly to free the slaves. In fact, it was, as always, about money - mainly they quarreled over the terms of trade with England. In addition, forces were found that prevented the country from disintegrating into a number of small but very independent colonies.
1862 - expulsion of all Jews from Tennessee, of course with confiscation of their property.
1863 - punitive expedition to Shimonoseki (Japan).
1864 - military expedition to Japan to get favorable terms in trade.
1865 - Paraguay. Uruguay with unlimited military assistance from the USA, England, France, etc. invaded Paraguay and destroyed 85% of the population of this then rich country. Since then, Paraguay has not risen. The monstrous massacre was openly paid for by the international banking house of the Rothschilds, closely associated with the famous British bank Baring Brothers and other financial structures, where Rothschild’s fellow tribesmen traditionally played a leading role. What gave the genocide a special cynicism was that it was carried out under the slogans of liberating the Paraguayan people from the yoke of dictatorship and restoring democracy in the country. Having lost half of its territory, the bloodless country turned into a miserable Anglo-American semi-colony, known today for one of the lowest standards of living in the world, rampant drug mafia, huge foreign debt, police terror and corruption of officials. The land was taken away from the peasants, giving it to a handful of landowners who arrived in the occupiers' convoy. Subsequently, they created the Colorado Party, which still rules the country in the name of the interests of the dollar and Uncle Sam. Democracy has triumphed.
1865 - the introduction of troops into Panama during the coup d'etat.
1866 - unprovoked attack on Mexico
1866 - punitive expedition to China for an attack on the American consul.
1867 - punitive expedition to China for the murder of several American sailors.
1867 - attack on the Midway Islands.
1868 - Multiple invasions of Japan during the Japanese Civil War.
1868 - invasion of Uruguay and Colombia.
1874 - deployment of troops to China and Hawaii.
1876 - invasion of Mexico.
1878 - attack on Samoa.
1882 - entry of troops into Egypt.
1888 - attack on Korea.
1889 - punitive expedition to Hawaii.
1890 - introduction of American troops into Haiti.
1890 - Argentina. Troops are brought in to protect the interests of Buenos Aires.
1891 - Chile. Clashes between American troops and rebels.
1891 - Haiti. Suppression of the uprising of black workers on the island of Navassa, which, according to American statements, belonged to the United States.
1893 - deployment of troops to Hawaii, invasion of China.
1894 - Nicaragua. Within a month, troops occupy Bluefields.
1894 – 1896 - invasion of Korea.
1894 – 1895 - China. American troops participate in the Sino-Japanese War.
1895 - Panama. American troops invade the Colombian province.
1896 - Nicaragua. American troops invade Corinto.
1898 - American-Spanish War. American troops recapture the Philippines from Spain, 600,000 Filipinos are killed. American President William McKinley announced that God ordered him to seize the Philippine Islands in order to convert their inhabitants to the Christian faith and bring them civilization.
McKinley said he spoke to the Lord as he walked down one of the White House corridors at midnight.
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A curious reason was used by America to start this war: on February 15, 1898, an explosion occurred on the battleship Maine, it sank, killing 266 crew members. The US government immediately blamed Spain. After 100 years, the ship was raised, and it was discovered that the ship had been blown up from the inside. It is possible that America decided not to wait for a reason to attack Spain and decided to speed up events by sacrificing a couple of hundred lives. Cuba was retaken from Spain, and since then the American military base at Guantanamo Bay has been located there.
1898 - American troops invade the port of San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua.
1898 - Hawaii. Capture of the islands by American troops.
1899 - American-Philippine War
1899 - Nicaragua. American troops invade the port of Bluefields.
1901 - troops enter Colombia.
1902 - invasion of Panama.
1903 - The United States sent warships to the Isthmus of Panama to isolate Colombian troops. On November 3, the political independence of the Republic of Panama was proclaimed. In the same month, Panama, which found itself virtually completely dependent on the United States, was forced to sign an agreement with the United States, according to which the territory for the construction of the canal was “forever” provided for the use of the United States.
1903 - deployment of troops to Honduras, the Dominican Republic and Syria.
1904 - deployment of troops to Korea, Morocco and the Dominican Republic.
1904 - 1905 - American troops intervene in the Russo-Japanese War.
1905 - American troops intervene in the revolution in Honduras.
1905 - entry of troops into Mexico (helped dictator Porfirio Díaz suppress the uprising).
1905 - entry of troops into Korea.
1906 - invasion of the Philippines, suppression of the liberation movement.
1906 - 1909 - American troops enter Cuba during elections.
1907 - American troops implement protectorate "dollar diplomacy" in Nicaragua.
1907 - American troops intervene in the revolution in the Dominican Republic
1907 - American troops participate in the war between Honduras and Nicaragua.
1908 - American troops enter Panama during elections.
1910 - Nicaragua. American troops invade the port of Bluefields and Corinto. The United States sent armed forces to Nicaragua and organized an anti-government conspiracy (1909), as a result of which Zelaya was forced to flee the country. In 1910, a junta was formed from pro-American generals: X. Estrada, E. Chamorro and an employee of the American mining company A. Diaz. In the same year, Estrada became president, but the next year he was replaced by A. Diaz, supported by American troops.
1911 - Americans land in Honduras to support the rebellion led by former President Manuel Bonnila against the legally elected President Miguel Davila.
1911 - suppression of the anti-American uprising in the Philippines.
1911 - introduction of troops into China.
1912 - American troops enter Havana (Cuba).
1912 - American troops enter Panama during elections.
1912 - American troops invade Honduras.
1912 - 1933 - occupation of Nicaragua, constant struggle with partisans. Nicaragua turned into a colony of the monopoly of the United Fruit Company and other American companies. In 1914, an agreement was signed in Washington, according to which the United States was given the right to build an interoceanic canal on the territory of Nicaragua. In 1917, E. Chamorro became president, who concluded several new agreements with the United States , which led to even greater enslavement of the country.
1914 - American troops enter the Dominican Republic, fighting rebels for Santa Domingo.
1914 - series of invasions of Mexico.
In 1910, a powerful peasant movement began there by Francisco Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata against the protégé of America and England, dictator Porfirio Diaz. In 1911, Díaz fled the country and was succeeded by the liberal Francisco Madero. But even he was not suitable for the Americans, and in 1913, again, the pro-American General Victoriano Huerta overthrew Madero, killing him. Zapata and Villa pressed on, and at the end of 1914 they occupied the capital of Mexico City. Huerta's junta collapsed and the US moved to direct intervention. Actually, already in April 1914, American troops landed in the Mexican port of Veracruz, remaining there until October. Meanwhile, the experienced politician and large landowner V. Carranza became the President of Mexico. He defeated Villa, but opposed US imperialist policies and promised to carry out land reform.
In March 1916, units of the American army under the command of Pershing crossed the Mexican border, but the Yankees did not have an easy walk. Government troops and the partisan armies of P. Villa and A. Zapata, temporarily forgetting civil strife, united and threw Pershing out of the country.
1914 - Haiti. After numerous uprisings, America sends in its troops, the occupation continues for 19 years.
1916 - 8-year occupation of the Dominican Republic.
1917 - military occupation of Cuba, economic protectorate until 1933.
Participation in the 1st World War.
1917 - 1918 - participation in the 1st World War. At first, America “observed neutrality,” i.e. sold weapons for astronomical sums, grew uncontrollably rich, entered the war already in 1917, i.e. at almost the very end; they lost only 40,000 people (the Russians, for example, 200,000), but after the war they considered themselves the main winner. As we know, they fought similarly in World War II. States in Europe fought in World War I to change the rules of the “game,” not to “achieve greater equality of opportunity,” but to ensure a future of absolute inequality in favor of the United States. America came to Europe not for the sake of Europe, but for the sake of America. Transatlantic capital prepared this war, and it won it. After the end of the war, through various machinations, they succeeded more than other allies in enslaving Germany, as a result of which the country, already weakened by the war, fell into absolute chaos, where fascism was born. Fascism developed with the active financing of America and Western capitalists until the end of World War II. States other than the United States found themselves indebted to international financial groups and monopolies after the war, where US capital played the first, but far from the only, role.
1993 - Americans help Yeltsin execute the execution of several hundred people during the storming of the Supreme Council.
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The Americans actively finance the propaganda of democracy, bribe military generals, officials, and the media, actively promote new values, promising all people to become “bankers and rock or movie stars,” and try to convince the population of the failure of the USSR economy. They receive enormous help from Chubais' team.
They are actively intimidating with communists, they are filming a video of a Russian pensioner in tears begging not to vote for Zyuganov, since he promises to dispossess all peasants and drive the protesters into camps (this video can be found on YouTube). First, on December 24, 1990, Zyuganov organized an All-Union referendum on the preservation of the USSR in which 77.85% of the population voted for the preservation of the USSR. And if it were not for the active support of the media and the betrayal of many officials, the United States would not have been able to win, since quite strong and high-quality resistance arose among the intelligentsia towards the communists.
At the beginning of 1991, Zyuganov made a call for the removal of Mikhail Gorbachev from the post of Secretary General. In July 1991, together with a number of well-known government, political and public figures, he signed the “Word to the People” appeal. The appeal spoke about measures to prevent the collapse of the USSR and about possible tragic events; this appeal made many think and change their new views in favor of the communists.
Zyuganov organized the impeachment of Yeltsin in 1993. Thanks to Zhirinovsky, 16 votes were not enough for Yeltsin to be put on trial and recognized as a state criminal. The military also did not provide support.
In 1999, Zyuganov organized another vote to impeach Yeltsin. But supporters of impeachment did not get the required 300 votes; the majority of officials support Yeltsin. In 2010, Zyuganov organized a military tribunal against V. Putin, considering him a successor to B. Yeltsin and a protege of Chubais, the prosecutor was military prosecutor V.I. Ilyukhin, at which Putin was found guilty of disarmament of Russia and the deliberate economic collapse of the country. After the tribunal, Zyuganov and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation organize a rally in Moscow at which the verdict was announced, they ask for help and support from the army and the people, but the army and the people remain indifferent to this.
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1993 – 1995 – Bosnia. Patrolling no-fly zones during the civil war; downed planes, bombings of the Serbs.
1994 – 1996 - Iraq. An attempt to overthrow Hussein by destabilizing the country. The bombing did not stop for a day, people died from hunger and disease due to sanctions, explosions were constantly carried out in public places, while the Americans used the terrorist organization the Iraqi National Congress (INA). It even came to the point of military clashes with Hussein’s troops, because The Americans promised air support to the National Congress. True, military assistance never came. The terrorist attacks were directed against civilians, the Americans hoped in this way to arouse popular anger towards the Hussein regime, which allows all this. But the regime did not allow this for long, and by 1996, most of the INA members were destroyed. The INA was also not allowed into the new government of Iraq.
1994 – 1996 - Haiti. Blockade directed against the military government; troops reinstate President Aristide 3 years after the coup.
1994 - Rwanda. The story is dark, much remains to be discovered, but for now we can say the following. Under the leadership of CIA agent Jonas Savimbi, approx. 800 thousand people. Moreover, at first it was reported about three million, but over the years the number decreases in proportion to the increase in the number of mythical Stalinist repressions. We are talking about ethnic cleansing - the extermination of the Hutu people. The heavily armed UN contingent in the country did nothing. It is still unclear to what extent America is involved in all this, and what goals were pursued. It is known that the Rwandan army, which was mainly engaged in slaughtering the civilian population, exists with US money and is trained by American instructors. It is known that Rwandan President Paul Kagame, under whom the massacres occurred, received military education in the United States. As a result, Kagame has established excellent connections not only with the American military, but also with American intelligence. However, the Americans did not receive any visible benefit from the genocide. Maybe out of love for art?
1994 - first, second Chechen campaigns. Dudayev's militants were trained in CIA training camps in Pakistan and Turkey. Undermining stability in the Middle East, the United States declared the oil riches of the Caspian Sea to be a zone of its vital interests. They, through intermediaries in this zone, helped to hatch the idea of separating the North Caucasus from Russia. People close to them with large bags of money incited Basayev’s gangs to “jihad,” a holy war in Dagestan and other areas where completely normal and peaceful Muslims live. The Chubais group completely controlled the Yeltsin administration and had absolute influence in the Kremlin, representing US interests.
Khattab, bin Laden, Chitigov and many others were trained in the USA.
There is a well-known scandal with the English organization “Helo-Trust”. In theory, the Halo Trust, created in the UK in the late 80s as a charitable non-profit organization, is dedicated to providing assistance in demining areas affected by armed conflicts.
In fact, since 1997, Helo-Trust instructors have trained more than a hundred mine-explosive specialists. The Halo Trust is funded by the UK Department for International Development, the US Department of State, the European Union, the governments of Germany, Ireland, Canada, Japan, Finland, as well as private individuals.
1995 - Mexico. The American government is funding the campaign against the Zapatistas. Under the guise of the “fight against drugs,” there is a struggle for territories that are attractive to American companies. Helicopters with machine guns, rockets and bombs are used to destroy local residents.
1995 - Croatia. Bombing of airfields in the Serbian Krajina before the Croatian advance.
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1996 - On July 17, 1996, TWA Flight 800 exploded in the evening sky near Long Island and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 230 people on board, 125 of whom were U.S. citizens. There is strong evidence that the Boeing was shot down by an American missile. The motivation for this attack has not been established; the main versions include an error during an exercise or the elimination of an unwanted person on board the aircraft.
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1996 - Rwanda. 6,000 civilians are killed by government forces trained and financed by America and South Africa. The Western media ignored this event.
1996 – Congo. The US Department of Defense was covertly involved in the wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). American companies were also involved in Washington's secret operations in the DRC, one of which is associated with former US President George H. W. Bush. Their role is driven by economic interests in mining in the DRC. US special forces trained armed forces of the opposing sides in the DRC. To maintain confidentiality, private military recruiters were used. Washington actively helped the Rwandans and Congolese rebels overthrow dictator Mobutu. The Americans then supported the rebels who went to war against the late DRC President Laurent-Désiré Kabila because “by 1998, the Kabila regime had become a nuisance to the interests of American mining companies.” When Kabila gained support from other African countries, the US changed tactics. American special agents began to train both Kabila's opponents - Rwandans, Ugandans and Burundians, and supporters - Zimbabweans and Namibians.
1997 - Americans staged a series of explosions in Cuban hotels.
1998 - Sudan. The Americans destroy a pharmaceutical plant with a missile attack, claiming that it produces nerve gas. Since this plant produced 90% of the country's medicines, and the Americans naturally banned their import from abroad, the result of the missile attack was the death of tens of thousands of people. There was simply nothing to treat them with.
1998 - 4 days of active bombing of Iraq after inspectors report that Iraq is not cooperative enough.
1998 - Afghanistan. A strike on former CIA training camps used by Islamic fundamentalist groups.
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1999 - Ignoring international law, bypassing the UN and the Security Council, NATO forces launched a 78-day campaign of aerial bombing of the sovereign state of Yugoslavia by the United States. The aggression against Yugoslavia, carried out under the pretext of “preventing a humanitarian disaster,” caused the largest humanitarian disaster in Europe since the Second World War. Over 32,000 sorties, bombs weighing a total of 21 thousand tons were used, which is equivalent to four times the power of the atomic bomb dropped by the Americans on Hiroshima. According to official data alone, more than 2,000 civilians were killed, 6,000 were wounded and mutilated, over a million were left homeless and 2 million without any source of income. Direct economic losses are estimated at $600 billion.
Destructive and lasting damage has been caused to the ecological environment of Yugoslavia, as well as Europe as a whole. From the testimony collected by the International Tribunal for the Investigation of American War Crimes in Yugoslavia, chaired by former US Attorney General Ramsay Clarke, it clearly follows that the CIA created, fully armed and financed gangs of Albanian terrorists (the so-called Kosovo Liberation Army, KLA) in Yugoslavia . In order to finance the KLA gangs, the CIA established a well-organized criminal structure of drug trafficking in Europe.
Before the bombing of Serbia began, the Yugoslav government handed over to NATO a map of objects that were not subject to bombing, because this will cause an environmental disaster. The Americans, with the cynicism characteristic of this nation, began to bomb precisely those objects that were indicated on the Serbian map. For example, they bombed the Pancevo oil refinery complex 6 times. As a result, along with the poisonous gas phosgene formed in huge quantities, 1200 tons of vinyl chloride monomers, 3000 tons of sodium hydroxide, 800 tons of hydrochloric acids, 2350 tons of liquid ammonia and 8 tons of mercury were released into the environment. All this went into the ground. The soil is poisoned. Groundwater, especially in Novi Sad, contains mercury. As a result of NATO's use of bombs with a uranium core, so-called diseases began. "Persian Gulf syndrome", deformed children are born. Western environmentalists, primarily Greenpeace, completely hush up the brutal crimes of the American military in Serbia.
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2000 - coup in Belgrade. The Americans finally overthrew the hated Milosevic.
2001 - invasion of Afghanistan. A typical American program: torture, prohibited weapons, mass extermination of civilians, assurances about the speedy restoration of the country, the use of depleted uranium and, finally, the concocted “proof” of Osama bin Laden’s involvement in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, based on dubious video footage of unintelligible sound and a completely different person from Bin Laden.
2001 - Americans are chasing Albanian terrorists from the Kosovo Liberation Army throughout Macedonia, who were trained and armed by the Americans themselves to fight the Serbs.
2002 - Americans send troops to the Philippines, because... They are afraid of popular unrest there.
2002 - Venezuela, pro-American coup, the opposition illegally removed the popular President Hugo Chavez. The very next day, a popular uprising began in support of the president, Chavez was rescued from prison and returned to office. Now there is a struggle between the government and the American-backed opposition. There is chaos and anarchy in the country. Venezuela, as you might expect, is rich in oil. It is also no secret that Hugo Chavez, the Venezuelan president, is the best friend of Cuban leader Fidel Castro. And Venezuela is one of the few countries that openly criticizes US foreign policy.
2003 - Philippines, American military operation “Enduring Freedom”, the official goal of which is the fight against international terrorism. The bloody conflict with Muslim and communist rebels that has continued for almost forty years in the southern Philippines has already claimed the lives of more than 150 thousand people.
2003 – Iraq War. A military conflict that began with the invasion of Iraq by US forces and its allies to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein. The first operation was codenamed “Iraqi Freedom.” Against this small country, which steadfastly fought for its sovereignty and the lives of its people, in addition to the United States, 48 countries participated in the coalition.
These countries are “Heroes” who replenish the economies of their countries through murder and robbery:
USA - 250,000 people
Australia - 2000 people
Azerbaijan - 250 people
Albania - 240 people
Armenia - 50 people
Bulgaria - 490 people
Bosnia and Herzegovina - 40 tsp
Great Britain - 45,000 people
Hungary - 300 people
Honduras - 370 people
Georgia - 2000 personnel (since August 2003, the contingent was withdrawn in August 2008 due to the conflict in South Ossetia)
Denmark - 550 people
Dominican Republic - 300 tsp
Iceland - 2 people
Spain - 1300 people
Italy - 3200 people
Kazakhstan - 30 people
Latvia - 140 people
Lithuania - 120 people
Macedonia - 80 people
Moldova - 20 people
Mongolia - 180 tsp
Netherlands - 1350 people
Nicaragua - 230 tsp
New Zealand - 60 tsp
Norway - 150 people
Poland - 2500 people
Portugal - 130 people
South Korea - 3600 people
Romania - 730 people
El Salvador - 380 people
Singapore - 160 people
Slovakia - 110 people
Thailand - 420 tsp
Tonga - 60 tsp
Ukraine - 1650 people
Philippines - 50 tsp
Czech Republic - 300 people
Estonia - 40 people
Japan - 600 tsp
This is only the official figure. The true numbers of participants and their losses are traditionally kept silent.
According to partial estimates by the Iraq Body Count project, as of December 2011, 162,000 people had died in Iraq, of which approximately 79 percent were civilians. In the fall of 2010, WikiLeaks published about 400 thousand documents related to the Iraq War. According to them, the losses of Iraqi civilians during the war amounted to about 66,000 people, the losses of militants - about 24,000. A terrible consequence of the Iraq War was an increase in the number of Iraqi children with birth defects.
2003 - armed conflict in Liberia between the country's government and rebel groups in 1999-2003. The war ended with the victory of the rebel groups and the flight of President Charles Taylor from the country. UN peacekeepers were brought into Liberia and an interim government was created. During the war, hundreds of thousands of people died or became refugees.
2003 - Syria. As usually happens, in a fit of passion, the United States begins to destroy not only the victim country (in this case Iraq), but also the surrounding countries.
On June 24, the Pentagon announced that it may have killed Saddam Hussein or his eldest son Uday. According to a senior US military official, a Predator unmanned aircraft struck a suspicious convoy. As it turned out, while pursuing the leaders of the former Iraqi regime, the US military operated in Syria. The US military command acknowledged the fact of a clash with Syrian border guards. Paratroopers were dropped onto the area. The special forces landing was covered from the air by planes and helicopters.
2003 - Coup in Georgia. Assistance to the Georgian opposition was provided through the US Ambassador to Tbilisi, Richard Miles. Miles gained a reputation as a gravedigger of regimes: he was ambassador to Azerbaijan when Heydar Aliyev came to power, to Yugoslavia during the bombings on the eve of the overthrow of Slobodan Milosevic, and to Bulgaria when the heir to the throne, Simeon of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, won the parliamentary elections and eventually headed the government.
In addition to political support, the Americans also provided financial assistance to the opposition. For example, the Soros Foundation allocated $500 thousand to the radical opposition organization Kmara. Soros financed an opposition television channel that played a key role in supporting the Velvet Revolution and provided financial support to the youth organization that led the street protests.”
2004 - Haiti. Anti-government protests continued in Haiti for several weeks. The rebels occupied the main cities of Haiti. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide fled. The assault on the country's capital, Port-au-Prince, was postponed by the rebels at the request of the United States. America sends in troops.
2004 - Attempted coup in Equatorial Guinea, where there are significant oil reserves. British intelligence MI6, the American CIA and the Spanish Secret Service tried to bring 70 mercenaries into the country, who were supposed to overthrow the regime of President Theodore Obisango Nguema Mbasogo with the support of local traitors. The mercenaries were detained, and their leader Mark Thatcher (by the way, the son of Margaret Thatcher) found refuge in the United States.
2004 - pro-American counter-revolution in Ukraine.
2008 - August 8. War in South Ossetia. Georgian aggression against the Republic of South Ossetia, financed and prepared by the United States.
2011 - a series of armed conflicts during the struggle for political power in Libya. The attack on Libya is a military operation of the aggressor countries from NATO (USA, UK, France, Italy and Canada) against the government of Libya and the leader of the Jamahiriya M. Gaddafi, which began on March 19, 2011. Spain, the UAE, Qatar and Turkey also announced their intention to take part in it to one degree or another.
2012-2015 - Conflict in the Central African Republic. Armed conflict between the CAR government and the rebels. The parties to the conflict include the country's Muslim and Christian communities.
2013-The military conflict in Syria was organized by the United States. In logistical terms, anti-government militants were supported by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey, and some other states; the Syrian government was supported by Iran, Russia, North Korea and Venezuela.
2013-Military coup in Egypt. US foreign policy took an active part in the Arab Spring, and the sudden change of power in Cairo was not without the assistance of American “doves of peace.”
2014 - pro-American counter-revolution in Ukraine.
2014-2015 - The armed conflict in Yemen is a civil war between the Houthis (Shiite rebels) on the one hand, and government forces on the other. The US authorities decided on a counter-terrorism operation against al-Qaeda in Yemen. To complete the picture, here are a couple of the most famous Houthi slogans: “Death to America!”; "Death to Israel!"
US troops participated in combat operations in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. Military operations pursued completely different goals.
Korean War. (1950 - 1953) The US was the main part of the UN force tasked with driving back communist North Korean forces that had invaded the southern Korean Peninsula. The main opponents of the American troops were North Korean troops and Chinese “volunteers” (in fact, parts of the regular Chinese army). Hundreds of Soviet military advisers also fought on the side of North Korea. A total of 5.7 million US military personnel took part in the war. US troops lost 36.5 thousand killed, about 103 thousand wounded and shell-shocked. Opponents - about 500 thousand killed and about 1 million wounded. The United States spent $385.6 billion on this war (hereinafter, recalculation in 2001 prices is used).
The Vietnam War. (1961-1975) American troops, together with contingents of the armies of other states, assisted South Vietnam in the war against communist North Vietnam (it was assisted by the USSR, the Warsaw Pact countries and China) and partisans. A total of 8.7 million US military personnel took part in the war. US losses amounted to 58 thousand killed, 153.3 thousand wounded. The North Vietnamese lost 1 million 339 thousand killed. There is no data on the number of wounded. The US spent $826.8 billion on this war.
Peacekeeping operation in Lebanon. (1982-1984) After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon began, an international peacekeeping force arrived in Beirut, whose main task was to stop hostilities between Israelis and Palestinians, Christians and Muslims. The peacekeeping contingent also included 1.9 thousand US Marines. In 1983, militants from the terrorist organization Hezbollah blew up cars with explosives near the peacekeepers' barracks. 263 American infantrymen were killed and 169 were wounded. There is no data on enemy losses. The operation cost the US budget $73.6 million.
Invasion of Grenada. (1983 - 1985) The decision to use military force was made by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. Before this, Grenada began to actively draw closer to Cuba and the USSR; with the help of the Cubans, the construction of military structures began on the island. A total of 8.8 thousand US military personnel took part in the war. During the fighting with the Grenadians, 19 American soldiers were killed and 119 were injured. The enemy lost 70 people killed and 417 wounded. The cost of the operation is $88.6 million.
Invasion of Panama. (1989 - 1990) In 1987, relations between the United States and Panama, on whose territory the Panama Canal, then owned by the United States, is located, became complicated. General Manuel Noriega took power in Panama, accusing the United States of violating treaties on the rules for operating the Canal. The US cut off economic aid to Panama and accused Noriega of personally facilitating the international drug trade. In December 1989, Noriega announced that his country was at war with the United States. After this, US troops began military operations. Noriega was arrested (later an American court sentenced him to life imprisonment). A total of 22.5 thousand US military personnel took part in the war. During the entire conflict, the Americans lost 23 people killed and 324 wounded. The Panamanians lost 345 killed. The cost of the operation was $191. 3 million
War with Iraq. (1990 - 1991) In August 1990, Iraqi troops invaded and captured Kuwait. Iraq immediately announced the annexation of Kuwait. In January 1991, the bombing of Iraq by international coalition forces, the backbone of which was made up of American troops, began, and in February operations by ground forces began. In April 1991, hostilities ceased. A total of 665.5 thousand US military personnel took part in the war. In this war, the United States lost 383 people killed and 467 wounded. Iraqi losses amounted to 40 thousand killed and 100 thousand wounded. The cost of the war is $8.5 billion.
Peacekeeping operation in Somalia. (1992 - 1993) This operation was carried out by international peacekeeping forces following a decision by the UN Security Council to stop the mass deaths of Somalis as a result of the civil war. According to the UN, more than half a million Somalis died in 1992, victims of conflicting clans or starvation. US troops were supposed to ensure the security of humanitarian convoys and, if possible, capture the leaders of armed gangs. A total of 42.6 thousand US military personnel took part in the war. 35 American soldiers were killed and 153 were wounded. There is no exact data on enemy losses. The cost of the war is estimated at $2.4 billion.
Invasion of Haiti. (1993 - 1995) After another military coup in Haiti, the United States established a naval blockade of the island. 21 thousand US military personnel took part in the operation. 4 American military personnel were killed and three were wounded. There is no data on enemy losses. The cost of the operation was $1.8 billion.
Peacekeeping operation in Rwanda. (1992 - 1995) The purpose of the operation was to separate the warring clans and deliver humanitarian supplies. The US contingent amounted to 2.3 thousand people. There were no killed or wounded among the American troops. There is no data on enemy losses. The cost of the operation is $628 million.
Peacekeeping operations in the former Yugoslavia. (1992-2001) A peacekeeping operation in the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia, which aimed to separate the warring parties and provide humanitarian assistance to the civilian population. The operation was carried out by NATO troops, the United States sent 20 thousand troops. During the operation, US troops lost 9 people killed. There is no data on enemy losses. The cost of the operation is estimated at $20.1 billion.
Conflict in Kosovo. (1999) The purpose of the operation is to stop ethnic cleansing in the Yugoslav province of Kosovo. 31.6 thousand people took part in the operation. US troops lost two people killed. Yugoslav troops and police - 1-5 thousand. Cost of the operation is $2.3 billion.
Anti-terrorist and peacekeeping operation in Afghanistan. (2001-2003) The purpose of the operation is to destroy terrorist bases in Afghanistan. The United States deployed 4 thousand soldiers located directly in the country, and 60 thousand people supported them outside Afghanistan. A total of 37 US military personnel were killed during the operation. The total cost of this operation exceeded $4 billion.
Japan:no chance, but we accept the challenge!
Beginning in 1931, the Japanese expanded their conquests to include China. And they got stuck in China. They began to look for a way out, surrounding China from the south in an attempt to isolate it from the outside world. After the defeat of France, the Japanese forced her to agree to the occupation of French Indochina. They put pressure on England to cut off supplies to China through Burma, and Churchill relented.
In response, Roosevelt demanded the withdrawal of Japanese troops from Indochina on July 24, 1941. On July 26, all Japanese assets in US banks were frozen and an embargo was imposed on the export of oil to Japan. England took the same measures. He was followed by the Dutch government in London.
Churchill said: "Japan was at one blow deprived of its most important sources of oil supply."
Everyone was confident that such a paralyzing blow would force Japan either to start a war, which was the only way out of the current situation, or to abandon its policy. If we start a war, then with whom? There was also oil in the Dutch Indies (Indonesia).
Japan tried to negotiate an end to the oil embargo. The United States agreed to the cancellation on the condition that Japan withdraws its troops not only from Indochina, but also from China in general, for which the Japanese have been fighting for ten years! “No government, especially the Japanese, could agree to such humiliating demands and an absolute loss of prestige,” wrote British historian Liddell Hart.
In September 1941, a special commission of the Japanese concluded: the United States produces twenty times more steel than Japan, produces several hundred times more oil, produces five times more aircraft, has a five times larger workforce, Japan's mobilized military potential will be only ten percent American That is, there is no chance of a successful completion of the war! And yet at the imperial conference
On December 1, 1941, taking place in an atmosphere of extreme secrecy, it was decided to start a war with America without a formal declaration of war or preliminary declarations. The Japanese Prime Minister Prince Konoe, talking after a conference with the commander of the fleet, Admiral Yamamoto, hears from the admiral the phrase: “If we receive such an order, then I guarantee heavy battles (according to another version, Yamamoto promised a “chain of victories”) during the first six months , but I’m absolutely not sure what will happen if everything drags on for two or three years.” Everything took a long time. Yamamoto died, clutching a samurai sword to the last in his hands in a burning plane over New Guinea. The Americans did not forgive him for his chain of victories.
Japan's allies and opponents considered different options for possible Japanese actions. Except, perhaps, what happened. This is an example of different mentalities!
USA:
let the Japanese
sit on the fence
and are waiting for developments!
In the USA (1941), rearmament was on a modest scale. They helped England by supplying weapons. The consequences of the Great Depression and the economic crisis of the late 30s made themselves felt in the economy. A full-scale war could provide jobs for all Americans, on the one hand, and, on the other, ensure dominance throughout the world. However, public opinion was largely against entering the war. The Americans considered the war a purely European affair and did not consider it possible to shed their blood in the interests of Britain. Roosevelt was forced, as the president elected by the people, to take this opinion into account. He understood that sooner or later the United States would face Hitler. And, apparently, he was ready to even allow the destruction of the fleet in the Pacific Ocean, in order to change public opinion in favor of intervention in the war. Of course, he never officially spoke about this anywhere. Big politics is very far from morals and ethics. Let us add that this applies to any country.
On July 1, 1941, Roosevelt opined: The Japanese are engaged in a desperate struggle among themselves, trying to decide where they need to jump - attack Russia, attack the southern seas (thus casting lots definitely in favor of an alliance with Germany) or sit on the fence and wait for development events, treating us more friendly. Nobody knows what the chosen direction will be, but it is terribly important for us to maintain peace in the Pacific in order to control the Atlantic. I simply don't have enough naval power to operate on both fronts - and every little episode in the Pacific means fewer ships in the Atlantic.
Was Roosevelt disingenuous or did he not understand the Japanese character? And the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are retribution for what was expected, but did not happen. Most likely he was cunning, he understood and believed that they could not stand it and would attack. Thus, the United States will be unwittingly drawn into the war.
On November 26, 1941, Washington presented Japan with a ten-point document in the form of an ultimatum. In particular, Japan was required to withdraw all troops from China and Indochina. This is the same as demanding surrender without war.
Japan responded on December 7 with an aircraft carrier strike against the US naval base in Hawaii. The Japanese attack took the American fleet by surprise! Didn’t they really think that the Japanese would decide to do this, after everything that was demanded of them?! The losses were heavy. Churchill contacted Roosevelt. “Now we are all in the same boat,” said the American president. US public opinion stirred up and demanded revenge for the shameless, predatory attack!
On December 8, Great Britain declared war on Japan.
England:
madness - for the sake of surprise
Churchill in his memoirs assesses the most dangerous option for England this way: the major American statesmen who surrounded the president and enjoyed his trust were no less keenly aware than I was of the terrible danger that Japan would attack English or Dutch possessions in the Far East and would carefully bypass the United States and that, as a result, Congress will not authorize a declaration of war by America. Regarding Japan's declaration of war on the United States, Churchill says: “It was impossible for a reasonable person to imagine that Japan would agree to declare war. I was sure that such a reckless step on her part would ruin the lives of an entire generation of the Japanese people, and my opinion was completely confirmed. However, madness is a disease that in war gives the advantage of surprise.”
The Japanese chose surprise.
Germany:
Hitler and his staff were amazed
Hitler, as if guessing Churchill’s opinion, through diplomatic channels continued to persuade the Japanese to strike without further delay on Malaya and Singapore, that is, on the most important bases of Britain, without worrying about the United States. These demarches with persuasion began in February and March (1941), that is, before the American oil embargo. Most of all, Hitler wanted Japan to attack England and under no circumstances get involved in a war with the United States. The Germans assured Tokyo that if Japan acted vigorously against Malaya and the Dutch Indies, the Americans would not dare to move. When the Japanese chose to attack the United States and bombed the American fleet in Hawaii, Hitler was extremely shocked. Churchill writes that "Hitler and his staff were astonished." Hitler ordered the submarine fleet to attack American ships even before the official declaration of war on the United States. This was followed by the Japanese offensive in the Pacific. The world split into two opposing coalitions, and the war took on a global character.
Indeed, why Japan
attacked the USA?
The samurai did not find any other way out. The mentality did not allow us to lose our temper and “sit on the fence” when the world is being redivided globally. Could the Mikado government accept the US ultimatum and allow mass samurai harakiri as a protest against surrender without a fight - this expression of public opinion in Japanese. In 1945, similar protests apparently took place on a smaller scale, given the many defeats when the Japanese were driven to their islands and it was clear that the war was lost. They also had their own thoughts about the “crazy”, from a European-American point of view, start of the war. They probably hoped for a quick victory for Germany over the USSR, and then England. Indirectly, Japan, by attacking the United States, diverted forces from helping England and the USSR, thereby helping Germany. The Japanese chose an indirect and downright paradoxical way out of a hopeless situation, that is, they undertook what was least expected of them. They attacked the strongest opponent. And they lost. Without unnecessary pathos, we note that this happened because our people did not break down either in 1941 or 1942 - the most difficult years of the war. Happy Victory Day!