Great and powerful is the Russian language Turgenev. Why is the Russian language great and powerful? “In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not

As they say, the Russian language is great and powerful. Today, many people no longer understand what they are writing, or rather, that they are making a lot of mistakes. But in vain. Still, when you communicate with someone by correspondence or on forums, it is much more pleasant to communicate with a person who does not make mistakes than with someone who wrote “Hello. How are you? I’ll be free today at 9.” Agree that this is not a very pleasant read. But in general, we are not studying the rules of the Russian language here, but I would just like to give some very interesting and entertaining facts about words in the Russian language.

There are just a few words where they go three identical vowels in a row, namely long-necked (short-necked, tortuous) and snake-eater.
The only thing monosyllabic adjective in Russian - Angry.
There are two different words in the Russian language - Indian (native to America) and Indian (resident of India). But in almost all other languages these words are written and pronounced exactly the same.
The word "Take out" has no root.
Only three original Russian words begin with the letter “A”- this is Az, ABC, Avos.
Previously in Rus' obscene and indecent words were called " With ridiculous verbs».
Many English people remember the sentence in Russian “I love you” thanks to three English words that sound similar - “Yellow Blue Bus”.
Longest the fixed noun in Russian is “high excellency” (24 letters), the adverb is the word “unsatisfactory” (19 letters), the longest preposition is “accordingly” (14 letters), the particle is “exclusively” (13 letters), and the longest verb - “to be re-examined.”
Many people still argue How to correctly pronounce the verb “Win” first person. Will I win? Or will I win? There are no such words, but philologists suggest replacing this word with “I will become a winner.”
Almost all words containing the letter “F” are borrowed. A.S. Pushkin was very proud that in his “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” the letter “F” appears in just one word - Fleet.
It is believed that there are no words starting with the letter “Y”. But that's not true. Many geographical names (cities, rivers) begin with this letter (Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt).
Now many people do not attach importance to the letter “E”, but because of this trifle another word can turn out - case and case, donkey and donkey, everything and everything, sky and palate, perfect and perfect, etc.
There are no such words as “NO” and “THEY”.
The word “Umbrella” came to us from Holland initially in a diminutive form, and only later they began to use the simple word “Umbrella”.
The words “Dress” and “Put on” are two different words. They dress another person, but put it on themselves. To make it easier to remember, we came up with this short memo: “They put on Nadezhda, but they put on clothes.”
In Cyrillic, the letter “X” was pronounced as “Her”, which is where the word “poherit” came from, which meant “to cross out on paper”, and only later did this word acquire its modern meaning of “Lose”.

Have you ever wondered why the Russian language is powerful and great? Of course, there are many versions... But why Russian?

Why not English, which is spoken by almost half the planet. After all, it is the English language that is assigned the status of an international language. The format of all international forums and conferences, as well as documentation, is officially in English. But the Russian language is still considered great and powerful.

Or take other languages - Chinese with more than 50,000 hieroglyphs. Chinese is incredibly difficult to learn. The Chinese themselves mostly know about 8,000 hieroglyphs - for normal communication, reading and understanding each other - this is quite enough. The Chinese language is complex, one of the most ancient languages, and its speakers are more than 1.4 billion people, but with all due respect to the Chinese, it is not powerful or great...

Did you know that the Chinese language has extremely simple grammar: verbs are not conjugated, there are no genders, and even the familiar concept of the plural is not here. Punctuation is present only at the most primitive level, and phrases are constructed strictly according to certain structures.

If it were not for the crazy pronunciation and the huge number of hieroglyphs, then Chinese would be one of the simplest languages... No, the Chinese language is in no way powerful or great.
Japanese language. For me - one of the most complex - more than 150,000 hieroglyphs. Think about these numbers. It seems that to learn Japanese you need to be calm, like the philosopher Confucius, and inquisitive, like Leo Tolstoy. Japanese is a very difficult language, more so than Chinese and English. But at the same time, Japanese is a language with quirks.

Few people know, but there are very few affectionate words in the Japanese language. This is why the Japanese take twice as long to say something.

At least in this parameter alone he cannot be compared with the great and mighty Russian!

So, I am absolutely convinced that such factors as international recognition, the ancient history of the language, difficulty in learning, borrowing, and many, many other things do not in any way secure the right of a language to be called great and powerful! It's difficult to prove, but I'll try.

In general, the phrase “great, mighty Russian language” first came into use in 1882. Its author, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, passionately loved his native language. Taking the necessary phrases out of context is not entirely correct, so I will quote the classic’s thought in the meaning in which he expressed it:

“In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”

These are not words of despair or fanatically blind worship, and this was not said for the sake of words. Ivan Sergeevich had reason to call things by their proper names. His acquaintance with Pushkin, Lermontov, Zhukovsky, Nekrasov, Belinsky, Herzen, his life abroad, his experience and acquaintance with Western culture, art, literature; his vision and understanding of life and longing for his homeland... - all of the above gave him a special right to speak as he saw fit, as he thought and thought.

Turgenev liked life in the West. He accepted it, and his life in Paris was much better than in Russia, but renouncing the Russian language and writing his novels in French or English was out of the question. It was Turgenev who was the mouthpiece of Russian culture in the world, an ardent propagandist of Russian literature in the West. From the height of his years, the writer firmly believed that the Russian language was given exclusively to the great people. Turgenev understood all the strength and richness of the Russian language - its flexibility, euphony, versatility.

Indeed, the Russian language is beautiful and melodic, and cannot be compared with any other. No other language in the world contains such a variety of shades of meaning.

The genius of the Russian language lies in the fact that with the help of word forms, epithets and figures of speech it is easy to convey the slightest nuances in descriptions and create colorful images. “You can do wonders with the Russian language,”- wrote another genius of the word K. Paustovsky. He was convinced that “there is nothing in life and in our consciousness that cannot be conveyed in the Russian word. The sound of music, the spectral brilliance of colors, the play of light, the noise and shadow of gardens, the vagueness of sleep, the heavy rumble of a thunderstorm, the whisper of children and the rustle of sea gravel. There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.”

Nothing is impossible in the Russian language. In Russian, you can write a story in which all words begin with the same letter. There are many such examples. We have already published one of them - a story starting with the letter “P”.

And Russian swearing, profanity, obscenity, Russian swearing. We even swear with complex and untranslatable phrases for the West. Sometimes Russian swearing gave us a significant advantage - take the years of the Great Patriotic War, for example. The German cryptographers could not understand what the Soviet troops would do, because, at times, orders and commands were pronounced in purely Russian language. In the USSR, there were secretly two international languages - Russian and swearing. All countries of the socialist camp spoke and understood Russian. By the way, in no country in the world is there explanatory dictionary of criminal jargons. Think about it! Not one! This is not a reason to be proud, but it is a fact of life.

And Russian humor in literature. Take a volume of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - the most translated Russian writer in the world. And read the sarcasm of the “dissident” Dovlatov. And Gilyarovsky, Averchenko, Kuprin are people with a rich sense of humor.

The Russian language is vast! The vocabulary of the Russian language is really large. An ordinary Russian-speaking person does not use even a fifth of all words existing in the language. At the same time, there are many borrowings from other languages, which are also considered part of the Russian vocabulary. But even if we do not take into account modern foreign words (ancient Greek, Latin and other borrowings are not considered as such), the Russian language is still vast.

The idea expressed in Russian is no less complex. Much often depends on intonation, word order, and punctuation marks. “Execution cannot be pardoned” is remembered by all Russian-speaking people from their school years, and this example extremely successfully demonstrates this difference.

It is for these reasons that the Russian language was called great and powerful, but these words have not yet lost their significance. Russian is one of the richest languages in the world, and at the same time one of the most complex. He has a great past, but also an equally great future.

And instead of a conclusion, a few funny examples found on the Internet confirming the greatness and richness of the Russian language:

Doctor of Philological Sciences Igor MILOSLAVSKY, Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov.

To remain great and powerful, a language must have the ability to respond to all phenomena of life, constantly expanding its vocabulary with new concepts. Is it correct to say that creativity has been preserved in the Russian language to this day?

Science and life // Illustrations

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

In our society there are many different mythological ("not corresponding to reality") ideas, which, however, are very firmly rooted in people's minds. Many mythological ideas also relate to such a phenomenon as the Russian language. We are, of course, not talking about private issues relating, for example, to the origin, spelling or pronunciation of this or that word. And in understanding the questions about 1) why language exists; 2) how, why and for what purpose it changes, albeit rather slowly, and to what extent such changes can be conscious; 3) what goals are faced by a person learning his native language, and what is the hierarchy of these goals.

On all these issues, either false or confused ideas have formed in the minds of not only the “man on the street,” but even the authors of many school textbooks on the Russian language.

Myth one: language is a system that requires learning for its own sake. It is this idea that underlies, in particular, the teaching of various kinds of school discussions. Giving definitions of how, for example, words are formed build, meadow or to land(actually - prefixal, suffixal and suffixal-prefixal), we in no way go beyond the boundaries of those units that are distinguished in the language itself (prefixes and suffixes). Defining words tables, sleighs, perfumes as plural nouns, we do absolutely the right thing by operating within the bounds of grammar. After all, all these words not only have endings indicating “plurality”, but also require plural forms from other words associated with them, that is good, old, strong etc., and not good, old, strong; good, old, strong; good, old, strong.

But what is grammatically identical is completely different in content. Word tables reports that tables more than one word sled, naming the item being counted, does not report anything about the real number of sleighs, just like the word perfume` about the amount of the corresponding substance. Determining the case of nouns in phrases Ivan is having fun, tell Ivan, go to Ivan absolutely true as a dative, we lose sight of the fact that in the first example the subject of the state is so designated, in the second the addressee of the action, and in the third the direction of movement. In a sentence The order was signed by the director director is the subject, and the order is an object, but in a sentence The order was signed by the director- everything is the other way around: the order is the subject, and the director is the complement. However, behind the fundamental grammatical differences lies the designation of the same situation in both cases.

In fact, language is not a system of value in itself, but a system of designating reality. It requires study not in itself, but primarily as a means of naming facts, phenomena, properties, processes that take place in reality.

Language is a system of signs. And a sign, as we know, certainly has at least two sides: form and content. And if the form of linguistic signs is, first of all, sounds (for oral speech) and letters (for written speech), then the content of linguistic signs is the reality around us. Moreover, it includes not only what can be perceived by the senses, but also people’s ideas about this reality, its assessment, human fantasies, etc.

Hence the conclusion - the more phenomena and aspects of reality a particular language can denote, the better for the people who use this language. Otherwise: the more words in a language that have different meanings, the better. Thus, language can be compared to a mirror reflecting some space.

Of course, you can study the mirror itself, its design, mounting, etc., which, without a doubt, is of significant interest to mirror manufacturers and to those who repair mirrors. However, a disproportionately larger number of people are interested in another question - how well our mirror reflects space. Are there dark places or dead zones in the image, inadequate magnification or reduction, does the mirror bend what is being imaged, and if so, what exactly, where and how?

It is quite obvious that different languages, depending on the characteristics of the lives of the people who speak them, reflect different aspects of life more fully or more poorly. A textbook example is the example of dozens of names for different types of snow in the languages of peoples involved in reindeer herding. Indeed, for this type of activity, the quality of snow is of great importance, since it is it that determines the possibility or impossibility of movement, obtaining food, housing, and even preserving the lives of both people and animals. In the languages of those peoples who have not been involved in scientific and technological innovation, it is in vain to look for words and terms of modern science, for example, nanotechnology. When there were no market economic relations in Russia, words such as franchise, broker, tolling, and many others. And the word itself businessman meant almost the same thing as speculator and had only a negative evaluative component.

Currently, according to very rough estimates, the dictionaries of the English literary language contain about 400 thousand words, German - about 250 thousand, Russian - about 150 thousand. Of course, the question of the number of words in a literary language is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Firstly, many words, with absolutely identical form, do not correspond to a single phenomenon of external reality. If these phenomena are very far from each other, this phenomenon is usually called homonymy ( braid- a tool, hair, a piece of land). If they are close, we have before us the phenomenon of polysemy (cf. long sitting- And comfortable seats, saw the school and went through a lot of school). Differences in terms of content, despite the external identity, require that all these given meanings be considered different words.

On the other hand, in the Russian language, for example, there are many words that are far from each other in form, but whose meanings are absolutely identical ( look And look, throw And throw everywhere And everywhere, booger And bug). These pairs of words should be considered one word, since there are no differences in the reflected reality behind their opposition. Such cases should not be confused with the true richness of language - with synonymy. This is the name for contrasts of words, behind which there are either real differences in the denoted ( smile - laugh - laugh, wet - wet, elections - referendum), or differences in the author's subjective assessment ( scout - spy, thrifty - stingy, stability - stagnation) or in the nature of the relationship with the interlocutor ( kidnap - steal - steal, spouse - wife - woman, toilet - restroom - toilet).

However, regardless of the nature of the calculations, it becomes obvious that in terms of the number of words - and most importantly, the rate of their increase in recent decades - the Russian language lags behind other world languages, and primarily from the leading world language today - English. Recognition of this obvious fact encroaches on yet another myth regarding the Russian language. That our language is so rich and great that it can only evoke pride, respect and admiration. There are no weaknesses or imperfections in him. Let me remind you of those statements based on which we developed this myth.

« Charles the Fifth, the Roman Emperor, used to say that it is decent to speak Spanish with God, French with friends, German with enemies, Italian with women. But if he were skilled in the Russian language, then, of course, he would have added that it is decent for them to speak with all of them, for he would have found in him the MAGNIFICENCE of Spanish, the VIVILITY of French, the STRENGTH of German, the TENDERNESS of Italian, in addition to the richness and strength in the images BRIEFS of the Greek and Latin languages" (discharge I.M.)

(M. V. Lomonosov)

“In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland - you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that SUCH a language was not given to a great people!” ( discharge I.M.).

(I. S. Turgenev)

However, let us not forget that these and other high and fair assessments cannot be mechanically transferred to the Russian language of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, if only because the language must constantly respond to the challenges of reality, which is daily enriched with new artifacts, intellectual ideas and assessments, social and other innovations.

As you know, many phenomena that appear in life are named in Russian using borrowed words or roots. In this regard, it is useful to remember P. A. Vyazemsky, who argued that “the Russian language is like a rich man who has gold bars in his basement, but often does not have two kopecks for a cab driver... You will inevitably borrow from the first person you meet.”

In fact, in the Russian language you can find not only, so to speak, “extra” words, that is, those that mean the same phenomenon in different ways. At the same time, it is not difficult to discover “sections” of reality that clearly require filling, but the words necessary for this are missing. I will give examples.

What do you call the feeling that a person experiences when he hears fair criticism of one of his family or friends? Of course, protest, anger, indignation, indignation. And if it is clear that the criticism is fair, the experiences that arise turn out to be more complex and contradictory, but there is no suitable word to describe them. ( Mixed feelings is too broad a name.)

Traveling by transport without a ticket - hare. And who is the holder of a balcony ticket trying to occupy the empty seats in the front rows of the stalls? There seems to be no appropriate word for this very common situation. We have a word envy. It denotes a situation where X has A, and Y, who does not have A, has bad feelings towards X. They talk about black envy when Y's bad feelings towards X reach the point of X's desire for the most terrible misfortunes. But there is white envy when Y simply also wants to have what X has, without experiencing any bad feelings towards X. Let us imagine, however, another, very real situation, when X has A, and Y, without having A , is glad about this, because he considers this situation fair. “X is happy for Y” denotes the situation inaccurately, since in such a designation there is no A, which Y has and the other participant does not have. We are hardly able to outline the situation under discussion briefly and precisely.

Let me also remind you of the not always desirable ambiguity that arises, for example, when using the words Can or must. It is often unclear to us whether we are talking about moral or physical aspects. Or about the ambiguity about the duration of action associated with many imperfective verbs. " He's lazy- morally? Physically? At the moment? At some point? Always? " He is dancing" - At the moment? Often?

In short, Russian, like any other language, with all its obvious and undeniable advantages, is by no means an ideal mirror designed to reflect reality. Our mirror contains not only “extra” parts, but also some dark areas.

A special topic is the words-terms of the latest research in the field of natural sciences. There, domestic scientists either simply write English words in Russian letters or translate them literally. Without thinking that in this way they unconditionally fall into the wake of the concepts of other scientists. After all, different languages can divide reality in slightly different ways, revealing some facets in it in one case, and other facets in another. For example, the English word oil denotes both petroleum and vegetable fats (but not animal fats, for which there is a word butter). And the Russian word oil denotes fats of any origin, vegetable and animal, but not oil, for which there is a special word. By unconditionally accepting foreign language terminology, we not only fully accept the corresponding view of this area, but also exclude any other vision of our own.

This inattention to the content side of the linguistic sign is based on the third myth regarding the Russian language. According to this myth, mastery of one’s native language consists of observing formal spelling and punctuation norms when writing and orthoepic norms when speaking. Indeed, compliance with norms is a very important indicator of human culture. One of the State Duma deputies directly stated that the means of determining a person’s culture for him is whether he pronounces precedent or precedent, calling or rings.

All of our language teaching is focused on the ability to apply the rules of spelling and punctuation. Why determine the gender of a noun? And then to write b after hissing sounds in feminine words and do not write it in masculine words. Why be able to identify prefixes, roots and suffixes in words? Then, in particular, that the rules of writing s or and after ts in roots - one, and in suffixes and endings - another. Why separate simple sentences from complex ones, and within the latter, separate composed and subordinate ones? And then, it is precisely this opposition that determines the placement of punctuation marks. I note that the same situation can be more or less adequately designated formally in different ways: “It started to rain, and we returned - We returned because it rained - We returned because of the rain.”

The conviction that knowledge of the native Russian language is precisely the ability to write without errors has penetrated so deeply that the leaders of a number of regions proposed introducing a dictation for officials as an exam in the Russian language.

It is useful, however, to think about what kind of real-life situation of language use is modeled by dictation. If we need to save or reproduce any text, then we will most likely turn to a photocopier (for written text) or a voice recorder (for spoken text). It is unlikely that we will write down this text ourselves, worrying primarily, if not exclusively, about the absence of spelling or punctuation errors in the recording. Without in any way detracting from the cultural value of the ability to write without errors, I will turn to such sources as, for example, letters to relatives from the front. We will evaluate these poignant human documents in the last place from the point of view of spelling and punctuation. The same can be said about the manuscripts of many wonderful Russian writers. The strength of their texts does not lie in the fact that all commas are in their places, like unstressed vowels, unpronounceable consonants, soft and hard signs, etc. and so on.

In fact, the level of proficiency in one’s native literary language is determined by a person’s ability to accurately and completely understand everything he reads or hears, as well as his ability to express absolutely accurately his own thoughts and feelings, depending on the conditions and recipient of communication. Obviously, compliance with normative rules is essential only when creating your own written and oral texts. And no matter how important it is for the characteristics of the writer and speaker to observe normative rules, such compliance can never be the goal and meaning of communication. The purpose and meaning of communication is to designate reality and convey one’s ideas about it to the addressee. Compliance (or non-compliance) with language norms only facilitates (or complicates) the process of communication, embeds (or does not embed) it into the corresponding cultural tradition.

So, we must distinguish, on the one hand, the developing ability of an individual person to best understand what is said or written by another, as well as to best express his own thoughts and feelings. And on the other hand, the possibilities that the corresponding language, its lexical composition and grammatical structure provide for such an expression.

The Russian literary language was formed mainly by the middle of the 19th century. Its formation took place under the influence of three forces: the active linguistic creativity of the people - native speakers of the Russian language, the efforts of professional philologists, as well as the creativity of outstanding Russian writers. At the same time, many remarkable figures of Russian culture, for example N.M. Karamzin, acted simultaneously as philologists and writers. A special role in the creation of the Russian literary language belongs to A. S. Pushkin, whose merit, according to Academician V. V. Vinogradov, is that he “opened the floodgates” into the literary language for many words that previously belonged only to folk speech. I will add that the genius of A. S. Pushkin lies, first of all, in his ability to choose, every time, exactly those words that most accurately reflect the author’s thought and are most appropriate in a given situation. A remarkable monument to the same era was the dictionary of the living Great Russian language created by V. I. Dahl. However, with all the reverent attitude towards the work of V.I. Dal, one can hardly consider this source to be at least somewhat adequately reflecting the Russian (Russian) reality of the beginning of the 21st century.

V. I. Dahl’s contemporaries not only introduced into the literary language the words from popular speech necessary to adequately reflect reality, but also themselves invented the words necessary for this purpose. For example, in the word industry we are obliged to N.M. Karamzin, in a word fade away, as is commonly believed, F. M. Dostoevsky, the creation of the word intelligentsia It is customary to attribute it to P.D. Boborykin, but it recently turned out that V.A. Zhukovsky used it in his diary for 1836. Word gag invented by K. P. Bryullov. Under the critical supervision of specialist philologists, the literary language was enriched both through folk speech and thanks to the efforts of cultural figures with new words that closed those gaps (or holes) in the designation of the multifaceted and changeable reality that speech practice revealed in it.

The active creation of new words at the beginning of the 20th century is associated, first of all, with the names of V. Khlebnikov and V. Mayakovsky. However, the “new” art was not so concerned with giving names to the unnamed. His goal more often was to find a new, more emotional, unworn name for something that already had its own name. And academic philological science under the Soviet regime focused almost exclusively on formal, normative aspects related to spelling, punctuation and spelling. The study of the phonetic side of linguistic signs has led scientists to the extremely important conclusion that their normative recommendations must necessarily correspond to the trends that exist in the language system itself. In this regard, let us return to the orthoepic requirement to pronounce It's calling, but not Ringing, who with such difficulty infiltrated into society. The fact is that most Russian verbs with an infinitive ending in a stressed -th, in personal forms the emphasis is transferred to the root: to mow - mows, to love - loves, to wear - wears and many others. Moreover, the tendency towards such a “transfer” of emphasis is very aggressive. A. S. Pushkin also wrote: “The stove pot is more valuable to you, you feed yourself in it cook" Now we only talk vArish. The verb also came under the influence of this trend call, which until the end of the 19th century meant primarily the sound of church bells. With the advent of telephones and electric bells, this same verb received new, everyday meanings, significantly expanding the scope of its use, but retaining its belonging to the church sphere. It was the latter that did not allow philologists to recognize pronunciation as the norm Ringing which was in conflict with tradition. In these circumstances, as it now appears, it would be advisable not to categorically insist on a tradition that is in conflict with the development trends of the phonetic system of the Russian language, but to make a more flexible decision. Require pronunciation It's calling in relation to church bells and allow Ringing only in relation to the domestic sphere (at the door, on the phone, etc.).

Now that, it seems, almost everyone has become accustomed, albeit with great difficulty, to speaking in all cases It's calling, there is no turning back. However, this example is instructive; it shows what consequences the more or less reasonable normative recommendations of philologists entail.

Let's return from orthoepy to words as a means of denoting reality. In Soviet times, the vocabulary of the Russian language expanded mainly due to words and expressions introduced by political figures and replicated in a completely censored press and radio: Stakhanovite, five-year plan, shock worker, collective farm, Bolshevik, lack of ideas, catch up and overtake, bourgeois morals, warmonger, struggle for peace, harvest, quality etc. and so on. Following the changes taking place in our reality, such words as, for example, turned out to be unclaimed mercy, decency, compassion, beneficence, kindness and so on. Linguistic creativity continued only among the masses. And academic philological science, invigorated by the “brilliant works of Comrade Stalin on issues of linguistics,” continued to focus almost exclusively on issues of normative, formal correctness.

Meanwhile, life moved forward, science and technology developed, relationships between people changed, becoming more complex in some places and primitivizing in others, and assessments of certain phenomena changed. Ideally, the Russian language should have tried to keep up with all these changes, giving new phenomena the appropriate designations. Some writers have done just that. A.I. Solzhenitsyn, for example, introduced the word education to designate that large layer of our contemporaries who, possessing documents of higher education, occupy positions corresponding to these documents, but in reality are deprived of both education itself and a sense of responsibility for the fate of the Motherland. So the word education turned out to be the opposite of the word intelligentsia. In general, the distinction in life between the true and the aggressively imitative gave a powerful impetus to the linguistic opposition: to earn money - weld, cut, live - under plywood, and pretend (felt boots, hose etc.), mow under (sick, tough etc. The Minister of Education of the Russian Federation A. A. Fursenko speaks about the same thing, distinguishing between a specialist and a person with a specialist diploma.

A very necessary word mankurt Our other outstanding contemporary, Ch. T. Aitmatov, enriched the Russian language by giving this name to a person who, after a powerful external influence on his psyche, forgot about his past and the past of his ancestors, at the same time becoming an obedient slave of his master. Recently, this word has been used very widely, retaining in its content only information about the loss of memory of ancestors and losing important parts that indicate that this, firstly, did not happen on its own, but as a result of external intervention and, secondly, secondly, this change turned a person into a slave of his master.

Let me point out another recently invented word: Vaskism. According to some sources, it was invented by academician L. Abalkin, according to others - E. Yevtushenko, the third version attributes it to B. Yesin. We really need a word that would briefly and succinctly designate the situation when X commits illegal actions, and Y, who has the opportunity to stop these actions of X, for unclear (maybe selfish) reasons does not take any real actions against X, limiting himself to only verbal reprimands. This is precisely the situation described by I. A. Krylova in the fable “The Cat and the Cook.” We need a word to denote such a phenomenon, because we encounter it in the fight against corruption, compliance with environmental legislation, preservation of historical monuments, and so on. However, in my opinion, it is unclear how successful the connection with only the cat is here. Vaska. In this situation, so familiar to us, it would be necessary to specifically identify each of its participants: an arrogant criminal, confident (for what reasons?) of his impunity, and an inactive person (for what reasons? - inability, stupidity, self-interest, something else) responsible for maintaining order.

Many words necessary to denote the phenomena of reality continue to be born in the depths of the living, spoken folk language. For example, the word freebie, having not just the same meaning as words for free or for nothing, but also communicating some moral or legal dubiousness to the action.

Or a word have fun, meaning: “to completely indulge in the joys of life after hard work.” In verbs relax, have fun, relax there is no such combination of the components of “completeness” and “compensatory” pleasant state.

However, our academic philological science is in no hurry to give these neologisms the status of full-fledged words of the Russian literary language. They still bear the stamp of some reduction, if not vulgarity. But at the same time, these and similar words are needed; without them it is difficult to express one’s thoughts with the required degree of accuracy.

The latest borrowings should be assessed accordingly. Criminal showdown(also a new and necessary word!) made the word necessary killer- secret assassin. This word does not mean the same thing as murderer(it can be random, and not secret, and not hired). And not the same as the word executioner(he is also hired, but not necessarily secret). Equally inappropriate are protests against the word image, argued by the presence of the word image. The fact is that an image is a more or less objective idea of something or someone. A image- a deliberately embellished idea of someone or something. Compare, for example, the meaning of phrases image of Onegin And Onegin's image.

In other words, our great and mighty Russian language must be “alive, like life,” and therefore, constantly replenished with new words and new meanings of old words, thus responding to the rapidly changing reality. Given the leading role of folk linguistic creativity and especially the efforts of outstanding contemporary cultural figures, this work requires guiding recommendations, coordination, and evaluation. This is precisely the place that academic and university science about the Russian language should take, legitimizing what expands and clarifies the MEANING of modern reality, and protecting society from vulgarity, vulgarity and rudeness.

Even in post-Soviet Russia, the authorities tried to somehow pay attention to the Russian language. Under B. N. Yeltsin, a presidential council for the Russian language was created, now demoted in status, perhaps because it did not show effective initiatives. Yes, 2007 was declared the year of the Russian language, and it remained in memory only thanks to various festivals, congresses, competitions, and publications dedicated to the Russian language. As a result of all these activities and parties(alas, I don’t know a stylistically neutral word to denote meetings of various levels and types!) it became absolutely clear that all efforts were aimed exclusively at the QUANTITATIVE dissemination of the Russian language. And this is absolutely correct and understandable. The more people in the world, and especially in our neighboring countries, use the Russian language, the ultimately better it will be for our economy, for our politics, and for our culture.

It is, however, necessary to seriously and purposefully take care of the QUALITY of the modern Russian literary language. Understanding by quality not only formal normative correctness, but the ability to accurately and completely name the most diverse phenomena and aspects of the rapidly changing surrounding reality. The existence of intelligible and clear names, of course, does not guarantee a person’s harmonious relationship with this reality, but it is an absolutely necessary (although not sufficient) condition for achieving such a relationship.

Have you ever wondered why the Russian language is powerful and great? There are, of course, many versions... But why Russian? Why not English, which is spoken by almost half the planet.

After all, it is for English language has secured the status of an international language. The format of all international forums and conferences, as well as documentation, is officially in English. But the Russian language is still considered great and powerful.

More examples. Chinese- more than 50,000 hieroglyphs. It's incredibly difficult to learn. The Chinese themselves mostly know about 8,000 characters. For normal communication, reading and understanding each other, this is quite enough. The Chinese language is complex, one of the most ancient languages, and its speakers are more than 1.4 billion people, but with all due respect to the Chinese, it is not powerful or great...

Did you know that the Chinese language has extremely simple grammar: verbs are not conjugated, there are no genders, and even the familiar concept of the plural is not here. Punctuation is present only at the most primitive level, and phrases are constructed strictly according to certain structures.

If it were not for the crazy pronunciation and the huge number of hieroglyphs, then Chinese would be one of the simplest languages... No, the Chinese language is not powerful or great.

Japanese language. For me - one of the most complex - more than 150,000 hieroglyphs. Think about these numbers. It seems that to learn Japanese you need to be calm, like the philosopher Confucius, and inquisitive, like Leo Tolstoy. Japanese is a very difficult language, more difficult than Chinese and English. But at the same time, Japanese is a language with quirks.

Few people know that there are very few affectionate words in the Japanese language. This is why the Japanese take twice as long to say something.

At least in this parameter alone he cannot be compared with the great and mighty Russian!

So, I am absolutely convinced that such factors as international recognition, the ancient history of the language, difficulty in learning, borrowing and much, much more do not in any way secure the right of a language to be called great and powerful! It's difficult to prove, but I'll try.

In general, the phrase “great, mighty Russian language” first came into use in 1882. Its author, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, passionately loved his native language. Without taking the necessary phrases out of context, I will quote the classic’s thought in the meaning in which he expressed it:

“In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”

Ivan Turgenev

Turgenev liked life in the West. He accepted it, and his life in Paris was much better than in Russia, but to renounce the Russian language and write his novels in French or English was out of the question.

It was Turgenev who was the mouthpiece of Russian culture in the world, an ardent propagandist of Russian literature in the West. From the height of his years, the writer firmly believed that the Russian language was given exclusively to the great people. Turgenev understood all the strength and richness of the Russian language - its flexibility, euphony, versatility.

Indeed, the Russian language is beautiful and melodic, and cannot be compared with any other. No other language in the world contains such a variety of shades of meaning.

“You can do wonders with the Russian language”

The genius of the Russian language lies in the fact that with the help of word forms, epithets and figures of speech it is easy to convey the slightest nuances in descriptions and create colorful images. “You can do wonders with the Russian language”, - wrote another genius of the word K. Paustovsky. He was convinced that “there is nothing in life and in our consciousness that cannot be conveyed in the Russian word. The sound of music, the spectral brilliance of colors, the play of light, the noise and shadow of gardens, the vagueness of sleep, the heavy rumble of a thunderstorm, the whisper of children and the rustle of sea gravel. There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.”

And Russian swearing, profanity, obscenity, Russian swearing. We even swear with complex and untranslatable phrases for the West. Sometimes Russian swearing gave us a significant advantage - take, for example, the years of the Great Patriotic War. The German cryptographers could not understand what the Soviet troops would do, because, at times, orders and commands were pronounced in purely Russian language. In the USSR, there were secretly two international languages - Russian and obscene. All countries of the socialist camp spoke and understood Russian. By the way, in no country in the world is there explanatory dictionary of criminal jargons. Think about it! Not one! This is not a reason to be proud, but it is a fact of life.

The Russian language is vast!

The vocabulary of the Russian language is really large. An ordinary Russian-speaking person does not use even a fifth of all words existing in the language. At the same time, there are many borrowings from other languages, which are also considered part of the Russian vocabulary. But even if we do not take into account modern foreign words (ancient Greek, Latin and other borrowings are not considered as such), the Russian language is still vast.

And instead of a conclusion, a few funny examples found on the Internet confirming the greatness and richness of the Russian language:

I WILL PRESENT the theme, I HANDLE the strings:
Let's drink TO THE LADIES, and also TO THE VIRGINS!

Sometimes I look in the mirror and whine:
I would like to see myself as DIFFERENT...

WE SPOKE WITH THE EX-MINISTER
About how harmful SEX MINISTERS is...

I'm looking for a photo LENS, BUT -
Please give me another one,
So that it reflects OBJECTIVELY
Me skinny and young!

Understanding ladies' quirks,
Please take note, gentlemen:
Sometimes the words “GET OUT OF HERE”
Means "IDIOT, HERE"!

Get to the coveted throne
One cartridge will help me.
Here's a plan, reliable and simple:
I need a cartridge. Idle!

Apparently, the Creator made a mistake,
Having provided men with a distorted picture,
And, looking at the dressed Makha,
A man sees Maha naked...

Wagging his tail and mane as he walked,
I walk through life at a playful pace,
But keep in mind that it will be discourteous
Honor me for this in the tail and mane.

Yesterday I sat at a TABLE WITH A TOTAL -
Known womanizer and alcoholic,
I wanted to say a lot to me, TOLIKA,
But I only said a little to LIK.

And I am a young and unripe singer,
And I haven’t sung my best song yet,
Slightly shy, timid, TIME,
And I DID NOT DARE to say loud words...

Not very OLDER yet,
But still I LIVED in the world,
And if a poem is composed,
There is gunpowder! At least the powder...

I dream, like many of the ladies,
That I will someday PUBLISH a book,

Here it is, the complex Russian language:

♦ Touched - to the point.

♦ And it’s wild to me - come to me.

♦ I was crippled while I was being treated.

♦ We are married - we are on first name terms.

♦ You are a foal - you are a child.

♦ Awkward things - I carry different things.

♦ If he needs it, his wife will get it for him.

♦ You have to wait - you have to give.

Have you ever wondered why the Russian language is powerful and great? Of course, there are many versions... But why Russian? Why not English, which is spoken by almost half the planet. After all, it is for English language has secured the status of an international language. The format of all international forums and conferences, as well as documentation, is officially in English. But the Russian language is still considered great and powerful.

Did you know that the Chinese language has extremely simple grammar: verbs are not conjugated, there are no genders, and even the familiar concept of the plural is not here. Punctuation is present only at the most primitive level, and phrases are constructed strictly according to certain structures.

If it were not for the crazy pronunciation and the huge number of hieroglyphs, then Chinese would be one of the simplest languages... No, the Chinese language is in no way powerful or great.

Japanese language. For me - one of the most complex - more than 150,000 hieroglyphs. Think about these numbers. It seems that to learn Japanese you need to be calm, like the philosopher Confucius, and inquisitive, like Leo Tolstoy. Japanese is a very difficult language, more so than Chinese and English. But at the same time, Japanese is a language with quirks.

Few people know, but there are very few affectionate words in the Japanese language. This is why the Japanese take twice as long to say something.

At least in this parameter alone he cannot be compared with the great and mighty Russian!

“In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”

Turgenev liked life in the West. He accepted her, and his life in Paris was much better than in Russia, but renouncing the Russian language and writing his novels in French or English was out of the question. It was Turgenev who was the mouthpiece of Russian culture in the world, an ardent propagandist of Russian literature in the West. From the height of his years, the writer firmly believed that the Russian language was given exclusively to the great people. Turgenev understood all the strength and richness of the Russian language - its flexibility, euphony, versatility.

Indeed, the Russian language is beautiful and melodic, and cannot be compared with any other. No other language in the world contains such a variety of shades of meaning.

The genius of the Russian language lies in the fact that with the help of word forms, epithets and figures of speech it is easy to convey the slightest nuances in descriptions and create colorful images. “You can do wonders with the Russian language”, - wrote another genius of the word K. Paustovsky. He was convinced that “there is nothing in life and in our consciousness that cannot be conveyed in the Russian word. The sound of music, the spectral brilliance of colors, the play of light, the noise and shadow of gardens, the vagueness of sleep, the heavy rumble of a thunderstorm, the whisper of children and the rustle of sea gravel. There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.”

Nothing is impossible in the Russian language. In Russian, you can write a story in which all words begin with the same letter. There are many such examples.

And Russian swearing, profanity, obscenity, Russian swearing. We even swear with complex and untranslatable phrases for the West. Sometimes Russian swearing gave us a significant advantage - take, for example, the years of the Great Patriotic War. The German cryptographers could not understand what the Soviet troops would do, because, at times, orders and commands were pronounced in purely Russian language. In the USSR, there were secretly two international languages - Russian and obscene. All countries of the socialist camp spoke and understood Russian. By the way, in no country in the world is there explanatory dictionary of criminal jargons. Think about it! Not one! This is not a reason to be proud, but it is a fact of life.

And instead of a conclusion, a few funny examples found on the Internet confirming the greatness and richness of the Russian language:

I WILL PRESENT the theme, I HANDLE the strings:

Let's drink TO THE LADIES, and also TO THE VIRGINS!

Sometimes I look in the mirror and whine:

I would like to see myself as DIFFERENT...

WE SPOKE WITH THE EX-MINISTER

About how harmful SEX MINISTERS is...

I'm looking for a photo LENS, BUT -

Please give me another one,

So that it reflects OBJECTIVELY

Me skinny and young!

Understanding ladies' quirks,

Please take note, gentlemen:

Sometimes the words “GET OUT OF HERE”

Means "IDIOT, HERE"!

Get to the coveted throne

One cartridge will help me.

Here's a plan, reliable and simple:

I need a cartridge. Idle!

Apparently, the Creator made a mistake,

Having provided men with a distorted picture,

And, looking at the dressed Makha,

A man sees Maha naked...

Wagging his tail and mane as he walked,

I walk through life at a playful pace,

But keep in mind that it will be discourteous

Honor me for this in the tail and mane.

Seasoned the salad with green onions.

So that I give my dinner to the ENEMY?

It won’t wait, even if he’s a friend!

Yesterday I sat at a TABLE WITH A TOTAL -

Known womanizer and alcoholic,

I wanted to say a lot to me, TOLIKA,

But I only said a little to LIK.

And I am a young and unripe singer,

And I haven’t sung my best song yet,

Slightly shy, timid, TIME,

And I DID NOT DARE to say loud words...

Not very OLDER yet,

But still I LIVED in the world,

And if a poem is composed,

There is gunpowder! At least the powder...

I dream, like many of the ladies,

That I will someday PUBLISH a book,

Here it is, the complex Russian language:

♦ Touched - to the point.

♦ And it’s wild to me - come to me.

♦ I was crippled while I was being treated.

♦ We are married - we are on first name terms.

♦ You are a foal - you are a child.

♦ Awkward things - I carry different things.

♦ If he needs it, his wife will get it for him.

♦ You have to wait - you have to give.

P.S. I myself, when I can’t understand whether a bot is talking to me or not, I ask you to answer how he understands the sentence (overheard by me from the loaders)

They screwed up so much, screw up.(Although they used an obscene name for the male reproductive organ). I assure you, only a native Russian speaker will understand.