Instructions
Complete a design course. To become a designer, you don’t have to graduate from university. Research courses in your city. They don’t last too long, and their cost is much less than at a university. But, you need to understand that a designer with a university diploma is valued much higher designer who have completed short-term courses. Duration of courses designer, usually from 2 to 8 weeks. It’s worth setting yourself up to attend courses 3-4 times a week for 4 academic hours. The cost of such training varies depending on their duration and averages from 8,000 to 20,000 rubles.
In order for your education and your diploma to be in demand, it is still better to study at a state higher education institution. Be sure to find out how long the psychology department at your chosen university has been. This will provide you with quality education. The “older” the faculty, the higher the level of teaching. Find out if there is a license for educational activities or a training program.
Please note that upon admission you must provide Unified State Examination certificates in Russian, biology, and social studies. Some universities also offer foreign languages and mathematics. Duration of study: full-time – 5 years, psychologist – 4 years. B – 6 years old. Based on existing higher education – 3 years.
From the second or third year you will need to choose a specialization: ; pedagogical; psychology of entrepreneurial activity; psychology of family relationships; practical psychology. No one can help you with this decision. Choose what is closer and more interesting to you.
Dentist is a sought-after and very popular profession in medicine. Working as a dentist will require you to have emotional stability, perseverance, the ability to concentrate, be focused on providing medical care, tact and, of course, deep knowledge in this field of medicine.
Instructions
Please note that there is always a lot of competition at the Faculty of Dentistry. Entrance exams may vary, but most often it is necessary to provide certificates of the Unified State Exam, Russian language, biology,. The total score of the Unified State Exam must be at least 220. This number of points and higher in Russia was the average for admission to dentistry.
Don't expect it to be easy to get into a profession. The training lasts 5 years. You will gain knowledge about nerves, the structure of teeth, their specifics, working with the oral cavity, and prosthetics. You will understand that dental treatment is not only removal or filling, but also jewelry craftsmanship that requires deep knowledge.
Choose one of three areas of activity: production and technological, organizational and management or treatment and prevention.
Many people think about flying solo from time to time. I want not only to be a passenger on an airliner, but also to feel the joy of piloting, freely choosing my path in the sky. Learning to become a pilot is not easy, but it is quite possible. Experienced aviators claim that in fact the art of piloting is no more difficult than driving your own car.
Instructions
You can limit yourself to courses, although most often they are correspondence and paid, but there is an opportunity to quickly master a profession from anywhere in the country. Firstly, these are courses at the RKF, in specialties by breed and judge by working qualities. The Krasnodar Kennel Club “Protection of Animals” trains expert trainees and amateur dog handlers.
In Rostov-on-Don, you can take correspondence courses at the RSCC "Monarch", founded at the Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University.
To master any profession, two stages are required: learning its basics and then further improvement. Hairdressing is no exception. After receiving basic education, you will need not only to work in your specialty, but also to constantly continue your education. This is the only way to be a true professional.
You will need
- - a set of basic hairdressing tools;
- - specialized literature;
- - access to the Internet.
Instructions
Choosing good courses is not so easy, although there are a lot of offers. First of all, ask your friends, maybe they know where you can get really good training. You can ask the master whose work you like where he took courses and what courses he can recommend.
Having chosen several courses that are acceptable to you, do not rush to sign up and pay. Try to visit them all and compare them with each other. Often there is a free trial lesson, or you can be a model for students. Find out about the program of courses, practical classes, the possibility of visits at a convenient time and opportunities for further employment.
Keep up with new products using specialized literature: books and periodicals. You can find a lot of useful information here. Periodical literature is intended mainly for experienced craftsmen who are already able to independently understand. A lot of information can be found on the Internet. There are various master classes and master classes that will help you reach new heights in mastering the art of hairdressing.
Helpful advice
Since hairdressing is a creative profession and directly related to communication, it is often useful not only to study the specialty, but also to attend communication trainings or seminars on conflict management.
Sources:
- where can you learn to be a hairdresser?
Services today are among the most in demand in business. In Russia, valuation experts appeared after privatization, when factories, buildings, and land plots passed into private hands and free trade began. An assessment expert is a marketer, mathematician, economist, and lawyer rolled into one.
Instructions
You can only make a career in this profession with a higher education. Many people train appraisers. There are specialized universities - for example, the International Assessment and Consulting or the Institute of Professional Assessment. Both of these institutions are non-state, located in Moscow. It is taught by practitioners working in assessment and consulting organizations. The Academy of Assessment and Consulting is the only Russian university that is part of the World Association of Specialists FIABCI. The teaching staff of this university develops assessment methods for practicing appraisers. Here you can evaluate the assets of industrial enterprises and small companies. One of the disadvantages of these institutions is that they only have a paid form of education.
The specialty “Property Valuation” does not exist in the Russian state educational standard. Learn on appraiser only possible within other specialties. The most common option is training in the specialty “Finance and Credit”. Starting from the third year, a specialization in “property valuation” was introduced. You can become a valuation expert at well-known state universities, for example, at the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, at the State Administration. In this case, a prestigious diploma and fundamental training in the field of management and economics are guaranteed. You will study in all its intricacies investment activity, accounting, micro- and macroeconomics, and the securities market.
If you want to get into real estate valuation, the State University of Geodesy and the Moscow University of Geodesy are waiting for you. These universities teach land cadastre. At the Moscow Law School, specialization in assessment is obtained in the specialty “Organization Management”. They train general-purpose appraisers and managers.
For those who do not have specialized education appraiser, all is not lost either. Many universities have programs for additional professional education. They can be taken at the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, at MESI (University of Economics, Statistics and), at the Institute of Professional Assessment and others. Such courses usually last about 500 teaching hours and are aimed at specific areas of valuation - “Enterprise valuation”, “Real estate valuation”, etc. Sometimes only one additional program is presented that meets the specifics of the university. The Moscow Automobile and Highway Institute teaches appraiser, at the Russian Institute of Intellectual Property - at appraiser intellectual property.
Sources:
- Russian universities for future appraisers
- where to learn to be a land appraiser
A jeweler is both an artist and a craftsman who makes jewelry. This work is interesting and varied. High-quality craftsmen make exclusive items by hand according to their own sketches, but factories most often practice a narrow division of labor. Among the jewelers there are foundries, cutters, and engravers.
Instructions
To become a jeweler, you must have a number of personal qualities: perseverance, patience and creative thinking. Working with metal and stone requires physical effort, well-developed fine motor skills and 100% vision. The jeweler has to forge, solder, mint, blacken, inlay and polish.
Many of the craftsmen are self-taught, learning the profession from books, textbooks, or directly from famous and experienced artists. But you should keep in mind that in order to start working on your own you need to have a certain capital. Desktop jeweler must be equipped with a large number of tools and devices, the cost of which reaches several thousand dollars.
The largest jewelry enterprises constantly require highly qualified specialists, so many of the factories open specialized schools during production to train jewelers-mounters, setters and foundry workers. The desired profession can be acquired by completing a six-month course at one of these schools.
The village of Krasnoe is located 35 km from Kostroma. It was famous for its craftsmen - jeweler mi. Today Krasnoye is the largest center of jewelry production in Russia. In the village there is a nationally known art. KUKHOM is the only educational institution of its kind in which students acquire a profession in four years jeweler of a wide profile and simultaneously become designers, artists, engravers, and sculptors.
Higher education can be obtained at the Moscow Art and Industrial Institute named after. S.G. Stroganov, where the Faculty of Decorative and Applied Arts has a department of artistic metal processing. At the Moscow State Textile University named after A.N. Kosygin also has a specialized specialty - “Artistic design”. Please note: enter universities only after graduating from art or school. You will have to study for six years.
Helpful advice
Having gained experience and mastered the secrets of craftsmanship, you can open your own jewelry workshop.
Sources:
- The Lord of the Rings or how to learn to be a jeweler
- jewelry school
A customs officer is a civil servant who monitors the movement of people, vehicles, and cargo across the customs border.
Wage
25,000–45,000 rub. (rabota.yandex.ru)
Place of work
Customs, brokerage companies.
Responsibilities
The main responsibilities of a customs officer include:
- inspection of persons crossing the border, verification of documents;
- cargo inspection, documentation preparation;
- detection of contraband or goods prohibited for import and export;
- crime investigation.
Important qualities
The following qualities are important in the work of a customs officer: resistance to stress, excellent memory, quick reaction, developed intuition, responsibility, diligence, stress resistance, diplomacy.
Reviews about the profession
“The profession of a customs officer is quite complex and multifaceted. The main task of customs officers is to ensure economic state security and create conditions for the successful development of the state’s economy. They serve as a reliable barrier for offenders, including smugglers transporting drugs, weapons, currency and various cultural values. The fight against cunning and resourceful violators requires enormous skills and experience from customs officers.”
Russian customs officer
Stereotypes, humor
Despite the increased responsibility associated with maintaining border security, the profession has many advantages: customs officers are entitled to various benefits from the state. In the life of specialists, suspiciousness, attention to detail, and intuition are typical.
Education
Not all customs officers have specialized education; often these can be lawyers, economists and representatives of other specialties. It is permissible to study to become a customs officer at specialized courses. However, the most valued are specialists who graduated from a university with a degree in Customs Affairs (St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Customs Academy named after V.B. Bobkov).
Economic universities in Moscow: MNEPU Academy, Institute of International Economic Relations, Moscow Financial and Legal University MFLA.
Customs officer is a very popular profession. Of course, not everyone is capable of serving valiantly in the ranks of the Federal Customs Service. This means that working in customs is a path for the elite.
Demand
Payability
Competition
Entry barrier
Prospects
“I don’t take bribes, I feel bad for the state” - this phrase from the movie “White Sun of the Desert” determined once and for all what a standard customs officer should be. Some experts believe that if the majority of officials adhered to such views, life around the world would become much better.
Story
Customs is a government body whose main function is to control the movement of goods, vehicles and, in general, any objects, as well as animals and people; collection of customs duties, customs clearance and application of customs procedures. The word “customs” itself has Turkic roots; it comes from the word “tamga,” which among nomadic peoples in Central Asia denoted a mark placed on objects as a sign of ownership.
With the development of society and the emergence of established centralized states, the need arose to control the flow of goods, record them and tax them to replenish the treasury. The time when the rudiments of customs began to appear in Rus', historians call the 9th century AD. It was then that a number of different duties were introduced, among which was a trade tax called “myto”. Those who collected myt were called “mytniks”. By the way, today, the word “customs officer” from Russian into Ukrainian is literally translated as “mitnik” (pronounced “mytnyk”).
Description, duties of a customs officer
A customs civil service employee is not a very difficult profession and does not require outstanding intellectual abilities from a person. Customs officers rarely have to physically work and get dirty. Perhaps because there is not much physical activity, customs officers often have problems with excess weight.
It is not without reason that many people strive to get into the customs service. And the point is not at all that everyone wants to fight smuggling so much. Alas, the profession of a customs officer is an excellent option for corrupt officials, bribe takers, and careerists. Unfortunately, we live in an age of cynicism and nihilism. In our society, such words as “honesty”, “justice”, “philanthropy”, as well as the phrases “loyalty to the oath” and “honor of the uniform” are usually interpreted freely, in their own way and, as a result, to replace concepts, distort values, distort meaning.
To understand what the ideal customs officer looks like through the eyes of a nosy, resourceful and mercantile laughing crowd, just watch the show “Our Russia”, in which an honest traffic cop is depicted as a beggar, a hungry idiot. Probably, stories about an honest customs officer would look the same.
Main responsibilities:
- Investigation of cases of violation of customs law.
- Paperwork.
- Work at the checkpoint.
- Inspection of cargo and personal belongings of citizens at the train station, airport or customs.
- Accounting for confiscated goods.
- Detection of goods prohibited for export or import.
- Detection and accounting of contraband.
- Prevention and suppression of offenses in the field of customs law.
Advantages and disadvantages
The demand for young specialists is quite high, which is undoubtedly a plus. Most university graduates who have mastered this profession can find employment in the future without any problems. Moreover, there are a number of benefits for customs officers, they receive “accelerated” experience and retire early. By the way, customs officers’ pensions are more than decent, plus substantial increases. Customs officers working at checkpoints dealing with smuggling are treated like military personnel and can count on military benefits, allowances and social bonuses.
The specifics of the position leave its mark: a customs officer, in the process of work, acquires such useful life skills as observation, communication, 
knowledge of the psychology of people in general, as well as customs officers and criminals in particular. Plus, if a person working as a customs officer pulls himself together and refuses to participate in corruption schemes, he can develop a remarkable will in himself, which, being retired, can be directed in a good direction.
The main disadvantage of this profession is the constant pressure from people who want to circumvent the law in one way or another. Usually this pressure is transformed into specific amounts and (in rare cases) into threats. As for money, it is extremely difficult to resist temptation and few can do it. Being under constant stress, customs officers often fall into depression and binge drinking. However, no matter how sad they may be, the statistics are cruel: no more than 3% of customs service employees can be called “clean.”
Salary and education
In Moscow, FCS specialists receive, on average, 45 rubles. In other regions, salaries are lower - up to 35,000. Beginning specialists can count on 25,000. In the “large link” of the Federal Customs Service, the salary ranges from 75,000 to 160,000 rubles. In 2015, the salaries of all customs officers are planned to be increased by 25%.
There are a lot of universities in the Russian Federation. There are also many places where you can learn the profession of a customs officer. Competition, on average - 5 people per place. Basically, you need to pass three exams in humanities subjects. Usually these are “Russian language”, “foreign language” and “social studies”. Here are the most famous universities that train young customs officers:
- IPEB (Moscow), 120,000 rubles per year.
- RUDN University (Moscow), Faculty of Economics. 195,000 rubles per year.
- RTA (Lyubertsy), Faculty of Customs, 160,000 rubles.
- RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation (Moscow), Law Faculty named after. M. M. Speransky. The cost of training is 180,000 rubles per year.
Do you remember the wonderful film “White Sun of the Desert” and its hero, customs officer Vereshchagin? There was no longer either a border or a country whose interests he stood guard over, and Vereshchagin still guarded his customs. “I don’t take bribes. I feel bad for the state!” – the catchphrase of this handsome strongman with principles and sovereign thinking has become the personification of the portrait of a real customs officer.
Remember the wonderful film “White Sun of the Desert” and its hero customs officer Vereshchagin in the magnificent performance of Pavel Luspekayev? There was no longer a border or a country whose interests he stood guard over, and Vereshchagin still guarded his customs, looking with disgust at the watermelons and black caviar that his wife fed him day after day. “I don’t take bribes. I feel bad for the state!” – the catchphrase of this handsome strongman with principles and sovereign thinking has become the personification of the portrait of a real customs officer.
This is exactly how principled and conscientious a person should be who guards state interests. Should be - this is the key phrase, since the portrait of a modern customs officer is very different from the “film” one. And the point is not that there are no Vereshchagins left in the modern world, but that many young people choose the profession of a customs officer thoughtlessly. They are seduced by the supposed benefits, forgetting about the significance and features of this profession. Therefore, today we will try to talk about all the nuances, disadvantages and advantages of the customs officer profession, and we hope that this will help you consciously approach the choice of your future job.
Who is a customs officer?
Customs officer is an employee of the state customs service who monitors the movement of people, things, vehicles, goods and other items across the customs border, as well as carries out customs clearance and collection of customs duties.
The name of the profession comes from the Old Russian word tamga (seal, tax, duty), which in turn has Turkic roots. Note that in Ancient Rus' customs was called mytney (from the word myt - the name of the payment collected by local princes). Story customs officer profession originates in ancient times, when the first foreign economic relations between states arose. It was then that the need arose to control goods and people crossing borders. This is what the very first customs officers did, and their activities have remained virtually unchanged since that time.
Today, as before, the job of a customs officer is to clear goods transported across the state border. The professional responsibilities of this specialist include:
- registration of documentation for cargo;
- cargo inspection at customs, screening of citizens at the airport or train station;
- detection of contraband and goods prohibited for import or export;
- work at checkpoints;
- accounting of confiscated goods;
- investigation of offenses in the field of customs law.
More specifically, the customs officer must check the documentation for the goods and draw up his own declarations, determine the country of import and export of the goods and determine the amount of duties and their quantity, allow the cargo and citizens to cross the border. By the way, the range of duties of customs officers is so wide that within the profession there are several narrow specializations that depend on the specialist’s place of work: checkpoint worker, passport control worker, international customs department employees, etc. Therefore, when crossing the border, citizens, as a rule, have to deal with a variety of representatives of this profession. It does not matter where exactly this border passes: at the airport, at the railway station or in the sea harbour.
What personal qualities should a customs officer have?
Customs officer's work is associated with certain risks and temptations that impose a number of requirements on representatives of this profession. Firstly, they must be distinguished by a high degree of patriotism, integrity and honesty. In addition, any customs officer must have such personal qualities as:
I would also like to say something about intuition. It is visually very difficult to determine whether a person or vehicle is carrying prohibited cargo or not. But experienced customs officers do this according to some signs that only they understand, “pulling the thread,” gradually unwinding the ball. In doing so, they rely not so much on knowledge of psychology and practical skills, but on their own intuition.
Also, the customs officer is required to have impeccable knowledge of the laws, legal and legal subtleties, rules for maintaining documentation and proficiency in an official business style of speech. Economic knowledge is also necessary for a customs officer, especially those related to trade turnover.
Advantages of being a customs officer
Ask any customs officer: what are the advantages of his profession. And you will definitely hear in response: of great importance for society. After all, it is customs officials who guard the country’s national security, preventing the import of contraband and preventing the free movement of terrorists.
Undoubtedly advantage of being a customs officer can also be called demand. As customs continues to expand as a result of increased trade volumes and the number of people crossing the border, young professionals will find it easy to find employment.
Customs officers have the right to benefits, for example, early retirement and a substantial increase in it. Customs officers involved in checkpoints, searching for contraband and prohibited goods are treated like military personnel and, accordingly, can count on the same benefits.
Thanks to the specifics of the job, a customs officer develops very well his powers of observation, analytical skills, intuition, memory and attentiveness. These qualities, without any doubt, are useful not only when performing professional duties, but also in everyday life. And the skills and knowledge in the field of jurisprudence and foreign economic activity acquired while working at customs will allow a former customs officer to easily obtain a leadership position in a commercial enterprise.
Disadvantages of the customs officer profession
Foremost disadvantage of the customs officer profession– this is constant pressure from people who want to circumvent customs rules, avoid paying duties or import prohibited goods. We can say that almost every customs officer has the risk of encountering them. Not everyone can resist temptation, resist, and remain an honest employee under the pressure of this kind of temptation.
This leads to the next disadvantage of this profession - high staff turnover. According to statistics, in our country customs is one of the most corrupt systems, and only 2-3% of customs officers can be called crystal clear. Well, since our state is actively fighting corruption and regularly introducing more and more anti-corruption measures, the ranks of customs service employees are often “cleansed”.
The disadvantages of this profession are also associated with the psychological stress that exists in the work. The constant need to be fully prepared, to strain attention and memory can lead to nervous breakdowns, stress and prolonged depression.
Where can you become a customs officer?
To become a customs officer It is not at all necessary to have a specialized education. However, since this profession requires a large amount of diverse knowledge, having a higher education is generally a prerequisite. Knowledge and skills in the field of customs can be obtained through special courses.
But still, we recommend obtaining this profession at specialized universities, since in this environment graduates of customs academies are valued most of all. In addition, only highly qualified customs officers can count on rapid career growth, especially if their education in the specialty “Customs Affairs” was received in such best universities in Russia, How.