Revision tasks on the topic "MAN"
6th grade
Part A
1. What distinguishes a person from an animal is:
1) the ability to produce tools;2) adaptation to environmental conditions;
3) instinct of self-preservation.
2. An indicator of adulthood is:
1) individuality; 2) independence; 3) abilities.
3. A person’s assessment of himself, his qualities, abilities, characteristics of his activities:
1) self-esteem; 2) genius; 3) charity.
4.Are the following judgments correct?
A. A newborn baby can become human only when surrounded by other people.
B. A newborn baby can become a person outside the human community
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
5. Sergey shares his impressions of the movie he watched with Alexander over the phone. That's an example:
1) games 2) communication 3) learning 4) work
6 The uniqueness and originality of each person is determined by the concept:
1 ) talent 2 ) personalnumber 3) inindividuality 4) morality
7 .What example characterizes a person as a person?
1) Marina has blond hair and green eyes
2)Andrey wears glasses because he has poor eyesight
3) it is important for Oleg that his classmates respect him
8. Human activity is aimed at
1) transformation of the surrounding world 2) adaptation to the surrounding world
3) creation of things existing in nature
9. Human activity is based on
1) presence of a goal 2) instincts 3) dependence on the environment
10. Are the judgments about the activity correct:
a) the goal determines a person’s actions;
b) does a person engage in a variety of activities?
1) only a is correct 3) both answers are correct
2) only 6 are correct 4) there is no correct answer
11. The set of human qualities that he acquires in the process of living in society, in activity and communication with other people:
1) individual 3) personality
2) individuality
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between two lists, one of which gives the definition of the concept, and the second the concept itself:
|
A. Individual personality characteristics that ensure success in activity and ease of mastering it. |
1. Talent |
|
B. The highest degree of creative manifestations of personality. |
2. Abilities |
|
B. High level of manifestation of abilities for certain activities. |
3. Genius |
AT 2. Which of the following refers to A) social traits of a person, and which to B) biological ones?
need for communication
collective work
thinking
speech
need for food, water
creation
bipedalism
Q3. Indicate the main differences between humans and animals
production of labor tools and their use in the course of activities
ability to think and speak
independence of behavior
caring for offspring
expedient activity
AT 4. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps. The words in the list are given in the nominative case, singular. Choose one word after another, filling in each blank. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need.
No matter how diverse (1)... a person is, it is aimed at satisfying his needs. In the process of activity, a person relies on his (2)... It is difficult to imagine human activity without (3)... between people. The main activity of the child is (4)...
A. Communication D) Labor
B. Instincts E) Activity
B.Abilities
G. Game
AT 5. All the terms below, except one, are related to the concept of “stages of human life.” Indicate a term that is not related to this concept.
Childhood
Boyhood
Maturity
Performance
Old age
AT 6. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps. The words in the list are given in the nominative case, singular. Choose one word after another, filling in each blank. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need.
(1)... it has been several centuries since it left the historical arena. But even today they say about a noble man, generous in soul and faithful (2)... “he is a real knight.” After all, the knightly commandments cover all aspects of life - these are (3)... the weak, and (4)... to the Motherland, and (5)... in dangerous situations, and the indestructible strength of the word.
A. Conscience D. Fearlessness
B. Love E. Protection
B. Duty G. Danger
D. Generosity 3. Chivalry
AT 7. Read the text and answer the questions.
What types of activities are mentioned in the text?
What is the role of play in a child's life?
Play is a spontaneous quality of a child, and at the same time, it is all built on the child’s relationships with adults. Adults, taking into account the child’s capabilities, create for him, on the basis of their work, such forms of existence in which play can become the main type of his activity; a child can bake pies from clay or sand, because his mother bakes other, real, edible ones for him.
The child also draws the motives for his games from communication with adults. At the same time, especially at first, a significant role in the development of games belongs to imitation of the actions of adults surrounding the child.
(RubinsteinWITH. Fundamentals of general psychology)
Document's name GIA 2016 var 1 Conflicts.doc
State Examination 2016 Option 1
Part 2
“Conflicts of various kinds permeate not only the entire history of mankind and the history of individual nations, but also the life of each individual person. If we talk about the most general definition of conflict, it could be given as follows: conflict is a clash of interests of various groups, communities of people, and individuals. At the same time, the conflict of interests itself must be realized by both sides of the conflict: people, actors, participants in social movements in the very development of the conflict begin to understand its content, become attached to the goals that are put forward by the conflicting parties and perceive them as their own.
Of course, a conflict can be caused by significant reasons that affect the very foundations of the existence of the corresponding conflicting groups, but it cannot be an illusory, imaginary conflict when people believe that their interests are incompatible and mutually exclusive.
It should be noted that there is an endless variety of conflict situations and the impossibility of finally reducing them to any single principle and common denominator. Nevertheless, historical experience and social practice make it possible to identify a certain number of those problems regarding which conflict situations are formed that develop into conflicts. Let's name four main sources of conflicts that are quite common in all human communities. These are wealth, power, prestige and dignity, that is, those values and interests that matter in any society and give meaning to the actions of specific individuals involved in conflicts.
The source of exacerbation of conflicts between large groups is the accumulation of dissatisfaction with the existing state of affairs, increasing aspirations, and a fundamental change in self-awareness and social well-being. As a rule, at first the process of accumulation of dissatisfaction proceeds slowly and latently, until some event occurs that plays the role of a kind of trigger mechanism that brings out this feeling of dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction, which takes on an open form, stimulates the emergence of a social movement, during which leaders are nominated, programs and slogans are worked out, and an ideology of protecting interests is formed. At this stage, the conflict becomes open and irreversible.<...>
So, conflict is the most important aspect of interaction between people in society, a kind of cell of social life.
(Adapted from the book: Social studies: A guide for applicants to universities / V.V. Barabanov, A.A. Tsarskaya. V.G. Zarubin and others; Edited by V.V. Barabanov. St. Petersburg: RGPU Publishing House named after A. I. Herzen; Publishing House "Soyuz", 2001. P. 311-313.).
26.
27. What is conflict? What reasons for its occurrence are mentioned in the text?
28. Using the content of the text, identify the main sources of conflict. Why can these sources be considered the main ones?
29. The text speaks of "an endless variety of conflict situations." Based on social science knowledge, give three examples of types of conflict.
30. Talking about social conflict in class, the student argued that conflict cannot be recognized as a normal phenomenon of social life. Society as a whole is characterized by harmony of interests, rather than internal tension and clashes. Not all students in the class supported this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
31. Do you agree that conflict is a stimulus for social development and progress? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 1 answers.doc
State Examination 2016 Option 1
26.
1) the essence of the conflict;
2) the reasons for the conflict;
3) variety of conflict situations and their sources;
4) stages of development of conflict between large groups of people.
27. What is conflict? What reasons for its occurrence are mentioned in the text?
“A conflict is a clash of interests of various groups, communities of people, individual
individuals."
According to the text, the reasons for a conflict may be the following: a clash of interests, which is recognized by both parties to the conflict; threats to the very foundations of existence of conflicting groups
Elements of the answer can be given in other formulations that are similar in meaning.
28. Using the content of the text, identify the main sources of conflict. Why can these sources be considered the main ones?
According to the text, the main sources of conflict can be the following: wealth, power, prestige, dignity. These sources of conflict can be considered the main ones because they are the ones that matter in any society and give meaning to the actions of specific individuals involved in conflicts
29. The text speaks of “an endless variety of conflict situations.” Based on social science knowledge, give three examples of types of conflict.
As examples of types of conflict, the following can be given: intrapersonal; interpersonal; intergroup; with the external environment; covering certain spheres of public life; covering society as a whole.
Other examples of types of conflict may be given
30. Talking about social conflict in class, the student argued that conflict cannot be recognized as a normal phenomenon of social life. Society as a whole is characterized by harmony of interests, rather than internal tension and clashes. Not all students in the class supported this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
1) answer to a question, for example:
the text reflects the second point of view (the point of view of the class students) - social conflict is a normal phenomenon of social life.
2) a fragment of text, for example: “Conflicts of various kinds permeate not only the entire history of mankind and the history of individual nations, but also the life of each individual person”;
“...Conflict is the most important aspect of interaction between people in society, a kind of cell of social life”
31. Do you agree that conflict is a stimulus for social development and progress? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
new forms of social relations appear, replacing old, outdated ones: for example,
after the victory of the bourgeois revolutions, new capitalist relations are successfully developing;
existing dissatisfaction and social tension are removed, which contributes to
further development of society;
the social system is destroyed (for example, as a result of a victorious revolution);
disorientation of social life occurs (for example, the use of methods such as seizing and holding the object of the conflict, destruction of material assets, deception, disinformation, slander, blackmail, etc.).
Other arguments (explanations) may be given
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 12 answers.doc
GIA 2016 Option 12
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
In the correct answer, the points of the plan must correspond to the main semantic fragments of the text and reflect the main idea of each of them.
The following semantic fragments can be distinguished:
1) the essence of the modern scientific and technological revolution (STR);
2) scientific activity is an integral part of social production;
3) characteristic features of the new stage of scientific and technological revolution;
4) the role of scientific and technological revolution in changing the position of man in the production system.
It is possible to formulate other points of the plan without distorting the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and to highlight additional semantic blocks.
According to the authors, modern scientific and technological revolution “is characterized by deep integration of science and production, which is expressed in the replacement of traditional technologies and equipment with fundamentally new ones, accompanied by a radical restructuring of the organization of labor and production”
28. According to the text, to what time does the beginning of modern scientific and technological revolution date? Why? Find the explanation in the text.
According to the text, the beginning of modern scientific and technological revolution dates back to the 50s of the 20th century. This is due to the fact that from now on scientific activity becomes an integral and important part of social production, science turns into a direct productive force of society
29. Using the content of the text and social science knowledge, list any three areas of modern scientific and technological revolution.
The three directions of modern scientific and technological revolution can be listed:
1) the use of fundamentally new technologies (information, biotechnologies, etc.);
2) qualitative changes in objects of labor, widespread use of new materials;
3) creation and use of flexible automated production and robotic systems. Other areas of modern scientific and technological revolution can be listed
30. While talking in class about the features of modern scientific and technological revolution, the student noted that its development in the 21st century. makes it possible to provide the technical and technological side of solving global problems of humanity. Not all students in the class agreed with this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) answer to a question, for example: the text reflects the first point of view (the student’s point of view)
Modern scientific and technological revolution provides the scientific and technical basis for successfully solving global problems of humanity, playing a leading role in the development of society.
The answer to the question can be given in a different formulation that is similar in meaning.
2) a fragment of text, for example:
- “The beginning of a new stage of scientific and technological revolution in the development of productive forces is characterized by:<...>the scale of resource conservation of the most important types of raw materials, materials, energy; the transition of most sectors of the economy to a labor-saving type of economic development; increasing the growth rate of funding and economic productivity of scientific research and development"
31. Do you agree that the scientific revolution is characterized by positive social consequences, thanks to which the omnipotence of man and his superiority over nature was formed? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the student’s opinion is expressed: agreement or disagreement with the given point of view;
2) two arguments (explanations) are given in defense of your choice, for example:
if you agree with the above point of view, it may be stated that
Scientific and technological revolution promotes the development of education, turning it into a necessary and indispensable condition for full human existence;
Scientific and technological revolution allows a person to master high speeds, relatively safe opportunities to work in hard-to-reach or harmful conditions;
in case of disagreement, it may be stated that
Scientific and technological revolution leads to the fact that people become more and more dependent on technology: man-made disasters cause significant damage not only to nature, but also to humans;
Scientific and technological progress in developed and developing countries, as well as in countries with economies in transition, causes an increase in unemployment.
Other arguments (explanations) may be given.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 12 NTR.doc
GIA 2016 Option 12
Part 2
To answer questions in this part (26-31), use a separate signed sheet. First write down the number of the task (26, etc.), and then the answer to it.
Read the text and complete tasks 26-31.
“The modern scientific and technological revolution (STR) is characterized by deep integration of science and production, which is expressed in the replacement of traditional technologies and equipment with fundamentally new ones, accompanied by a radical restructuring of the organization of labor and production.<...>
The beginning of the modern scientific and technological revolution dates back to the 50s. XX century. Since that time, scientific activity has become an integral and important part of social production. Science is isolated into an independent sphere with a specific material and technical base, highly qualified workers and a special type of final product and occupies a leading place in production as a direct productive force.<...>
The beginning of a new stage of scientific and technological progress in the development of productive forces is characterized by: features of the dynamics of labor productivity; volumes of production using fundamentally new scientific achievements; the scale of resource conservation of the most important types of raw materials, materials, energy; the transition of most sectors of the economy to a labor-saving type of economic development; increasing the growth rate of funding and economic productivity of scientific research and development.
Scientific and technological revolution decisively changes the position of man... in the production system: he is taken beyond the process of creating a finished product, becomes next to it and acts in relation to it as a controller. Previously, a person transferred first the executive function to the machine (influencing the object of labor with the help of a tool), and then the motor and energy functions; now, along with the reduction in direct human participation in production, there is an expansion of types of labor associated with the performance of control and management functions of an increasingly higher level; with making responsible decisions"
(Adapted from the book: 06-social science: a tutor manual / Edited by O.S. Belokrylova, V.I. Filonenko. Rostov n/D: Phoenix, 2008. P. 426, 427, 431.).
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
28. According to the text, to what time does the beginning of modern scientific and technological revolution date? Why? Find the explanation in the text.
29. Using the content of the text and social science knowledge, list any three areas of modern scientific and technological revolution.
30. Talking in class about the features of modern scientific and technological revolution, the student noted that its development in the 21st century. makes it possible to provide the technical and technological side of solving global problems of humanity. Not all students in the class agreed with this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
31. Do you agree that the scientific and technological revolution is characterized by positive social consequences, thanks to which the omnipotence of man and his superiority over nature was formed? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 15 Human biosoc.doc
GIA 2016 Option 15
Part 2
To answer questions in this part (26-31), use a separate signed sheet. First write down the number of the task (26, etc.), and then the answer to it.
Read the text and complete tasks 26-31.
“Man is essentially a biosocial being. It is part of nature and at the same time inextricably linked with society. The biological and social in man are fused together, and only in such unity does man exist. The biological nature of a person is his natural prerequisite, a condition of existence, and sociality is the essence of a person.
As a biological being, man belongs to the higher mammals, forming a special species, Homo sapiens (reasonable man). The biological nature of a person is manifested in his anatomy and physiology. As a biological species, humans have circulatory, muscular, nervous, skeletal and other systems. While inferior to animals in the development of individual organs, humans surpass them in their potential capabilities. Its biological properties are not strictly programmed, which makes it possible to adapt to different living conditions. The biological in humans does not exist in its pure form; it is socially conditioned. The influence of the social is experienced by human genetics and heredity. This is manifested, for example, in the accelerated development of children, in a reduction in the birth rate, infant mortality, etc.
Man as a social being is inextricably linked with society. A person becomes a person only by entering into social relations, into communication with other people. An individual, for certain reasons, cut off from society from birth, remains an animal. Since human activity can only exist as a social activity, the essence of man appears as a set of social relations.
Man is not only a product of socio-historical development, but also a subject whose activity influences the environment.”
(Adapted from the book: Social studies: A guide for applicants to universities / V.V. Barabanov, A.A. Dorskaya, V.G. Zarubin, etc.; Edited by V.V. Barabanov. St. Petersburg: RGPU Publishing House named after A.I. Herzen; Publishing house "SOYUZ", 2001. P. 11-12.).
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
27. According to the text, what is man essentially? What do biological nature and sociality represent for humans?
29. Using the content of the text and social science knowledge, name three properties that reveal the social essence of a person.
30. Become familiar with the following points of view.
First point of view
Second point of view
“Man is the bearer of consciousness, which in itself is a social product. Only in society and thanks to society is a person able not only to learn and work, but also to realize his internal processes, correlate desires and state with the external circumstances of life and act wisely.”
“A person is an isolated personality, he is the creator of his life, the creator of himself. A person’s life is independent of changes in society and its economic development. In achieving personal happiness and mastering culture, a person does not need intermediaries in the form of the state or public institutions. The free creative activity of an individual develops according to the laws inherent in himself.”
Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
31. Do you agree with the following statement of the Tajik poet Ferdowsi:
“In the chain, man became the last link,
And all the best is embodied in him”?
Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 15 answers.doc
GIA 2016 Option 15
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
In the correct answer, the points of the plan must correspond to the main semantic fragments of the text and reflect the main idea of each of them.
The following semantic fragments can be distinguished:
1) man is a biosocial being;
2) human biological nature;
3) man as a social being;
4) man as a subject of socio-historical development.
It is possible to formulate other points of the plan without distorting the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and to highlight additional semantic blocks.
27. According to the text, what is man essentially? What do biological nature and sociality represent for humans?
According to the text, man is essentially a biosocial being. Biological nature is a natural prerequisite, a condition for human existence, sociality is the essence of man
According to the authors, the biological in humans does not exist in its pure form, it is socially conditioned. The influence of the social is experienced by human genetics and heredity. As examples illustrating in the text the conditioning of the biological by the social in man, the following can be mentioned: accelerated development of children; reduction in birth rates; infant mortality, etc.
29. Using the content of the text and social science knowledge, name three properties that reveal the social essence of a person.
Three properties that reveal the social essence of a person can be named:
1) ability and readiness for socially useful work;
2) consciousness and mind;
3) freedom and responsibility.
Other properties that reveal the social essence of a person can be named
30. Become familiar with the following points of view.
First point of view
Second point of view
“Man is the bearer of consciousness, which in itself is
a public product. Only in society and thanks to society is a person able not only to learn and work, but also to realize his internal processes, correlate desires and state with the external circumstances of life and act wisely.”
“A person is an isolated personality, he is the creator of his life, the creator of himself. A person’s life is independent of changes in society and its economic development. In achieving personal happiness, in mastering culture, a person does not need intermediaries in the form of state
art, public institutions. The free creative activity of an individual develops according to the laws inherent in himself.” Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) answer to a question, for example: the text reflects the first point of view -
social life not only improved the natural organization of man, but also subjugated it.
The answer to the question can be given in a different formulation that is similar in meaning.
2) a piece of text, for example:
- “The biological in humans does not exist in its pure form, it is socially conditioned”;
- “Man as a social being is inextricably linked with society. A person becomes a person only by entering into social relations, into communication with other people. An individual, for certain reasons, cut off from society from birth, remains an animal. Since human activity can only exist as a social activity, the essence of man appears as a set of social relations.”
31. Do you agree with the following statement of the Tajik poet Ferdowsi:
“In the chain, man became the last link,
And all the best is embodied in him”?
Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the student’s opinion is expressed: agreement or disagreement with the given point of view;
2) two arguments (explanations) are given in defense of your choice, for example:
if you agree with the above point of view, it may be stated that
Man has intelligence, which allowed him to make a giant leap in the exploration of the world;
Man knows how to accumulate information about many specific phenomena, generalize it, which opened up the opportunity for him to create something that does not exist in nature - “second nature”;
in case of disagreement, it may be stated that
A person has reason, but does not always perform reasonable actions, first of all, in relation to nature, considering it as a workshop in which one can manage without control;
Man as a biological species claims to be the next king of nature, but the paleontological record of the planet contains stories about how many groups of animals disappeared, how giant amphibians were replaced by lizards, and then by mammals, one of whose branches gave the world humans. At the same time, life did not stop, conditions changed, and those groups of organisms that were better able to adapt to these changes than others won.
Other arguments (explanations) may be given.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 3 answers.doc
State Examination 2016 Option 3
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
In the correct answer, the points of the plan must correspond to the main semantic fragments of the text and reflect the main idea of each of them.
The following semantic fragments can be distinguished:
1) the role of religion and the church in the life of society; 2) the core of religion is faith;
3) structure (composition) of religious faith;
4) the influence of religion on the spiritual life of society.
It is possible to formulate other points of the plan without distorting the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and to highlight additional semantic blocks.
27. Using the text, name the main functions of the church.
According to the text, the main functions of the church are:
Uniting believers of the same religion;
Development of uniform norms for their behavior
28. According to the text, what elements does religious faith include? Which one is first and main?
According to the text, religious faith includes the following elements:
Belief in the existence of God;
Standards of morality and ethics;
I believe that clergy and persons declared saints and saints are inspired to act by God himself;
Belief in the saving power of ritual rites:
Baptism, prayer, fasting, worship.
The first and main element of religious faith is the belief in the existence of God as the Creator of everything that exists.
29. Why has “religion at all times had a huge impact on the spiritual life of society”? Give three explanations based on the text and social science knowledge.
The following can be given as explanations for why “religion has at all times had a huge impact on the spiritual life of society”:
Religion is the bearer of cultural and spiritual values that form the basis of the spiritual life of society;
Religion is publicly accessible, which allows everyone, regardless of the level of education, to delve deeper into the pursuit of art, philosophy, and science through religious aphorisms, stories, legends, and parables. This contributes to the spiritual development of people;
Religion separates a person from everyday life, requires him to turn to the divine, that is, the eternal, spiritual, giving him food for thought and for high feelings
30. Talking in class about the importance of religion in the life of society, the student noted its role in causing social conflicts and dividing society, for example, the Crusades, St. Bartholomew's Night. Not all students in the class agreed with this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) answer to a question, for example:
The text reflects the second point of view (the point of view of the class students) - religion helps maintain the stability of the individual, social groups and society as a whole, and organizes the thoughts and aspirations of people in a certain way.
The answer to the question can be given in a different formulation that is similar in meaning.
2) a piece of text, for example:
- “...a church that unites believers of the same religion and develops common standards of their behavior;
- “...religious faith includes... norms of morality and morality, the violation of which is a sin”
31. Do you agree that religion, by elevating the soul above the body, spirituality above material interests, has contributed to the ennobling of the human soul? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the student’s opinion is expressed: agreement or disagreement with the given point of view;
2) two arguments (explanations) are given in defense of your choice, for example:
if you agree with the above point of view, it may be stated that
Religion reminds a person of the highest ideals, makes him think about the meaning of life, about the “salvation of the soul”;
People's fulfillment of the requirements of religious morality makes their behavior stable and predictable;
in case of disagreement, it may be stated that
Religion belittles human reason, asserts the inadmissibility of doubting the truths of faith, and proclaims the priority of faith over reason and knowledge;
Religion restrains freedom of creativity: scientific thought begins to develop intensively when it is freed from the power of the church;
where society is under the rule of religion, the church narrows the subject matter of works of art, and sometimes bans entire branches of it.
Other arguments (explanations) may be given.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 3 Religion.doc
State Examination 2016 Option 3
Part 2
To answer questions in this part (26-31), use a separate signed sheet. First write down the number of the task (26, etc.), and then the answer to it.
Read the text and complete tasks 26-31.
“...Religious beliefs arose among people in ancient times, and religious rituals and cults were very diverse and played a huge role in the life of society. At a certain stage in the development of religion, a church appeared that unites believers of the same religion and develops uniform norms for their behavior.<...>
Faith becomes the core of religion. Its first and main element is faith in the existence of God as the Creator of everything that exists. In ancient times, it was believed that it was higher powers that were responsible for people’s actions. However, according to modern religious ideas, God endowed man with free will and the ability to be responsible for his own actions.<…>
Although the idea of the existence of God is a central theme in all religions, religious faith also includes: norms of morality and ethics, the violation of which is a sin; the belief that clergy and persons declared saints and saints are inspired to act by God himself; faith in the saving power of such rituals as baptism, prayer, fasting, and worship.<…>
Religion has always had a huge impact on the spiritual life of society.<...>
Majestic temples, masterfully executed frescoes and icons, wonderful literary and philosophical works of religious content, church rituals have significantly enriched human culture and become an integral part of it.”
(Adapted from the book: Timonenko Yu. N., Skopintseva Yu. N., Yukina I. V., Volokhova E. A. Culturology. M.: Publishing House "Exam", 2007. P. 18-20.).
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
27. Using the text, name the main functions of the church.
28. According to the text, what elements does religious faith include? Which one is first and main?
29. Why has “religion at all times had a huge impact on the spiritual life of society”? Give three explanations based on the text and social science knowledge.
30. Talking in class about the importance of religion in the life of society, the student noted its role in generating social conflicts and dividing society, for example, the Crusades, St. Bartholomew's Night. Not all students in the class agreed with this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
31. Do you agree that religion, by elevating the soul above the body, spirituality above material interests, has contributed to the ennoblement of the human soul? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 4 answers.doc
State Examination 2016 Option 4
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
In the correct answer, the points of the plan must correspond to the main semantic fragments of the text and reflect the main idea of each of them.
The following semantic fragments can be distinguished:
1) the nature of interpersonal relationships;
2) the essence of feelings that bring people together;
3) the essence of feelings that separate people;
4) the influence of the level of development of feelings on the activities of the group.
It is possible to formulate other points of the plan without distorting the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and to highlight additional semantic blocks.
27. Find in the text an explanation of why interpersonal relationships can be considered a factor in the psychological “climate” of the group.
According to the text, “interpersonal relationships can be considered as a factor in the psychological “climate” of a group because their most important specific feature is their emotional basis.” This means that interpersonal relationships develop on the basis of certain feelings that people have towards each other.
28. Using the content of the text, fill out the table.
Name
feeling groups
Attitude
to the other side
Bringing people together
Desired
Willingness to cooperate
Separating people
Unacceptable
Lack of desire to cooperate
Other, similar in meaning formulations may be given in the table
29. Why does the behavior of an individual as an individual depend significantly on his relationships with the people around him? Give three explanations based on the text and social science knowledge.
The following explanations can be given:
in the course of interpersonal relationships, a person receives information that allows him to correctly perceive and evaluate his behavior, strengthen everything positive in his personality, and get rid of shortcomings;
interpersonal relationships (for example, friendship, “love”) give a person self-confidence and positive emotions, which has a positive effect on his behavior;
Interpersonal relationships form value guidelines that are internalized by the individual and largely determine his behavior.
Other explanations may be given
30. During the lesson, the student argued that business relationships are free from feelings of sympathy or antipathy, and, therefore, feelings will not affect the results of these relationships. Business relationships are recorded in documents, and affection, enmity, antipathy, partnership will not affect them. Not all students in the class supported this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) answer to a question, for example:
the text reflects the second point of view (the point of view of the class students) - business relationships belong to interpersonal relationships, therefore, they are characterized by certain feelings that arise in people towards each other.
The answer to the question can be given in a different formulation that is similar in meaning.
2) a piece of text, for example:
- “The emotional basis of interpersonal relationships means that they arise and develop on the basis of certain feelings that arise in people towards each other...”;
- “The specific level of their (feelings - Author’s) development, naturally, cannot be indifferent to the group’s activities”
31. Do you agree that sympathy or antipathy between people depends on their understanding of each other? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the student’s opinion is expressed: agreement or disagreement with the given point of view;
2) two arguments (explanations) are given in defense of your choice, for example:
if you agree with the above point of view, it may be stated that
An impression of each other, formed on the basis of external appearance, may turn out to be incorrect, since there may be circumstances depending on the situation, mood, and state of mind of these people. Therefore, it is necessary to learn to understand another person in order to form certain feelings towards him;
The presence of stereotypes, according to which all people are pre-assigned to a certain category (for example: “All girls don’t know how to keep their mouths shut”, “All boys are rude”) can interfere with the formation of a true assessment of a particular person. Therefore, attention to other people should be formed;
in case of disagreement, it may be stated that
A person perceives another person primarily on the basis of external appearance, which can already affect sympathy or antipathy, and then the impression is formed from his words, character traits;
Read the text and complete tasks 26-31.
“The nature of interpersonal relations differs significantly from the nature of social relations: their most important specific feature is their emotional basis. Therefore, interpersonal relationships can be considered as a factor in the psychological “climate” of the group. The emotional basis of interpersonal relationships means that they arise and develop on the basis of certain feelings that are born (in people in relation to each other...
Naturally, the “set” of these feelings is limitless, but all of them can be reduced into two large groups: 1) bringing people together, uniting their feelings. In each case of such a relationship, the other party acts as a desired object, in relation to which a willingness to cooperate, to joint actions, etc. is demonstrated; 2) feelings that separate people, when the other side appears as unacceptable... in relation to which there is no desire to cooperate, etc.
The intensity of both types of feelings can be very different. The specific level of their development, naturally, cannot be indifferent to the group’s activities.”
(Adapted from the book: Andreeva G.M. Social psychology. M., 1988. P. 85).
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
27. Find in the text an explanation of why interpersonal relationships can be considered a factor in the psychological “climate” of a group.
28. Using the content of the text, fill in the table.
Name
feeling groups
Attitude
to the other side
Implications for collaboration
29. Why does the behavior of an individual as an individual depend significantly on his relationships with the people around him? Give three explanations based on the text and social science knowledge.
30. During the lesson, the student argued that business relationships are free from feelings of sympathy or antipathy, and, therefore, feelings will not affect the results of these relationships. Business relationships are recorded in documents, and affection, enmity, antipathy, partnership will not affect them. Not all students in the class supported this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
31. Do you agree that sympathy or antipathy between people depends on their understanding of each other? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
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Document's name GIA 2016 var 9 Global problems.doc
State Examination 2016 Option 9
Part 2
To answer questions in this part (26-31), use a separate signed sheet. First write down the number of the task (26, etc.), and then the answer to it.
Read the text and complete tasks 26-31.
“Humanity has met the 21st century. the process of globalization, which consists in the formation of a planetary, economic, scientific, information space.
Of particular importance in imparting integrity to the modern world is the development of international communication and information networks. The launch of the first artificial Earth satellite is considered a symbolic act of the birth of the information era.<...>Computer networks on the Internet have become a more advanced means of communication than satellite communications, in which the speed and volume of transmitted information increases significantly. Computer networks can be used to hold international scientific conferences, make economic transactions, and directly communicate with people from different continents.
Despite the trend towards integrity and unity, serious contradictions remain in the world in the spheres of economics, culture, social relations, etc.
The most important is the contradiction between developed and developing countries. It is also called the contradiction between North and South. The developed countries of the North are industrial and post-industrial societies with advanced technologies in production and sustainable public welfare systems.
They consume most of the energy produced on the planet and exploit most of its resources. Developing countries can only offer raw materials for industry, agricultural products, cheap human labor, and a market for selling products of not the best quality. In conditions of high development of international communications, the countries of the North and South cannot remain in isolation. The problems of one and the other become common.”
(Adapted from the book: Social Studies: Tutor Manual / Edited by O. S. Belokrylova, V. I. Filonenko. Rostov n/D: Phoenix, 2008. P. 131-132.)
26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
28. What is the most important contradiction in the modern world mentioned in the text? What is the reason for this contradiction?
29. Illustrate with three examples the statement contained in the text that “serious contradictions remain in the world in the spheres of economics, culture, and social relations.”
30. Talking in class about the diversity and unity of the world, the student noted that the modern world does not leave much room for diversity. People in different parts of the world eat the same foods, watch the same programs, read the same literature. They strive to dress fashionably (i.e., identically), comb their hair, and look. Not all students in the class agreed with this opinion. Which of these two points of view is reflected in the text? Provide a piece of text that helps answer the question.
31. Do you agree that globalization is a positive process for the future development of humanity? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
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Human
Man as a product of biological, social and cultural evolution
1. Man differs from animals in that he
1) has natural instincts
2) has the most perfect hearing
3) does not depend on natural conditions
4) has articulate speech
2. Distinguishes a person from an animal
1) use of natural objects
2) the desire to understand the world around us
3) adaptation to environmental conditions
4) instinct of self-preservation
3. Man is a unity of three components: biological, mental, social. The social component includes
1) knowledge and skills
2) feelings and will
3) physical development
4) age characteristics
4. Specific features inherent in a particular individual (organism) due to a combination of hereditary and acquired properties refer to characteristics
1) person
2) individual
3) personalities
4) individuality
5. What term is used to designate the unique originality, specific features inherent in a person?
1) individual
2) activist
3) creator
4) individuality
6. The terms “uniqueness”, “distinctive features”, “otherness” are used to describe a person as
1) personalities
2) individual
3) individuality
4) citizen
7. The similarity between humans and animals is manifested in the fact that they have
1) various sensations
2) articulate speech
3) rational thinking
4) opportunities for self-development
8. Unlike animals, humans are capable of expressing
1) dependence on the environment
2) instinctive reactions to environmental influences
3) genetic determination of behavior
4) critical attitude towards oneself
9. Are the following judgments about a person true?
A. Man is a being who participates in the creation of himself.
B. Any one person is enough to judge all people by him.
10. Are the following statements true?
A. What distinguishes humans from animals is the ability to create a sociocultural environment.
B. What distinguishes humans from animals is the ability to work together.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
11. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.
“(1) Both humans and animals have a nervous system and are capable of sensing and perceiving the surrounding reality. (2) But unlike animals, man has abstract thinking and is able to realize the goals of his activity and foresee its results. (3) It can be stated that thanks to this, man rose above all living organisms and subjugated nature. (4) All human actions are thoughtful and aimed at further strengthening his position as the “king of nature.”
Determine which provisions are
A) factual nature
B) the nature of value judgments
Human needs and abilities
1. Human social needs include the need
1) breathe
2) eat
3) sleep
4) communicate
2. Which of the following abilities is characteristic of humans and absent in animals?
1) the ability to sense the influence of the environment
2) the ability to perceive the surrounding reality
3) the ability to make choices and take responsibility for them
4) the ability to satisfy one's needs
3. The characteristics of humans and animals include the ability
1) foresee the results of your activities
2) be conscious about raising offspring
3) choose the means to achieve the goal
4) reproduce genetically determined behavior patterns
4. Primary (biological, innate) needs, according to A. Maslow’s classification, are the needs
1) prestigious
2) ideal
3) spiritual
4) existential
5. Human needs determined by society include the need for
1) labor activity
2) preservation of the species
3) self-preservation
4) physical activity
6. Are the following judgments about a person’s outstanding abilities true?
A. It is nature, not society, that makes a person a genius.
B. Mental talent is a quality determined by the biological nature of a person.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
7. Write down the word missing in the diagram.
Answer:
8. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of “human biological needs”. Find and indicate a need that “falls out” from their range and relates to a different concept.
Reproduction, nutrition, breathing, movement, communication, rest
9. Insert in place of the blank. The need for reproduction, food, and breathing is called ___________________________need.
10. Complete the phrase:“The need experienced and perceived by a person for what is necessary to maintain his body and develop his personality is called _____________________.”
11. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list of words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.
“In work, learning, __________(1) all aspects of the psyche are formed and manifested.
A special question arises about how relatively stable mental properties are formed and consolidated. Mental properties_______________(2) - her abilities and character traits - are formed in the course of life. The innate _______________(3) of the organism are only ____________(4) – very ambiguous, which determine, but do not determine the mental properties of a person. Based on the same inclinations, a person can develop different properties _____________ (5) and character traits depending on the course of his life and _____________ (6) not only appear, but are also formed. In work, study, labor, people’s abilities are developed and developed; character is formed and tempered in life situations and actions.”
The words in the list are given in the nominative case, singular. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.
A) feature E) makings
B) abilities G) communication
C) personality H) activity
D) game I) group
D) society
Human activity, its main types
1. A sign of the concept “human activity” is
1) dominance of biological needs
2) adaptive nature
3) focus
4) mandatory use of tools
2. Generalization of the properties of objects in concepts is typical for the activity:
2) socially transformative
3) spiritual and practical
4) spiritual-theoretical
3. Students study economic literature concerning the creation and use of material resources of society. This is an example activity
1) material and production
2) educational and cognitive
3) value-oriented
4) socially transformative
4. Determining the possible consequences of changes in preferential payments to socially vulnerable citizens is an activity
1) practical
2) value-oriented
3) educational
4) prognostic
5. What distinguishes human activity from animal behavior is
1) creating an ideal image of the expected result
2) use of objects given by nature
3) appropriate activity
4) search for means to satisfy needs
6. Oceanologists study the life of the inhabitants of the seabed. What type of activity does this example illustrate?
1) material
2) spiritual
3) social
4) economic
7. The farmer cultivates the land using special equipment. The subject of this activity is
1) earth
2) technology
3) cultivated crop
4) farmer
8. Unlike animal behavior, human activity is
1) transformative
2) adaptive
3) collective
4) gun
9. Older teenagers help their parents cultivate the cucumber beds at the dacha. The subjects of this activity are
2) beds with cucumbers
3) older teenagers
4) tools and garden equipment
10. College students do an internship at a company that produces electronic equipment. Student activity is an example of activity
1) material and production
2) educational and cognitive
3) value-oriented
4) socially transformative
11. Textbooks, reading books, collections of problems and exercises for students studying at universities are
1) objects of activity
2) subjects of activity
3) goals of activity
4) means of activity
12. Human activity aimed at creating material and spiritual benefits useful to society is
1) cognition
2) labor
3) communication
4) forecasting
13. Game, communication, cognition is
1) types of human activities
2) stages of personality formation
3) types of behavior of all living beings
4) forms of communication
14. Write down the word missing in the diagram.
Answer: ______________________________
15. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, relate to the concept of “activity structure”. Find and indicate a term that “falls out” from their series and relates to another concept.
Subject, goal, means, individual, object, result
Answer:________________________________________
16. Establish a correspondence between activities and characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPES OF ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES
1) activity in the imaginary A) labor
situations B) teaching
2) practical usefulness B) game
3) focus on acquiring knowledge
4) replacement of real objects with conditional ones
5) transformational orientation
Activities and creativity
1. What is the name of activity, the distinctive feature of which is that as a result, qualitatively new material and spiritual values are created?
1) cognition
2) creativity
3) communication
4) study
2. A feature of creativity as a type of human activity is
1) use of natural substances
2) satisfaction of biological needs
3) creation of something new that has no analogues in nature
4) use of tools
3. A feature of creativity as a type of human activity is
1) meeting social needs
2) creation of something new that has no analogues in nature
3) conditioning by innate instincts
4) instrumental character
4. Possesses the inclinations for creative activity and creation of new things
1) only people who have dedicated themselves to scientific activities
2) every person from birth
3) children born from parents with higher education
4) only children attending kindergarten and school
5. An obligatory general feature of the activity of an artist, writer, scientist is
1) satisfaction of material needs
2) creativity
3) use of technical means
4) social approval of performance results
6. Find in the list below the features that are characteristic of the results of creative activity only
1) availability for use
2) fundamental novelty
3) practical significance
4) sample reproducibility
5) uniqueness
Write the circled numbers in ascending order.
Answer:__________________________________
Personality, its socialization and education
1. A distinctive feature of the concept “personality” is that a person has
1) emotional and sensory reactions to environmental influences
2) responsibility for one’s actions and their consequences
3) the conditioning of behavior by genetic characteristics
4) instincts of self-preservation and care for offspring
2. The dominant fact of personality socialization is
1) natural environment
2) innate human characteristics
3) communication with others
4) specificity of social norms
3. A stable system of socially significant properties that characterize a representative of a particular society refers to the characteristics
1) person
2) individual
3) individuality
4) personalities
4. A distinctive feature of the concept “personality” is (are)
1) articulate speech
2) presence of physical needs
3) the ability to take responsibility
4) consciousness and thinking
5. Are the following judgments about personality true?
A. The main thing in the characteristics of a person is the social essence.
B. A newborn person is a person.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
6. Are the following judgments about personality formation true?
A. Hereditary, congenital, individual properties of a person do not affect the formation of his personality.
B. The formation of a person’s personality is associated exclusively with social interactions.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
7. All forms of influence of society on people, as a result of which they gain life experience, are
1) adaptation
2) education
3) education
4) socialization
8. Preparation for mastering various social roles, familiarization with the dominant value standards in society is the main component
1) social mobility in society
2) socialization of the younger generation
3) acquired social status
4) self-realization of the individual in the group
9. The assimilation by an individual of patterns of behavior, psychological mechanisms, norms and values necessary for successful existence in a given society is called
1) self-realization
2) ability
3) self-knowledge
4) socialization
10. The primary socialization of an individual, during which he learns norms and patterns of behavior, is carried out
1) throughout a person’s life
2) during maturity
3) primarily in childhood
4) after completing schooling
11. Are the following statements about socialization true?
A. During socialization, the individual assimilates social experience.
B. During socialization, the individual enters the social environment and adapts to it.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
12. The terms “self-esteem”, “self-realization”, “self-development” refer to the characteristics of a person as
1) individual
2) personalities
3) an individual
4) biological individual
13. Complete the phrase:“The process of an individual’s assimilation of patterns of behavior, social norms and spiritual values is called ________________________________.”
14 .
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
1) a person actively mastering A) an individual
and purposefully transforming B) individuality
nature, society and oneself C) personality
2) individual representative
of the entire human race
3) a person in the complex of his unique
unique properties
4) a person capable of consciously and responsibly
make a choice
Write down the selected letters in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer form (without spaces or other symbols)
Human existence
1. The most general concept denoting the existence of man in all the diversity of his manifestations is
1) consciousness
2) creativity
3) socialization
4) being
Behavior
1. Are the following judgments about people’s behavior true?
1) A person’s behavior in society is completely predetermined by external circumstances and does not depend on his own will
2) A person’s behavior in society is completely subordinate to the will and desires of other people, contrary to his own interests
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
2. To regulate the water level in rivers, beavers build dams. At the same time, they gnaw up trees for construction upstream and float the logs to the construction site. What makes these animal activities different from human dam-building activities? The incentives for animal actions are
1) motives
2) instincts
3) skills
4) abilities
Human inner world
1. Which of the following sciences studies the inner spiritual world of man?
1) ethics
2) psychology
3) philosophy
4) aesthetics
2. Are the following statements about the inner world of a person true?
A. The inner spiritual world of a person consists of feelings, emotions, thoughts, experiences associated with life and communication in a social environment.
B. The inner world of a person is determined by natural inclinations and abilities, characteristics of temperament, thinking, and memory.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
3. Are the following statements about a person true?
A. You can be a spiritually rich person and still do bad deeds.
B. Spiritual wealth does not allow a person to dull his compassion.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
Conscious and unconscious
1. Which of the following is a manifestation of the conscious?
1) a person’s ability to accurately reproduce reality in thinking
2) desires, aspirations, experiences that a person usually does not admit to himself
3) dreams, slips of the tongue, desires
4) uncontrolled processes, functions, states
2. Are the following judgments about the unconscious true?
A. The unconscious in a person exists only at an early stage of personality development.
B. During the formation of the first civilizations, unconscious impulses were the main regulator of human behavior.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
3. Are the following judgments about consciousness true?
A. It is consciousness that allows a person to set goals that are not determined by his biological nature.
B. Articulate speech preceded the emergence of consciousness in humans and became its prerequisite.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
Self-knowledge
1. Self-knowledge means(are)
1) the formation of a person’s views about himself, his needs, capabilities, interests
2) human views on the world, the origin of the universe, the relationship between nature and people
3) a person’s assimilation of norms and patterns of positive social behavior
4) formation of principles and rules of human behavior in a small group
2. What is the name of the process in which a person comprehends the essence of his “I”?
1) self-education
2) self-knowledge
3) self-preservation
4) narcissism
3. The result of self-knowledge, in particular, is
1) accumulation of knowledge about man and nature
2) knowledge of the values of society
3) study of social norms
4) idea of one’s abilities
4. Are the following judgments about self-knowledge true?
A. As a result of self-knowledge, a “I-image” is formed.
B. Understanding your “I” is impossible without conducting psychological experiments
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
5. Are the following judgments about self-knowledge true?
A. The ideal “I” is the idea of how others want me to be.
B. An integral part of self-knowledge is self-esteem.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
6. Are the following judgments about self-knowledge true?
A. The ideal “I” is the idea of how a person would like to see himself.
B. “I am an image” is the idea that others have about a person.”
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
7. Are the following judgments about self-knowledge true?
A. A person forms self-esteem by comparing himself with others.
B. People with low self-esteem make comparisons with others only when they are confident of success.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
8. Are the following judgments about self-knowledge true?
A. Focusing on the shortcomings of others helps improve self-esteem.
B. The more the real qualities of a person approach the “I am ideal”, the lower the person’s self-esteem.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
9. Are the following judgments about self-knowledge true?
A. People with high self-esteem are easier to influence.
B. People with low self-esteem tend to work on easier tasks.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
10. A person forms knowledge about himself, his needs, abilities and aspirations in the process
1) self-knowledge
2) self-esteem
3) self-control
4) arbitrariness
11. A person determines his capabilities and needs in the process
1) self-knowledge
2) self-esteem
3) self-control
4) arbitrariness
12 . Establish a correspondence between concepts and characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
1) Acquiring knowledge through A) Self-education
independent studies without help B) Self-knowledge
teacher B) Self-realization
2) Implementation of what is meaningful for
human goals, plans, ideas, projects
3) Personal knowledge of one’s own
capabilities, qualities
Write down the selected letters in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer form (without spaces or other symbols)
Freedom and responsibility of the individual
1. Are the following judgments about human freedom true?
A. Human freedom is expressed exclusively in one’s own decisions regarding further actions.
B. Human freedom is possible only as a result of overcoming the rules imposed by society.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
2. Are the following judgments about human freedom true?
A. Human freedom is manifested in the absence of responsibility for committed actions.
B. Human freedom underlies behavior aimed solely at obtaining pleasure.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
3. Are the following statements about human freedom true?
A. Freedom involves choice when there is an alternative.
B. Expanding the field of freedom increases the degree of individual responsibility.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
4. Are the following judgments about personal responsibility true?
A. Moral responsibility of the individual presupposes free will.
B. Moral responsibility is expressed in the ability to manage oneself and one’s behavior.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
5. Are the following judgments about human freedom and responsibility true?
A. Human freedom in society presupposes the possibility of choice and taking responsibility for it.
B. The more freedom a person receives in society, the more responsibility falls on him.
1) only A is true 3) both A and B are true
2) only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
6. Complete the phrase:“Human freedom is closely related to the need to make independent decisions and bear ________________________________ for them.”
prestigious
biological
existential
spiritual
… …
facilities
actions
target
motive
Activity structure
social